kth.sePublications
Change search
Refine search result
1234567 1 - 50 of 657
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Abascal, Angela
    et al.
    Univ Navarra, Sch Architecture, Pamplona, Spain.;Univ Navarra, Navarra Ctr Int Dev, Pamplona, Spain..
    Rodriguez-Carreno, Ignacio
    Univ Navarra, Fac Econ, Pamplona, Spain.;Univ Navarra, Data Sci & Artificial Intelligence Inst, Pamplona, Spain..
    Vanhuysse, Sabine
    Univ libre Bruxelles ULB, Dept Geosci Environm & Soc, Brussels, Belgium..
    Georganos, Stefanos
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geoinformatics.
    Sliuzas, Richard
    Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands..
    Wolff, Eleonore
    Univ libre Bruxelles ULB, Dept Geosci Environm & Soc, Brussels, Belgium..
    Kuffer, Monika
    Univ Twente, Fac Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat, Enschede, Netherlands..
    Identifying degrees of deprivation from space using deep learning and morphological spatial analysis of deprived urban areas2022In: Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, ISSN 0198-9715, E-ISSN 1873-7587, Vol. 95, article id 101820Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many cities in low- and medium-income countries (LMICs) are facing rapid unplanned growth of built-up areas, while detailed information on these deprived urban areas (DUAs) is lacking. There exist visible differences in housing conditions and urban spaces, and these differences are linked to urban deprivation. However, the appropriate geospatial information for unravelling urban deprivation is typically not available for DUAs in LMICs, constituting an urgent knowledge gap. The objective of this study is to apply deep learning techniques and morphological analysis to identify degrees of deprivation in DUAs. To this end, we first generate a reference dataset of building footprints using a participatory community-based crowd-sourcing approach. Secondly, we adapt a deep learning model based on the U-Net architecture for the semantic segmentation of satellite imagery (WorldView 3) to generate building footprints. Lastly, we compute multi-level morphological features from building footprints for identifying the deprivation variation within DUAs. Our results show that deep learning techniques perform satisfactorily for predicting building footprints in DUAs, yielding an accuracy of F1 score = 0.84 and Jaccard Index = 0.73. The resulting building footprints (predicted buildings) are useful for the computation of morphology metrics at the grid cell level, as, in high-density areas, buildings cannot be detected individually but in clumps. Morphological features capture physical differences of deprivation within DUAs. Four indicators are used to define the morphology in DUAs, i.e., two related to building form (building size and inner irregularity) and two covering the form of open spaces (proximity and directionality). The degree of deprivation can be evaluated from the analysis of morphological features extracted from the predicted buildings, resulting in three categories: high, medium, and low deprivation. The outcome of this study contributes to the advancement of methods for producing up-to-date and disaggregated morphological spatial data on urban DUAs (often referred to as 'slums') which are essential for understanding the physical dimensions of deprivation, and hence planning targeted interventions accordingly.

  • 2.
    Abbaszadeh Shahri, Abbas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics. College of Civil Engineering, Roudehen branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Johansson, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    CPT-SPT correlations using artificial neural network approach: A Case Study in Sweden2015In: Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, E-ISSN 1089-3032, Vol. 20, no 28, p. 13439-13460Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The correlation between Standard and Cone Penetration Tests (SPT and CPT) as two of the most used in-situ geotechnical tests is of practical interest in engineering designs. In this paper, new SPT-CPT correlations for southwest of Sweden are proposed and developed using an artificial neural networks (ANNs) approach. The influences of soil type, depth, cone tip resistance, sleeve friction, friction ratio and porewater pressure on obtained correlations has been taken into account in optimized ANN models to represent more comprehensive and accurate correlation functions. Moreover, the effect of particle mean grain size and fine content were investigated and discussed using graph analyses. The validation of ANN based correlations were tested using several statistical criteria and then compared to existing correlations in literature to quantify the uncertainty of the correlations. Using the sensitivity analyses, the most and least effective factors on CPT-SPT predictions were recognized and discussed. The results indicate the ability of ANN as an attractive alternative method regarding to conventional statistical analyses to develop CPT-SPT relations.

  • 3.
    Abbaszadeh Shahri, Abbas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Naderi, Shima
    Modified correlations to predict the shear wave velocity using piezocone penetration test data and geotechnical parameters: a case study in the southwest of Sweden2016In: INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE SOLUTIONS, ISSN 2364-4176, Vol. 1, no 1, article id UNSP 13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Shear wave velocity (VS) is an important geotechnical characteristic for determining dynamic soil properties. When no direct measurements are available, V-S can be estimated based on correlations with common in situ tests, such as the piezocone penetration test (CPTu). In the current paper, three modified equations to predict the V-S of soft clays based on a comprehensive provided CPTu database and related geotechnical parameters for southwest of Sweden were presented. The performance of the obtained relations were examined and investigated by several statistical criteria as well as graph analyses. The best performance was observed by implementing of corrected cone tip resistance (q(t)) and pore pressure ratio (B-q) which directly can be found from CPTu data. The introduced modifications were developed and validated for available soft clays of the studied area in southwest of Sweden, and thus, their applicability for proper prediction in other areas with different characteristics should be controlled. However, the used method as a suitable tool can be employed to investigate.

  • 4.
    Abbaszadeh Shahri, Abbas
    et al.
    JohanLundberg AB.
    Shan, Chunling
    Tyréns.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Visualisering av bergtopografi med artificiell intelligens2022In: Bygg och Teknik, ISSN 0281-658X, E-ISSN 2002-8350, Vol. 114, no 1, p. 44-46Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Rumslig fördelning av djup till berggrunden (DTB) är en viktig ochutmanande fråga i många geotekniska tillämpningar. På grund av att DTBassocieras med säkerhet och ekonomi i jord- och bergkonstruktionerkan generering av mer precisa modeller vara av avgörande betydelse.Med hjälp av resultat från Jb-sonderingar för ett infrastrukturprojekt iStockholm har vi skapat en optimerad visualiserad 3D -prediktiv DTBmodellvia en automatiserad artificiell intelligent datormetod (AI) ochjämfört den med den metod som ofta används, det geostatistiskaverktyget Ordinary Kriging (OK).

  • 5.
    Abbaszadeh Shahri, Abbas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Spross, Johan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Johansson, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Kartering av skredbenägenhet medartificiell intelligens2018In: Bygg och Teknik, ISSN 0281-658X, E-ISSN 2002-8350, no 1Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Abbaszadeh Shahri, Abbas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Spross, Johan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Johansson, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Storskalig kartering av skredbenägenhet i västra Götaland med artificiell intelligens2018Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 7. Abderrazek, K.
    et al.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Seffen, M.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Srasra, N. Frini
    Srasra, E.
    Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine using [Zn-Al] LDH supported on PAN nanofibres2015In: Clay minerals, ISSN 0009-8558, E-ISSN 1471-8030, Vol. 50, no 2, p. 185-197Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH), before and after calcination, were tested for the removal of indigo carmine (IC) dye from solution. These LDH photocatalysts were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), nitrogen physisorption at -196 degrees C, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry (DRS). The different photocatalysts were supported on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres, so that filtration was unnecessary. The PXRD and FTIR analyses showed that the IC adsorption on c-Zn-Al-3-500 (LDH calcined at 500 degrees C) was enhanced by construction of the hydrotalcite matrix intercalated with the dye. The intercalation was clearly evidenced by the appearance of a peak at low degrees 2 theta values. All of the materials prepared exhibited photocatalytic activity, which for the c-Zn-Al-3-500 was comparable to that of commercial PAN-supported ZnO nanoparticles (100% degradation after 180 min). Kinetic studies showed that the degradation of the IC followed a pseudo-first order rate. The high activity and the ease of both synthesis and separation processes rendered this photocatalyst a promising candidate for environmental remediation.

  • 8.
    Abshirini, Ehsan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geoinformatics.
    Koch, Daniel
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Rivers as integration devices in cities2016In: City, Territory and Architecture, E-ISSN 2195-2701, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 1-21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: As dynamic systems rivers and cities have been in interaction under changing relations over time, and the morphology of many cities has risen through a long and steady struggle between the city functions and the river system flowing inside. This makes river cities an interesting case to study how the presence of geographical features interacts with spatial morphology in the formation of cities.

    Methods: The basis of this research is enabled by utilizing a novel model for cross-city comparison presented by Hillier in his Santiago keynote in 2012 called a “star model”. This is done on large samples of cities investigating concurrent configurations, as well as how the properties in this star model react to specific forms of disturbance.

    Results: Results illustrate that the foreground network as identified through maximum choice values in cities are more vital to the structure of cities than the bridges. The overall syntactic structure tends to retain its character (degree of distributedness) and the location of its foreground network (which street segments constitute the foreground network) even when bridges are targeted. Furthermore, counter to the initial hypothesis, river cities tend to change less than non-river cities after targeted disturbance of the systems. Finally, the results show that while there is a statistical morphological difference between river cities and non-river cities, this difference is not directly explained through the bridges.

    Conclusion: Integrating space syntax with statistical and geospatial analysis can throw light on the way in which the properties of city networks and urban structure reflect the relative effect of rivers on the morphology of river cities. The paper, finally, contributes through offering one piece of a better perception of the structure of river-cities that can support strategies of river-cities interaction as well as enhance our knowledge on the constraints and limits to that interaction.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Abshirini & Koch - Rivers as integration devices in cities
  • 9.
    Abshirini, Ehsan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Geoinformatics.
    Koch, Daniel
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Visibility Analysis, Similarity and Dissimilarity in General Trends of Building Layouts and their Functions2013In: Proceedings of Ninth International Space Syntax Symposium / [ed] Young Ook Kim, Hoon Tae Park, Kyung Wook Seo, Seoul: Sejong University Press , 2013, p. 11:1-11:15Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Visibility analysis is one of the key methods in space syntax theory that discusses visual information conveyed to observers from any location in space that is potentially directly visible for the observer without any obstruction. Visibility – simply defined as what we can see – not only affects the spatial function of buildings, but also has visual relation to the perception of buildings by inhabitants and visitors. In this paper we intend to present the result of visibility analysis applied on a sample of building layouts of different sizes and functions from a variety of places of periods. The main aim of this paper is to statistically explore the general trends of building layouts and show if and how visibility properties such as connectivity, clustering coefficient, mean depth, entropy, and integration values can make distinctions among different functions of buildings. Our findings reveal that there are significant correlation coefficients among global properties of visibility in which we consider the mean value of properties, a similarity suggesting that they are not intensively manipulated by architecture. On the other hand, there are correlations although less so than the previous, still significant among local properties of visibility in which we consider the (max-min) value of properties, suggesting that social, cultural or other physical parameters distinguish buildings individually. We also show that functions such as ‘museum’ and ‘veterinary’ are relatively well-clustered, while functions such as ‘ancient’ and ‘shopping’ show high diversity. In addition, using a decision tree model we show that, in our sample, functions such as ‘museum’ and ‘library’ are more predictable rather than functions such as ‘hospital’ and ‘shopping.’ All of these mean that – at least in our sample – the usability and applicability of well-clustered and well-predicted functions have been predominant in shaping their interior spaces; vice versa, in well-diverse and unpredicted functions, the pragmatic solutions of people’s daily life developed in material culture affect the visual properties of their interior spaces.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Abshirini & Koch -- Visibility Analysis, Similarity, and Dissimilarity in General Trends of Building Layouts and their Functions (SSS9 2013)
  • 10.
    Acuña, José
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Distributed thermal response tests: New insights on U-pipe and Coaxial heat exchangers in groundwater-filled boreholes2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    U-pipe Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE) are widely used today in ground source heating and cooling systems in spite of their less than optimal performance. This thesis provides a better understanding on the function of U-pipe BHEs and Investigates alternative methods to reduce the temperature difference between the circulating fluid and the borehole wall, including one thermosyphon and three different types of coaxial BHEs.

    Field tests are performed using distributed temperature measurements along U-pipe and coaxial heat exchangers installed in groundwater filled boreholes. The measurements are carried out during heat injection thermal response tests and during short heat extraction periods using heat pumps. Temperatures are measured inside the secondary fluid path, in the groundwater, and at the borehole wall. These type of temperature measurements were until now missing.

    A new method for testing borehole heat exchangers, Distributed Thermal Response Test (DTRT), has been proposed and demonstrated in U-pipe, pipe-in-pipe, and multi-pipe BHE designs. The method allows the quantification of the BHE performance at a local level.

    The operation of a U-pipe thermosyphon BHE consisting of an insulated down-comer and a larger riser pipe using CO2 as a secondary fluid has been demonstrated in a groundwater filled borehole, 70 m deep. It was found that the CO2 may be sub-cooled at the bottom and that it flows upwards through the riser in liquid state until about 30 m depth, where it starts to evaporate.

    Various power levels and different volumetric flow rates have been imposed to the tested BHEs and used to calculate local ground thermal conductivities and thermal resistances. The local ground thermal conductivities, preferably evaluated at thermal recovery conditions during DTRTs, were found to vary with depth. Local and effective borehole thermal resistances in most heat exchangers have been calculated, and their differences have been discussed in an effort to suggest better methods for interpretation of data from field tests.

    Large thermal shunt flow between down- and up-going flow channels was identified in all heat exchanger types, particularly at low volumetric flow rates, except in a multi-pipe BHE having an insulated central pipe where the thermal contact between down- and up-coming fluid was almost eliminated.

    At relatively high volumetric flow rates, U-pipe BHEs show a nearly even distribution of the heat transfer between the ground and the secondary fluid along the depth. The same applies to all coaxial BHEs as long as the flow travels downwards through the central pipe. In the opposite flow direction, an uneven power distribution was measured in multi-chamber and multi-pipe BHEs.

    Pipe-in-pipe and multi-pipe coaxial heat exchangers show significantly lower local borehole resistances than U-pipes, ranging in average between 0.015 and 0.040 Km/W. These heat exchangers can significantly decrease the temperature difference between the secondary fluid and the ground and may allow the use of plain water as secondary fluid, an alternative to typical antifreeze aqueous solutions. The latter was demonstrated in a pipe-in-pipe BHE having an effective resistance of about 0.030 Km/W.

    Forced convection in the groundwater achieved by injecting nitrogen bubbles was found to reduce the local thermal resistance in U-pipe BHEs by about 30% during heat injection conditions. The temperatures inside the groundwater are homogenized while injecting the N2, and no radial temperature gradients are then identified. The fluid to groundwater thermal resistance during forced convection was measured to be 0.036 Km/W. This resistance varied between this value and 0.072 Km/W during natural convection conditions in the groundwater, being highest during heat pump operation at temperatures close to the water density maximum.

    Download full text (pdf)
    José Acuña - Doctoral Thesis
  • 11.
    Adevik, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Effekt av överlast på förstärkt jord: FEM- analys för att visa överlastens verkningsgrad på krypsättningar i kalkcementpelarförstärkt lös jord2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Applicering av överlast på kalkcementförstärkta jordar är ofta förekommande idag, forskning indikerar dock på att överlasten här, inte ger samma effekt som på oförstärkta jordar. Med grund i uppmätta värden i fält, visas i denna rapport, sättningsdifferenser mellan att använda överlast jämfört med att endast applicera brukslast. Resultat av analyserna visar på sättningsbeteende observerat i fält. Om erforderlig liggtid för brukslast finns, uppstår endast små sättningsdifferenser mellan att använda överlast eller inte.

    Genom att utföra sensitivitetsanalys i FEM- programvaran PLAXIS studeras kryputvecklingen i den förstärkta jorden. Effekten av att applicera en överlast visas för krypsättningar över lång tid.

    Inget resultat från de numeriska FEM- analyserna visade att märkbart gynnsam effekt uppstår på grund av överlastens applicering, med avseende på krypsättningar.

    De numeriska analyserna utförs i 2 och 3 dimensioner för att belysa effekt av förenkling av ett lastfall som inte uppfyller krav för oförstärkta jordar i plant töjningstillstånd.

    Utöver detta ges efter en litteraturstudie, förslag på hur vissa indataparametrar kan utvärderas från empiriska relationer. Indataparametrar som ligger till grund för analyserna är utvärderade från sonderingsresultat i kombination med värden från laborationsförsök och empiriska data.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 12.
    Adnan, Simat
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Ton, Jann
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Optimization in Design of End-Bearing Concrete and Steel Piles with Regard to Climate Impact: Climate Conscious Material Choices in Early Project Planning2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental sustainability is becoming more popular in the building industry. Sustainable thinking needs to be present during the whole construction process, from the idea phase to the final stages. The aim of this master thesis is to investigate how end-bearing concrete and steel pipes as well as composite concrete-filled steel tube piles can be designed with greater consideration to climate impact. The purpose of this study is primarily to encourage awareness during the material choice phase in early stages of project planning.

    A Matlab code was programmed to perform a parametric study and analyze different parameters effect on pile bearing capacity. The structural bearing capacity of a number of different piles with various prerequisites were compiled in tables. The climate impact of the piles was expressed as global warming potential (GWP). In order to compare different pile types a functional unit was created as the ratio of the piles' bearing capacity and the corresponding climate impact. The ratio was calculated for all the piles and resulted in a number of figures with bearing capacity as a function of climate impact. These figures are supposed to be used as a basis to choose which pile type is most useful in a given situation. The usability of the results was verified with a calculation example. In the example, the figures were used to chose one pile out of several options as the most climate-efficient with the highest usage ratio.

    Finally, a number of general conclusions could be drawn regarding pile types. When the corrosion is small (<2 mm), it can be ascertained that steel pipes are to prefer over composite pipes. With larger corrosion (>2 mm), it can be ascertained that composite piles are preferable, specifically in cases were the soil is looser. However, in firmer soil, with undrained shear strength between 10-25 kPa, composite concrete-filled steel pipes are the better option. The results show that the contribution of the concrete to the bearing capacity of the composity files is minimal compared to the contribution of the decreased inner corrosion. This implies that it is more important to have the pipes filled with to prevent inner corrosion, rather than use a strong material that contributes to the bearing capacity. With that said, composite piles are not sustainable and different filling materials can be examined to further investigate whether there is another material with smaller climate impact that makes for piles with larger ratio of bearing capacity to climate impact. The main conclusion of the master thesis is that there needs to be a standardised approach to calculating climate impact from foundation construction and it should be included in a building's life cycle analysis (LCA).

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 13.
    Ahlund, Rasmus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Ögren, Oscar
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Pore pressures and settlements generated from two different pile drilling methods2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    For piling works in sensitive soil, especially in inner city projects, it is essential to be aware of the available methods and to choose the most suitable method to minimize the risk of damaging existing buildings or endanger the workers at the construction site. Down-the-hole drilling of piles is a relatively safe method and can be separated into drilling with air powered hammers and water powered hammers. This study compares water powered drilling with air powered drilling and shows that the impact on the soil generated by air powered drilling is larger than that from water powered drilling.

    A field study was carried out where 4 piles were drilled, two with air powered DTH drilling and two with water powered DTH drilling. The drilling was carried out in clay resting on an approximately 4 m layer of silt and friction soil. The total soil depth was about 12- 15 m. To analyze the soil influence, settlements were measured at ground level and in depth and pore pressure was measured in the middle of the clay layer. This study distinguished two major problems when drilling through this type of soil. The first is the risk of over-drilling in the friction layer. The second problem is the risk of increasing the pore pressure in the clay. Both these problems were experienced when using air powered drilling but for the water powered case only a small pore pressure increase and no over-drilling was observed. In conclusion, drilling with water has less influence on the soil in the sense that it gives a smaller effect on the pore water pressure and causes smaller settlements.

    Download full text (pdf)
    drilling_methods
  • 14.
    Ahmad, Alireza
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Wersäll, Carl
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, The KTH Railway Group.
    Norberg, Karl
    Sweco.
    Emam, Sacha
    Itasca.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    The influence of the rail beam on the settlement ofhigh-speed railway tracks: A discrete element studyManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Modelling railway embankments have two main challenges in the discrete ele-ment method (DEM). First, the granular material of the embankment consistof millions of fine angular particles which are difficult to model due to thelong computational time. As a result, researchers prefer to use spherical orscale-up particles as granular material. Also, it prevents the modeling of thehigher number of loading cycles. Second, the DEM is incapable of includingcontinuous rail beams due to its discrete nature. Therefore, most of the re-search is limited to ignoring the rail beam and other structural elements ofthe track. In this study, a DEM model is calibrated against the measure-ment results of a physical full-scale ballasted track. The model is then used toinvestigate the effect of including the rail beam for high-speed railways sub-jected to 2000 axle passages. The results show that although ignoring therail beam does not substantially affect the results for initial loading cycles,its influence is significant after a couple of hundred axle passages. The modelwithout a rail beam shows more principal stress rotation, more settlement,non-realistic vertical displacement of the sleepers, more particle rearrange-ment and more sleepers’ vibration. Therefore, it is necessary to include therail beam in the long-term analysis of the track to conclude realistic results.

  • 15.
    Ahmadi, Alireza
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Discrete element technique for modeling high-speed railway tracks2023Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Discrete element method (DEM) is a methodology to investigatethe interactions among granular materials. It analyzes the behavior of par-ticulate environments by solving force-displacement equations that adhereto Newton’s second law of motion. Despite its usefulness, the DEM is notwithout limitations, and researchers are still facing certain challenges thatrestrict them from performing detailed analyses of granular materials. Thisstudy addresses two issues in DEM modeling of granular materials in rail-way embankments. Firstly, the long computational time required by theDEM for modeling fine angular particles in granular materials is addressedby exploring the effects of particle scaling on the shear behavior of granularmaterial. This study investigates the impact of particle size distribution,particle angularity, and the amount of scaling on the accuracy and compu-tational efficiency of DEM. Secondly, the limitations of DEM in includingthe continuous rail beam structure in the track are addressed by verifyinga DEM model against physical measurements of a full-scale ballasted trackand investigating the influence of including the rail beam structure on high-speed railway ballasted tracks. The results show that the use of particlescaling in the first study significantly improves the computational efficiencyof the DEM while maintaining accuracy, and this method is used in thesecond study to investigate the influence of the rail beam structure on thebehavior of railway tracks.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 16. Ahmed, K. M.
    et al.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Geochemistry and Ecotechnology.
    Hasan, M. A.
    Rahman, M
    von Brömssen, Mattias
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Geochemistry and Ecotechnology.
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Geochemistry and Ecotechnology.
    Hossain, Mohammed
    Islam, M. Mainul
    Rahman, Marina
    Rashid, S.M.A.
    Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation (SASMIT) in Bangladesh: The Matlab strategy2010In: Abstracts with programs (Geological Society of America), ISSN 0016-7592, Vol. 42, no 5, p. 652-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 17. Ahmed, K. M.
    et al.
    Sultana, S.
    Hasan, M. A.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Geochemistry and Ecotechnology.
    Hasan, M. K.
    Burgess, W. K.
    Hoque, M. A.
    Groundwater quality contrasts between Upper and Lower Dupi Tila Aquifers in Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh2011In: Groundwater quality contrasts between Upper and Lower Dupi Tila Aquifers in Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh: Proc. 7th International Groundwater Quality Conference, 2011, p. 71-74Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dhaka is one of the fastest growing megacities of the world and is set to become the third largest by 2025. Currently about 86% of the municipal water supply comes from over 500 wells drilled in the Dupi Tila aquifers underlying the city. The Upper Dupi Tila aquifer (UDTA) is overexploited and a large part has been dewatered; abstractions from the lower Dupi Tila started only recently. Results of water analysis and EC surveys have been used to decipher the variations in groundwater quality in the UDTA and LDTA. EC surveys reveal a systematic deterioration of water quality in the vicinity of the Buriganga River in southeast Dhaka. The UDTA is more widely affected by anthropogenic processes than the LDTA, which still largely exhibits its intrinsic water quality characteristics. Regular monitoring and proper management practices are essential to protect the quality of this precarious resource.

  • 18.
    Al Omari, Roaa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Alali, Yasmeen
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Grouting Design Considering Different Geological Conditions: Grout evaluation for the extension of the Blue Metro Line2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    This thesis forms the basis for a new documented experience of grouting design and work in the extension of the blue metro line in Stockholm. It includes documentation of the grouting design based on theoretical basis, stop criteria and fan geometries for favorable and unfavorable geological conditions. The work is concerned in evaluating the design stop criteria in different geological conditions to assess the efficiency of grouting process, and its compatibility to the maximum permissible leakage according to applications submitted to the land and environmental court in Stockholm.

    The work was conducted in cooperation with TYPSA AB and SWECO; the joint venture who designed the grouting work.

    This work was initiated by studying the design documents and reports, requirements, geological and hydrogeological prognosis documents. Six access tunnels were analyzed, with different work percentage based on the actual work achieved at the site at the time of conducting the study. Each access tunnel stretch was determined in terms of geological condition (rock quality), hydrogeological domain, and grouting class (IK1, IK2 or IK3). Evaluations and assessments were done for different aspects including evaluating the grout volume uptake per each grouting class, calculating the percentage of boreholes that stopped by time, volume or zero flow per grouting class, and comparing the measured leakage with prognosed leakage to check the efficiency of the design and implementation phases. RTGC (Real Time Grouting Control) method was also applied on some fans to check its validity in grout optimization, knowing that it is a relatively new method and not yet fully validated.

    The results showed that geological mappings during the implementation phase were slightly different from the mappings done during the design phase, which is expected due to the high uncertainties in rock mass science. It was also shown that the design stop criteria in this project were promising, through which they have satisfied the requirements according to the application to the land and environmental court. Average grout uptake in typical injection classes were compatible with the results in City Line projects, where the average grout uptake in 2 L/m. However, results also showed that in weakness zones, the average grout uptake was different with high standard deviations. Knowing the fact that unfavorable geological conditions were classified based on different parameters, it is not possible to find one reference value for the grout uptake, but instead results can be used as references in similar geological conditions in main tunnels work and future projects. Some recommendations are made in this thesis on the design stop criteria in weakness zones, surface rock domains, and at fans injected at large water depth. These zones always form the basis for controversial discussions and thus, if documentation of grouting work is carried out and continued in this project, then more knowledge can be gained and transferred to other projects. As part of this thesis, RTGC was applied in favorable conditions where it showed very promising results, the matter that makes it possible to optimize the stop criteria and actual work by conducting trial grouting. However, in unfavorable geological conditions, the RTGC could not be applied because the dimensionality of the flow is 3D, while RTGC was developed for 1D and 1D flow. Therefore, and since it was proven to be as a promising tool, further studies are recommended to develop the method for 3D flow.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 19.
    Alamaa, Angelica
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    High-speed railway embankments: a comparison of different regulation2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Swedish transport administration initiated this Master Thesis project and the aim was to compare regulations for the design of high-speed railways from three European countries: France, Germany and Spain. The reason why this is of interest for the Swedish transport administration is the design of the first Swedish high-speed railway, called Ostlänken. Therefore, a literature study of the regulations and other literature regarding high-speed railway has been carried out. A basic description of railway components, slab track and ballasted tracks is presented.

    Ballasted embankments usually consist of a trackbed layer (ballast onto subballast), and the ultimate thickness of this layer is discussed, as there are a number of methods available to calculate the appropriate thickness, with a number of different design parameters. These design methods results in different trackbed thickness and choosing the “wrong” method might lead to an overestimation or underestimation of the trackbed layer. Constructing a ballastless railway line means that the ballast is replaced by another material, usually a slab made of reinforced concrete or asphalt, and the rail is cast onto this slab. Countries design their slab using different methods. Germany has constructed high-speed railway lines with a slab track solution, generally slabs with low flexible stiffness. France has until recently constructed their high-speed line ballasted but is now developing a new slab track technique, called NBT (New Ballastless Track) and Spain uses various methods.

    It is difficult to compare the regulations, however, there are some factors that at least begin to explain the differences between the countries: the frost hazard, the inherent ground quality, purpose with the railway (mixed traffic, solely passenger traffic, etc.), design parameters (life, axle load, etc.). Furthermore, the settlement requirements, soil classification and bearing capacity are factors that varies from country to country, but the origin for this variation is harder to detect.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 20.
    Alcalá Perales, Diego
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics. UPV.
    Spatial variation in uplift pressure and correlation with rock mass conditions under two buttress dams: A case study of Ramsele and Storfinnforsen dams2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Uplift water pressure is one of the dominating forces with signicant impact acting on a dam. It is usually measured with piezometers installed along the dam. However, the value of the pressure along the dam is often hard to measure due to the limited number of piezometers available (Bernstone et al., 2009). Furthermore, uplift pressure can oscillate substantially in a single hole both with time and also spatially under the dam due to the combination of rock mass characteristics in the foundation, loads and temperature variations.There is still a lack of information regarding the magnitude and variation of the uplift pressure. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the spatial variation of the uplift pressure based on uplift pressure measurements taken from Storfinnforsen and Ramsele dams. The aim is also to investigate how the uplift pressure depends on the rock mass conditions. The two dams Storfinnforsen and Ramsele provides a unique opportunity due to the signicant amount of piezometers, 270 in total, installed along the rock foundation for the new monitoring programme at the monoliths of both dams.Based on the measured uplift pressure, a probabilistic distribution has been assigned to the uplift pressure. In addition, a possible correlation between the rock mass quality and the uplift pressure as well as the joint aperture and the uplift pressure was analysed.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Diego_Master_Thesis
  • 21. Alejano, L. R.
    et al.
    Bedi, A.
    Bond, A.
    Ferrero, A. M.
    Harrison, J. P.
    Lamas, L.
    Migliazza, M. R.
    Olsson, R.
    Perucho, Á.
    Sofianos, A.
    Stille, Håkan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Virely, D.
    Rock engineering design and the evolution of Eurocode 72013In: ISRM International Symposium - EUROCK 2013, International Society for Rock Mechanics , 2013, p. 777-782Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Eurocode for Geotechnical Design, EN-1997-1:2004, informally known as Eurocode 7 or EC7, was fully implemented within the European Union in 2010. This Eurocode is intended to apply to all geotechnical engineering design, including rock engineering. In recognition that all codes must continue to evolve in order to remain applicable, and the long time that such evolution takes, work is already underway under the auspices of the European Committee for Standardisation, CEN, to identify how the code should develop for future revisions. This paper presents a summary of the maintenance procedures for Eurocodes in general and the specific maintenance work currently being undertaken on EC7 in respect of rock engineering design. It also highlights potential future development of EC7, and the need for enthusiastic involvement by the European rock engineering community to direct these developments. 

  • 22.
    Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. WSP Civils, Department of Geographic Information and Asset Management, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Optimal Design in Geodetic GNSS-based Networks2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    An optimal design of a geodetic network helps the surveying engineers maximise the efficiency of the network. A number of pre-defined quality requirements, i.e. precision, reliability, and cost, of the network are fulfilled by performing an optimisation procedure. Today, this is almost always accomplished by implementing analytical solutions, where the human intervention in the process cycle is limited to defining the requirements. Nevertheless, a trial and error method can be beneficial to some applications. In order to analytically solve an optimisation problem, it can be classified to different orders, where an optimal datum, configuration, and optimal observation weights can be sought such that the precision, reliability and cost criteria are satisfied.

    In this thesis, which is a compilation of six peer-reviewed papers, we optimised and redesigned a number of GNSS-based monitoring networks in Sweden by developing new methodologies. In addition, optimal design and efficiency of total station establishment with RTK-GNSS is investigated in this research.

    Sensitivity of a network in detecting displacements is of importance for monitoring purposes. In the first paper, a precision criterion was defined to enable a GNSS-based monitoring network to detect 5 mm displacements at each network point. Developing an optimisation model by considering this precision criterion, reliability and cost yielded a decrease of 17% in the number of observed single baselines implying a reliable and precise network at lower cost. The second paper concerned a case, where the precision of observations could be improved in forthcoming measurements. Thus a new precision criterion was developed to consider this assumption. A significant change was seen in the optimised design of the network for subsequent measurements. As yet, the weight of single baselines was subject to optimisation, while in the third paper, the effect of mathematical correlations between GNSS baselines was considered in the optimisation. Hence, the sessions of observations, including more than two receivers, were optimised. Four out of ten sessions with three simultaneous operating receivers were eliminated in a monitoring network with designed displacement detection of 5 mm. The sixth paper was the last one dealing with optimisation of GNSS networks. The area of interest was divided into a number of three-dimensional elements and the precision of deformation parameters was used in developing a precision criterion. This criterion enabled the network to detect displacements of 3 mm at each point.

    A total station can be set up in the field by different methods, e.g. free station or setup over a known point. A real-time updated free station method uses RTK-GNSS to determine the coordinates and orientation of a total station. The efficiency of this method in height determination was investigated in the fourth paper. The research produced promising results suggesting using the method as an alternative to traditional levelling under some conditions. Moreover, an optimal location for the total station in free station establishment was studied in the fifth paper. It was numerically shown that the height component has no significant effect on the optimal localisation.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Doctoral Thesis - MAAK
  • 23.
    Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Optimization of Lilla Edet Land Slide GPS Monitoring Network2014Conference paper (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Poster - NKG
  • 24.
    Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. WSP Civils, Department of Geographic Information and Asset Management.
    Eshagh, Mehdi
    University West, Department of Engineering Science.
    Jensen, Anna B. O.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Optimization of Deformation Monitoring Networks using Finite Element Strain Analysis2018In: Journal of Applied Geodesy, ISSN 1862-9016, E-ISSN 1862-9024, Vol. 12, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An optimal design of a geodetic network can fulfill the requested precision and reliability of the network, and decrease the expenses of its execution by removing unnecessary observations. The role of an optimal design is highlighted in deformation monitoring network due to the repeatability of these networks. The core design problem is how to define precision and reliability criteria. This paper proposes a solution, where the precision criterion is defined based on the precision of deformation parameters, i.e. precision of strain and differential rotations. A strain analysis can be performed to obtain some information about the possible deformation of a deformable object. In this study, we split an area into a number of three-dimensional finite elements with the help of the Delaunay triangulation and performed the strain analysis on each element. According to the obtained precision of deformation parameters in each element, the precision criterion of displacement detection at each network point is then determined. The developed criterion is implemented to optimize the observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS) in Skåne monitoring network in Sweden. The network was established in 1989 and straddled the Tornquist zone, which is one of the most active faults in southern Sweden. The numerical results show that 17 out of all 21 possible GPS baseline observations are sufficient to detect minimum 3 mm displacement at each network point.

  • 25.
    Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Eshagh, Mehdi
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. University West, Department of Engineering Science.
    Sjöberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    The Effect of Instrumental Precision on Optimisation of Epoch-Wise Displacement Networks2015Conference paper (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    Poster - IUGG
  • 26.
    Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. WSP Civils, Department of Geographic Information and Asset Management.
    Horemuž, Milan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Jensen, Anna B. O.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Vium Andersson, Johan
    WSP Civils, Department of Geographic Information and Asset Management.
    Optimal Vertical Placement of Total Station2018In: Journal of Surveying Engineering, ISSN 0733-9453, E-ISSN 1943-5428Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When using the free station method, a Total Station (TS) is established by performing distance and angle observations toward a number of Control Points (CPs). The quality of the establishment is crucial for the quality of subsequent measurements. The optimal horizontal location of the TS has been investigated in previous studies. Even the vertical precision is important in many applications, especially with significant height variations. Therefore in this paper, we focus on the optimality of vertical location of the TS. As an optimality criterion, the sum of TS coordinates and orientation variances is used. To investigate the optimization problem, an analytical as well as a trial and error method is developed. Both methods showed that the height component has no significant influence on the optimal vertical placement of the TS. Inspection of results from the trial and error method, where the CPs are moved in different height layers, indicates differences in the height uncertainty of the establishment in micrometer range, which is negligible for most engineering applications.

  • 27.
    Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. WSP Civils, Department of Geographic Information and Asset Management.
    Jensen, Anna B. O.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Horemuž, Milan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Andersson, Johan Vium
    WSP Civils, Department of Geographic Information and Asset Management.
    Investigation of the RUFRIS Method with GNSS and Total Station for Leveling2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The establishment of leveling benchmarks for performing geodetic measurements, for instance in construction works, is usually costly and laborious due to a mass of field works in transferring the height from nearby known benchmarks. In this study, a real-time updated free station (RUFRIS) method is investigated to be used as an alternative approach for the traditional leveling. The coordinates of a RUFRIS station are determined by establishing a total station on the point, and performing a free-station by observing some points with both Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GNSS and total station distance and direction observations. The study is conducted based on data from the East Link project in Sweden, where a 150 km long high-speed railway is to be constructed. The results show a standard deviation of 7 mm between the RUFRIS and leveling heights in this project and imply the feasibility of replacing the traditional leveling methods with RUFRIS in projects with low accessibility to benchmarks.

  • 28.
    Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. WSP Civils, Department of Geographic Information and Asset Management.
    Sjöberg, Lars E.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Jensen, Anna B. O.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Optimisation of GNSS Networks - Considering Baseline Correlations2017In: Survey review - Directorate of Overseas Surveys, ISSN 0039-6265, E-ISSN 1752-2706, p. 1-8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    By considering GNSS observations one can perform optimisation according to some pre-defined criteria and come up with the best location of receivers and optimum number of baselines. In practice, it is quite common to neglect the effect of correlations between baselines, and instead assume single-baseline adjusted data in the optimisation procedure. However, in each session of observation usually more than two receivers are simultaneously taking data from a number of common GNSS satellites, implying that the single or double difference observations are correlated. Our study designs an optimal observation plan for a GPS network in Skåne in southern Sweden, with the aim of determining possible displacements. Assuming three receivers in each session of observations leads to correlation between the GPS baselines, and consequently a fully populated weight matrix for each session of observation. A bi-objective optimisation model of precision and reliability is chosen to optimise the variance factor of each session, and eventually, design an observation plan. It is shown in this study that observing 6 out of 10 possible sessions are sufficient to enable the network to detect a 5 mm displacement at each station. Assuming that the double difference phase observations are uncorrelated changes the observation plan by retaining 2 more sessions. However, defining the weight matrix based on the double difference observations requires the correlations to be taken into account, and neglecting them leads to incorrect results.

  • 29.
    Alizadeh Khameneh, Mohammad Amin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. WSP Civils, Department of Geographic Information and Asset Management.
    Sjöberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Jensen, Anna B. O.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Optimization of GNSS Deformation Monitoring Networks by Considering Baseline Correlations2016In: FIG Working Week 2016 Proceedings, 2016Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the study of deformations of man-made constructions or in geodynamics one usually needs to carefully monitor fixed objects attached to the deformable body. The purpose is to use precise observations to build up an accurate, reliable and possibly low-cost network around the objects to study their motion in short- or long-time intervals and to estimate the possible displacements or deformations among those objects. Frequently, such studies are performed to prevent unwanted disasters (e.g. due to earthquakes and landslides as well as the progressive or abrupt destruction of large-scale structures). This study is concerned with designing an optimal GNSS network to monitor possible deformations of a geodetic network.

    By considering GNSS observations one can perform the optimization according to some pre-defined criteria and come up with the best location of receivers and optimum number of baselines. In practice, it is quite common to neglect the effect of correlations between baselines, and instead use single-baseline adjusted data in the optimisation procedure. However, in each session of observation usually more than two receivers are simultaneously taking data from a number of common GNSS satellites. This procedure inevitably leads to between-baseline correlations. Our study designs an optimal observation plan for a GNSS monitoring network with the aim of determining possible displacements and deformations. The developed methodology will be tested on a simulated network with five points, where three receivers simultaneously take data from four satellites.

  • 30.
    Al-Naqshabandy, Mohammed
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Ultimate limit statedesign of LC columns2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 31.
    Al-Naqshabandy, Mohammed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Effect of Uncertainties of Improved Soil Shear Strength on the Reliability of Embankments2013In: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ISSN 1090-0241, E-ISSN 1943-5606, Vol. 139, no 4, p. 619-632Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The strength variability of soils improved by lime-cement columns is very high, and assessment of the reliability is associated with high uncertainty. Previous research on natural soils has shown that variability has a major impact on the reliability of geotechnical systems. However, concerning ground improvement with lime-cement columns, the effect of the uncertainties associated with improved strength properties on the reliability is unknown. This paper addresses the integration of reliability-based design in the design of embankments founded on soil improved by lime-cement columns by an analysis of a project conducted in Sweden. The uncertainties associated with estimating the strength property based on results from cone penetration tests and their effect on the assessed system reliability are addressed and discussed. The use of variance reduction with respect to the spatial variability of the shear strength of the columns was found to have a major influence on the assessed system reliability. Furthermore, it was found that the transformation uncertainty from measurements based on cone penetration tests has a significant impact on the assessed system reliability. System reliability cannot be improved significantly simply by performing a large number of tests.

  • 32.
    Al-Naqshabandy, Mohammed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Partial factor design for a highway embankment founded on lime-cement columns2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Stability assessment of highway embankments is a common practice in geotechnical engineering. Rational estimation of soil properties is essential for reliable and safe design. However, previous research has shown that high degree of uncertainty is associated with engineering properties and the behavior of the ground improvement with lime-cement columns. Current design methods for stability of lime-cement column are deterministic and the uncertainties are not treated rationally. A reliable design requires rational treatment of uncertainties. This paper addresses the need for application of partial factor design for safety and reliability assessment of lime-cement columns. The study was carried out on an example highway embankment of 6 m height. Resistance and load parameters were considered random variables. The sensitivity factors for the random variables were evaluated from the first order reliability method (FORM). Partial factors were evaluated for the random variables according to the approximate location of the design values. It was shown that the design by partial factor method fulfills both safety and reliability requirements.

  • 33.
    Al-Naqshabandy, Mohammed Salim
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Strength variability in lime-cement columns and its effect on the reliability of embankments2011Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Ground improvement by deep mixing (DM) is a generic term used for a number of methods in which a binding agent, often lime and/or cement, is mechanically mixed with the soil to increase its engineering properties. The inherent variability with respect to the engineering properties of the improved soil is high due to the variations in geology and the complex mixing process. High variability introduces uncertainty in estimating improved soil properties and the performance of the structure.

    Current design methodology deals with soil properties deterministically and the uncertainties involved are incorporated in a single value represented by a total factor of safety (FS). The chosen FS is highly dependent on the engineer’s judgment and past experience, in which both of these factors vary between different geotechnical designers. Therefore, current design methodology used in practice for DM does not deal with uncertainties in a rational way. In order to design a geotechnical system with the desired level of confidence, the uncertainties involved must be integrated in the DM design. This can be achieved by using reliability-based design (RBD) methods.

    The research work in this thesis is presented as a collection of three papers. In the first paper, a comprehensive statistical analysis of cone penetration test (CPT) data is described. The objective was to make a contribution to empirical knowledge by evaluating the strength variability of lime-cement columns within the group of tested columns. In the second paper, the effect of the spatial variability and statistical uncertainty with regard to the embankment’s reliability was investigated within the framework of RBD. The study in the third paper investigated the strength variability in lime-cement columns based on two test methods, namely CPT and column penetration test (KPS). In this study, the effect of different test methods on the evaluation of the design value was addressed.

    The main conclusions from this study can be summarized as follows. First, the probability distribution function (PDF) for the undrained shear strength of lime-cement columns can be modeled in RBD as normal or log-normal distributions. However, the use of log-normal distribution is recommended for RBD analyses. Second, the evaluated scales of fluctuation indicate ranges of 2 to 4 m and 0.2 to 0.8 m in the horizontal and the vertical directions respectively. This means that in order to fulfill the requirements of independent/uncorrelated samples for assessment of the design value, the spacing between samples must exceed the horizontal scale of fluctuation. It is therefore proposed that the spacing between individual samples should be at least 4 meters. Third, the design values evaluated using CPT and KPS were approximately the same. However, the inherent variability evaluated differs due to the larger volume tested with the KPS probe than with the CPT probe. However, this difference was not significant between the two tests. Fourthly, due to the limitation in the deterministic design in terms of dealing with uncertainties, it is recommended that RBD design should be used in parallel with the deterministic design of lime-cement column.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Lic
  • 34.
    Al-Naqshabandy, Mohammed Salim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Bergman, Niclas
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Effect of spatial variability of the strength properties in lime-cement columns on embankment stability2012In: Geotechnical Special Publication, ISSN 0895-0563, Vol. 228, p. 231-242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spatial variability with respect to the strength in lime-cement columns is an unavoidable source of uncertainty that should be considered in design. Current design method for the assessment of embankment stability, based on the deterministic factor of safety, cannot address the effect of spatial variability. Reliability-based design methodology is a powerful tool that can be used to integrate the variability into the analysis. In this paper, the spatial variability with respect to the undrained shear strength in the soil and in the columns was evaluated based on CPT test. The first order second moment (FOSM) reliability method was applied to address the impact of the spatial variability of the strength in the soil and in the columns on the reliability of an embankment founded on improved soil by lime-cement columns. The paper also presents a technique to evaluate the variance reduction factor over the failure surface. The results propose that the undrained shear strength in the soil and in the columns can be modelled following normal or lognormal distribution. The analysed example show that the reliability increased significantly when the spatial variability was considered

  • 35.
    Al-Naqshabandy, Mohammed Salim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Bergman, Niclas
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Strength variability in lime-cement columns based on CPT data2012In: Ground Improvement, ISSN 1365-781X, E-ISSN 1751-7621, Vol. 165, no 1, p. 15--30Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Natural and improved soils have relatively high inherent property variability that should be taken into consideration in design. Investigations of the spatial variability in lime-cement columns are important since they provide a rational quantification of the variability parameters needed for a reliability-based design analysis of geotechnical systems. Statistical analyses are used to evaluate the spatial variability parameters, i.e. the mean, the variance, and the scale of fluctuation, which is the distance within which soil properties reveal strong correlation. This paper presents a field test, in which 30 CPT soundings were performed and analyzed statistically in order to address the spatial variability in a group of lime-cement columns, with respect to the cone tip resistance. The objective of this paper is to describe the statistical analyses and to make a contribution to the empirical knowledge about strength variability in a volume of lime-cement columns. Stationarity has been assessed, and the scale of fluctuation has been evaluated in the vertical and horizontal directions. Random field theory was used based on the sample autocorrelation function ACF. The scale of fluctuation was found to be within the range of 0.2-0.7 m and 2-3 m in the vertical and horizontal direction, respectively. A simple design consideration shows that the variance reduction factor has a major influence on the determination of the design value.

  • 36. Amiri, V.
    et al.
    Kamrani, S.
    Ahmad, A.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Mansoori, J.
    Groundwater quality evaluation using Shannon information theory and human health risk assessment in Yazd province, central plateau of Iran2020In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the most arid province of Iran, Yazd. It is highly dependent on groundwater resources to meet the domestic, industrial, and agricultural water demand. Position of water samples on the modified Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction with silicates and the increase in direct cation exchange are responsible for the increased salinity of groundwater. Based on entropy theory, the decreasing order of importance of variables in controlling groundwater chemistry is Fe &gt; As &gt; Ba &gt; Hg &gt; NO2 &gt; Pb &gt; K &gt; Cl &gt; Na &gt; Mg &gt; SO4 &gt; NO3 &gt; HCO3 &gt; Ca. The results of entropy weighted water quality index (EWWQI) calculation show that about 34 and 32% of 206 samples in the wet and dry seasons, respectively, are classified as extremely poor quality (ranks 4 and 5). Approximately 60 and 55% of 206 samples in wet and dry seasons, respectively, have excellent, good, and medium quality (ranks 1, 2, and 3). The non-carcinogenic human health risk (NHHR) from intake and dermal contact pathways using deterministic approach show that 36 and 17 samples in both seasons are not suitable for drinking by children. Furthermore, 9 and 2 samples are not suitable for drinking by adults. The results show that children are more vulnerable than adults to these health risks. The non-carcinogenic risks through dermal contact were negligible.

  • 37.
    Amiri, Vahab
    et al.
    Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
    Li, Peiyue
    School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054, China Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710054, China.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering. KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
    Nakhaei, Mohammad
    Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
    Mercury pollution in the coastal Urmia aquifer in northwestern Iran: potential sources, mobility, and toxicity2021In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ISSN 0944-1344, E-ISSN 1614-7499, Vol. 28, no 14, p. 17546-17562Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The concentration of total dissolved mercury (HgT) in surface and groundwater resources in the coastal parts of Urmia aquifer (NW of Iran) was investigated to identify the possible sources and sinks of mercury and the geochemical mechanisms controlling its mobilization. The distribution of water samples on the Piper diagram demonstrates that most samples have the Ca-Mg-HCO3 facies. From 62 water samples collected in this area, one sample contained HgT concentrations exceeding the maximum contaminant level recommended by the WHO (6 μg/L). The principal component analysis (PCA) produced five principal components. The positive moderate correlation of HgT with EC, Cl, K, Mg, and Na indicated that the weathering of geological formations was one of the main sources of mercury in groundwater samples. Position of water samples in Eh-pH regions where microorganisms involved in mercury methylation and mineralization were potentially active demonstrated that the aquifer had undergone sulfate reduction and had reached the final stage of the terminal electron accepting process (TEAP) sequence in the methane production processes which are limited to only 37% of the water samples that have anaerobic conditions. Some Hg-bearing species are in nonequilibrium geochemical conditions. The supersaturation of water samples with magnetite and goethite indicated that these Fe-bearing minerals could act as the strong reducing agents for the reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0).

  • 38. Amofah, Lea Rastas
    et al.
    Maurice, Christian
    Kumpiene, Jurate
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    The influence of temperature, pH/molarity and extractant on the removal of arsenic, chromium and zinc from contaminated soil2011In: Journal of Soils and Sediments, ISSN 1439-0108, E-ISSN 1614-7480, Vol. 11, no 8, p. 1334-1344Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose Normal soil washing leave high residual pollutant content in soil. The remediation could be improved by targeting the extraction to coarser fractions. Further, a low/high extraction pH and higher temperature enhance the pollutant removal, but these measures are costly. In this study, the utility of NaOH, oxalate-citrate (OC) and dithionite-citrate-oxalate (DCO) solutions for extracting of arsenic, chromium and zinc from contaminated soil were assessed and compared. In addition the effects of NaOH concentration and temperature on NaOH extractions, and those of temperature and pH on OC and DCO extractions, were evaluated. Materials and methods A two-level, full-factorial design with a centre point was implemented. Two factors, concentration and temperature,were evaluated in NaOH extractions, and pH and temperature for OC and DCO solutions. In all cases, the extraction temperature was 20A degrees C, 30A degrees C and 40A degrees C. The studied NaOH concentrations were 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1 M. The pH in OC solutions was 3, 5 and 7, and in DCO solutions, 4.7, 6.3 and 6.7. Water-washed and medium coarse soil fraction of arsenic, chromium and zinc contaminated soil was agitated for 15 min with the extraction solution. Results and discussion In NaOH extractions, the temperature and (less strongly) NaOH concentration significantly affected As and Cr mobilisation, but only the latter affected Zn mobilisation. Both pH and temperature significantly (and similarly) influenced As and Cr mobilisation in OC extractions, while only the pH influenced Zn mobilisation. In contrast, the extraction temperature (but not pH) influenced As, Cr and Zn mobilisation in DCO extractions. Conclusions For all extractants, mobilisation was most efficient at elevated temperature (40A degrees C). None of the extractants reduced the soil's As content to below the Swedish EPA's guideline value. Use of DCO is not recommended because dithionite has a short lifetime and residual arsenic contents in DCO-extracted soil are relatively high. Instead, sequential extraction with NaOH followed by OC solutions (affording significant reductions in As, Cr and Zn levels in the soil with short extraction times) at 40A degrees C is recommended.

  • 39.
    Andersson, Christer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Pelarförsök vid Äspö2005Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Andersson, Emil
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering.
    Evaluation of influence from matedness on the peak shear strength of natural rock joints2019Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, the rock mass is commonly used for construction of tunnels and caverns. The rockmass is also used as a foundation for large structures such as bridge abutments and dams. Forthese structures, the understanding of the rock mechanical properties play a key role for reachingan acceptable safety level and minimizing cost. One of the properties that has a high uncertaintyis the shear strength of rock joints. These rock joints constitute the weakest link in the rock massand often govern it´s strength. The uncertainty lies in the amount of factors that affect the shearstrength such as the degree of weathering, the matedness, the roughness of the surface and thescale. Various authors have tried to develop a failure criterion that can predict the peak shearstrength of rock joints and takes into account the influence of the various factors.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the ability of the newly developed Casagrande et al.criterion to determine the peak shear strength for perfectly mated and natural rock joints withdifferent degrees of matedness. All samples analyzed in this thesis have been scanned andcustomized to run in the programmed version of the Casagrande et al. criterion. This iterativeprocess will stop as the application reach the apparent dip angle where the total shearing force issmaller than the total sliding force. This angle combined with the basic friction angle gives thepeak friction angle for calculations of the peak shear strength.The result show that the Casagrande et al. criterion can predict the peak shear strength forperfectly mated joint. However, for the natural rock joint, as the degree of matedness decreases,the accuracy of the prediction of the peak shear strength decreases. The conclusion of this studyis that the Casagrande’s criterion cannot determine the peak shear strength of natural rock jointsand that further development of the Casagrande et al. criterion is needed taking this parameterinto account.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 41.
    Andersson, Jimmie
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Sannolikhetsbaseraddimensionering av geotekniskbärförmåga för pålar i grupp: En jämförelse mellan gällande normer och ensannolikhetsbaserad metod2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 42. Andreasson, Bo
    et al.
    Bahrekazemi, Mehdi
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Bodare, Anders
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Massarsch, Rainer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Nya tider, nya problem - ny SGF Markvibrationskommitté2007In: Väg och Vattenbyggaren, ISSN 0042-2177, no 4, p. 38-41Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 43.
    Ansell, Anders
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Concrete Structures.
    Guidelines for practical use when shotcreting close to blasting and vibrations in hard rock2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Uncertainty about the vibration levels that can be tolerated near newly sprayed concrete (shotcrete) often leads to excessively conservative limit values being used in the construction of tunnels and structures in rock, with additional costs and planning uncertainties as a result. Previously, it has only been possible to give general recommendations for safe vibration levels. A project with the aim of producing a set of practical vibration limit levels for shotcrete work close to blasting in hard rock has therefore been carried out. These recommendations span situations that may arise during "normal" construction in hard rock, and contain guidelines for safe distances and waiting times for newly sprayed shotcrete exposed to vibrations. In the project, the focus is on wet-mixed shotcrete on hard rock, of the type found in Sweden and Scandinavia.

    A large number of calculations have been carried out with a previously developed and relatively computationally effective numerical elastic stress wave propagation model. As input data, various combinations of the weight of explosives, distance, rock type, shotcrete type, shotcrete age and thickness are used. For each combination of input parameters, the stresses that arise at the bond interface between rock and shotcrete have been calculated. The results are saved in a database and can be illustrated graphically with a 3D surface, as a function of shotcrete age and distance to the explosive charge. This surface has then been compared with another, which represents the growth of bond strength between rock and shotcrete. The intersection curve between the two surfaces represents the limit for safe blasting, taking into account combinations of shortest distances and the youngest allowable shotcrete at time of blasting.

    The report contains a larger number of graphs showing limit values for safe blasting, which will be of value as reference in design work, enable comparisons with data from the field, and thereby feedback of experience. Based on the recommended limit values, dimensioning in the design stage will be made so that the results will be undamaged and safer shotcrete with longer life. Reduced need for re-spraying and repair leads to a high economic sustainability for large infrastructure projects and environmental sustainability when material consumption is reduced. The safety of tunnels and underground constructions will also be increased.

  • 44.
    Asplind, Moa
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Pore water pressure and settlements generated from water driven DTH-drilling: - A field study2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 300 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Foundation work can cause damage to adjacent buildings and infrastructure. Drilling is performed in sensitive areas in urban projects and where the ground conditions are difficult. It is important to be aware of the installation effects from drilling. Pneumatic drilling is commonly used in production but hydraulic drilling is advised in sensitive areas. Hydraulic drilling is believed to cause less disturbance in the ground, although there are no available field studies regarding the installation effects induced by water driven drilling.By measuring the pore water pressure and the settlements during the installation of a RD-pile wall the magnitude and extent of the installation effects induced by water powered DTH drilling is investigated in fill material and esker material. The results indicate settlements close to the installed piles in both materials, larger in the esker material. The pore pressure shows both increases and decreases in the esker material, the decreases implies the Venturi effect is present in water driven drilling. The pore water pressure changes are larger at the measurement point furthest away from drilling in the fill material but the settlements are the smallest there. The largest increases of the pore pressure are seen when the hammer flushes water out into the formation and not during drilling.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 45. Axelsson, Morgan
    et al.
    Larsson, Stefan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Column penetration tests for lime-cement columns in deep mixing - experiences in Sweden2003In: Geotechnical Special Publication, ISSN 0895-0563, Vol. 120, p. 681-694Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper column penetration tests for lime-cement columns in deep soil mixing are reviewed. In principle, column penetration tests and reversed column penetration tests are considered. Improved test techniques are presented and discussed based on tests from two test sites in Sweden. The investigations indicate that the reversed column penetration test is the most suitable method for the primary quality test with reference to the uniformity and continuity of the columns. The probe should, however, be installed by the lime-cement column machine short after the manufacturing of the column to avoid disturbances in the mixing process and to enable a random test selection.

  • 46.
    Bagherbandi, Mohammad
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning. University of Gävle, Sweden.
    Deformation monitoring using different least squares adjustment methods: A simulated study2016In: KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, ISSN 1226-7988, E-ISSN 1976-3808, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 855-862Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to investigate the ability of different least squares adjustment techniques for detecting deformation. A simulated geodetic netwo rk is used for this purpose. The observations are collected using the Total Station instrument in three epochs and different least squares adjustment methods are used to analyze the simulated network. The applied methods are adjustment-byelement, using variance-covariance components and Tikhonov regularization. For numerical computation, we utilized exist geodetic network around the simulated network and the deformation (changes in the simulated network) imposes to the object using a simulator in each epoch. The obtained results demonstrate that more accurate outcome for detection of small deformation is possible by estimating variance-covariance components. The difference of the estimated and the simulated deformations in the best scenario, i.e., applying variance-covariance components, is 0.2 and 0.1 mm in x and y directions. In comparison with adjustment by element and Tikhonov regularization methods the differences are 1.1 and 0.1 in x direction and 1.4 and 1.1 mm in y direction, respectively. In addition, it is also possible to model the deformation and therefore it can be seen that how the calculated displacement will affect the result of deformation modelling. It has been demonstrated that determining reasonable variance-covariance components is very important to estimate realistic deformation model and monitoring the geodetic networks.

  • 47.
    Bagherbandi, Mohammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Bai, Y.
    Sjöberg, L. E.
    Tenzer, R.
    Abrehdary, Majid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Satellite Positioning.
    Miranda, S.
    Alcacer Sanchez, J. M.
    Effect of the lithospheric thermal state on the Moho interface: A case study in South America2017In: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, ISSN 0895-9811, E-ISSN 1873-0647, Vol. 76, p. 198-207Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gravimetric methods applied for Moho recovery in areas with sparse and irregular distribution of seismic data often assume only a constant crustal density. Results of latest studies, however, indicate that corrections for crustal density heterogeneities could improve the gravimetric result, especially in regions with a complex geologic/tectonic structure. Moreover, the isostatic mass balance reflects also the density structure within the lithosphere. The gravimetric methods should therefore incorporate an additional correction for the lithospheric mantle as well as deeper mantle density heterogeneities. Following this principle, we solve the Vening Meinesz-Moritz (VMM) inverse problem of isostasy constrained by seismic data to determine the Moho depth of the South American tectonic plate including surrounding oceans, while taking into consideration the crustal and mantle density heterogeneities. Our numerical result confirms that contribution of sediments significantly modifies the estimation of the Moho geometry especially along the continental margins with large sediment deposits. To account for the mantle density heterogeneities we develop and apply a method in order to correct the Moho geometry for the contribution of the lithospheric thermal state (i.e., the lithospheric thermal-pressure correction). In addition, the misfit between the isostatic and seismic Moho models, attributed mainly to deep mantle density heterogeneities and other geophysical phenomena, is corrected for by applying the non-isostatic correction. The results reveal that the application of the lithospheric thermal-pressure correction improves the RMS fit of the VMM gravimetric Moho solution to the CRUST1.0 (improves ∼ 1.9 km) and GEMMA (∼1.1 km) models and the point-wise seismic data (∼0.7 km) in South America.

  • 48.
    Bagheri, Mehdi
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Block stability analysis using deterministic and probabilistic methods2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis presents a discussion of design tools for analysing block stability around a tunnel. First, it was determined that joint length and field stress have a significant influence on estimating block stability. The results of calculations using methods based on kinematic limit equilibrium (KLE) were compared with the results of filtered DFN-DEM, which are closer to reality. The comparison shows that none of the KLE approaches– conventional, limited joint length, limited joint length with stress and probabilistic KLE – could provide results similar to DFN-DEM. This is due to KLE’s unrealistic assumptions in estimating either volume or clamping forces.

    A simple mechanism for estimating clamping forces such as continuum mechanics or the solution proposed by Crawford-Bray leads to an overestimation of clamping forces, and thus unsafe design. The results of such approaches were compared to those of DEM, and it was determined that these simple mechanisms ignore a key stage of relaxation of clamping forces due to joint existence. The amount of relaxation is a function of many parameters, such as stiffness of the joint and surrounding rock, the joint friction angle and the block half-apical angle.

    Based on a conceptual model, the key stage was considered in a new analytical solution for symmetric blocks, and the amount of joint relaxation was quantified. The results of the new analytical solution compared to those of DEM and the model uncertainty of the new solution were quantified.

    Further numerical investigations based on local and regional stress models were performed to study initial clamping forces. Numerical analyses reveal that local stresses, which are a product of regional stress and joint stiffness, govern block stability. Models with a block assembly show that the clamping forces in a block assembly are equal to the clamping forces in a regional stress model. Therefore, considering a single block in massive rock results in lower clamping forces and thus safer design compared to a block assembly in the same condition of in-situ stress and properties.

    Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine which is  the most important parameter by assessing sensitivity factors and studying the applicability of the partial coefficient method for designing block stability.

    It was determined that the governing parameter is the dispersion of the half-apical angle. For a dip angle with a high dispersion, partial factors become very large and the design value for clamping forces is close to zero. This suggests that in cases with a high dispersion of the half-apical angle, the clamping forces could be ignored in a stability analysis, unlike in cases with a lower dispersion. The costs of gathering more information about the joint dip angle could be compared to the costs of overdesign. The use of partial factors is uncertain, at least without dividing the problem into sub-classes. The application of partial factors is possible in some circumstances but not always, and a FORM analysis is preferable.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 49.
    Bagheri, Mehdi
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Soil and Rock Mechanics.
    Shafiezadeh, N
    Continuum Modeling of Masjed E Soleyman Power House Cavern using an Empirical Continuum Media2006In: ARMA's Golden Rocks 2006 - 50 Years of Rock Mechanics, 2006Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerical modeling is a useful tool to design underground openings. Masjed ESoleyman Power House Cavern is one of the largest caverns in the Middle East. Ramamurthy introduced an empirical equivalent media in 1994. Ramamurthy Equivalentmedia was applied to a Finite element analysis. Phase2D software was used to analyzecontinuum media. The displacements obtained from Equivalent continuum analysis were compared to those measured by MultiPoint Borehole Extensometers (MPBX). 

  • 50.
    Bagheri, Mehdi
    et al.
    Iran Water and Power Development Co.
    Shafiezadeh, N
    Hajihassani, H.R.
    Discontinuum and Continuum Modeling of Masjed E Soleyman Power House Cavern2006In: Proceedings of the International Symposium of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, Eurock 2006: Eurock 2006 Multiphysics Coupling and Long Term Behaviour in Rock Mechanics, 2006, p. 689-693Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerical modelling is a useful tool to design underground openings. Masjed E Soleyman Power House Cavern is one of the largest caverns in the Middle East. Continuum and discontinuum analyses were performed to evaluate the stability of the cavern. Phase2D and UDEC softwares were used to analyse for continuum and discontinuum media respectively. The displacements obtained from continuum and discontinuum analyses were compared to those measured by Multiple Borehole Extensometers (MPBX).

1234567 1 - 50 of 657
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf