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  • 1. A. Hosseini, V.
    et al.
    Karlsson, L.
    Örnek, Cem
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Swerea KIMAB AB.
    Reccagni, P.
    Wessman, S.
    Engelberg, D.
    Microstructure and functionality of a uniquely graded super duplex stainless steel designed by a novel arc heat treatment method2018In: Materials Characterization, ISSN 1044-5803, E-ISSN 1873-4189, Vol. 139, p. 390-400Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel arc heat treatment technique was applied to design a uniquely graded super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), by subjecting a single sample to a steady state temperature gradient for 10 h. A new experimental approach was used to map precipitation in microstructure, covering aging temperatures of up to 1430 °C. The microstructure was characterized and functionality was evaluated via hardness mapping. Nitrogen depletion adjacent to the fusion boundary depressed the upper temperature limit for austenite formation and influenced the phase balance above 980 °C. Austenite/ferrite boundaries deviating from Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship (OR) were preferred locations for precipitation of σ at 630–1000 °C, χ at 560–1000 °C, Cr2N at 600–900 °C and R between 550 °C and 700 °C. Precipitate morphology changed with decreasing temperature; from blocky to coral-shaped for σ, from discrete blocky to elongated particles for χ, and from polygonal to disc-shaped for R. Thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria largely agreed with observations above 750 °C when considering nitrogen loss. Formation of intermetallic phases and 475 °C-embrittlement resulted in increased hardness. A schematic diagram, correlating information about phase contents, morphologies and hardness, as a function of exposure temperature, is introduced for evaluation of functionality of microstructures.

  • 2. Aarts, Mark
    et al.
    Reiser, Alain
    Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich, Switzerland.
    Spolenak, Ralph
    Alarcon-Llado, Esther
    Confined pulsed diffuse layer charging for nanoscale electrodeposition with an STM2022In: Nanoscale Advances, ISSN 25160230, Vol. 4, no 4, p. 1182-1190Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Abas, Riad Abdul
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Property measurements towards understanding process phenomena2005Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    The main objective of this industrially important work was to gain an increasing understanding of the properties of materials such as CMSX-4 nickel base super alloy, mould powder used in continuous casting of steel and coke used in blast furnace, with special reference to the thermal diffusivities. The measurements were carried out in a wide temperature range, solid, liquid, glassy and crystalline states.

    For CMSX-4 alloy, the thermal conductivities were calculated from the experimental thermal diffusivities. Both the diffusivities and conductivities were found to increase with increasing temperature. Microscopic analysis showed the presence of intermetallic phases such as NiTi and NiTi2 below 1253 K. In this region, the mean free path of the phonons is likely to be limited by scattering against lattice defects. Between 1253 K and solidus temperature, these phases dissolved in the alloy adding to the impurities in the matrix, which, in turn, caused a decrease in the thermal diffusivity. This effect was confirmed by annealing the samples at 1573 K. The thermal diffusivities of the annealed samples measured at 1277, 1403 and 1531 K were found to be lower than the thermal diffusivities of non-annealed samples and the values did not show any noticeable change with time. It could be related to the attainment of equilibrium with the completion of the dissolution of γ and γ´ phases during the annealing process.

    Liquid CMSX-4 does not show any change of thermal diffusivity with temperature. It may be attributed to the decreasing the mean free path being shorter than characteristic distance between two neighbouring atoms.

    On the other hand thermal diffusivities of mould powder having glassy and crystalline states decrease with increasing temperature at lower temperature and are constant at higher temperature except for one glassy sample.

    Analogously, the thermal diffusivity measurements of mould powder did not show any significant change with temperature in liquid state. It is likely to be due to the silicate network being largely broken down.

    The thermal diffusivity is increased with increasing crystallisation degree of mould powder, which is expected from theoretical considerations.

    The coke sample, taken from deeper level of the blast furnace, is found to have larger thermal diffusivity. This could be correlated to the average crystallite size along the structural c-axis, Lc, which is indicative of the higher degree of graphitisation. This was also confirmed by XRD measurements of the different coke samples. The degree of graphitisation was found to increase with increasing temperature. Further, XRD measurements of coke samples taken from different levels in the shaft of the blast furnace show that the graphitisation of coke was instantaneous between room temperature and 1473 K.

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  • 4.
    Abbadessa, Anna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology. Univ Santiago de Compostela, IDIS Res Inst, Ctr Res Mol Med & Chron Dis CIMUS, Campus Vida,Ave Barcelona S-N, Santiago De Compostela 15706, Spain.;Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol Pharm & Pharmaceut Technol, Campus Vida,Ave Barcelona S-N, Santiago De Compostela 15706, Spain..
    Dogaris, Ioannis
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology.
    Farahani, Saina Kishani
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology.
    Reid, Michael S.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Dept Mat & Surface Design, Drottning Kristinas Vag 61, SE-11428 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rautkoski, Hille
    VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Ltd, POB 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland..
    Holopainen-Mantila, Ulla
    VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland Ltd, POB 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland..
    Oinonen, Petri
    Ecohelix AB, Teknikringen 38, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology.
    Layer-by-layer assembly of sustainable lignin-based coatings for food packaging applications2023In: Progress in organic coatings, ISSN 0300-9440, E-ISSN 1873-331X, Vol. 182, article id 107676Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Packaging plays a critical role in ensuring food safety and shelf life by protecting against e.g., moisture, gases, and light. Polyethylene (PE) is widely used in food packaging, but it is mainly produced from non-renewable resources and it is an inefficient oxygen and light barrier. In this study, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of a sustainably produced lignin-based polymer (EH) with polyethylenimine (PEI) or chitosan (CH) was used to fabricate (partially or fully) bio-based coatings with the aim of improving barrier properties of PE films. The charge density of EH was calculated using a polyelectrolyte titration method and the hydrodynamic diameters of EH, PEI and CH were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). LbL assembly was monitored in situ via Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) and Stagnation Point Adsorption Reflectometry (SPAR). PE films were coated with a variable number of PEI/EH or CH/EH bilayers (BL) using an immersive LbL assembly method. Coated films were studied in terms of light-blocking ability, wettability, thermal behaviour, surface structure, as well as oxygen and water vapor barrier properties. QCM-D and SPAR data showed a stepwise multilayer formation and strong interactions between the oppositely charged polymers, with PEI/EH coating having a greater amount of deposited polymer compared to CH/EH coating at the same number of BL. Overall, light barrier properties and wettability of the coated films increased with the number of deposited bilayers. Coated PE films maintained the overall thermal behaviour of PE. A number of BL of 20 was found to be the most promising based on the studied properties. Selected samples showed improved oxygen and water vapor barrier properties, with PEI/EH coating performing better than CH/EH coating. Taken altogether, we demonstrated that a novel and sustainable lignin-based polymer can be combined with PEI or CH to fabricate (partially or fully) bio-based coatings for food packaging.

  • 5. Abbasalizadeh, A.
    et al.
    Sridar, S.
    Chen, Z.
    Sluiter, M.
    Yang, Y.
    Sietsma, J.
    Seetharaman, Seshadri
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Hari Kumar, K. C.
    Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of LiF-NdF3-DyF3 system2018In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, ISSN 0925-8388, E-ISSN 1873-4669, Vol. 753, p. 388-394Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrolysis of molten fluorides is one of the promising methods for the recovery and recycling of rare earth metals from used magnets. Due to the dearth of phase equilibria data for molten fluoride systems, thermodynamic modelling of LiF-DyF3-NdF3 system using the CALPHAD approach was carried out. Gibbs energy modelling for LiF-NdF3 and LiF-DyF3 systems was performed using the constitutional data from literature. Ab initio calculations were used to obtain enthalpy of reaction of LiDyF4, an intermediate phase that is found to exist in the LiF-DyF3 system. Differential thermal analysis was carried out for selected compositions in the NdF3-DyF3 system, in order to determine liquidus and solidus temperatures. The Gibbs energy parameters for the limiting binaries determined in this work is used for modelling the Gibbs energy functions of equilibrium phases in the ternary system. Selected compositions of LiF-NdF3-DyF3 were subjected to DTA in order to validate the calculated phase temperatures involving melt.

  • 6. Abbasalizadeh, A.
    et al.
    Teng, Lidong
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Seetharaman, Seshadri
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Sietsma, J.
    Yang, Y.
    Rare Earth Extraction from NdFeB Magnets and Rare Earth Oxides Using Aluminum Chloride/Fluoride Molten Salts2015In: Rare Earths Industry: Technological, Economic, and Environmental Implications, Elsevier, 2015, p. 357-373Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the current research, the feasibility of the recovery of neodymium and dysprosium from spent NdFeB magnets (about 6wt% Dy) was investigated using molten salt processes. The salt bath consisted of a eutectic composition of an NaCl-KCl-LiCl mixture. To enable the efficient dissolution of metal in the molten salt phase, AlCl3 was used as a chlorinating agent. Iron-free electrodeposition was carried out successfully. Energy-dispersive spectroscopic analysis of the electrodeposit revealed that co-deposition of the dysprosium occurs along with neodymium at the cathode. The process shows that this method is well suited for recovering rare earth metals from magnetic scrap containing these metals.Furthermore, the setup design for recovery of neodymium and dysprosium from their oxides was investigated with regard to previous studies on the neodymium magnets. The stability of different fluoride and chloride salts was studied by means of thermodynamic calculation. Aluminum fluoride-based molten salt systems were studied in detail as the electrolyte for electrochemical extraction of rare earth oxides into rare earth metal elements with Al.

  • 7.
    Abbasalizadeh, Aida
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Seetharaman, Seshadri
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Teng, Lidong
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Sridhar, Seetharaman
    Grinder, Olle
    Izumi, Yukari
    Barati, Mansoor
    Highlights of the Salt Extraction Process2013In: JOM: The Member Journal of TMS, ISSN 1047-4838, E-ISSN 1543-1851, Vol. 65, no 11, p. 1552-1558Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents the salient features of a new process for the recovery of metal values from secondary sources and waste materials such as slag and flue dusts. It is also feasible in extracting metals such as nickel and cobalt from ores that normally are difficult to enrich and process metallurgically. The salt extraction process is based on extraction of the metals from the raw materials by a molten salt bath consisting of NaCl, LiCl, and KCl corresponding to the eutectic composition with AlCl3 as the chlorinating agent. The process is operated in the temperature range 973 K (700 degrees C) to 1173 K (900 degrees C). The process was shown to be successful in extracting Cr and Fe from electric arc furnace (EAF) slag. Electrolytic copper could be produced from copper concentrate based on chalcopyrite in a single step. Conducting the process in oxygen-free atmosphere, sulfur could be captured in the elemental form. The method proved to be successful in extracting lead from spent cathode ray tubes. In order to prevent the loss of AlCl3 in the vapor form and also chlorine gas emission at the cathode during the electrolysis, liquid aluminum was used. The process was shown to be successful in extracting Nd and Dy from magnetic scrap. The method is a highly promising process route for the recovery of strategic metals. It also has the added advantage of being environmentally friendly.

  • 8. Abbasalizadeh, Aida
    et al.
    Seetharaman, Seshadri
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Venkatesan, Prakash
    Sietsma, Jilt
    Yang, Yongxiang
    Novel Reactive Anode for Electrochemical Extraction of Rare Earth Metals from Rare Earth Oxides2017In: RARE METAL TECHNOLOGY 2017 / [ed] Kim, H Alam, S Neelameggham, NR Oosterhof, H Ouchi, T Guan, X, SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG , 2017, p. 87-92Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrolytic production of metallic neodymium is carried out in fused fluoride salts containing neodymium oxide. Two major challenges pertaining to neodymium production are (a) low oxide solubility, (b) possibility of anodic fluorine gas evolution if the electrolysis rate exceeds feeding rate of neodymium oxide. In this study, a novel method is proposed in which iron fluoride (FeF3) is used as a fluorinating agent to convert neodymium oxide into neodymium fluoride. Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) results of as-converted salt show a complete conversion of neodymium oxide into neodymium fluoride. In the electrolysis process, iron is used as a reactive anode with electrochemical dissolution of iron into the melt, thus preventing fluorine gas evolution at the anode. Therefore, the fluorinating agent is constantly regenerated in situ which enables the continuous conversion of neodymium oxide feed. The cathodic product is a Nd-Fe alloy which can be directly used as a master alloy for the production of NdFeB permanent magnets.

  • 9.
    Abbasalizadeh, Aida
    et al.
    Delft Univ Technol TU Delft, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands..
    Seetharaman, Seshadri
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Venkatesan, Prakash
    Delft Univ Technol TU Delft, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands..
    Sietsma, Jilt
    Delft Univ Technol TU Delft, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands..
    Yang, Yongxiang
    Delft Univ Technol TU Delft, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mekelweg 2, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands..
    Use of iron reactive anode in electrowinning of neodymium from neodymium oxide2019In: Electrochimica Acta, ISSN 0013-4686, E-ISSN 1873-3859, Vol. 310, p. 146-152Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Electrolytic production of metallic neodymium is carried out in fused neodymium fluoride salts containing neodymium oxide. Two major challenges pertaining to neodymium production in fluoride salts are a) low solubility of neodymium oxide in fluoride melt, b) possibility of anodic gas evolution (CO, CO2, CF4, C2F6). In this study, iron is used as a reactive anode in the electrolysis process, promoting electrochemical dissolution of iron into the melt, preventing PFC (perfluorocarbon) gas evolution at the anode. Further, the rare earth oxide is converted to rare earth fluoride by the use of iron fluoride formed as the result of iron dissolution. Thus, the fluoridizing agent is constantly regenerated in-situ which enables the continuous conversion of neodymium oxide feed. The cathodic product is Nd-Fe alloy which can be used as a master alloy for the production of NdFeB magnets. 

  • 10.
    Abbasalizadeh, Aida
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Teng, Lidong
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Seetharaman, S.
    Dysprosium extraction using molten salt process2014In: Rare metal technology 2014: proceedings of a symposium sponsored by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) held during TMS 2014, 143rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition, February 16-20, 2014, San Diego Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA, 2014, p. 207-208Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Abbasalizadeh, Aida
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Teng, Lidong
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Sridhar, S.
    Seetharaman, Seshadri
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Neodymium extraction using salt extraction process2015In: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy: Section C, ISSN 0371-9553, E-ISSN 1743-2855, Vol. 124, no 4, p. 191-198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present paper deals with the feasibility of the neodymium recovery from spent Nd-Fe-B magnets using molten salt electrodeposition method. The salt bath consisted of a mixture of LiCl- KCl-NaCl corresponding to the eutectic composition. The experimental set-up with its salient features is presented. AlCl3 was used as flux and graphite rods dipped in the salt bath served as electrodes. The voltage for the electrolysis was chosen on the basis of the decomposition potential of NdCl3. The reaction sequence can be described as Iron-free neodymium deposition could be carried out successfully. In view of the proximity of the electrode potentials, the co-deposition of the aluminium and neodymium was observed to occur at the cathode, as revealed by SEM/EDS and XRD analyses of the electrodeposit.

  • 12.
    Abbasi, Mahmoud
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Applied Electrochemistry.
    Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanocomposite of chitosan/SiO2/carbon nanotubes and its application for dyes removal2017In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 145, p. 105-113Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The adsorption characteristics of Direct Blue 71 (DB71) and Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) from aqueous solution onto novel magnetic nanocomposite of Chitosan/SiO2/CNTs (MNCSC) have been investigated. The morphology of MNCSC was characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial pH as experimental parameters on the removal of dyes were investigated. The adsorption experiments indicated the maximum adsorption capacity occurred at pH 6.8 for DB71 and pH 2.0 for RB19. The experimental data were analyzed by isotherm models and equilibrium results were fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity of the MNCSM was determined to be 61.35 mg/g for DB71 (R-2 = 0.996) and 97.08 mg/g for RB19 (R-2 = 0.998). Adsorption data were analyzed with three kinetics models and pseudo second-order equation could best describe for adsorption of dyes. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters were determined. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 13.
    Abbasi, Saeed
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Machine Elements. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, The KTH Railway Group.
    Characterisation of airborne particles from rail traffic2011Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Since the investigation of wear particles in rail transport started in late-1910s, the high mass concentration of these particles has raised worries among researchers concerned with air quality. However, effective action has yet to be taken because of lack of relevant knowledge. This thesis provides applicable information for the airborne wear particles in rail transport. Some aspects of their characteristics such as diameter size, mass concentration, number concentration, and morphology of particles were investigated in field tests and laboratory tests.The effects on particle characterisations from different operational conditions in the field tests, and applying different braking materials, conducting tests in different applied loads or sliding velocities in the laboratory tests were studied. The main advantage of conducting laboratory tests was to focus on studying particles from one source. The possibility of repetition, using high sensitive instruments and conducting tests at low costs are the other advantages of laboratory studies. Paper A describes how a pin-on-disc machine was used to reproduce similar real operational conditions during mechanical braking in a train. The results were validated by comparing the field tests results with the laboratory studies. The particles morphology and size distribution were also studied.Paper B presents a summary of field tests results. The effects of curve negotiating and applying braking in different real conditions were investigated with an on-board measurement.The element composition of the particles and their potential sources were also investigated outside of the particles morphologies.Paper C presents comprehensive results from laboratory studies on airborne particles from different braking materials. The differences in the particle characteristics in similar test conditions were attributable to different material compositions and dominant wear mechanisms. A new index was introduced in this paper and is suggested to be used as a qualitative factor with regard to the airborne wear particle emission rate.Paper D is a review of the recent studies of exhaust emission and non-exhaust emission from rail vehicles. A summary of results, measurements, adverse health effects, and proposed or applied solutions are reviewed in this paper.

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  • 14.
    Abbasi-Ravasjani, Sonia
    et al.
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Ctr Dent Amsterdam ACTA, Dept Oral Cell Biol, Amsterdam Movement Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Seddiqi, Hadi
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Ctr Dent Amsterdam ACTA, Dept Oral Cell Biol, Amsterdam Movement Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Moghaddaszadeh, Ali
    Islamic Azad Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Sci & Res Branch, Tehran, Iran..
    Ghiasvand, Mohammad-Ehsan
    Amirkabir Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Tehran, Iran..
    Jin, Jianfeng
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Ctr Dent Amsterdam ACTA, Dept Oral Cell Biol, Amsterdam Movement Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Oliaei, Erfan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Bacabac, Rommel Gaud
    Univ San Carlos, Dept Phys, Med Biophys Grp, Cebu, Philippines..
    Klein-Nulend, Jenneke
    Univ Amsterdam, Acad Ctr Dent Amsterdam ACTA, Dept Oral Cell Biol, Amsterdam Movement Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl kappa-carrageenan immobilization on 3D-printed poly-epsilon-caprolactone scaffolds differentially promote pre-osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic activity2022In: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, E-ISSN 2296-4185, Vol. 10, article id 957263Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The lack of bioactivity in three-dimensional (3D)-printing of poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds limits cell-material interactions in bone tissue engineering. This constraint can be overcome by surface-functionalization using glycosaminoglycan-like anionic polysaccharides, e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a plant-based carboxymethylated, unsulfated polysaccharide, and kappa-carrageenan, a seaweed-derived sulfated, non-carboxymethylated polysaccharide. The sulfation of CMC and carboxymethylation of kappa-carrageenan critically improve their bioactivity. However, whether sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) and carboxymethyl kappa-carrageenan (CM-kappa-Car) affect the osteogenic differentiation potential of pre-osteoblasts on 3D-scaffolds is still unknown. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of surface-functionalization by SCMC or CM-kappa-Car on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed PCL scaffolds, as well as the osteogenic response of pre-osteoblasts. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were seeded on 3D-printed PCL scaffolds that were functionalized by CM-kappa-Car (PCL/CM-kappa-Car) or SCMC (PCL/SCMC), cultured up to 28 days. The scaffolds' physicochemical and mechanical properties and pre-osteoblast function were assessed experimentally and by finite element (FE) modeling. We found that the surface-functionalization by SCMC and CM-kappa-Car did not change the scaffold geometry and structure but decreased the elastic modulus. Furthermore, the scaffold surface roughness and hardness increased and the scaffold became more hydrophilic. The FE modeling results implied resilience up to 2% compression strain, which was below the yield stress for all scaffolds. Surface-functionalization by SCMC decreased Runx2 and Dmp1 expression, while surface-functionalization by CM-kappa-Car increased Cox2 expression at day 1. Surface-functionalization by SCMC most strongly enhanced pre-osteoblast proliferation and collagen production, while CM-kappa-Car most significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization after 28 days. In conclusion, surface-functionalization by SCMC or CM-kappa-Car of 3D-printed PCL-scaffolds enhanced pre-osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic activity, likely due to increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity. Surface-functionalization by SCMC most strongly enhanced cell proliferation, while CM-kappa-Car most significantly promoted osteogenic activity, suggesting that surface-functionalization by CM-kappa-Car may be more promising, especially in the short-term, for in vivo bone formation.

  • 15.
    Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Div Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16 C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Assiut Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Adv Multifunct Mat Lab, Assiut 71515, Egypt..
    Georgouvelas, Dimitrios
    Stockholm Univ, Div Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16 C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Edlund, Ulrica
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymer Technology.
    Mathew, Aji P.
    Stockholm Univ, Div Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Väg 16 C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    CelloZIFPaper: Cellulose-ZIF hybrid paper for heavy metal removal and electrochemical sensing2022In: Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN 1385-8947, E-ISSN 1873-3212, Vol. 446, article id 136614Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The processing of hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) into a cellulose paper using sheet former Rapid-Kothen (R.K.) is reported. The procedure is a promising route to overcome a significant bottleneck towards applying metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in commercial products. ZIF-8 crystals were integrated into cellulose pulp (CP) or TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) following an in-situ or ex-situ process; the materials were denoted as CelloZIFPaper_In Situ and CelloZIFPaper_Ex Situ, respectively. The materials were applied as adsorbents to remove heavy metals from water, with adsorption capacities of 66.2-354.0 mg/g. CelloZIFPaper can also be used as a stand-alone working electrode for the selective sensing of toxic heavy metals, for instance, lead ions (Pb2+), using electrochemical-based methods with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 mu M. The electrochemical measurements may advance 'Lab-onCelloZIFPaper' technologies for label-free detection of heavy metal ions.

  • 16.
    Abdel-Karim, R.
    et al.
    Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
    Reda, Y.
    Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
    Muhammed, Mamoun A.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    El-Raghy, S.
    Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
    Shoeib, M.
    Metals Technology Department Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute.
    Ahmed, H.
    Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University.
    Electrodeposition and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Ni-Fe Alloys2011In: Journal of Nanomaterials, ISSN 1687-4110, E-ISSN 1687-4129, p. 519274-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocrystalline Ni-Fe deposits with different composition and grain sizes were fabricated by electrodeposition. Deposits with iron contents in the range from 7 to 31% were obtained by changing the Ni(2+)/Fe(2+) mass ratio in the electrolyte. The deposits were found to be nanocrystalline with average grain size in the range 20-30 nm. The surface morphology was found to be dependent on Ni(2+)/Fe(2+) mass ratio as well as electroplating time. The grains size decreased with increasing the iron content, especially in case of short time electroplating. Increasing the electroplating time had no significant effect on grain size. The microhardness of the materials followed the regular Hall-Petch relationship with amaximum value (762 Hv) when applying Ni(2+)/Fe(2+) mass ratio equal to 9.8.

  • 17.
    AbdElKhalek, Y. M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Awad, M. I.
    Abd El Munim, H. E.
    Maged, S. A.
    Trajectory-based fast ball detection and tracking for an autonomous industrial robot system2021In: International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, ISSN 1740-8865, E-ISSN 1740-8873, Vol. 20, no 2, p. 126-145Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Autonomising industrial robots is the main goal in this paper; imagine humanoid robots that have several degrees of freedom (DOF) mechanisms as their arms. What if the humanoid's arms could be programmed to be responsive to their surrounding environment, without any hard-coding assigned? This paper presents the idea of an autonomous system, where the system observes the surrounding environment and takes action on its observation. The application here is that of rebuffing an object that is thrown towards a robotic arm's workspace. This application mimics the idea of high dynamic responsiveness of a robot's arm. This paper will present a trajectory generation framework for rebuffing incoming flying objects. The framework bases its assumptions on inputs acquired through image processing and object detection. After extensive testing, it can be said that the proposed framework managed to fulfil the real-time system requirements for this application, with an 80% successful rebuffing rate. 

  • 18. Abdi, Y.
    et al.
    Derakhshandeh, J.
    Hashemi, P.
    Mohajerzadeh, S.
    Karbassian, F.
    Nayeri, F.
    Arzi, E.
    Robertson, M. D.
    Radamson, Henry H.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Light-emitting nano-porous silicon structures fabricated using a plasma hydrogenation technique2005In: Materials Science and Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, ISSN 0921-5107, Vol. 124-125, no SUPPL., p. 483-487Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The preparation of porous silicon films by DC-plasma hydrogenation and subsequent annealing of amorphous silicon films on silicon and glass substrates is reported for the first time. The effects of varying plasma power and annealing temperatures have been investigated and characterized by scanning-electron microscopy, transmission-electron microscopy, and photoluminescence. A plasma density of about 5.5 W/m2 and hydrogenation-annealing temperatures of about 400 °C was found to be suitable for the formation of nano-crystalline silicon films with grain diameters of the order of 3-10 nm. The intensity and wavelength of the emitted visible light were found to depend on the hydrogenation and annealing conditions, and patterning of the silicon films using standard lithography allowed the creation of light-emitting patterns.

  • 19.
    Abdoshahi, Neda
    et al.
    Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Sci, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Dehghani, Mohammad
    Mat Ctr Leoben Forsch GmbH, Roseggerstr 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Hatzenbichler, Lukas
    Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Sci, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Spoerk-Erdely, Petra
    Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Sci, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Ruban, Andrei V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering. Mat Ctr Leoben Forsch GmbH, Roseggerstr 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria.
    Musi, Michael
    Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Sci, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Mayer, Svea
    Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Sci, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Spitaler, Juergen
    Mat Ctr Leoben Forsch GmbH, Roseggerstr 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Holec, David
    Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Sci, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Structural stability and mechanical properties of TiAl plus Mo alloys: A comprehensive ab initio study2021In: Acta Materialia, ISSN 1359-6454, E-ISSN 1873-2453, Vol. 221, p. 117427-, article id 117427Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Titanium aluminides are technologically important intermetallic alloys with also many curious properties interesting from a basic research point of view. When alloyed with Mo, several (meta)stable phases have been reported; their properties are, however, largely unknown due to the alloy processing (e.g. fast cooling) and/or non-existence as a single-phase material. Here we employ first principles calculations to study compositional trends in structural and mechanical properties. We could show that Mo increases the density of all studied phases, leads to their chemical destabilization with the exception of the ordered bcc /3o phase, increases their ductility, and enhances the elastic anisotropy. Discrepancies between two employed ab initio methods (special quasi-random structures vs. coherent potential approximation) in the case of the /3o and B19 phases are rationalized with significant local distortions which may eventually facilitate a spontaneous phase transformation. Predictions of ordering temperatures solely based on the configurational entropy do not yield values in the experimentally expected ranges.

  • 20.
    Abdoshahi, Neda
    et al.
    Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Sci, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Dehghani, Mohammad
    Mat Ctr Leoben Forsch GmbH, Roseggerstr 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Ruban, Andrei V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Structures. Mat Ctr Leoben Forsch GmbH, Roseggerstr 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Friak, Martin
    Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys Mat, Zizkova 22, CZ-61662 Brno, Czech Republic.;Brno Univ Technol, Fac Mech Engn, Inst Mat Sci & Engn, Tech 2896-2, CZ-61669 Brno, Czech Republic..
    Sob, Mojmir
    Czech Acad Sci, Inst Phys Mat, Zizkova 22, CZ-61662 Brno, Czech Republic.;Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Kotlarska 2, CZ-61137 Brno, Czech Republic..
    Spitaler, Juergen
    Mat Ctr Leoben Forsch GmbH, Roseggerstr 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    Holec, David
    Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Sci, Franz Josef Str 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria..
    On the energetics of the cubic-to-hexagonal transformations in TiAl plus Mo alloys2022In: Acta Materialia, ISSN 1359-6454, E-ISSN 1873-2453, Vol. 240, article id 118268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Diffusionless transformations allow access to metastable phases and enrich the materials design portfolio. They are well suited for atomistic modeling; nonetheless, they are challenging when involving disordered systems or alloys with complex compositions. This work presents a comprehensive study of transforma-tion energetics between bcc and hcp ordered and disordered phases in the TiAl+Mo model alloy system. By employing two complementary techniques I. VASP-SQS, and II. EMTO-CPA, we can show that chemical disorder flattens the energy landscape but may introduce a small barrier. Unlike that, the energetics of ordered phases are barrier-less and hence would suggest a spontaneous transformation. Finally, we show that Mo stabilizes the bcc phases, leading to a barrier-less transformation hcp -+ bcc for both ordered and disordered states when Mo content exceeds ti 12 at.%.

  • 21.
    Abdul Abas, Riad
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Experimental Studies of Thermal Diffusivities concerning some Industrially Important Systems2006Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    The main objective of this industrially important work was to gain an increasing understanding of the properties of some industrially important materials such as CMSX-4 nickel base super alloy, 90Ti.6Al.4V alloy, 25Cr:6Ni stainless steel, 0.7% carbon steel, AISI 304 stainless steel-alumina composites, mould powder used in continuous casting of steel as well as coke used in blast furnace with special reference to the thermal diffusivities. The measurements were carried out in a wide temperature range covering solid, liquid, glassy and crystalline states.

    For CMSX-4 alloy, the thermal conductivities were calculated from the experimental thermal diffusivities. Both the diffusivities and conductivities were found to increase with increasing temperature. Microscopic analysis showed the presence of intermetallic phases γ´ such as Ni3Al below 1253 K. In this region, the mean free path of the electrons and phonons is likely to be limited by scattering against lattice defects. Between 1253 K and solidus temperature, these phases dissolved in the alloy adding to the impurities in the matrix, which, in turn, caused a decrease in the thermal diffusivity. This effect was confirmed by annealing the samples at 1573 K. The thermal diffusivities of the annealed samples measured at 1277, 1403 and 1531 K were found to be lower than the thermal diffusivities of non-annealed samples and the values did not show any noticeable change with time. It could be related to the attainment of equilibrium with the completion of the dissolution of γ´ phase during the annealing process. Liquid CMSX-4 does not show any change of thermal diffusivity with temperature. It may be attributed to the decrease of the mean free path being shorter than characteristic distance between two neighbouring atoms.

    Same tendency could be observed in the case of 90Ti.6Al.4V alloy. Since the thermal diffusivity increases with increasing temperature below 1225 K and shows slight decrease or constancy at higher temperature. For 25Cr:6Ni stainless steel, the thermal diffusivity is nearly constant up to about 700 K. Beyond that, there is an increase with temperature both during heating as well as cooling cycle. On the other hand, the slope of the curve increases above 950 K, which can be due to the increase of bcc phase in the structure. 0.7% carbon steel shows a decrease in the thermal diffusivity at temperature below Curie point, where the structure contains bcc+ fcc phases. Above this point the thermal diffusivity increases, where the structure contains only fcc phase. The experimental thermal conductivity values of these alloys show good agreement with the calculated values using Mills model.

    Thermal diffusivity measurements as a function of temperature of sintered AISI 304 stainless steel-alumina composites having various composition, viz, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 10 wt% Al2O3 were carried out in the present work. The thermal diffusivity as well as the thermal conductivity were found to increase with temperature for all composite specimens. The thermal diffusivity/conductivity decreases with increasing weight fraction of alumina in the composites. The experimental results are in good agreement with simple rule of mixture, Eucken equation and developed Ohm´s law model at weight fraction of alumina below 5 wt%. Beyond this, the thermal diffusivity/ conductivity exhibits a high discrepancy probably due to the agglomeration of alumina particles during cold pressing and sintering.

    On the other hand, thermal diffusivities of industrial mould flux having glassy and crystalline states decrease with increasing temperature at lower temperature and are constant at higher temperature except for one glassy sample. The thermal diffusivity is increased with increasing crystallisation degree of mould flux, which is expected from theoretical considerations.

    Analogously, the thermal diffusivity measurements of mould flux do not show any significant change with temperature in liquid state. It is likely to be due to the silicate network being largely broken down.

    In the case of coke, the sample taken from deeper level of the pilot blast furnace is found to have larger thermal diffusivity. This can be correlated to the average crystallite size along the structural c-axis, Lc, which is indicative of the higher degree of graphitisation. This was also confirmed by XRD measurements of the different coke samples. The degree of graphitisation was found to increase with increasing temperature. Further, XRD and heat capacity measurements of coke samples taken from different levels in the shaft of the pilot blast furnace show that the graphitisation of coke was instantaneous between 973 and 1473 K.

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  • 22.
    Abdul Abas, Riad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Hayashi, M.iyuki
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Seetharaman, Seshadri
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Thermal Diffusivity measurement of CMSX-4 alloy by Laser flash method2007In: International journal of thermophysics, ISSN 0195-928X, E-ISSN 1572-9567, Vol. 28, no 1, p. 109-122Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the present work, thermal diffusivity measurements have been carried out on industrial samples of CMSX-4 nickel-base superalloy using the laser-flash method with emphasis on studying the effect of temperature and microstructure on the thermal diffusivity. The measurements were performed in the temperature range from 298 to 1623 K covering both solid as well as liquid ranges. Below 1253 K, the thermal-diffusivity values were found to increase with increasing temperature. Microstructural investigations of quenched samples revealed that below 1253 K, an ordered phase, usually referred to as the -phase was present together with the disordered fcc phase, often referred to as the γ phase. Between 1253 K and the solidus temperature, the phase was found to dissolve in the matrix alloy causing an increase in the disordering of the alloy, and thereby a small decrease in the thermal-diffusivity values. The thermal-diffusivity values of samples pre-annealed at 1573 K exhibited constancy in the temperature range from 1277 to 1513 K, which is attributed to the attainment of thermodynamic equilibrium. These equilibrium values were found to be lower than the results for samples not subjected to annealing. The thermal-diffusivity values of the alloy in the liquid state were found to be independent of temperature.

  • 23.
    Abdul Abas, Riad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Hayashi, Miyuki
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Seetharaman, Seshadri
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Process Science.
    Thermal Diffusivity Measurements of some Industrially Important Alloys by a Laser Flash Method2007In: International journal of materials reseach, ISSN 1862-5282, Vol. 98, no 6, p. 535-540Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the present work, thermal diffusivity measurements of three industrially significant alloys, viz. 90Ti.6Al.4V, stainless steel with 25Cr and 6Ni as well as plain carbon steel with 0.7 % carbon have been carried out as a function of temperature. The aim of this work is to study the effect of temperature and microstructure on the thermal diffusivities of these alloys. For the 90Ti.6Al.4V alloy, thermal diffusivity increases with temperature below 1225 K. Above this temperature, the values started decreasing probably due to the dissolution of Ti3Al intermediate phase in the matrix, which would result in an increase in the disorder of the structure. For 25Cr: 6Ni stainless steel, the thermal diffusivity is nearly constant up to about 700 K. Above this, there is an increase in the thermal diffusivities with temperature during the heating cycle, which was reproducible during thermal cycling. On the other hand, the slope of the curve increases above 950 K.

    In the case of the 0.7 % carbon steel, the thermal diffusivity shows a decreasing trend with temperature below the Curie point for the alloy, where the alloy consists of bcc + fcc phases. Above this point, only the fcc phase is prevalent and the thermal diffusivity was found to increase with temperature. Heat transfer is carried out by lattice vibration (phonons) as well as electrons. The contribution of electrons varies depending upon the type of alloy. In this study, the highest electron contribution was found in 0.7 % carbon steel, while the lowest was in stainless steel. The thermal conductivity values of these alloys are in good agreement with the calculated values using the model proposed by Mills.

  • 24.
    Abdulla, Hind
    et al.
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Syst & Management, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Digital & Addit Mfg Ctr, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    An, Heungjo
    Kumoh Natl Inst Technol, Sch Ind Engn, Gumi 39177, South Korea..
    Barsoum, Imad
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics. Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Digital & Addit Mfg Ctr, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Mech Engn, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Maalouf, Maher
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Engn Syst & Management, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Digital Supply Chain & Operat, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Mathematical Modeling of Multi-Performance Metrics and Process Parameter Optimization in Laser Powder Bed Fusion2022In: Metals, ISSN 2075-4701, Vol. 12, no 12, article id 2098Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to develop mathematical models to improve multi-performance metrics, such as relative density and operating costs, in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), also known as selective laser melting, a metallic additive manufacturing technique, by optimizing the printing process parameters. The work develops a data-driven model for relative density based on measurements and an analytical model for operating costs related to the process parameters. Optimization models are formulated to maximize relative density or minimize operating costs by determining the optimal set of process parameters, while meeting a target level of the other performance metrics (i.e., relative density or operating costs). Furthermore, new metrics are devised to test the sensitivity of the optimization solutions, which are used in a novel robust optimization model to acquire less sensitive process parameters. The sensitivity analysis examines the effect of varying some parameters on the relative density of the fabricated specimens. Samples with a relative density greater than 99% and a machine operating cost of USD 1.00 per sample can be produced, utilizing a combination of low laser power (100 W), high scan speed (444 mm/s), moderate layer thickness (0.11 mm), and large hatch distance (0.4 mm). This is the first work to investigate the relationship between the quality of the fabricated samples and operating cost in the LPBF process. The formulated robust optimization model achieved less sensitive parameter values that may be more suitable for real operations. The equations used in the models are verified via 10-fold cross-validation, and the predicted results are further verified by comparing them with the experimental data in the literature. The multi-performance optimization models and framework presented in this study can pave the way for other additive manufacturing techniques and material grades for successful industrial-level implementation.

  • 25.
    Abedin, Ahmad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.
    Garidis, Konstantinos
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.
    Asadollahi, Ali
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.
    Hellström, Per-Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.
    Östling, Mikael
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.
    Growth of epitaxial SiGe alloys as etch-stop layers in germanium-on-insulator fabricationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the application of epitaxially grown SixGe1-x films as etch stop layers in a germanium-on-insulator substrate fabrication flow is investigated. Layers with Ge contents from 15% to 70% were epitaxially grown on Si (1 0 0) using silane and germane. It was found that the Ge content in the films is independent of the growth temperature for fixed partial pressure ratios. At low growth temperatures the activation energy is found to be 1.8 eV which points to a hydrogen desorption limited growth rate mechanism. At growth temperatures of less than 500℃, the surface roughness is <1 nm. This surface roughness does not change when the films are grown on Ge substrates. Finally, a fully strained Si0.5Ge0.5 film was grown on Ge strain relaxed buffer at 450℃. This layer demonstrates etch selectivity of >400:1 towards Ge in diluted SC-1. This result enables the integration of the Si0.5Ge0.5 film as an etch stop layer for single crystalline germanium-on-insulator substrate fabrication.

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  • 26.
    Abedin, Ahmad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Moeen, Mahdi
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Cappetta, Carmine
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Östling, Mikael
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Radamson, Henry H.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Sensitivity of the crystal quality of SiGe layers grown at low temperatures by trisilane and germane2016In: Thin Solid Films, ISSN 0040-6090, E-ISSN 1879-2731, Vol. 613, p. 38-42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work investigates the crystal quality of SiGe layers grown at low temperatures using trisilane, and germane precursors. The crystal quality sensitivity was monitored for hydrogen chloride and/or minor oxygen amount during SiGe epitaxy or at the interface of SiGe/Si layers. The quality of the epi-layerswas examined by quantifying noise parameter, K-1/f obtained from the power spectral density vs. 1/f curves. The results indicate that while it is difficult to detect small defect densities in SiGe layers by physical material characterization, the noise measurement could reveal the effects of oxygen contamination as low as 0.16mPa inside and in the interface of the layers.

  • 27.
    Abelin, Mathias
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Blomkvist, Håkan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Investigation of the scale factor between full scale ladle furnace process and water models2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The ladle furnace process is an important process in the steel manufacturing industry. The purpose of this process is to optimize the composition of the elements in the melt as well as to homogenize the temperature in the liquid.

    It is common practice to model this process using smaller water models. In order to accurately scale these models a variety of criteria and scaling factors are needed. The central phenomenon which all else is derived from is the two-phase gas plume dominating the fluid flows. The plume, and its dependant parameters are difficult to define. Which ones ought to be used and how to use them has not been standardized. Concerns have been raised whether the most common method of scaling is even applicable in ladle metallurgy. This report gives an account for studies concerning these variables and their effect on the subject. The objective of this report is to highlight ways to improve these simulations with respect to debated parameters.

    The conclusion of this study points out the reasons for why these variables may be of importance for the modeling of the ladle furnace process. It also specifically mentions future work that should be conducted in order to provide deeper knowledge of thedifferent parameters affecting the method of modeling.

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  • 28.
    Abouzari, Sara
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Solid solution strengthening effect on creep strength of austenitic stainless steel2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sanicro 25 is a newly developed austenitic stainless steel, designed for the next generation of Ultrasupercritical coal-fired boilers in electrical power plants. This material is applicable in reheater and superheater tubes, where the material temperature is up to 700

    °C. One of the main strengthening mechanisms in high temperature materials is solid solution strengthening. A combination of this mechanism and precipitation hardening, promotes creep strength of heat resistance materials. The aim of this work was to characterize the effects of solid solution strengthening on creep strength of Sanicro 25.Previous works has been done for effects of phosphorous in copper and also for influence of laves phase on the creep properties of CrMo alloys. The results of these two works are used and the model is adapted to austenitic stainless steel. First a Zero starting state was defined which was Alloy 316H and then the calculation was made for Sanicro 25. Thermodynamic calculations were made using DICTRA and Thermo-Calc. Elastic misfit parameter was determined using ab initio calculations. The results from the simulation in this work indicate that solutes with larger size misfit compare to the parent atoms have better solid solution strengthening effect. A decrease in the creep strength by increasing temperature has been observed which could be attributed to growth of laves phase.

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    Solid solution strengthening effect on creep strength of austenitic stainless steel
  • 29.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems.
    Ji, Guangchao
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems.
    Lu, Ke
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems.
    Rödby, Kristian
    Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi.
    Björlin, Anders
    Kiwok AB.
    Östlund, Anders
    Kiwok AB.
    Seoane, Fernando
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems. Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems.
    Textile-Electronic Integration in Wearable Measurement Garments for Pervasive Healthcare Monitoring2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems.
    Lu, Ke
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems.
    Guangchao, Li
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems.
    Rödby, Kristian
    Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi.
    Seoane, Fernando
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical sensors, signals and systems. Högskolan i Borås.
    A Knitted Garment using Intarsia Technique for Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Evaluation of Initial Prototype.2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 31. Abu-Odeh, A.
    et al.
    Galvan, E.
    Kirk, T.
    Mao, Huahai
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Chen, Q.
    Mason, P.
    Malak, R.
    Arróyave, R.
    Efficient exploration of the High Entropy Alloy composition-phase space2018In: Acta Materialia, ISSN 1359-6454, E-ISSN 1873-2453, Vol. 152, p. 41-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    High Entropy Alloys (HEAs), Multi-principal Component Alloys (MCA), or Compositionally Complex Alloys (CCAs) are alloys that contain multiple principal alloying elements. While many HEAs have been shown to have unique properties, their discovery has been largely done through costly and time-consuming trial-and-error approaches, with only an infinitesimally small fraction of the entire possible composition space having been explored. In this work, the exploration of the HEA composition space is framed as a Continuous Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CCSP) and solved using a novel Constraint Satisfaction Algorithm (CSA) for the rapid and robust exploration of alloy thermodynamic spaces. The algorithm is used to discover regions in the HEA Composition-Temperature space that satisfy desired phase constitution requirements. The algorithm is demonstrated against a new (TCHEA1) CALPHAD HEA thermodynamic database. The database is first validated by comparing phase stability predictions against experiments and then the CSA is deployed and tested against design tasks consisting of identifying not only single phase solid solution regions in ternary, quaternary and quinary composition spaces but also the identification of regions that are likely to yield precipitation-strengthened HEAs.

  • 32. Ackland, G. J.
    et al.
    Hepburn, D. J.
    Wallenius, Janne
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Reactor Physics.
    Interatomic forces for transition metals including magnetism2010In: 139th Annual Meeting & Exhibition - Supplemental Proceedings, Vol 2: Materials Characterization, Computation And Modeling And Energy, 2010, p. 85-92Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a formalism for extending the second moment tight-binding model[1], incorporating ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic interaction terms which are needed for the FeCr system. For antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials, an explicit additional variable representing the spin is required. In a mean-field approximation this spin can be eliminated. and the potential becomes explicitly temperature dependent. For ferromagnetic interactions, this degree of freedom can be eliminated, and the formalism reduces to the embedded atom method (EAM[2]), and we show the equivalence of existing EAM potentials to "magnetic" Potentials.

  • 33. Adamson, Goran
    et al.
    Wang, Lihui
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Production Engineering. University of Skövde, Sweden.
    Holm, Magnus
    Moore, Philip
    ADAPTIVE ROBOT CONTROL AS A SERVICE IN CLOUD MANUFACTURING2015In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 10TH INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2015, VOL 2, ASME Press, 2015, Vol. 2Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interest for implementing the concept of Manufacturing-as-a-Service is increasing as concepts for letting the manufacturing shop-floor domain take advantage of the cloud appear. Combining technologies such as Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Semantic Web, virtualisation and service-oriented technologies with advanced manufacturing models, information and communication technologies, Cloud Manufacturing is emerging as a new manufacturing paradigm. The ideas of on-demand, scalable and pay-for-usage resource-sharing in this concept will move manufacturing towards distributed and collaborative missions in volatile partnerships. This will require a control approach for distributed planning and execution of cooperating manufacturing activities. Without control based on both global and local environmental conditions, the advantages of Cloud Manufacturing will not be fulfilled. By utilising smart and distributable decision modules such as event-driven Function Blocks, run-time manufacturing operations in a. distributed environment may be adjusted to prevailing manufacturing conditions. Packaged in a cloud service for manufacturing equipment control, they will satisfy the control needs. By combining different resource types, such as hard, soft and capability resources, the cloud service Robot Control-as-a-Service can be realised. This paper describes the functional perspective and enabling technologies for a distributed control approach for robotic assembly tasks in Cloud Manufacturing.

  • 34.
    Adane, Tigist
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Production Engineering, Machine and Process Technology. KTH.
    Nicolescu, Mihai
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Production Engineering, Machine and Process Technology.
    Towards a Generic Framework for the Performance Evaluation of Manufacturing Strategy: An Innovative Approach2018In: Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, ISSN 2504-4494, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 131-156Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To be competitive in a manufacturing environment by providing optimal performance in terms of cost-effectiveness and swiftness of system changes, there is a need for flexible production systems based on a well-defined strategy. Companies are steadily looking for methodology to evaluate, improve and update the performance of manufacturing systems for processing operations. Implementation of an adequate strategy for these systems’ flexibility requires a deep understanding of the intricate interactions between the machining process parameters and the manufacturing system’s operational parameters. This paper proposes a framework/generic model for one of the most common metal cuttingoperations—the boring process of an engine block machining system. A system dynamics modelling approach is presented for modelling the structure of machining system parameters of the boring process, key performance parameters and their intrinsic relationships. The model is based on a case study performed in a company manufacturing engine blocks for heavy vehicles. The approach could allow for performance evaluation of an engine block manufacturing system condition. The presented model enables a basis for other similar processes and industries producing discrete parts.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Towards a Generic Framework for the Performance Evaluation of Manufacturing Strategy: An Innovative Approach
  • 35. Adekunle, K. F.
    et al.
    Cho, S. W.
    Patzelt, C.
    Blomfeldt, Thomas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Skrifvars, M.
    Impact and flexural properties of flax fabrics and lyocell fiber reinforced bio-based thermoset for automotive and structural applications2012In: ECCM 2012 - Composites at Venice, Proceedings of the 15th European Conference on Composite Materials, European Conference on Composite Materials, ECCM , 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A bio-based thermoset resin was reinforced with flax fabrics and Lyocell fiber. The effect of different weave architecture was studied with four flax fabrics with different architecture: plain, twill (two different types) and dobby. The effect of the outer ply thickness was studied and characterized with flexural and impact testing. Composites manufactured with plain weave reinforcement had the best mechanical properties. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength was 280 MPa, 32 GPa, 250 MPa, 25 GPa and 75 kJ/m2 respectively.

  • 36. Adekunle, Kayode
    et al.
    Cho, Sung-Woo
    Patzelt, Christian
    Blomfeldt, Thomas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Skrifvars, Mikael
    Impact and flexural properties of flax fabrics and Lyocell fiber-reinforced bio-based thermoset2011In: Journal of reinforced plastics and composites (Print), ISSN 0731-6844, E-ISSN 1530-7964, Vol. 30, no 8, p. 685-697Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A bio-based thermoset resin was reinforced with flax fabrics and Lyocell fiber. The effect of different weave architectures was studied with four flax fabrics with different architectures: plain, twill (two different types), and dobby. The effect of the outer ply thickness was studied and characterized with flexural and impact testing. Composites manufactured with plain weave reinforcement had the best mechanical properties. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength were 280MPa, 32GPa, 250MPa, 25GPa, and 75 kJ/m (2), respectively. Reinforcements with twill-weave architecture did not impart appreciable flexural strength or flexural modulus even when the outer thickness was increased. Plain- and dobby (basket woven style)-weave architectures gave better reinforcing effects and the flexural properties increased with an increase in outer thickness. Water absorption properties of the composites were studied and it was observed that the hybridization with Lyocell fiber reduced the water uptake. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to study the micro-structural properties of the composites.

  • 37.
    Adineh, M.
    et al.
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Sch Engn, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Kerman, Iran..
    Doostmohammadi, Hamid
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Sch Engn, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Kerman, Iran..
    Raiszadeh, R.
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Sch Engn, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Kerman, Iran..
    Effect of Si and Al on the microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of 65Cu-35Zn brass2019In: Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, ISSN 1735-0808, Vol. 16, no 2, p. 21-32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Relations between the microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of as-cast 65Cu-35Zn brass with various amounts of Al from 0 to 4.72 and Si from 0 to 3.62 wt% were investigated. Both Si and Al initially enhanced the UTS and toughness of the brass samples, which led to improvement in machinability due to a reduction in the main cutting force. A duplex brass with random oriented a plates in beta' matrix was found to have the best machinability among the other microstructures. It was found that beside the presence of brittle phases, such as beta' phase in the microstructure, the morphology and hardness of the phases involved had significant influence on machinability.

  • 38.
    Adineh, Morteza
    et al.
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Coll Engn, Dept Mat Engn & Met, Kerman 7618868366, Iran..
    Doostmohammadi, Hamid
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering. Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Coll Engn, Dept Mat Engn & Met, Kerman 7618868366, Iran..
    Microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of Cu-Zn-Mg and Cu-Zn-Sb brass alloys2019In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 35, no 12, p. 1504-1514Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lead-free alloys have attracted great attentions recently due to the toxic nature of lead for the human body. In this study, low amounts of Mg and Sb were added to the Cu65-Zn35 brass and microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of samples were compared to Cu65-Zn35 brass. Both Mg and Sb led to the promotion of beta ' phase as well as the formation of new ternary copper rich intermetallic particles. It was found that these particles had a significant role in the reduction of the ultimate tensile strength, toughness, work hardening and elongation while increasing the hardness of samples. Results of machinability evaluation of samples showed that the cutting forces were decreased significantly and morphology of chips were improved compared to Cu65-Zn35 brass sample.

  • 39.
    Adler, Jeanette
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Film Formation and Surface Tension Studies of Powder Coatings2005Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 20 points / 30 hpStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In industrial use of paint systems a swift processing is crucial. Another very important issue is to improve the quality of the final coating. This report investigates the film formation process of powder coatings, specially the spreading of individual powder particles. The obtained results can be used to understand and control the film formation process. In this way the desired levelling can be achieved and thus the desired gloss or other surface characteristics that may be required. This means that the method could be used when evaluating different polymer and additive combinations that could be used to change film formation behaviour or curing time for powder coating systems to suit various substrates. It makes it possible to avoid and minimize different surface defects as orange peel or cratering in the powder coated film.

    We used a reflection optical microscope to better understand the film formation process and especially the spreading of a powder melt on surfaces with various surface energies. The obtained data were: the particle diameter, the area, area ratio and the contact angle of the powder particle as a function of time and temperature. This information can be used to derive the surface tension of any powder melt.

    In this report we evaluate the dependencies of temperature, heat rate and surface energy for powder coatings on different substrates. The method provides information that can be used to optimize the film formation of a specific powder coating/substrate combination. This method can be used to evaluate the powder spreading and levelling on different substrates from a surface tension point of view.

    We found, as expected, that the powder flows out on a hydrophilic surface and is inhibited by a hydrophobic. The increase of the area ratio on a hydrophilic surface was about five times as the initial area coverage and on a hydrophobic surface only two times the initial area coverage. The contact angle between the melted powder particle on the different surface types could be calculated. The melt surface tension could be calculated since three substrates surfaces with various surface energies were used. The melt surface tension was found to be about 18.5 mN/m.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 40.
    Adolfi, Sofia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Slag inclusion formation during solidification of steel alloys and in cast iron2007Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis explores the formation of segregation and inclusions during solidification of steel and cast iron. A better understanding of the formation mechanism should result in decreasing fraction of defects during solidification of ingot and strand material.

    Density driven macrosegregation was studied both experimentally and theoretically to see the effect of channel segregation on the total segregation. Formation of these pencil-like segregations is due to natural convection in the solidifying metal caused by liquid enrichment of elements with lower density compared to the bulk. It is suggested to change the composition to compensate for this density difference.

    Inclusion precipitation can be finite by limitations in segregation. Saturated liquid is found in the last solidified areas, often between dendrites. Here the enrichment of the liquid is possible due to microsegregation. Meanwhile crystals form and solidify the elements with low solubility in the solid is pushed out in the remaining liquid. Soon the liquid is saturated to the level where spontaneous formation of inclusions occurs. Microstructure studies by aid of SEM and micro-probe measurements are analysed to find at what point during solidification process the inclusions start to form. In steel making this formation has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties in contrary to the production of nodular cast iron where the inclusions have a beneficial effect on the graphite formation.

    Inoculation of cast iron aims at reaching higher number density of graphite nodules, nodule morphology modification and control of nodule distribution during solidification. Late precipitation of nucleation sites has shown to have a positive impact on preventing chill. To find the most potent inoculation agent different additives were tested. Special effort has been made to analyse the effect of oxides and sulphides as nucleation sites.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 41.
    Adolfi, Sofia
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Casting of Metals.
    Lagerstedt, Anders
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Casting of Metals.
    Sarnet, Jan
    Scana Steel Björneborg AB.
    Fredriksson, Hasse
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Casting of Metals.
    Macrosegregation In Ingot Cast Tool Steel2004Report (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Adolfi, Sofia
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Mori, Kenji
    Fredriksson, Hasse
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    MnS precipitation during solidification in presence of oxide nuclei2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Solid Mechanics.
    Gudmundson, Peter
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Solid Mechanics.
    Matrix crack induced stiffness reductions in [(0(m)/90(n)/+theta(p)/-theta(q))(s)](m) composite laminates1995In: Composites Engineering, ISSN 0961-9526, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 107-123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two- and three-dimensional linearly elastic glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy laminates of the type [(0m/90n/ + theta(p)/ - theta(q))s]M containing periodically distributed matrix cracks have been analysed by aid of the finite element method. The presented finite element model enables modelling of several important thick and thin ply stacking sequences like cross-plies, angle plies and quasi-isotropic laminates. Due to periodicity it suffices to model a representative volume element of the laminate. The boundaries of this unit cell represent prospective crack surfaces. In this way varying crack configurations and crack densities could be simulated. By application of periodic boundary conditions the stiffness tensors for laminates containing different crack configurations were calculated. The results are presented in the form of reduced engineering stiffness parameters as functions of matrix crack densities for a thick quasi-isotropic [(0-degree/90-degrees/ + 45-degrees/ -45-degrees)s]M glass/epoxy laminate, a thick [(0-degree/90-degrees + 55-degrees/ - 55-degrees)s]M carbon/epoxy laminate and a thin (0-degree/ +45-degrees/ -45-degrees)s glass/epoxy laminate. Comparisons are made to an approximate analytic model developed previously. An excellent agreement between the analytic predictions and the finite element results was found for all cases under consideration.

  • 44. Affatato, S.
    et al.
    Leardini, W.
    Jedenmalm, Anneli
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Ruggeri, O.
    Toni, A.
    Larger diameter bearings reduce wear in metal-on-metal hip implants2007In: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, ISSN 0009-921X, E-ISSN 1528-1132, no 456, p. 153-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty has the longest clinical history of all total arthroplasties. We asked whether large diameter femoral heads would result in less wear than those with small diameters. We also asked if there is a threshold diameter that ensures good wear behavior. We tested three batches of cast high-carbon cobalt-chromium-molybdenum hip implants (28 mm, 36 min, and 54 min diameters) in a hip simulator for 5 million cycles. We used bovine serum as lubricant and weighed the samples at regular intervals during testing. The 28-mm configuration had almost twice the wear of the 54-mm configuration, but we observed no difference between the 36-mm and the 54-mm configurations. The similarity in the wear performances of the larger configurations supports the presence of a threshold diameter that ensures good wear behavior.

  • 45. Affatato, S.
    et al.
    Leardini, W.
    Jedenmalm, Anneli
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Zavalloni, M.
    Ruggeri, O.
    Tarterini, F.
    Viceconti, M.
    Microstructural effects on the wear resistance of CO-CR implant alloys2006In: Proceedings of the 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, 2006, p. -951Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Modem metal-on-metal articulation have been proposed to reduce the incidence of osteolysis due to polyethylene particles debris, as a late complication. The tribology of large metal-on-metal articulations allows theoretical advantages with respect to other configurations, especially for the lubrication regime. This study was aimed to compare the wear performances of different diameters of clinically available acetabular metallic components manufactured in a cast cobalt-chrome alloy. To evaluate the influence of the material properties of wear and microstructure, metal-on-metal components were tested in a hip joint simulator for five million cycles with bovine calf serum as lubricant. In particular, three different configurations of metal-on-metal components (28-mm, 36-mm, 54-mm) were tested. After the test all specimens were examined with optical and electronic scanning microscope. A statistical difference were observed among the three groups tested in the run-in and steady-state wear rates, favoring the larger femoral heads. The results of this study indicate that the 54-mm diameter femoral heads prove a better wear behavior than the smaller configurations.

  • 46.
    Afraz, Syed Ali
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Mechanical, Microstructural and Corrosion performance for MIM materials based on coarse (-45µm) powders of ferritic stainless steel2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanical, microstructural and corrosion performance of the ferritic stainless steel coarse powders, used in Metal Injection Molding (MIM) process. Three coarser powders made by Höganäs AB, were examined along with a commercially available fine MIM powder and samples from sheet metal. The studied powders were individually mixed with binders and then injection molded in the shape of dog bone shaped tensile bars. These green samples were then debinded and sintered to examine under different characterization methods. The methods used for examining the samples were tensile test, hardness test, metallography, SEM, chemical analysis, and salt spray test. After a comparative study of these different materials, it turns out that the chemical composition and the process parameters have more effect on materials properties compared to only particle size distribution in studied materials. After this study, 434 coarse powder was preferred upon the PolyMIM 430 fine powder, because of its lower price and same performance as that of PolyMIM 430.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Syed Ali Afraz's Masters Thesis
  • 47.
    Afshari, Davood
    et al.
    Univ Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran..
    Ghaffari, Ali
    Univ Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran..
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics.
    Optimization in the Resistant Spot-Welding Process of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy2022In: Strojniski vestnik, ISSN 0039-2480, Vol. 68, no 7-8, p. 485-492Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, an integrated artificial neural network (ANN) and multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) are developed to optimize the resistance spot welding (RSW) of AZ61 magnesium alloy. Since the stability and strength of a welded joint are strongly dependent on the size of the nugget and the residual stresses created during the welding process, the main purpose of the optimization is to achieve the maximum size of the nugget and minimum tensile residual stress in the weld zone. It is identified that the electrical current, welding time, and electrode force are the main welding parameters affecting the weld quality. The experiments are carried out based on the full factorial design of experiments (DOE). In order to measure the residual stresses, an X-ray diffraction technique is used. Moreover, two separate ANNs are developed to predict the nugget size and the maximum tensile residual stress based on the welding parameters. The ANN is integrated with a multi-objective GA to find the optimum welding parameters. The findings show that the integrated optimization method presented in this study is effective and feasible for optimizing the RSW joints and process.

  • 48.
    Afshari, Davood
    et al.
    Univ Zanjan, Zanjan 4537138791, Iran..
    Mirzaahamdi, Soheil
    Univ Zanjan, Zanjan 4537138791, Iran..
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Residual Stresses in Resistance Spot Welded AZ61 Mg Alloy2019In: CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, ISSN 1526-1492, E-ISSN 1526-1506, Vol. 118, no 2, p. 275-290Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of magnesium alloys has been rapidly increased due to their ability to maintain high strengths at light weights. However weldability of steels and aluminum alloys by using resistance spot weld (RSW) process is a major issue, because it cannot be directly utilized for magnesium alloys. In this study, a structural-thermal-electrical finite element (FE) model has been developed to predict the distribution of residual stresses in RSW AZ61 magnesium alloy. Thermophysical and thermomechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy have been experimentally determined, and have been used in FE model to increase the accuracy of the model. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been utilized to measure the residual stresses in welded samples, and its results have been used to validate the FE model. Comparison study shows that the results obtained by using FE model have a good agreement with the experimental XRD data. In specific, the results show that the maximum tensile residual stress occurs at the weld center while decreases towards the nugget edge. In addition, the effects of welding parameters such as electrical current, welding time, and electrode force have been investigated on the maximum tensile residual stress. The results show that the tensile residual stress in welded joints rises by increasing the electrical current; however, it declines by prolonging the welding time as well as increasing the electrode force.

  • 49.
    Afzal, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Wang, Baoyuan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Xia, Chen
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Zhang, Wei
    He, Yunjuan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Jayasuriya, Jeevan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Zhu, Binzhu
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Fabrication of novel electrolyte-layer free fuel cell with semi-ionic conductor (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta- Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9) and Schottky barrier2016In: Journal of Power Sources, ISSN 0378-7753, E-ISSN 1873-2755, Vol. 328, p. 136-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Perovskite Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) is synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation technique for a low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC) (300-600 degrees C) and electrolyte-layer free fuel cell (EFFC) in a comprehensive study. The EFFC with a homogeneous mixture of samarium doped ceria (SDC): BSCF (60%:40% by weight) which is rather similar to the cathode (SDC: BSCF in 50%:50% by weight) used for a three layer SOFC demonstrates peak power densities up to 655 mW/cm(2), while a three layer (anode/ electrolyte/cathode) SOFC has reached only 425 mW/cm(2) at 550 degrees C. Chemical phase, crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared sample are characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of 3-layer SOFC and EFFC are studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As-prepared BSCF has exhibited a maximum conductivity above 300 S/cm at 550 degrees C. High performance of the EFFC device corresponds to a balanced combination between ionic and electronic (holes) conduction characteristic. The Schottky barrier prevents the EFFC from the electronic short circuiting problem which also enhances power output. The results provide a new way to produce highly effective cathode materials for LTSOFC and semiconductor designs for EFFC functions using a semiconducting-ionic material.

  • 50.
    Afzal, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Xia, Chen
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology.
    Zhu, Bin
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology. Hubei University, China.
    Lanthanum-doped Calcium Manganite (La0.1Ca0.9MnO3) Cathode for Advanced Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)2016In: Materials Today-Proceedings, Elsevier BV , 2016, Vol. 3, no 8, p. 2698-2706Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present here a new perovskite oxide with low lanthanum content doped in calcium manganite, La0.1Ca0.9MnO3 (LCM) as a functional material for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC) and electrolyte-layer free fuel cell (EFFC). The LCM introduces an intrinsic mixed-ion and electron conduction. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis shows high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity with an extremely low activation energy which enables an excellent cathode activity. Fuel cells using LCM as cathode with oxide ion conducting electrolyte samarium doped ceria (SDC) and NCAL as an anode, demonstrate a maximum power density of 650 mW cm(-2) at 550 degrees C, which is higher than most of the cathode materials reported for SOFC at this temperature. For EFFC, maximum power density of 750 mW cm(-2) is achieved using LCM as a semiconductor material with SDC ion conducting material. The present work highlights the development of new active air electrode especially for developing low temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

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