kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Multipoint measurements of solar wind magnetic holes
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Space and Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8384-8290
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Magnetic holes (MH) are localized depressions of the magnetic field. They are found in various plasma environments, most commonly in the solar wind. The magnetic field direction sometimes varies across the hole, and it is common to divide MH into two categories, linear and rotational, where the first shows little to no rotation of the field. Linear MH are often in pressure balance with the surrounding plasma and can survive for long periods. It is unknown exactly where and how they are formed, but there is strong evidence that they are related to the mirror instability and waves associated with this instability. Rotational MH, on the other hand, appear as current sheet-like structures and are suggested to be related to magnetic reconnection or possibly in connection with wave activity. Both linear and rotational MH have similar properties, such as magnetic field magnitude and temporal scales. In this thesis, we use the Cluster mission, which has four spacecraft moving closely together providing multipoint measurements, to understand the phenomenon of magnetic holes better. Cluster provides over 20 years of data, with varying spacecraft spacing. Sometimes, the spacing of the satellites is such that one satellite is located in the solar wind while another is in the magnetosheath. In these instances, we have identified the same MH in the solar wind and later in the magnetosheath, suggesting they can cross the bowshock (Paper I). Using the Cluster database, we have identified times when the same MH was observed with all four spacecraft. Applying a timing analysis on a subset of these, we have derived their velocity, and conclude that they are convected with the solar wind speed (Paper II). When the same MH is observed by all four satellites in the solar wind, based on the spacecraft separation, one has four measuring points separated by distances comparable to the size of the MH. These observations can be combined with a local coordinate transformation and a model to estimate the scales of the MH and derive information about the three-dimensional morphology of MH (PaperIII). A large number of events were identified, and the results were combined to provide a statistical analysis of the morphology of solar wind magneticholes (Paper IV).

Abstract [sv]

Magnetiska hål (MH) är lokaliserade reduktioner av magnetfältet. De finns i olika plasmamiljöer, oftast i solvinden. Det magnetiska fältets riktning varierar ibland över hålet, och det är vanligt att dela in MH i två kategorier, linjära och roterande, där den första visar liten eller ingen rotation av fältet. Linjära MH är ofta i tryckbalans med omgivande plasma och kan överleva under långa perioder. Det är okänt exakt var och hur de bildas, men det finns starka bevis för att de är relaterade till spegelinstabiliteten och vågor associerade med denna instabilitet. Roterande MH, å andra sidan, uppträder som strömskiktliknande strukturer och föreslås vara relaterade till magnetisk omkoppling eller möjligen till vågaktivitet. Både linjära och roterande MH har liknande egenskaper, såsom magnetfältets styrka och tidsskalor. I den här avhandlingen använder vi Cluster-missionen, som har fyra satelliter som rör sig tätt tillsammans och ger flerpunktsmätningar, för att förstå fenomenet magnetiska hål bättre. Cluster tillhandahåller över 20 års data, med varierande avstånd mellan satelliterna. Ibland är avståndet mellan satelliterna sådan att den ena satelliten befinner sig i solvinden medan en andra är i magnetoskiktet. I dessa fall har vi identifierat samma MH i solvinden och senare i magnetoskiktet, vilket tyder på att de kan korsa bogchocken (PaperI). Med hjälp av Cluster-databasen har vi identifierat tillfällen då samma MH observerades med alla fyra satelliter. Genom att tillämpa en tidsanalys på en delmängd av dessa har vi härlett deras hastighet och drar slutsatsen att de konvekteras med solvindens hastighet (Paper II). När samma MH observeras av alla fyra satelliterna i solvinden, baserat på rymdfarkostens separation, har man fyra mätpunkter åtskilda av avstånd jämförbara med storleken på MH. Dessa observationer kan kombineras med en lokal koordinattransformation och en modell för att uppskatta skalstorlekarna för MH och härleda information om MH tredimensionella morfologi (Paper III). Ett stort antal händelser identifierades, och resultaten kombinerades för att ge en statistisk analys av morfologin för solvindens magnetiska hål (Paper IV).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. , p. vi, 59
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:32
Keywords [en]
solar wind, plasma, magnetic holes, multipoint measurements, Cluster satellites
Keywords [sv]
solvinden, plasma, magnetiska hål, flerpunktsmätningar, Cluster-missionen
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361132ISBN: 978-91-8106-223-6 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-361132DiVA, id: diva2:1943976
Public defence
2025-04-03, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/66900145957, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26 & 28, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish National Space Board, 190/19
Note

QC 20250312

Available from: 2025-03-12 Created: 2025-03-12 Last updated: 2025-03-25Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Solar wind magnetic holes can cross the bow shock and enter the magnetosheath
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Solar wind magnetic holes can cross the bow shock and enter the magnetosheath
Show others...
2022 (English)In: Annales Geophysicae, ISSN 0992-7689, E-ISSN 1432-0576, Vol. 40, no 6, p. 687-699Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Solar wind magnetic holes are localized depressions of the magnetic field strength, on timescales of seconds to minutes. We use Cluster multipoint measurements to identify 26 magnetic holes which are observed just upstream of the bow shock and, a short time later, downstream in the magnetosheath, thus showing that they can penetrate the bow shock and enter the magnetosheath. For two magnetic holes, we show that the relation between upstream and downstream properties of the magnetic holes are well described by the MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) Rankine-Hugoniot (RH) jump conditions. We also present a small statistical investigation of the correlation between upstream and downstream observations of some properties of the magnetic holes. The temporal scale size and magnetic field rotation across the magnetic holes are very similar for the upstream and downstream observations, while the depth of the magnetic holes varies more. The results are consistent with the interpretation that magnetic holes in Earth's and Mercury's magnetosheath are of solar wind origin, as has previously been suggested. Since the solar wind magnetic holes can enter the magnetosheath, they may also interact with the magnetopause, representing a new type of localized solar wind-magnetosphere interaction.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Copernicus GmbH, 2022
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-322880 (URN)10.5194/angeo-40-687-2022 (DOI)000899142300001 ()2-s2.0-85145449380 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230126

Available from: 2023-01-26 Created: 2023-01-26 Last updated: 2025-03-12Bibliographically approved
2. Velocity of magnetic holes in the solar wind from Cluster multipoint measurements
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Velocity of magnetic holes in the solar wind from Cluster multipoint measurements
2023 (English)In: Annales Geophysicae, ISSN 0992-7689, E-ISSN 1432-0576, Vol. 41, no 2, p. 327-337Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

We present the first statistical study on the velocity of magnetic holes (MHs) in the solar wind. Magnetic holes are localized depressions of the magnetic field, often divided into two classes: rotational and linear MHs. We have conducted a timing analysis of observations of MHs from the Cluster mission in the first quarter of 2005. In total, 69 events were used; out of these, there were 40 linear and 29 rotational MHs, where the limit of magnetic field rotation was set to 50 degrees. The resulting median velocity was 7.4 +/- 45 and 25 +/- 42 km s(-1) for linear and rotational MHs, respectively. For both classes, around 70% of the events had a velocity in the solar wind frame that was lower than the Alfven velocity. Therefore, we conclude that within the observational uncertainties, both linear and rotational MHs are convected with the solar wind.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Copernicus GmbH, 2023
National Category
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-335935 (URN)10.5194/angeo-41-327-2023 (DOI)001052125700001 ()2-s2.0-85172935069 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230911

Available from: 2023-09-11 Created: 2023-09-11 Last updated: 2025-03-12Bibliographically approved
3. Morphology of magnetic holes: Methodology and case studies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Morphology of magnetic holes: Methodology and case studies
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Magnetic holes have been studied for decades, but their three-dimensional structure has not been thoroughly investigated until now. We have identified solar wind magnetic holes observed simultaneously by the four Cluster spacecraft. By transforming the observations into a local coordinate system and identifying a principal axis, we fit the results to a three-dimensional Gaussian model to estimate their scales. We present four events that highlight the various aspects of this method, emphasizing the critical role of coordinate system selection in the analysis. The principal axis of the holes varied, and in three out of four cases, were not aligned with the magnetic field, instead forming angles between 50 and 80 degrees, suggesting that magnetic holes are not necessarily oriented along the magnetic field. Finally, our analysis reveals that the scale of the holes along one direction is significantly longer than along the other two, suggesting an elongated ellipsoid as a typical shape for their morphology.

National Category
Physical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361129 (URN)10.22541/essoar.174112313.34918866/v1 (DOI)
Note

QC 20250312

Available from: 2025-03-12 Created: 2025-03-12 Last updated: 2025-03-12Bibliographically approved
4. Statistical analysis of the morphology of magnetic holes in the solar wind at 1 AU
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Statistical analysis of the morphology of magnetic holes in the solar wind at 1 AU
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361130 (URN)
Note

QC 20250312

Available from: 2025-03-12 Created: 2025-03-12 Last updated: 2025-03-12Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

fulltext(2930 kB)110 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 2930 kBChecksum SHA-512
c952bc20d9b44fc244d6cd1f45051a488629e089765c8cc53a7716683719b5d2753983f788b7a4840799a7ac126014dce1daf8a3b21780c304aa6bc690d0d5fb
Type summaryMimetype application/pdf

Authority records

Trollvik, Henriette

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Trollvik, Henriette
By organisation
Space and Plasma Physics
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 901 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf