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Short-term antibiotic treatment has differing long-term impacts on the human throat and gut microbiome
Swedish Inst Infect Dis, Dept Bacteriol ; Uppsala Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Evolutionary Biol Ctr.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3627-6899
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2010 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 5, no 3, p. e9836-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Antibiotic administration is the standard treatment for the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the main causative agent of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. However, the long-term consequences of this treatment on the human indigenous microbiota are relatively unexplored. Here we studied short- and long-term effects of clarithromycin and metronidazole treatment, a commonly used therapy regimen against H. pylori, on the indigenous microbiota in the throat and in the lower intestine. The bacterial compositions in samples collected over a four-year period were monitored by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene using 454-based pyrosequencing and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). While the microbial communities of untreated control subjects were relatively stable over time, dramatic shifts were observed one week after antibiotic treatment with reduced bacterial diversity in all treated subjects in both locations. While the microbiota of the different subjects responded uniquely to the antibiotic treatment some general trends could be observed; such as a dramatic decline in Actinobacteria in both throat and feces immediately after treatment. Although the diversity of the microbiota subsequently recovered to resemble the pre treatment states, the microbiota remained perturbed in some cases for up to four years post treatment. In addition, four years after treatment high levels of the macrolide resistance gene erm(B) were found, indicating that antibiotic resistance, once selected for, can persist for longer periods of time than previously recognized. This highlights the importance of a restrictive antibiotic usage in order to prevent subsequent treatment failure and potential spread of antibiotic resistance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2010. Vol. 5, no 3, p. e9836-
Keywords [en]
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use, Case-Control Studies, Clarithromycin/administration & dosage, Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics, Dyspepsia/drug therapy, Feces, Gastrointestinal Tract/*drug effects/*microbiology, Humans, Metronidazole/administration & dosage, Oligonucleotides/genetics, Omeprazole/administration & dosage, Pharynx/*drug effects/*microbiology, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics, Time Factors
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Natural Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-80952DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009836ISI: 000275894500009PubMedID: 20352091Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-78049494788OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-80952DiVA, id: diva2:496974
Note

Jakobsson, Hedvig E Jernberg, Cecilia Andersson, Anders F Sjolund-Karlsson, Maria Jansson, Janet K Engstrand, Lars Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States PloS one PLoS One. 2010 Mar 24;5(3):e9836. QC 20120213

Available from: 2012-02-10 Created: 2012-02-10 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved

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