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  • 1.
    Abbasi, Mazhar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Dawit Ghebreigziabher, Kibret
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Objektklassificerad modellering och effektivisering avmängduttag2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The lack of fluent communication in the building industry has caught people’s attention because of

    time-based costs appearing in 2D and 3D modelling and takeoffs. These costs emerge in construction

    when miscommunication takes place between professionals in different projects.

    A research study of the subject has revealed the reason behind the current days’ miscommunication

    issues. The study shows that although the professionals tend to have an efficient way of working, the

    result isn’t very beneficial for the next man. Therefore a conclusion of the issue creates a demand for a

    mutual language in modelling and better softwares for takeoffs.

    This report’s results, with regards to optimization of modeling, has brought to light the use for the

    objectclassificationsystem BIP. These BIP-codes are used for branding objects in models of which the

    branding consists of unique codes. The code of every individual object has the purpose of being

    recognized by every project member and remain the same throughout the project.

    The proposal for the optimization of takeoffs is a software called VICO Office. The software contains

    well-advised methods for the import of models and close to automated takeoffs of these models.

    In conclusion, the study implies that there is sufficient motive to question the old ways of working and

    that light should be shed on new approaches. Technology and the industry face a constant change and

    the efficiency of current methods are never far away.

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  • 2.
    Abbasi, Mozaffer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Analys och implementering av VSL-System i FEM-Design för kontroll av stabiliserande effekt: En undersökning i syfte att fastlägga effekten av VSL-kablar i FEM-Design för att utvärdera dess stabiliserande påverkan.2014Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 3.
    Abdali, Yasser
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Holm, Lovisa
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    En jämförelse mellan Tekla Structures och Civil 3D i krökta betongkonstruktioner2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Within the construction industry, there is a lot of discussion around BIM (Building InformationModelling). There is a need to move away from customized 2D-drawings and instead focus oninformative models which can be used throughout the whole cycle of construction. This developmenthas been ongoing within house construction, but this approach is harder to implement within thefacility sector.The difficulty in implementing a more BIM-oriented approach within construction is partly due tosoftware currently not being fully developed to create informative and reliable models of constructionswith complex geometries, such as bridges.Since Trafikverket, the largest construction developer within Sweden, has started to place a largerdemand on 3D there is a need for both technology and human resource to develop.The aim of this dissertation is to present a case study investigating the suitability of the software TeklaStructure and AutoCAD Civil 3D to perform a 3D-model of a double-curved bridge. The two pieces ofsoftware will be contrasted in a final comparison whereby both pros and cons will be presented.The study has made it clear that BIM is not just about creating an informative model, but it is alsoabout an approach which has the ability to completely change the construction sector to work morecollaboratively and effectively.The comparison between the two relevant software in this study shows that they both have strengthsand weaknesses and are suitable for our purpose. However, they differ in how detailed models theycan create and how well they have the ability to work with BIM to a greater extent.

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  • 4.
    Abdinasser, Ahmed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Tabatabaei, Sara
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Samverkan av jord och ovanliggande struktur i FEM-program: En studie av nya jordmodeller I FE-programmet 3D- Structure2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    De senaste åren har det funnits olika företag som har tillverkat avancerade mjukvaror inom byggbranschen. En del av mjukvaror är avsedd att skapa 2D ritningar och 3D modeller. Med hjälp av dessa verktyg har ingenjörer och arkitekter snabbt och enkelt skapat ritningar och modeller för projektering av konstruktioner. Utvecklingen inom detta område kallas BIM. Byggnadsinformationsmodellering, BIM, stödjer design av en byggnad genom alla faser och möjliggör bättre konstruktions-, tillverknings- och inköpsaktiviteter.

    Andra mjukvaror är tilltänkt att förutse hur en struktur reagerar på verkliga laster, vibrationer, värme och andra fysiska effekter. För detta används finita elementmetod, där kommer strukturen analyseras i element för ett noggrannare resultat. En utveckling inom detta område har också skett. Företaget Strusoft AB utvecklar FE-verktyg för analys av struktur. Den senaste nyheten är modul för beräkning av samverkan mellan struktur, grundläggning och undergrunden i form av jord. Modulen kallas 3D-Soil och används enligt Strusoft för modellering och analys av geokonstruktioner.

    I denna rapport redovisas modellering av en struktur och underliggande jord med finit elementanalysprogrammet, FEM-Design som är försett med den nya modulen 3D-Soil för geotekniska beräkningar.

    Målet är att jämföra resultat för moment utifrån samverkanskrafter mellan jord och struktur i FEM-Design med ett annat FEM-program, Lusas. Till skillnad från FEM-Design appliceras jord- och vattentryck som utbredd last i Lusas.

    Resultaten visar att det finns signifikanta skillnader mellan resultaten från analysprogrammen och det finns begränsningar i modelleringsverktyget som behöver utvecklas vidare.

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  • 5.
    Abdulkhalik, Lauko
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Samuelsson, Paula
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Ekonomiska konsekvenser vid stambyten som berör skyddsrum: -en förtydligande studie av fyra typfall2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Det här examensarbetet behandlar stambyten som passerar skyddsrum.Skyddsrum användas som skyddsutrymme för människor vid behov under nödsituationer. Deflesta skyddsrummen byggdes under 1951-1974 och de är i behov av underhåll ochrenovering.På grund av strikta lagar blir alla renoveringar som berör skyddsrum väldigt kostsamma förfastighetsägare.Studien undersöker fyra typfall av renoveringar och reder ut lagar. Förhoppningsvis blir deanvändbart för fastighetsägare för att förstå kostnaderna kring stambyten som berörskyddsrum.

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  • 6.
    Abed, Mohamad Samir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Hosseinzade, Azita
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Parameterstyrd projektering av broar: Koppling mellan Rhinoceros-Grasshopper och Tekla Structures2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    New methods for project designing in the building construction industry have been developed by introducing modern and powerful BIM tools. Several of today’s constructions are designed according to three-dimensional principles.Tekla Structures is a powerful BIM tool that is capable of managing both house and infrastructure constructions. Despite this, the program cannot handle bridges with a horizontal and vertical curvature efficiently. The designers must instead rely on several other applications to manage complex bridge constructions.In order to use the advantages of Tekla Structures, the software needs to be evolved or complimented by other third party softwares. This project aims to integrate new working technics and introduce a method based on parametric design in Tekla Structures. Such form of modeling enables the modification of parameters to a desired model for the user.A script is created through a visual programming extension that generates a parametric based bridge models. The bridge type in this project was designed, is an integral bridge.The project has proved that parametric based design is more effectively and a solution to manage bridges with horizontal and vertical curvature.

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  • 7.
    Abrigian, Mari
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Almqvist Gärtner, Daniel
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Möjligheter och utmaningar med internationella inköp: En studie av internationella inköp2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The construction industry in Sweden today are facing a major challenge in building society and following the pace of population growth. Rising material prices are today a fact, and at the same time there is a lack of capacity at the Swedish suppliers as they are bound up in supplier agreements for the coming years. The largest construction companies in Sweden have been working strategically with international suppliers for a long time to increase their margins and to secure their material needs.

    BTH Bygg AB is today a company that builds, renovates and maintains real estate in Stockholm. The company has expanded in recent years and is committed to strong growth by 2020. Work on international purchasing has previously been limited to BTH Bygg, but this type of purchase is today seen as a necessity to continued growth and to be competitive in that part of Sweden where most is built.

    The purpose of this study is to analyze BTH Bygg's existing purchasing process to further develop and propose improvements with international procurement as a starting point.

    The study has been conducted with the help of interviews to get a complete picture of the issues of international purchasing. BTH Bygg AB has a strong organization with a lot of experience related to the subject area, and focus has been on compiling these in order to come up with suggestions and ideas on how to handle international purchases. Recommendations are focused on areas related to supplier assessment, communication, logistics and product selection.

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  • 8.
    Acuña, José
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Distributed thermal response tests: New insights on U-pipe and Coaxial heat exchangers in groundwater-filled boreholes2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    U-pipe Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE) are widely used today in ground source heating and cooling systems in spite of their less than optimal performance. This thesis provides a better understanding on the function of U-pipe BHEs and Investigates alternative methods to reduce the temperature difference between the circulating fluid and the borehole wall, including one thermosyphon and three different types of coaxial BHEs.

    Field tests are performed using distributed temperature measurements along U-pipe and coaxial heat exchangers installed in groundwater filled boreholes. The measurements are carried out during heat injection thermal response tests and during short heat extraction periods using heat pumps. Temperatures are measured inside the secondary fluid path, in the groundwater, and at the borehole wall. These type of temperature measurements were until now missing.

    A new method for testing borehole heat exchangers, Distributed Thermal Response Test (DTRT), has been proposed and demonstrated in U-pipe, pipe-in-pipe, and multi-pipe BHE designs. The method allows the quantification of the BHE performance at a local level.

    The operation of a U-pipe thermosyphon BHE consisting of an insulated down-comer and a larger riser pipe using CO2 as a secondary fluid has been demonstrated in a groundwater filled borehole, 70 m deep. It was found that the CO2 may be sub-cooled at the bottom and that it flows upwards through the riser in liquid state until about 30 m depth, where it starts to evaporate.

    Various power levels and different volumetric flow rates have been imposed to the tested BHEs and used to calculate local ground thermal conductivities and thermal resistances. The local ground thermal conductivities, preferably evaluated at thermal recovery conditions during DTRTs, were found to vary with depth. Local and effective borehole thermal resistances in most heat exchangers have been calculated, and their differences have been discussed in an effort to suggest better methods for interpretation of data from field tests.

    Large thermal shunt flow between down- and up-going flow channels was identified in all heat exchanger types, particularly at low volumetric flow rates, except in a multi-pipe BHE having an insulated central pipe where the thermal contact between down- and up-coming fluid was almost eliminated.

    At relatively high volumetric flow rates, U-pipe BHEs show a nearly even distribution of the heat transfer between the ground and the secondary fluid along the depth. The same applies to all coaxial BHEs as long as the flow travels downwards through the central pipe. In the opposite flow direction, an uneven power distribution was measured in multi-chamber and multi-pipe BHEs.

    Pipe-in-pipe and multi-pipe coaxial heat exchangers show significantly lower local borehole resistances than U-pipes, ranging in average between 0.015 and 0.040 Km/W. These heat exchangers can significantly decrease the temperature difference between the secondary fluid and the ground and may allow the use of plain water as secondary fluid, an alternative to typical antifreeze aqueous solutions. The latter was demonstrated in a pipe-in-pipe BHE having an effective resistance of about 0.030 Km/W.

    Forced convection in the groundwater achieved by injecting nitrogen bubbles was found to reduce the local thermal resistance in U-pipe BHEs by about 30% during heat injection conditions. The temperatures inside the groundwater are homogenized while injecting the N2, and no radial temperature gradients are then identified. The fluid to groundwater thermal resistance during forced convection was measured to be 0.036 Km/W. This resistance varied between this value and 0.072 Km/W during natural convection conditions in the groundwater, being highest during heat pump operation at temperatures close to the water density maximum.

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    José Acuña - Doctoral Thesis
  • 9.
    Adnan Alromi, Sandra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Singh Sidhu, Jivi
    Arbetsberedning som verktyg för att förbättra arbetsmiljön2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    To safely and effectively carry through within the construction industry, planning plays an important part. Work preparation is one form of planning. When using the model of work preparations, one analyzes the specific work preparation with the intent and goal to carry through the labor within the beforehand estimated time, budget and quality, while still maintaining satisfying work environment.The aim of this paper is to, from a perspective of work environment, map out how NCC: s work preparations function today. The goal is to provide suggestions for improvement. This can be done by performing interviews and surveys on the NCC employees.The results indicate that the staff of NCC see work preparation as a helping aid in improving work environment. However, there are also shortcomings in the way work preparations are done at NCC, and these could be improved. We therefore recommend NCC to make improvements in the planning, realization and the follow-up phase when setting up a work preparation. Our suggestions for improvement can be found under “recommendations”.

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  • 10.
    Af Klintberg, Albin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Åkehag, Jonny
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Träbjälklag med tung fyllning: Bjälklag framtaget med inspiration av byggteknik från sekelskiftet 1800–19002017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report investigates the possibilities of using residual products as sound insulation in apartment

    separating timber floors with a span of 6 m. One step towards meeting the Swedish construction

    industry's zero vision for carbon dioxide emissions is to build more using timber and to reuse/recycle

    residual products. The Swedish building contractor Skanska has at its quarries a surplus of material in

    the form of crushed rock of the 0 - 0.2 mm fraction and crushed residual concrete. In this report, a

    prototype of a timber floor has been produced with influences of construction technology from the

    turn of the 19

    th century regarding the use of heavy filling as sound insulation in timber floors.

    The developed floor prototype complies with the requirements set in BBR after dimensioning

    according the Eurocodes regarding fire safety, strength, sagging and deflection. According to a

    simulation in SEAWood, a tool for acoustic simulation which is under development at RISE Research

    Institutes of Sweden the requirements for sound insulation are also met, which is supported by

    analyzes made by comparing with data on similar timber floors. The high mass of the filling material

    implies that the prototype is a low frequency floor, this in conjunction with the simulation only being

    an indication of sound insulation properties, it will require practical tests to determine the prototypes

    sound insulating and dynamic properties.

    The developed floor prototype is suitable for prefabrication thanks to a design with few components.

    Prefabrication of the floor has in addition to the economic benefits it brings great benefits from a

    working environment perspective and is also beneficial from a moisture point of view.

    To estimate the environmental impact of the timber flooring, a simple comparison was made with a

    prefabricated concrete floor which showed that carbon dioxide emissions up to the using phase were

    more than twice that of the concrete floor than for the prototype floor.

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  • 11.
    af Klintberg, Tord
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Björk, Folke
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Finlands åtgärder mot arbetslivskriminalitet, människohandel och grå ekonomi2024Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 12.
    af Klintberg, Tord
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sustainable Buildings.
    Björk, Folke
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sustainable Buildings.
    Rättvist Byggande byggkriminalitet och Sveriges sekretesslagstiftning2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien bygger på intervjuer och samtal med 64 personer hos bl. a. myndigheter & fastighetsbolag.

    Byggkriminaliteten belastar samhället på flera olika sätt. Personer i utsatta lägen, exempelvis pappers-lösa, blir utnyttjade genom att få arbeta långa dagar med låg lön, ofta under ofta farliga förhållanden. Dessutom blir hederliga byggbolag utkonkurrerade då kriminella bolag kan vinna upphandlingar, genom låga anbud. Kriminella bolag försöker sedan få till ytterligare intäkter, exempelvis genom att ge dåliga leveranser, som i sin tur genererar dem intäkter i form av ändrings- och tilläggsarbeten. Detta visar i sin tur att byggnadskvaliteten blir försämrad av de kriminella bolagens aktivitet. Vidare går svenska staten miste om betydande skatteintäkter. Kriminella bolag gör å sin sida stora vinster och dessa vinster kan sedan användas till annan aktivitet, exempelvis att köpa upp hederliga bolag. Vår analys är att ekonomisk vinning är ytterst centralt för kriminella bolag, samtidigt som de gärna vill framställa sig som ytterst hederliga. Därför är det möjligt att bekämpa dem ur ett ekonomiskt pers-pektiv, Här har det dock visat sig att Sveriges befintliga sekretesslagstiftning utgör ett operativt hinder.

    Dagens svenska sekretesslagstiftning grundar sig på farhågor som fanns på 1970-talet, att Sverige skulle förvandlas till Oceanien i Orwells 1984 genom att myndigheterna samkörde sina register. Sekretesslagstiftningen skapades 1979/80, i syfte att försvara den personliga integriteten, men lagen förhindrar nu att myndigheter på en löpande basis samarbetar mot kriminella bolag. Detta gäller även Skatteverkets olika enheter där Skattebrotts- och Beskattningsenheterna inte löpande får samarbeta mot kriminalitet. Föreslag har lagts fram att lagen ska ändras, så att myndigheter får samarbeta, men frågan har till slut behandlats som en mer avgränsad integritetsfråga ur en strikt juridisk synvinkel.

     Vi frågar oss om Regeringar och Justitiedepartement har ägt tillräcklig insikt eller kraft för att förbereda förslag, vilka kan ligga till grund för lagstiftning, som är operativ mot byggkriminalitet, men även tar hänsyn till integritet. Att försvara den personliga integriteten är vällovligt, men det är stötande att skärpt lagstiftning mot arbetslivskriminalitet inte utvecklas, därför att ett fåtal remissinstanser vill stoppa sådana lagar med ett snävt integritetsförsvar. Detta får en stor negativ påverkan på Sveriges förmåga att agera mot byggkriminaliteten. 

     

    Till skillnad från Sverige så har Finland en lagstiftning, som tillåter finska myndigheter att operativt agera mot kriminella företag. Den finska Skatteförvaltningen erhåller information om byggarbetares arbetsgivarsamband och arbetstid, om byggentreprenörers fakturering, samt gängse deklarationer. Dessutom kan den finska Skatteförvaltningens olika enheter samarbeta löpande med varandra utan sekretesshinder, vilket det svenska Skatteverket är förhindrat att göra. Man kan fråga sig om Finlands system är farligt för den personliga integriteten för människorna i Finland? 

     I ljuset av Sveriges nuvarande bekymmer avseende arbetslivskriminalitet och arbetskraftsutnyttjande bör en forskargrupp etableras, knuten till Justitiedepartementet, där juridik- och samhällsforskare samarbetar i syfte att lägga fram underlag till en ny sekretesslag. I det sammanhanget vore det intressant att studera forskningsinstitutet HEUNIs verksamhet vid Finlands Justitiedepartement. 

     Intervjupersoner i denna studie anser att Rättvist Byggande är ett bra initiativ av Stockholmshem, som tar ett utökat byggherreansvar. Det är dock huvudentreprenören, som ska ta  ansvar för arbetsplatsen. Andra renodlade byggherrar ansluter sig nu till initiativet vilket är bra. Rättvist Byggande kommer framför allt åt den kriminalitet, som består av att fel personer befinner sig på bygget och Stockholmshem har rätt att utestänga byggbolag som missköter sig från kommande upphandlingar. 

     Sammantaget finns flera organisationer som genomför viktigt arbete med kontroller mot byggkrimina-litet. Kontroll kostar dock pengar att genomföra, vilket exempelvis påverkar ett fastighetsbolags eko-nomi och i slutändan kommer att betalas av de boende. Om Sverige hade Finlands system där Skatte-förvaltningen har tillgång till siffror på antal anställda för varje entreprenör, entreprenörernas faktu-rering och samband mellan arbetsgivare och arbetstagare, så skulle kontrollen bli enklare och ändå tjäna samma syfte. Brottsbekämpningen skulle bli mer kraftfull och ge en större samlad effekt än vad enskilda goda initiativ kan ge. Det skulle dessutom ge färre förluster för statskassan, stödja hederliga byggföretag och på sikt relativt sett förmodligen ge lägre boendekostnader. Vi frågar oss hur mycket Sveriges arbetsgivaravgifter och inkomstskatter skulle öka om det finska systemet skulle införas.

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    Rättvist Byggande
  • 13.
    Afshar, Samim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Alaoui, Youssef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Jämförelser mellan massivträ- och betongstommar i flerbostadshus: Bedömning av byggtid, väderkänslighet, arbetsmiljö, bekant byggteknik, installation, projektering, spännvidder, flexibilitet, brandsäkerhet, ljudisolering och fuktsäkerhet.2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 14.
    Ahlfors, JOhanna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Häggdahl, Josefin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Framtidens modulskola: En jämförande studie av arbetsmiljön i en tillfällig och en befintlig skolbyggnad2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 15.
    Ahmad, Roman
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Chammoun, Johan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Optimering av den svenska metoden fördimensionering av betongbeläggningar på flygfält2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sverige har länge använt beläggningsytor av asfalt på grund av dess flexibla

    egenskaper som är lämpliga för det svenska klimatet. Historiskt sett har Sverige

    haft låg trafikmängd vilket inte gett utrymme för utvecklingen av betong som

    beläggning i vägar.

    Trafikmängden har sedan ett par år tillbaka ökat markant och det kan därför hända

    att det kommer att byggas betongvägar i huvudleder. Emellertid är erfarenheten i

    Sverige så pass låg att utveckling av nuvarande metoder fordras. USA har länge

    brukat betongvägar i stor skala och har betydligt större mängd betongvägar i

    motsats till Sverige, som har mindre än 1 %. Den ökade trafikmängden speglas

    även på flygplatser.

    I den här studien jämförs den svenska dimensioneringsmetoden för

    betongbeläggning på flygfält (Strand, 2016) med den amerikanska

    dimensioneringsmetoden i syfte att optimera den svenska metoden.

    Den svenska dimensioneringsmetoden (Strand, 2016) som denna studie behandlar

    är förenklad och baserad på gamla teorier. Metoden framställs genom äldre

    litteraturstudier men kombineras även med aktuell litteratur. Den amerikanska

    metoden används genom dess egna datorprogram kallad FAARFIELD där alla

    beräkningar görs med hänsyn till dess normer och krav.

    Dimensioneringen sker för lasten från Airbus A380 med 365 avgångar per år

    enligt Swedavias förväntningar. Oarmerade betongplattor med 350 till 450 mm

    tjocklek med betongkvaliteten C35/45 klarar inte av utmattningskriteriet. Däremot

    klarar likadana plattor med betongkvalitén C60/75 utmattningskraven och

    fungerar utmärkt som beläggning på uppställningsplatser och rullbana. Vid

    dimensionering enligt den amerikanska metoden visar resultaten att plattorna blir

    både tjockare och tunnare än den svenska metoden beroende på vilken

    betongkvalite som används.

    Den svenska metoden förutsätter en del förenklingar vid dimensionering av

    betongbeläggningar och därför blir inte beräkningen helt korrekt. Resultaten som

    denna studie visar är därför preliminära. Optimering av den svenska

    beräkningsgången är ett steg i rätt riktning men det praktiska utförandet av arbetet

    och erfarenheten av detta är något som måste byggas ut för en fulländad och

    fungerande metod i praktiken.

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  • 16.
    Ahmadi, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Sundström, Agneta
    The market intelligence impact on strategic performance in declining markets2017In: International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, ISSN 0972-7302, Vol. 15, no 15, p. 457-473Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines how companies in declining markets operate in the context of market intelligence, responding to customer needs and applying them to strategic performance. A quantitative survey was sent to 214 public housing companies. The results indicate that market intelligence creates commitment and is significant. A positive relationship was found between data gathering, dissemination, and responsiveness, which indicates that the companies comprehend market needs but companies have difficult to manage construction strategies that improve strategic performance. There was a low value of strategic performance; a link between market intelligence and the chosen strategy was not confirmed. Companies know what the market wants but base their decision on previous strategic performance on economic conditions in the municipality instead.

  • 17.
    Ahmic, Edvin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Akbarov, Dosmat
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Klassifikationssystemens påverkan på kalkylarbete: En jämförelse mellan CoClass och BSAB-systemen2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 180 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As the construction industry shifts to digital information modeling of its projects, the need to coordinate and improve the efficiency of the management of this information increases. A common language in the form of an industry-wide classification system could lead to billions in savings annually. In the calculation, it is important that the correct information management is included in order to provide the most accurate calculation possible.

    The aim of this study is to examine how the three different systems, BSAB 83, BSAB 96 and CoClass, differ and stand in contrast to each other to highlight and demonstrate such differences. The purpose of the study is that it should be used as a basis for how ÅF can create classified calculations with CoClass.

    To achieve the aim of the report and answer the research questions, the examination consisted of literature studies, interviews, a comparative study and a case study. These methods contributed to the following result: ÅF could effectively transfer to the CoClass system. When comparing the systems, it has been shown that CoClass is a more extensive and comprehensive system structured in a different way as opposed to the previous classification systems.

    Based on the results of the study, a calculation structure according to CoClass can be implemented in ÅF's current working methods, where ready-made recipe for building components can still be used. The recommendation is to consider the component table as equivalent to the production result in the calculation work with CoClass structure in the MAP. In the long run, this would have been an efficient strategy, both economically and primarily less time-consuming.

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  • 18.
    Aid, Graham
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Industrial Ecology Methods within Engagement Processes for Industrial Resource Management2013Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The global use of resources such as materials, energy, and water has surpassed sustainable levels by many accounts.  The research presented here was explicitly normative in its aim to improve the understanding of, and make sustainable change toward highly systemic issues of resource management.  The core methods chosen to work toward this aim were bottom up action research procedures (including stakeholder engagement processes) and industrial ecology analysis tools.  These methods were employed and tested in pragmatic combination through two of the author’s case study projects. The first case study, performed between 2009 and 2012, employed a multi-stakeholder process aimed at improving the cycling of construction and demolition waste in the Stockholm region.  The second case study produced a strategic tool (Looplocal) built for facilitating more efficient regional industrial resource networks. While the highly participative aim of the cases required a larger contribution of resources than that of more closed studies, it is arguable that the efficacy of approaching the project aims is improved through their employment. 

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    Aid - Industrial Ecology Methods within Engagement Processes for Industrial Resource Management
  • 19.
    Aid, Graham
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Brandt, Nils
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Improvement of aggregate cycles in Stockholm and the Baltic Region: Activities and results of the BRA initiative2012In: WASCON 2012 Conference proceedings / [ed] M. Arm, C. Vandecasteele, J. Heynen, P. Suer and B. Lind, 2012, p. 1-9Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    From 2009 until 2011 project BRA (Bygg-och Rivningsavfall i Stockholms Län) “Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste in Stockholm County” was coordinated from the division of Industrial Ecology, KTH. This project was focused on actively improving (from plural perspectives) the cycles of C&D (specifically non-metallic inert) materials in the region. In response to the normative aim and inter-systems complexity, a highly participative action research procedure was adopted. Through processes of network communication, workshops, a course, and an international symposium - a number of issues (such as market development, recycled product quality, greenhouse gas impacts, collaborative planning, and statistics) were prioritized, researched, and acted upon. Indicators for measuring progress in selected areas were developed and preliminary action plans created. At a final co-organized symposium Swedish delegates laid the groundwork for the establishment of a Swedish C&D recycling b ranch organization. This initiative of continued collaboration between and within sectors is seen as a vehicle for the priorities and action requirements identified in BRA to be further enabled and held in focus. Furthermore, these actors taking ownership of the process is seen as a success in accordance to the original aims and the need for further cycles of evaluation, planning, and action.

  • 20.
    Akrawi, Kahi
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Halim, Magdalena
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Ombyggnation av befintlig byggnad till hotell2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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    Ombyggnation av befintlig byggnad till hotell
  • 21.
    Akrawi, Kahi
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Sharif, Vina
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Tätningsmetoder av tunnlar för skydd av installationer: En studie baserad på litteratur, intervjuer och tidigare arbeten.2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 22.
    Albihn, Sara
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Ivarsson, Erica
    ÄNDRAD ANVÄNDNING AV BEFINTLIG BYGGNAD: från kontor till studentbostäder2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There is a housing shortage in Stockholm and the most vulnerable group are young people who are tryingto establish themselves on the housing market. The lack of housing opportunities is forcing students towait for many years before they get a chance to rent a home and thus contributes to withdrawal fromstudies. The establishment of new student-housing is growing but there is still much progress to bemade until the needs are fully satisfied. At the same time office spaces are left vacant with no tenantswaiting to move in. Stockholm is growing at an increasingly high pace and establishing new housing is aninescapable truth. Furthermore, tearing down existing buildings can cause a strain on the environmentwhereas preserving existing buildings can contribute with cultural value and befriend sustainability.Although the intended use of a building isn’t always suitable for its layout. In this instance, changing thepurpose can contribute to the preservation of a building and at the same time fulfil the needs originatingfrom the shortage of housing.This degree project within the Bachelor programme in Construction Engineering at the Royal Institute ofTechnology in Stockholm, has been performed at Ahlsénarkitekterna during 10 weeks. This thesis treatsthe subject of the adaptive reuse of existing office buildings into student housing.

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  • 23.
    Aldebe, Wesam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Tararbit, Yacine
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Tids- och kostnadseffektivisera byggproduktionen: Slöserier och störningar2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The biggest challenge construction companies are facing at the moment is reducing the unnecessary costs and labor as well as to streamline the work. This is a matter and an investigation that has been done multiple times in recent years because this is a major problem in most construction companies. This report is commissioned by Peab for the purpose of identifying wastes and critical disorders, then drafting action proposals to reduce waste of time and costs.

    Four different, completed construction projects have been investigated, commissioned by Peab, and are located in Stockholm. These projects include the reconstruction of a roadway intersection and new construction of pedestrian and cycle tracks. These four projects vary in scale, giving a more varied result compared to four very similar projects

    The gathering of information for this work has mostly included

    lean construction with the various waste in the work industry, as well as the different principles and methods of lean construction, such as Just-In-Time. Other studies on the construction process have also been made, more specifically the production phase, the planning of the work. The difference between value creation time and non-value creation time has been dealt with, as well as risk management and how to conduct a risk analysis.

    Interviews have also been conducted with the aim of identifying the most critical wastes and interferences.

    The gathering of facts from the interviews has been reported in the results.

    It emerged that the four most critical wastes were defects/rework, waiting, transportation and extra processing. In summary, action proposals using lean construction, interviews and the knowledge from this report have been developed to reduce these disturbances and wastages with help of for example Jidoka and PDCA to increase time and cost efficiency in the production process.

    In short, the concept of waste and disturbance can be defined differently. Waste is an activity that does not contribute anything to the business, and a disturbance is a matter of disturbing the work.

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  • 24.
    Aleksic, Slobodan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Lin, Max
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Effektivisera implementering av BIM i produktionen: En studie om vad som krävs för att underlätta implementering av digitala verktyg i produktionen2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The general mode of operation within the building and construction sector in the present days are classified as outdated with plenty of room for improvement. Fortunately, this has been picked up by more organizations and has enabled them to spot the future of the work procedures in digitalisation. This has now been put on the agenda of implementation within the organisations as it has proven to be more efficient not to mention profitable.

    BIM (Building Information Modeling) is today frequently used within projection but the main question remains, the question on “how to implement BIM to the production”. The evolutionary curve within projection is exponentially increasing and at the same time, the vision of a more digital driven production process within the building sector is becoming more of a reality.

    This report is mainly based on field studies in which the building sector often touches the underlying factors on the implementation of digital tools. The focus area lies within the production stage of which many studies show that there is in fact an existence of good knowledge of digitalisation and resources within the branch to apply it to the steamline in order to achieve increased efficiency. However, the process of advancement is being pulled back by the human factor in terms of the individual ́s limited knowledge of digitalisation, the willingness and fear of change and also the generation gap.

    The Final result is based on fact collection, surveys, construction exhibitions and interviews with experienced workers in the targeted field. Study visit has been arranged to SWECO Civil AB and other companies with the similar qualifications. The advantages of implementing digital tools to the day- to-day work are considered to be many. Performing work tasks using for example an ipad will result in a simplified workday in the terms that one will be able to navigate and store required data much more efficiently than before. The process will become less time consuming and with the focus now directed to what is more important, it will result in an improvement of the overall quality. In the long term the aboves mentioned measure is equivalent to a more competitive and profitable organisation.

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  • 25.
    Aleksic, Slobodan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Tabib Enholm, Yamilla
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    En jämförelsestudie av prefabricerat gentemot platsbyggt: En vägledande studie vid val av byggmetod för våtrumsframställning ur ett ekonomiskt - , tids - och kvalitetsperspektiv2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The premise of this thesis is a comparison study of which prefabricated bathroom modules are compared to on-site built bathrooms from an economic, time and quality standpoint. This work is done in collaboration with Gunnar Prefab AB where a survey is carried out based on 300 fictitious bathrooms.

    The main objective of this work is to develop a cost estimate, a timeline and the quality aspects for each method. The purpose is to provide guidance when choosing what production method is the most optimal choice when producing bathrooms. The comparison is based on a self-made quantity list and the bathrooms are examined under arbitrary conditions in new production. The survey has also been limited to one contractor and one specific architectural plan.

    The thesis starts off with a theoretical reference framework which is considered as the foundation of this report. In this chapter, an explanation is carried out on how the production of a bathroom is constructed for each method and the theory behind the production of a cost estimate. Lastly, an explanation is given on how the timeline and the quality aspects are developed throughout the project. The following subheading presents the approach of calculating direct and common costs and the implementation of the comparison in time and quality.

    It proved difficulties to make a cost comparison based on a project as large as 300 bathrooms do to that literature in this subject showed different figures revolving the cost issue. The result of collected quotes and cost calculations gives a total of 17 533 544 kronor for the prefabricated bathroom modules and 18 290 691 kronor for the built on-site bathrooms. To compare the quality and its advantages, disadvantages and quality- and management systems were examined from a quality point of view. The results concluded that the quality of the prefabricated modules was slightly better due to the fact that they were manufactured under a controlled environment. The main difference between said construction methods was the construction time. For the prefabricated bathrooms it took 34 weeks to produce and for the built on-site bathroom it took 102 weeks.

    The conclusion of this thesis is that the prefabricated bathroom could be the cheaper option only if the project would be of a larger scale and could be a better choice from a time-saving perspective. One recommendation when selecting this method is that the contractor needs to be involved from an early stage in order to reduce construction time and lower the costs. For projects with several different type of bathrooms where they have different layouts, it is recommended to combine the prefabricated method with the built on-site, as modules can’t be implemented for plans with smaller WC.

    Due to the high pressure on the market, it can be difficult to obtain materials and labour, which can lead to consequences for the end result. In projects where time and cost is of essence, the prefabricated modules may be preferable when produced in a factory that runs by the assembly line principle.

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  • 26.
    Allawirdi, Teresa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Gunduz, Helen Rebecka
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Tidsplanering och visualisering inom anläggningsprojekt2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 27.
    Andersson, Conny
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Björk, David
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    The road towards the flawless residence: A case study in process- and quality management2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study was initiated to examine whether processes of the construction company JM ABare followed and how they can be streamlined, if the targeted goals are reached, and whenand why prescribed routines are abandoned. The study was carried out through onlinequalitative interviews with supervisors at nine examined construction projects, and withofficials within the JM AB organization.The correspondence with employees emphasized the importance of communication,experience feedback, and quality- and process control. Continuous improvement is central atJM AB, and the study shows that proactive work against errors and flaws in production andwarranty assurance can be further strengthened through enhanced communication andexperience feedback.The results suggest that resource- and cost inefficiencies can be reduced through preventiveefforts, emphasis on comprehensibility in the internal quality goals, and a thoroughconsequence analysis in case of late administrative changes in the construction process.Furthermore, the results show the importance of clear communication towards the endcustomer, as well as the value in proactive declaration of expected deviations; this will leadtowards higher CSI, Customer-Service-Index The study is limited to processes and methodsused within JM AB and is primarily focused on the production phase and warrantyassurance.This study resulted in several suggestions for improvement related to customercommunication, centralized internal quality controls, and more efficient internalcommunication and experience feedback. The results also stress the importance of clearlycommunicating JM’s desired quality level to both subcontractors and during procurement.

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  • 28.
    Andersson, Emil
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Dag, Maria
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Kvalitetssäkring av 3D-modeller i Revit2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    At present, BIM (Building Information Model) is used in a vast majority of large scale building projects. A 3D model is created with a compatible BIM program. By working on a 3D model, the work process simplifies due to the fact that all users can simultaneously work on the same model, thus providing better coordination capabilities and delivering an overview of the final product.

    As a structural engineer, it is important to have an accurate and reliable basis for working with precision data. Currently, Sweco has no documentation which offers clarification or quality assurance to the content of 3D models. With this in mind, there is a considerable opportunity for improvement by using a checklist to advance the quality assurance of modeling to a new level.

    The task involved the creation of a checklist that could enhance the working process and improve quality assurance regarding the creation of a 3D model. Through interviews with constructors at Sweco, a checklist was created that will be effective in use by constructors working with Revit, as there are currently no comparable documents available. The conclusion that can be drawn from this work is that the drafted checklist is a positive step towards a better controlled modeling process of 3D models.

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  • 29.
    Andersson, Lina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Trochez, Michelle
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Accelererande tillsatsmedlens påverkan på betongens egenskaper: Med fördjupning på betongens uttorkning2015Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 30.
    Andersson, Victor
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sustainable Buildings.
    Väderprognosstyrda värmesystem i byggnader: En jämförelse mot traditionell styrning2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this essay is to investigate how forecast control can affect the energy consumption and the top effects for heating compared to the traditional control system in facilities with different building structures. In 2013 were the energy consumption 80 TWh for the heating and domestic hot water in resident buildings and facilities. This corresponds to 55 % of the total energy consumption within the building sector and facilities represent 28 % of the buildings. This indicates that there is room for efficiency for the heating systems in facilities.Demands from new directives for stricter energy consumptions for buildings are going to be established in the Swedish regulations and 19:th of June 2018 were the new amending directives published which need to be established in the Swedish regulations latest 10 March 2020. The demands on the buildings is pushed further and further. It is getting more difficult to reach the requirements from BBR and even more difficult to reach the requirements from environmental certifications like Miljöbyggnad. Therefore, it is important with detailed solutions that is able to lower the energy consumptions for the heating systems.A reference building has been used and created in the simulation software IDA ICE with three different building constructions to compare forecast control against the traditional control system. One with a large U-value and low amount of thermal mass, one with a smaller U-value and a low amount of thermal mass and one with a smaller U-value and a high amount of thermal mass.The centrally controlled forecast control is tested against the traditional controlled system for each building structure. Traditional controlled systems in facilities is normally using thermostatic valves, due to the lack of sustainability and the lack of maintenance the control systems are also tested without the thermostatic valves.The results for the forecast control indicate on an increase for the energy saving by 3.4 % without the thermostatic valves and an increase by 2.7 % with the thermostatic valves. The top effects can be improved with forecast control by 33 % without thermostatic valves and by 15 % with thermostatic valves. These improvements were made for the building construction with high amount of thermal mass. It is possible to argue for benefits with forecast control if it is installed in a heavy constructed building with regard to the decreased top effects. It is more difficult to argue for the benefits with regard to the energy consumption. Large benefits were found with in local control, especially for buildings with large U-value and low amount of thermal mass. The result indicated on an improvement of 30 % for the traditional control with thermostatic valves and of 28 % for the forecast control with thermostatic valves compared to the scenario without the thermostatic valves.Knowledge about the building characteristics has a significance for the choice of control system. According to the results forecast control may be a benefit with regard to the top effects if it is a heavy building construction. Regarding the energy consumption is the best strategy to carefully adjust and maintain the current traditional control system.

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  • 31.
    Andersson-Vass, Vilmer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Temperatursprickor i betong: Metodutveckling för sprickbegränsning och uppföljning av uppsprickning i en tunnelkonstruktion2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In order to reduce the risk of thermal cracks in a concrete structure it is recommended to reduce the temperature differences between already existing concrete parts and the newly cast parts. Therefore, adjacent and already cast parts of the structure are sometimes heated up prior to casting of a new concrete part. This reduces the temperature differences within the structure and thus the risk of thermal cracks. This heating is generally done via heating cables placed in the concrete. This method has two drawbacks: firstly, one has to plan for the heating cables in an early stage and secondly, the cables sometimes break when cast in. As an alternative and compliment to the heating cables, a new type of heating mat for heating of concrete structures was designed and produced during 2014. It is built the same way as frost thawing mats but has a lower electrical effect to avoid overheating when heating the concrete.

    The main subject that is investigated in this thesis is the effect the heating mat has on the underlying concrete. This was investigated in four field trials by measuring the temperature in concrete members while heating them up with the heating mats. The field trials were effected on concrete slabs and vaults and the heating mats were covered with a concrete curing mat made of 10 mm cellular plastic. The field trials were conducted in sunny and dry conditions as well as in cloudy and rainy conditions. Data from the field trials were used to produce a proposal on how to model the heating mat’s warming effect in Contest. This proposal is presented in Section 5.1.2and is the main result of this thesis. It can be used to include the heating mat’s effect in simulations to estimate thermal crack risks in Contest.

    In addition, two real castings of a tunnel structure are described in which heating mats were used to reduce the risk for thermal cracks. These two castings are studied regarding the risk for thermal cracking. Finally, an economical comparison is made where using heating mats is compared to using heating cables.

    The conclusion of this thesis is that the warming effect of the heating mat can be modeled in Contest in a simple and appropriate manner according to the proposed method. The proposed method considers that precipitation and sunshine influence the heating of the concrete. The actual temperature rise in the heated concrete might therefore be greater than what is obtained using the method in Contest, which gives a rise in temperature on the safe side. This conservative, slightly low estimation of the rise in temperature corresponds to using heating cables mounted on the upper reinforcement with a c / c distance of 40 cm. From an economic point of view, the purchase of heating mats means a relatively important initial investment cost compared to heating cables. Using heating mats instead of heating cables is therefore initially more expensive, but will eventually be profitable since the heating mats are not consumed. Based on the economic assumptions made in this thesis the heating mat was less expensive than heating cables if used more than about 30 times.

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  • 32.
    Anjevall, Hilma
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Jääskeläinen Nyberg, Johannes
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Flödeseffektivitet i partneringprocessen: En studie av produktbestämningsskedet2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Partnering as a working method has existed in Sweden since the late 90s and has become increasingly common, especially in public construction. The way of working is a reaction to the traditional procedure that has been criticized for being fragmented and misleading knowledge and creating many conflicts. In an integrated organization and with an iterative process, all players develop and implement the project with full transparency in all sub-processes to maximize the value of the product and put the customer's needs in focus. ByggDialog is a company that from the start specializes in partnering and who organizes and leads the design phase often called Phase 1, after which one also coordinates all contractors and performs the construction with their own workforce. ByggDialog wants to develop their work in Phase 1 and create a process as flow-efficient as possible to reach production within a reasonable time. This is important as one strives for efficiency in general, but also for it to be possible to forecast resource needs, growth rates and results with good precision and small deviations. Flow efficiency is a concept derived from Lean theory that originates from Toyota's car factories. It is about creating a process where non-value-creating activities are eliminated, and the focus is on the density of the value transfer to the product and its flow. The purpose of this report is to apply these theories to ByggDialog's processes in Phase 1 and to survey non-value-creating activities in Phase 1 through interviews with people with great experience of Phase 1. The study also included proposing measures for improved flow efficiency. An effort was also made to calculate the flow efficiency in several completed projects to investigate the possibility of an appropriate indicator for the company's improvement work on Phase 1. In summary, it turned out that flow efficiency in Phase 1 can be positively affected by openness, integrated organizations, standardized working methods, iterative design methods and distinct project management. An indicator of flow efficiency that considers the ratio of value-creating time and throughput divided by BTA proved to be too complex to develop. A viable route, however, is to only let the indicator reflect the throughput divided by BTA or production cost. In-depth studies are recommended for ByggDialog to seek the most useful method for monitoring and measuring the effectiveness of Phase 1.

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  • 33.
    Anselius, Sara
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Safety first: a case study of incident and accident reporting in a company within the construction and civil engineering industry2019Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The construction industry is an exciting and community developing industry, but it is also very much talked about because of the high injury frequency that the industry is characterized by. As a part of preventing accidents at work, the employer conducts systematic work environment work to detect risky parts of the work and to remedy these. Despite the elimination of risks at work, accidents and incidents - so-called deviations in the working environment - occur. Deviations in the working environment must be reported immediately to the employer. Within the company that is subject of this study, the deviations are reported and stored a system called BIA. BIA enables, based on the deviation reports, to create statistical data for the company with respect to different parameters. This report is based on this deviation statistics with regard to accidents and incidents, produced from the reporting tool BIA. The study has investigated in which stages/phases incidents and accidents occur, which work operations that cause incidents and accidents, as well as injury risks and causes of injury behind accidents and incidents. The majority of the company's incidents and accidents occur during construction projects, production and land work. Incidents are caused by work tasks such as excavation work, work at/with passing vehicle traffic and movement within the area. Accidents are caused by work at/by machine, manual handling of material / product and work at/with handheld work equipment. The damage risks in the event of incidents are vehicle accidents, hit by falling or flying objects and stuck or clamped between objects. The causes of injury caused by accidents are damage by self-handled objects, fall at the same level and contact with sharp objects. Fall from height and fall at the same level are the cause of damage in a large part of the accidents. The result of the study also shows that the information given in the event reports in BIA, either lacks of information or that the information is inadequate.

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  • 34.
    Antoan, Shahad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Naeem, Lina
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Solceller - för lönsam elproduktion: En undersökning om hur lönsam en solcellsanläggning på en byggnad är med hänsyn till teknisk samt ekonomisk perspektiv.2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 35.
    Anund Vogel, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.
    Att styra allmänningar – en studie av svenska bostadsrättsföreningar2017In: Ekonomisk Debatt, ISSN 0345-2646, no 2, p. 55-66Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det är viktigt i ett samhälle att ha institutioner som bidrar till ett effektivt utnyttjande av resurser. Syftet med denna artikel är att granska den svenska bostadsrättsformen utifrån de kriterier som Elinor Ostrom formulerat rörande vad som bidrar till en effektiv förvaltning av en ”allmänning”. Avslutningsvis presenteras också reformförslag som vi bedömer skulle minska problemen i dagens strukturer, problem som främst sammanhänger med att den som startar föreningen och bygger dess hus inte har något långsiktigt ansvar.

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  • 36.
    Ardalani, Alan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Holm, Eddie
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Energianalys mellan programmen IES (Integrated Environmental Solutions) och Enorm2010Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    An increase interest of new methods and tools has begun to grow in the real estate business, this new trend causes an increase in new programs that aim to simplify processes of energy-efficiency and environmental issues.

    After consulting with Björn Alsmark from Bjerking AB, an architect and engineering company, we made a decision that the Degree Project is going to examine the program IES (Integrated Environmental Solutions) with some integrations from Revit Architecture application.

    To be able to examine IES, we got access to a completed project from Bjerking. The project is a nursery school in Uppsala. An application has been handed in from Bjerking to make this project to a Green Building-certificated project. According to Bjerking own calculations (with the energy-calculation program Enorm), the consumption of energy of the nursery school is 48 percent lesser than required by BBR.

    An evaluation of IES and Enorm has been made with an aim to compare these two programs and find out if IES is an appropriate program to replace Enorm. Does Enorm or IES come up to BBR´s recommendations?

    The Degree Project cover 15 ECT, that required several adjusting and delimitations, and the study sketch ended with a literature study.

    After finishing the study sketch the modeling of the nursery school began. The model was adjusted in Revit Architecture so that it would suit IES. But complications appeared when the Revit model was about to be transferred into IES. Instead of using Revit, we simplified the model by using IES own modeling application, ModelIT.

    A study of the sun was made in SunCast to be able to get a study of the suns solar shading on the building, also the sun effect. The result from SunCast was later used in the energy-calculation in ApacheSim. A ventilation scheme was also designed in ApHVAC.

    The result showed that the IES VE is suitable for energy modeling and that there is space for improvement over the integration between the IES VE and Revit.

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  • 37.
    Aripov, Alim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Shirvanpour, Shaian
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Bygglogistik metoder: En granskning av norra Djurgårdsstaden och Barkarbystaden2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 38.
    Arleij, Axel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Åhlander, Mattias
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Bultförstärkning av berg vid konventionell tunneldrivning: En jämförelse av kamstålsbult och PC-bult2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The conventional rebar bolt, a grouted bolt with no pre-stress, is the most commonly used rock reinforcement bolt for tunneling in Swedish infrastructural projects. The assembly takes place by manually pushing the bolt into a borehole filled with grout. This gives rise to spillage and great physical exertion when thousands of bolts are mounted in each project.   Permanent safety is only achieved when the surrounding cement has cured. This entails a moment in the rock reinforcement stage where the contractor must secure the tunnel with temporary operating bolts.  To avoid temporary bolting, a pre-stressed bolt can be used as a permanent bolt. An example of such a bolt is the PC-bolt. When assembled, it provides immediate operational safety and permanent reinforcement by injection through the inner pipe. The bolt is then completely sealed with grout.  The purpose of the study is to compare the PC-bolt with the rebar bolt. The study explores the supposed benefit of economics and load ergonomics of using the PC-bolt as a permanent reinforcement bolt. By conducting a controlled observation on a field study to a site where tunneling with rock reinforcement occurred. The assembly of the two bolts has been compared out of a load ergonomic view point. In order to investigate differences in work volume and time, calculations were made on a compiled bolt protocol. The calculations show which reinforcement bolt results in the lowest cost of the assembly.  The result of the study shows that there is a great potential in the future use of the PC-bolt as a permanent bolt for tunneling. The potential lies in a clearly improved work environment regarding ergonomic loads and more time efficient installation that can be utilized in future projects.  

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  • 39.
    Aronsson, Andreas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Hinders, Niclas
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Analys av SWMM-CAT och möjligheten att tillämpa SWMM-CAT i Sverige2015Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 5 credits / 7,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden will during this century experience an increased amount of precipitation, up to 40 % in some parts of the country.  Flooding will be more common and heavy rain during short periods of time is the greatest threat of having a functioning drainage system. The amount of storm water that urban areas will have to handle can be massive due to the lack of infiltration areas.

     

    SWMM-CAT (Storm Water Management Model – Climate Adjustment Tool) is software that can create future climate change projections. By searching for coordinates or zip-codes in the US the user can receive data for changes in precipitation, evaporation, temperature and 24-hour design storm at a specific location. The information can be used to get more knowledge of how these parameters will change in the future, but also to import as adjustment factors to SWMM (Storm Water Management Model). SWMM is a simulation software for planning and analysis of storm water runoff. The adjustment factors allow planning of sewer systems with consideration of future climate change.

     

    To compare the results of a simulation with SWMM-CAT and without SWMM-CAT we constructed a SWMM-model. The result showed an increased water flow from the sub catchment area from 43 l/s to 66 l/s. This result displays that it is important to consider how the climate change can affect the sizing of sewer systems.

     

    SWMM-CAT is a user friendly software and can easily be used to predict future climate change outcomes related to precipitation and temperature, but it demands experience from SWMM to make correct simulations with adjustments from SWMM-CAT. Since climate changes varies geographically, SWMM-CAT cannot be used in Sweden because the projections is based on a grid system over the US. The research of Rossby Centre provides future climate change projections in precipitation, evaporation and temperature for Sweden. We believe that it is sufficient data to create a software similar to SWMM-CAT in Sweden.

     

    We believe that the best way to cope with the climate changes in urban areas is to combine future climate projections with low-impact development.

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  • 40.
    Aroyan, Nicole
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Labib, George
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Scania Nya Gjuteri: Skanskas projektspecifika utmaningar med det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet2021Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Large industrial projects with many parties involved are already complex as they are. Therefore, an established and carefully planned systematic work environment is crucial for a safe work environment where many people stay and work in the same area. "The more chefs,the worse the soup" is a Swedish saying that is suitable for the Scania New Foundry project in certain areas. The journey has not been easy although much of the systematic work environment management has been exemplary and the end product has turned out good.

    This report addresses the Scania New Foundry project and the specific challenges that have arisen in terms of the systematic working environment during production. Skanska has been responsible for the production and has also been responsible for coordination at the construction site.After some production stoppages, several contractors who misbehaved and many unpredictable risks that occurred Skanska realized that there may be a connection between everything. To provide answers to the questions, a legal research methodology has been used, which has been supplemented with a scientific method with empirical research consisting of interviews with enterprising people and internal documents from Skanska and Scania. Previous research shows that contractual conditions are significant for the management of the contractors and through deeper studies of the challenges that have occurred at the project we can get a better understanding for better collaborations in the future. All things considered, many challenges would have been prevented or at least inhibited if the responsibilities and requirements had been discussed more carefully ahead. Hopefully this report can be used as an evaluation of the work environment at Scania Nya Gjuteri in order tolearn from the project and avoid similar situations in the future.

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  • 41.
    Arvfors, Linnea
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Taneesan, Jennifer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Produktivitetsmätning i anläggningsprojekt: Ett sätt att optimera framdriften2018Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Skanska (2016) har uppgett som ett av sina mål att minska slöserier och stillestånd i produktion. För att nå dit har Skanska tagit fram en metod för att mäta produktiviteten för sina anläggningsprojekt. Skanska köper maskintjänster för ca 1 miljard kronor per år. Undersökningar har visat att maskiner står stilla 30 till 40 % av den planerade arbetstiden. En dag av stillastående arbete är kostsam och om det gick att effektivisera med endast 1 % sparar det Skanska upp till 10 miljoner SEK per år.

    Tillsammans med Skanskas region Väg och Anläggning Mellansverige, utfördes mätningar på fyra av regionens projekt med hjälp av en produktivitetsmätare som fästs på grävmaskinernas bom. Produktivitetsmätaren kan inte koppla rörelser till effektivitet utan räknar endast rörelserna maskinerna utför.

    Målet med rapporten var att hitta samband mellan driftnedgångar och aktiviteter i produktion samt att se varför de uppstår, för att senare ge förslag på hur de kan förebyggas eller åtgärdas. Ett annat relevant slutresultat var att lägga grunden för fortsatta mätningar och kontinuerlig uppföljning. Studien genomfördes med metoderna mätningar, dagböcker och intervjuer.

    Resultatet blev att driftnedgångar uppstår på grund av:

    • ●  Brist på material

    • ●  Krockar i arbetsmoment

    • ●  Arbetsplanering

    • ●  Bristfälliga handlingar

    • ●  Brist på yrkesarbetare

    • ●  Väntetider

      Optimeringen av arbetet kan ske redan i planeringsfasen. Grunden till en bra produktion ligger i hur välplanerat projektet är. Att bibehålla en god kundrelation i produktionsskedet underlättar till att snabbare få tag på kompletterande handlingar. Genom att involvera produktionspersonalen i planering, kan risken minska för att onödiga stillestånd uppstår. Deras kunskaper och erfarenhet om arbetets utförande är värdefulla i planeringen. Även att skapa leveransplaner för material och en levande arbetsplatsdisposition, där materiallager uppdateras kontinuerligt efter tidplanen och kommande arbetsmoment. Mätdata från produktivitetsmätaren kan i framtiden användas för att skapa diskussion i alla led. Som en punkt vid veckomöten i produktion, som en punkt i ledningsgruppsmöten i distriktet och även för Skanska centralt. Detta för att ta lärdom av varandras sätt att arbeta.

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  • 42.
    Atabas, Burak
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Unlu, Busra
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Verktygslådan : Effektivisering av projekteringsskedet med hjälp av en tilläggsfunktion i Revit2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    For more time and cost efficient projects, the construction industry needs to develop modern and integrated working methods. The preparation of construction documents is now in transition from 2D (AutoCAD) to 3D (Revit) modelling with an aim to streamline the workflow.

    This study aims to streamline the construction designing and planning stages by implementing specific commands that are adapted for Revit. The function of these commands is to provide complete structural components. These components will reduce the time to complete a construction drawing set compared to a traditional 2D method.

    Qualitative studies were conducted in the form of interviews with construction engineers. The interviews were based on different sub-areas that affect different parts of the planning stages. Based on these interviews, the toolbox was designed, containing the previously mentioned commands.

    Some conclusions that have been drawn after the study completion are that the construction industry is in need for a change, and that the building sector requires a systematic and united working method to streamline work methodology. In addition to the reduction of time and additional costs, this tool will reduce the frustration that may arise in the search of building components using traditional methods.

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  • 43.
    Ausekle, Maija
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Beräkning av snittstorheter för betongspiral i ett vattenkraftverk: Jämförelse mellan handberäkningar och FEM-modellering2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 44.
    Backlund, Oskar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Gustafsson, Agnes
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Kvartsdamm - ett arbetsmiljöproblem i anläggningsprojekt.: En undersökning om medvetenhet, rutiner och krav gällande kvartsdamm.2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 45.
    Baithoon, Firas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Wahlgren, Ludwig
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Arbetsmiljölagen för projektören i praktiken: E4Förbifart Stockholm2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 46.
    Baltzer, Sigrid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Bühlmann, Axel
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Så bygger vi bättre studentbostäder: Bostäder efter studenterns behov2016Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 47.
    Barikan, Chirin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Velu, Alexander
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Fukttillskott från mark i uteluftsventileradekrypgrunder: Moisture supply from ground in outdoor ventilated crawl spaces2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Uteluftsventilerade krypgrunder; fuktskador; mögelskador; fukttillskott;

    avdunstning från mark; relativ fuktighet

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  • 48.
    Barikan, Maria
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Samir, Lina
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Kommunikation och samarbete mellanbeställare och entreprenör2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With the shortage of vacant accommodation in the country, the need to develop new housing has increased significantly. To accomplish this in the most effective manner, the entire building process needs to be improved. The communication between the developer and the contractor is one such major aspect that may lead to furthering time and cost efficiency. During the construction process, several parties are involved from the early planning to the management of the development. All involved parties work towards a common goal where the cooperation between them could last several years. The key to a success is thorough and clear communication as well as good cooperation between the parties throughout the entire building process.This report is made in cooperation with Riksbyggen. The aim is to streamline future projects by examining the communication and cooperation methods used three previous construction projects. The purpose of this study is to examine the shortcomings in both the communication and cooperation between developer and contractor, and to identify good practices employed to achieve good communication and cooperation, as well as take constructive action to improve future projects.The study has a qualitative design; and empirical data collection consists mainly of semi-structured interviews. Through interviews with key figures from the three investigated construction projects, an overall idea of the cooperation and communication between developer and entrepreneur has been obtained. The results show that when the developer worked alongside the contractor during the early construction phases, it added value to the project. Time constraints and organizational changes in the projects had a negative impact on cooperation and communication between the parties. Every construction project is unique, it is therefore profitable for the overall value of the project to customise the communication and cooperation forms according to the projects nature. The thesis also highlights the value of experience feedback and improvement suggestions for Riksbyggen experience systems.

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  • 49.
    Barzngy, Ahmad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Zangana, Majid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Beläggningsskadors typ, omfattning och orsaker på statliga vägnätet2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The transport administration currently performs a research project where they conduct investigations and analysis of road damage on state road. The purpose of the project is to in the long-term improve the possibilities to measure the road network, try to find the readings that connect the cause for the accidents and why the chosen maintenance is conducted. The aim of this study is to, with the help of an extensive collection phase in PMSv3, that stores data by road surface measurement, to be able to analyse different type of road damages and ther characteristics. Input has then been compared to the transport administrations requirement on maintenance standard. The results of the data collection has then been analysed and conection between visual damage and data from PMSv3 has been observed. The usefulness of the connections that have been observed lead to better understandnings on what main factors that affect the roads breaking down and where they frequently occur. There are indications of connections from the results that have been demostrated in the analysis and the conclusion. With consideration to the observations in PMSv3 lies this study for further depth and research.

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  • 50.
    Bashay, Natnael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Nawfal, Roubin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology and Design.
    Installationskrockar i ett ROT-Projekt2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Performing an installation process under a Renovation, Conversion and Extension (ROT) project is more

    complicated than in a new production. In a ROT projects, the installer meets old and hard-to- read

    documents that usually do not match the reality. The most common problem is that clashes may occur

    between the installations and building elements, which results in costs and time losses.

    In our report we have studied the opportunity to produce documents that correspond to reality at an early

    stage, which would facilitate planning and construction in a ROT project. The method is expected to

    solve the collision problem that may arise in the performance of the work, as well as being able to reach

    the installations in a smooth manner without any barriers to supervision and maintenance.

    The results of this report are based on the measurements we performed, in particular by using

    measurement methods using a handheld meter and a 3D-laser scanning technique that creates a 3Dmodeling

    .

    In order to be able to find a suitable space in the building and to ensure installations without

    any type of collision, careful design is required. To complete the study, several people were interviewed

    with experience in this area. Our conclusion is that through a combination of BIM, together with a wellfunctioning

    installation coordination and 3D-laser scanning, design accuracy can be increased, the risk of

    collisions reduced, leading to increased profitability in a ROT project.

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