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Correspondence Estimation in Human Face and Posture Images
KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Computer Vision and Active Perception, CVAP. (Computer Vision)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4181-2753
2014 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Many computer vision tasks such as object detection, pose estimation,and alignment are directly related to the estimation of correspondences overinstances of an object class. Other tasks such as image classification andverification if not completely solved can largely benefit from correspondenceestimation. This thesis presents practical approaches for tackling the corre-spondence estimation problem with an emphasis on deformable objects.Different methods presented in this thesis greatly vary in details but theyall use a combination of generative and discriminative modeling to estimatethe correspondences from input images in an efficient manner. While themethods described in this work are generic and can be applied to any object,two classes of objects of high importance namely human body and faces arethe subjects of our experimentations.When dealing with human body, we are mostly interested in estimating asparse set of landmarks – specifically we are interested in locating the bodyjoints. We use pictorial structures to model the articulation of the body partsgeneratively and learn efficient discriminative models to localize the parts inthe image. This is a common approach explored by many previous works. Wefurther extend this hybrid approach by introducing higher order terms to dealwith the double-counting problem and provide an algorithm for solving theresulting non-convex problem efficiently. In another work we explore the areaof multi-view pose estimation where we have multiple calibrated cameras andwe are interested in determining the pose of a person in 3D by aggregating2D information. This is done efficiently by discretizing the 3D search spaceand use the 3D pictorial structures model to perform the inference.In contrast to the human body, faces have a much more rigid structureand it is relatively easy to detect the major parts of the face such as eyes,nose and mouth, but performing dense correspondence estimation on facesunder various poses and lighting conditions is still challenging. In a first workwe deal with this variation by partitioning the face into multiple parts andlearning separate regressors for each part. In another work we take a fullydiscriminative approach and learn a global regressor from image to landmarksbut to deal with insufficiency of training data we augment it by a large numberof synthetic images. While we have shown great performance on the standardface datasets for performing correspondence estimation, in many scenariosthe RGB signal gets distorted as a result of poor lighting conditions andbecomes almost unusable. This problem is addressed in another work wherewe explore use of depth signal for dense correspondence estimation. Hereagain a hybrid generative/discriminative approach is used to perform accuratecorrespondence estimation in real-time.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2014. , p. vii, 32
Series
TRITA-CSC-A, ISSN 1653-5723 ; 2014:14
National Category
Computer Vision and Robotics (Autonomous Systems)
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150115ISBN: 978-91-7595-261-1 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-150115DiVA, id: diva2:745607
Public defence
2014-10-10, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, KTH, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20140919

Available from: 2014-09-19 Created: 2014-08-29 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Face Alignment with Part-Based Modeling
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Face Alignment with Part-Based Modeling
2011 (English)In: BMVC 2011 - Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2011 / [ed] Hoey, Jesse and McKenna, Stephen and Trucco, Emanuele, UK: British Machine Vision Association, BMVA , 2011, p. 27.1-27.10Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We propose a new method for face alignment with part-based modeling. This method is competitive in terms of precision with existing methods such as Active Appearance Models, but is more robust and has a superior generalization ability due to its part-based nature. A variation of the Histogram of Oriented Gradients descriptor is used to model the appearance of each part and the shape information is represented with a set of landmark points around the major facial features. Multiple linear regression models are learnt to estimate the position of the landmarks from the appearance of each part. We verify our algorithm with a set of experiments on human faces and these show the competitive performance of our method compared to existing methods.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
UK: British Machine Vision Association, BMVA, 2011
Keywords
Linear regression, Active appearance models, Competitive performance, Facial feature, Generalization ability, Histogram of oriented gradients, Multiple linear regression models, Part-based models, Shape information
National Category
Computer Vision and Robotics (Autonomous Systems)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-45452 (URN)10.5244/C.25.27 (DOI)000346360200030 ()2-s2.0-84898413537 (Scopus ID)1-901725-43-X (ISBN)
Conference
2011 22nd British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2011, Dundee, United Kingdom, 29 August 2011 through 2 September 2011
Note

QC 20111116

Available from: 2011-10-28 Created: 2011-10-28 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
2. Using Richer Models for Articulated Pose Estimation of Footballers
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Using Richer Models for Articulated Pose Estimation of Footballers
2012 (English)In: Proceedings British Machine Vision Conference 2012., 2012, p. 6.1-6.10Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We present a fully automatic procedure for reconstructing the pose of a person in 3Dfrom images taken from multiple views. We demonstrate a novel approach for learningmore complex models using SVM-Rank, to reorder a set of high scoring configurations.The new model in many cases can resolve the problem of double counting of limbswhich happens often in the pictorial structure based models. We address the problemof flipping ambiguity to find the correct correspondences of 2D predictions across allviews. We obtain improvements for 2D prediction over the state of art methods on ourdataset. We show that the results in many cases are good enough for a fully automatic3D reconstruction with uncalibrated cameras.

National Category
Computer Vision and Robotics (Autonomous Systems)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104558 (URN)10.5244/C.26.6 (DOI)000346356200003 ()2-s2.0-84898491407 (Scopus ID)1-901725-46-4 (ISBN)
Conference
British Machine Vision Conference, Surrey,3-7 September 2012
Note

QC 20121114

Available from: 2012-11-14 Created: 2012-11-05 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
3. Multi-view body part recognition with random forests
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multi-view body part recognition with random forests
2013 (English)In: BMVC 2013 - Electronic Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2013, Bristol, England: British Machine Vision Association , 2013Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper addresses the problem of human pose estimation, given images taken from multiple dynamic but calibrated cameras. We consider solving this task using a part-based model and focus on the part appearance component of such a model. We use a random forest classifier to capture the variation in appearance of body parts in 2D images. The result of these 2D part detectors are then aggregated across views to produce consistent 3D hypotheses for parts. We solve correspondences across views for mirror symmetric parts by introducing a latent variable. We evaluate our part detectors qualitatively and quantitatively on a dataset gathered from a professional football game.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Bristol, England: British Machine Vision Association, 2013
Keywords
Data processing, Decision trees, Motion estimation, Body part recognition, Calibrated cameras, Football game, Human pose estimations, Latent variable, Part-based models, Random forest classifier, Random forests
National Category
Computer Vision and Robotics (Autonomous Systems)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-134190 (URN)10.5244/C.27.48 (DOI)000346352700045 ()2-s2.0-84898413079 (Scopus ID)
Conference
2013 24th British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2013; Bristol; United Kingdom; 9 September 2013 through 13 September 2013
Funder
EU, FP7, Seventh Framework Programme
Note

QC 20131217

Available from: 2013-11-19 Created: 2013-11-19 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
4. One Millisecond Face Alignment with an Ensemble of Regression Trees
Open this publication in new window or tab >>One Millisecond Face Alignment with an Ensemble of Regression Trees
2014 (English)In: 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE Computer Society, 2014, p. 1867-1874Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper addresses the problem of Face Alignment for a single image. We show how an ensemble of regression trees can be used to estimate the face's landmark positions directly from a sparse subset of pixel intensities, achieving super-realtime performance with high quality predictions. We present a general framework based on gradient boosting for learning an ensemble of regression trees that optimizes the sum of square error loss and naturally handles missing or partially labelled data. We show how using appropriate priors exploiting the structure of image data helps with efficient feature selection. Different regularization strategies and its importance to combat overfitting are also investigated. In addition, we analyse the effect of the quantity of training data on the accuracy of the predictions and explore the effect of data augmentation using synthesized data.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE Computer Society, 2014
Series
IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Proceedings, ISSN 1063-6919
Keywords
Decision Trees, Face Alignment, Gradient Boosting, Real-Time
National Category
Computer Vision and Robotics (Autonomous Systems)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144334 (URN)10.1109/CVPR.2014.241 (DOI)000361555601116 ()2-s2.0-84911391543 (Scopus ID)978-147995117-8 (ISBN)
Conference
27th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2014, Columbus, United States, 23 June 2014 through 28 June 2014
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research , 6246
Note

QC 20140423

Available from: 2014-04-20 Created: 2014-04-20 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
5. Real-time Face Reconstruction from a Single Depth Image
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Real-time Face Reconstruction from a Single Depth Image
Show others...
2014 (English)In: Proceedings - 2014 International Conference on 3D Vision, 3DV 2014, IEEE conference proceedings, 2014, p. 369-376Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper contributes a real time method for recovering facial shape and expression from a single depth image. The method also estimates an accurate and dense correspondence field between the input depth image and a generic face model. Both outputs are a result of minimizing the error in reconstructing the depth image, achieved by applying a set of identity and expression blend shapes to the model. Traditionally, such a generative approach has shown to be computationally expensive and non-robust because of the non-linear nature of the reconstruction error. To overcome this problem, we use a discriminatively trained prediction pipeline that employs random forests to generate an initial dense but noisy correspondence field. Our method then exploits a fast ICP-like approximation to update these correspondences, allowing us to quickly obtain a robust initial fit of our model. The model parameters are then fine tuned to minimize the true reconstruction error using a stochastic optimization technique. The correspondence field resulting from our hybrid generative-discriminative pipeline is accurate and useful for a variety of applications such as mesh deformation and retexturing. Our method works in real-time on a single depth image i.e. without temporal tracking, is free from per-user calibration, and works in low-light conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE conference proceedings, 2014
National Category
Computer Vision and Robotics (Autonomous Systems)
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150827 (URN)10.1109/3DV.2014.93 (DOI)2-s2.0-84925299755 (Scopus ID)9781479970018 (ISBN)
Conference
2014 2nd International Conference on 3D Vision, 3DV 2014; The University of TokyoTokyo; Japan; 8 December 2014 through 11 December 2014
Note

QC 20140911

Available from: 2014-09-10 Created: 2014-09-10 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved

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Kazemi, Vahid

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