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  • 1.
    Ahmad, Arslan
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. Brabant Water NV, 5200 BC 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
    Evaluation and optimization of advanced oxidation coagulation filtration (AOCF) to produce drinking water with less than 1 μg/L of arsenic2014Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Arsenic is an extremely poisonous element. It has been reported to cause contamination of drinking water sources in many parts of the world. The current drinking water permissible limit for arsenic in the European Union is 10 μg/L. The World Health Organization has a general rule that no substance may have a higher lifetime risk of more than 1 in 100,000. However, several studies on toxicity of arsenic suggest that purely based on health effects the arsenic limit of 10 μg/L is not sufficient. The main goal of this research was to develop an efficient arsenic removal technology that could be able to produce drinking water with an arsenic concentration of less than 1 μg/L. For this purpose, an innovative three step technique, Advanced Oxidation - Coagulation - Filtration (AOCF), was investigated through bench-scale and pilot scale experiments in the Netherlands at the water treatment plant of Dorst. Firstly, prior to the investigations on AOCF, the existing arsenic removal at the water treatment plant was investigated. Secondly, through a series of bench-scale experiments, the optimum type of coagulant, its combination dose with the selected chemical oxidant and optimum process pH were determined. Eventually, the partially optimized technique from the bench-scale was implemented at the pilot scale physical model of water treatment plant Dorst where AOCF was evaluated for arsenic removal and its effect on the removal of other common undesirable groundwater constituents. The optimized AOCF technology consistently removed arsenic from groundwater to below 1 ug/L when implemented at pilot scale. The overall effluent quality also remained acceptable. The method is efficient with both types of filtration media tested in this research i.e., virgin sand and metal oxide coated sand, however virgin sand media showed slightly better arsenic removal efficiency.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    TRITA-LWR Report 2014-1_AOCF
  • 2.
    Ahmad, Arslan
    et al.
    KWR Water Cycle Res Inst, Groningenhaven 7, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands.;KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Sustainable Dev Environm Sci & Engn, KTH Int Groundwater Arsen Res Grp, Stockholm, Sweden.;WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands.;Evides Water Co NV, Schaardijk 150, NL-3063 NH Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Rutten, Sam
    WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Eikelboom, Martijn
    WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    de Waal, Luuk
    KWR Water Cycle Res Inst, Groningenhaven 7, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands..
    Bruning, Harry
    WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    van der Wal, Albert
    WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands.;Evides Water Co NV, Schaardijk 150, NL-3063 NH Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Impact of phosphate, silicate and natural organic matter on the size of Fe(III) precipitates and arsenate co-precipitation efficiency in calcium containing water2020Ingår i: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 235, artikel-id 116117Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Removal of arsenic (As) from water by co-precipitation with Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides is a widely used technique in water treatment. Nevertheless, As removal efficiency appears to be sensitive to the composition of the water matrix. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the independent and combined effects of silicate (Si), phosphate (P), natural organic matter (NOM) and calcium (Ca) on arsenate [As(V)] co-precipitation efficiency and the size of Fe(III) precipitates. We found that, in complex solutions, containing multiple solutes and high levels of Ca, (variations in) Si and P concentrations reduce As(V) removal to some extent, mainly due to a decreased adsorption of As(V) onto Fe(III) precipitates. On the other hand, NOM concentrations reduced As(V) removal to a much greater extent, due to possible formation of mobile Fe(III)-NOM complexes that were difficult to remove by filtration. These findings have a great significance for predicting As(V) removal as a function of seasonal and process-related water quality changes at water treatment plants.

  • 3.
    Ahmad, Arslan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. SIBELCO, Ankerpoort NV, Op de Bos 300, 6223 EP, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
    van Genuchten, C. M.
    Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Deep-dive into iron-based co-precipitation of arsenic: A review of mechanisms derived from synchrotron techniques and implications for groundwater treatment2024Ingår i: Water Research, ISSN 0043-1354, E-ISSN 1879-2448, Vol. 249, artikel-id 120970Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The co-precipitation of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides with arsenic (As) is one of the most widespread approaches to treat As-contaminated groundwater in both low- and high-income settings. Fe-based co-precipitation of As occurs in a variety of conventional and decentralized treatment schemes, including aeration and sand filtration, ferric chloride addition and technologies based on controlled corrosion of Fe(0) (i.e., electrocoagulation). Despite its ease of deployment, Fe-based co-precipitation of As entails a complex series of chemical reactions that often occur simultaneously, including electron-transfer reactions, mineral nucleation, crystal growth, and As sorption. In recent years, the growing use of sophisticated synchrotron-based characterization techniques in water treatment research has generated new detailed and mechanistic insights into the reactions that govern As removal efficiency. The purpose of this critical review is to synthesize the current understanding of the molecular-scale reaction pathways of As co-precipitation with Fe(III), where the source of Fe(III) can be ferric chloride solutions or oxidized Fe(II) sourced from natural Fe(II) in groundwater, ferrous salts or controlled Fe(0) corrosion. We draw primarily on the mechanistic knowledge gained from spectroscopic and nano-scale investigations. We begin by describing the least complex reactions relevant in these conditions (Fe(II) oxidation, Fe(III) polymerization, As sorption in single-solute systems) and build to multi-solute systems containing common groundwater ions that can alter the pathways of As uptake during Fe(III) co-precipitation (Ca, Mg bivalent cations; P, Si oxyanions). We conclude the review by providing a perspective on critical knowledge gaps remaining in this field and new research directions that can further improve the understanding of As removal via Fe(III) co-precipitation.

  • 4.
    Annaduzzaman, Md.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Deshpande, Paritosh Chakor
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Ersoz, M.
    Lazarova, Z.
    Chitosan biopolymer: a treatment option for uranium(VI) removal from drinking waterManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 5.
    Annaduzzaman, Md.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Ersoz, M.
    Lazarova, Z.
    Characterization of a chitosan biopolymer and arsenate removal for drinking water treatment2014Ingår i: One Century of the Discovery of Arsenicosis in Latin America (1914-2014): As 2014 - Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, CRC Press, 2014, s. 745-747Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Chitosan biopolymer with a deacetylation degree of 85%, was assessed for its capability to adsorb As(V) from drinking water by batch experiments. To characterize the chitosan biopolymer, chitosan was analyzed by FTIR and SEM. The results showed that chitosan is an effective and promising sorbent for As(V) from drinking water. From the batch tests, results showed a maximum adsorption of 355 μg/L of As(V) with 1.18 μg g-1 adsorption capacity at pH 6. The kinetic data, obtained at pH 6 could be fitted with pseudo-second order equation (adsorption capacity: 0.923 μg g-1) and the process was suitably described by a Freundlich (R2 = 0.9933) model than by a Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9741). The results above indicated that chitosan is a very favorable sorbent for As(V) removal from aqueous solution.

  • 6.
    Annaduzzaman, Md.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Ersoz, M.
    Lazarova, Z.
    Evaluation and optimization of chitosan biopolymer as an adsorbent for arsenic(V) in drinking watert treatmentManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 7. Asim, Muhammad
    et al.
    Kumar, N. T. Uday
    Martin, Andrew R.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Energiteknik.
    Feasibility analysis of solar combi-system for simultaneous production of pure drinking water via membrane distillation and domestic hot water for single-family villa: pilot plant setup in Dubai2016Ingår i: Desalination and Water Treatment, ISSN 1944-3994, E-ISSN 1944-3986, Vol. 57, nr 46, s. 21674-21684Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the feasibility study of installation of a solar-driven integrated MD desalination system for simultaneous production of pure drinking water and solar domestic hot water in United Arab Emirates (UAE) for a single-family villa comprising of 4-5 persons. In order to satisfy the current and future demand of water for domestic purposes, the desalination of seawater is considered to be one of the most effective and strategic technique in UAE. The stress on the underground water aquifers, rapid industrial growth, and increase in urban population in UAE results in the tremendous increase in fresh water demand during the past few decades. Since the local municipalities also provide the desalinated fresh water to the people but they mostly rely on bottled water for drinking purpose. In this paper, the pilot setup plant is designed, commissioned, and installed on site in UAE using air gap membrane distillation desalination process to fulfill the demand of 15-25 L/d of pure drinking water and 250 L/d of domestic hot water for a single-family villa. Experimental analyses have been performed on this setup during summer on flat plate solar collectors having different aperture areas (Experiments have been performed for aperture area of 11.9 m(2) in this research study for feasibility purpose). The average hot-side temperature ranges from 50 to 70 degrees C and average cold-side temperature of 35 degrees C.

  • 8.
    Axelsson, Karolin
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemi, Organisk kemi. KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO).
    Konstanzer, Vera
    KTH.
    Rajarao, Gunaratna Kuttuva
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Industriell bioteknologi.
    Terenius, Olle
    Seriot, Lisa
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO).
    Nordenhem, Henrik
    Nordlander, Goran
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemi, Organisk kemi. Tartu University, Estonia.
    Antifeedants Produced by Bacteria Associated with the Gut of the Pine Weevil Hylobius abietis2017Ingår i: Microbial Ecology, ISSN 0095-3628, E-ISSN 1432-184X, Vol. 74, nr 1, s. 177-184Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, is a severe forest pest insect as it feeds on newly planted conifer seedlings. To identify and develop an antifeedant could be one step towards the protection of seedlings from feeding damage by the pine weevil. With the aim to trace the origin of the antifeedants previously found in feces of the pine weevil, we investigated the culturable bacteria associated with the gut and identified the volatiles they produced. Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. The volatile emissions of selected bacteria, cultivated on NB media or on the grated phloem of Scots pine twigs dispersed in water, were collected and analyzed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The bacterial isolates released a variety of compounds, among others 2-methoxyphenol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide. A strong antifeedant effect was observed by 2-phenylethanol, which could thus be a good candidate for use to protect planted conifer seedlings against feeding damage caused by H. abietis.

  • 9. Bastin, G.
    et al.
    Chotteau, Véronique
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Industriell bioteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Centra, Centre for Advanced BioProduction by Continuous Processing, AdBIOPRO.
    Vande Wouwer, A.
    Metabolic flux analysis of VERO cells under various culture conditions2021Ingår i: Processes, ISSN 2227-9717, Vol. 9, nr 12, artikel-id 2097Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Although the culture of VERO cells in bioreactors is an important industrial bioprocess for the production of viruses and vaccines, surprisingly few reports on the analysis of the flux distribution in the cell metabolism have been published. In this study, an attempt is made to fill this gap by providing an analysis of relatively simple metabolic networks, which are constructed to describe the cell behavior in different culture conditions, e.g., the exponential growth phase (availability of glucose and glutamine), cell growth without glutamine, and cell growth without glucose and glutamine. The metabolic networks are kept as simple as possible in order to avoid underdeterminacy linked to the lack of extracellular measurements, and a unique flux distribution is computed in each case based on a mild assumption that the macromolecular composition of the cell is known. The result of this computation provides some insight into the metabolic changes triggered by the culture conditions, which could support the design of feedback control strategies in fed batch or perfusion bioreactors where the lactate concentration is measured online and regulated by controlling the delivery rates of glucose and, possibly, of some essential amino acids.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 10.
    Becheleni, Emily Mayer Andrade
    et al.
    Univ Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Mucuri, Inst Engn Sci & Technol, Ave Um,4-050 Cidade Univ, BR-39447814 Janauba, MG, Brazil..
    Peters, Edward
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Kemiteknik.
    Borba, Ricardo Perobelli
    Univ Estadual Campinas, Geol & Nat Resource Dept, Rua Joao Pandia Calogeras 51, BR-13083870 Campinas, SP, Brazil..
    Rocha, Sonia Denise Ferreira
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Min Engn, Ave Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Removal of mineral scaling precursors from electrodialysis concentrate by alkaline precipitation2023Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, ISSN 1478-9876, E-ISSN 1478-9868, Vol. 31, nr 1, s. 19-41Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Evaporative crystallisation has been used to recover water for industrial reuse but it presents serious problems related to incrustation. In this perspective, alkaline precipitation is studied in the present work, aiming to remove scale-forming salts prior to evaporative crystallisation of a reverse electrodialysis concentrate (EDC). The concentration of inorganic species in the feed and filtrate streams were determined by ICP-OES. The total organic carbon and inorganic carbon were analysed by thermo-catalytic oxidation with high temperature to assess the removal of organic compounds from EDC. The software PHREEQC was used to model the systems and a comparison with experimental results confirmed the credibility of the experiments. The technique proved to be a favourable method for removal of almost 100% of Ca and Mg by adding 0.04 wt. % of caustic soda. Furthermore, this would improve the downstream evaporative crystallisation efficiency due to reduced incrustation potential.

  • 11.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Hossain, Mohammed
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Ahmed, K. M.
    Hasan, M. A.
    Von Brömssen, M.
    Groundwater arsenic pollution: A conceptual framework for sustainable mitigation strategy2014Ingår i: One Century of the Discovery of Arsenicosis in Latin America (1914-2014): As 2014 - Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, CRC Press, 2014, s. 881-885Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Tubewells installed by local drillers, provide access of drinking water in rural Bangladesh. Significant proportion of these wells contains arsenic (As) above the WHO guideline and the Bangladesh Drinking Water Standard. Various attempts for mitigation at household and community scale have resulted in limited success, but through the local driller's initiatives, the tubewells are the source of priority drinking water supply. We have developed a concept of Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation (SASMIT) to identify and target the safe aquifers through detailed hydrogeological studies for scientific validation of the water quality with respect to the color of the shallow sediments as perceived by local drillers. Together with water quality monitoring, we have also targeted the Intermediate Depth Aquifers (IDA) for providing As-safe and low manganese (Mn) water. SASMIT intervention logic also considered the relevant socio-economic scenario, such as household distribution, poverty issues and available safe water access for prioritizing safe well installation.

  • 12.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Thunvik, Roger
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group.
    von Brömssen, Mattias
    Department of Soil and Water Environment Ramböll Sweden AB.
    Targeting Arsenic-Safe Aquifers in Regions with High Arsenic Groundwater and its Worldwide Implications (TASA)2015Rapport (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    Reprot
  • 13.
    Biswas, Ashis
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Mukherjee, Abhijit
    Nath, Bibhash
    Alexanderson, Helena
    Kundu, Amit K.
    Chatterjee, Debashis
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Shallow hydrostratigraphy in an arsenic affected region of Bengal Basin: Implication for targeting safe aquifers for drinking water supply2014Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 485, s. 12-22Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    To delineate arsenic (As) safe aquifer(s) within shallow depth, the present study has investigated the shallow hydrostratigraphic framework over an area of 100 km(2) at Chakdaha Block of Nadia District, West Bengal. Drilling of 29 boreholes and subsequent hydrostratigraphic modeling has identified three types of aquifer within 50 m below ground level (bgl). Aquifer-1 represents a thick paleochannel sequence, deposited parallel to the River Hooghly and Ichamati. Aquifer-2 is formed locally within the overbank deposits in the central floodplain area and its vertical extension is strictly limited to 25 m bgl. Aquifer-3 is distributed underneath the overbank deposits and represents an interfluvial aquifer of the area. Aquifer-3 is of Pleistocene age (similar to 70 ka), while aquifer-1 and 2 represent the Holocene deposits (age <951 ka), indicating that there was a major hiatus in the sediment deposition after depositing the aquifer-3. Over the area, aquifer-3 is markedly separated from the overlying Holocene deposits by successive upward sequences of brown and olive to pale blue impervious clay layers. The groundwater quality is very much similar in aquifer-1 and 2, where the concentration of As and Fe very commonly exceeds 10 mu g/L and 5 mg/L, respectively. Based on similar sediment color, these two aquifers have jointly been designated as the gray sand aquifer (GSA), which constitutes 40% (1.84 x 10(9) m(3)) of the total drilled volume (4.65 x 10(9) m(3)). In aquifer-3, the concentration of As and Fe is very low, mostly <2 mu g/L and 1 mg/L, respectively. This aquifer has been designated as the brown sand aquifer (BSA) according to color of the aquifer materials and represents 10% (4.8 x 10(8) m(3)) of the total drilled volume. This study further documents that though the concentration of As is very low at BSA, the concentration of Mn often exceeds the drinking water guidelines.

  • 14.
    Biswas, Ashis
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Gustafsson, Jon Petter
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Neidhardt, Harald
    Halder, Dipti
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Kundu, Amit K.
    Chatterjee, Debashis
    Berner, Zsolt
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Role of competing ions in the mobilization of arsenic in groundwater of Bengal Basin: Insight from surface complexation modeling2014Ingår i: Water Research, ISSN 0043-1354, E-ISSN 1879-2448, Vol. 55, s. 30-39Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study assesses the role of competing ions in the mobilization of arsenic (As) by surface complexation modeling of the temporal variability of As in groundwater. The potential use of two different surface complexation models (SCMs), developed for ferrihydrite and goethite, has been explored to account for the temporal variation of As(III) and As(V) concentration, monitored in shallow groundwater of Bengal Basin over a period of 20 months. The SCM for ferrihydrite appears as the better predictor of the observed variation in both As(III) and As(V) concentrations in the study sites. It is estimated that among the competing ions, PO43- is the major competitor of As(III) and As(V) adsorption onto Fe oxyhydroxide, and the competition ability decreases in the order PO43- >> Fe(II) > H4SiO4 = HCO- (3.) It is further revealed that a small change in pH can also have a significant effect on the mobility of As(III) and As(V) in the aquifers. A decrease in pH increases the concentration of As(III), whereas it decreases the As(V) concentration and vice versa. The present study suggests that the reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide alone cannot explain the observed high As concentration in groundwater of the Bengal Basin. This study supports the view that the reductive dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxide followed by competitive sorption reactions with the aquifer sediment is the processes responsible for As enrichment in groundwater.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
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  • 15.
    Bodlund, Ida
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Industriell bioteknologi.
    Coagulant Protein from plant materials: Potential Water Treatment Agent2013Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Access to fresh water is a human right, yet more than 780 million people, especially in rural areas, rely on unimproved sources and the need for finding ways of treating water is crucial. Although the use of natural coagulant protein in drinking water treatment has been discussed for a long time, the method is still not in practice, probably due to availability of material and limited knowledge. In this study, about hundred different crude extracts made from plant materials found in Southern India were screened for coagulation activity. Extracts of three Brassica species (Mustard, Cabbage and Cauliflower) were showing activity comparable to that of Moringa oleifera and were further investigated. Their protein content and profile were compared against each other and with coagulant protein from Moringa. Mustard (large) and Moringa seed proteins were also studied for their effect against clinically isolated bacterial strains. The protein profiles of Brassica extract showed predominant bands around 9kDa and 6.5kDa by SDS-PAGE. The peptide sequence analysis of Mustard large identified the 6.5kDa protein as Moringa coagulant protein (MO2.1) and the 9kDa protein band as seed storage protein napin3. Of thirteen clinical strains analysed, Moringa and Mustard large were proven effective in either aggregation activity or growth kinetic method or both in all thirteen and nine strains respectively. To my knowledge this is the first report on the presence of coagulant protein in Brassica seeds. Owing to the promising results Brassica species could possibly be used as a substitute to Moringa coagulating agent and chemicals in drinking water treatment. 

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  • 16. Borghei, Seyed Mahmood
    et al.
    Nekooie, Mohammad Ali
    Sadeghian, Hadi
    Ghazizadeh, Mohammad Reza Jalili
    Parvaneh, Ali
    Yang, James
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Byggvetenskap, Vattendragsteknik.
    Javaheri, Amir
    Kabiri-Samani, Abdorreza
    Discussion: Triangular labyrinth side weirs with one and two cycles2016Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Water Management, ISSN 1741-7589, E-ISSN 1751-7729, Vol. 169, nr 3, s. 111-114Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 17. Brenner, A.
    et al.
    Persson, K. M.
    Russell, L.
    Rosborg, Ingegerd
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Kozisek, F.
    Technical and mineral level effects of water treatment2015Ingår i: Drinking Water Minerals and Mineral Balance: Importance, Health Significance, Safety Precautions, Springer, 2015, s. 103-117Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Reverse Osmosis is used for desalination of especially sea water in areas suffering from water shortage, and there are thousands and thousands of desalination plants around the world and more to come. The produced high–purity water tends to be corrosive, and lacks minerals, causing decreased daily intake and loss of minerals from the body. Thus, such water needs re–mineralization. Water with toxic substances is harmful, and is also often treated with RO. There are indexes to be used as guides to choose re–mineralization method after RO. However, mineral balance is not reached by remineralization, as only concentrations of calcium and bicarbonate, and in some cases magnesium is increased. Treatment with dissolution of dolomitic–calcitic limestone or other limestone with low levels of toxic elements is preferable. Hard water, on the other hand, may cause scaling, and is often softened, making the concentrations of calcium and magnesium low or extremely low. General advices on choice of treatment method to preserve or improve the mineral content and mineral balance of a water is presented in the chapter.

  • 18.
    Budnyak, Tetyana M.
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Vag 16C, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Onwumere, Joy
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Vag 16C, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Pylypchuk, Ievgen, V
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi.
    Jaworski, Aleksander
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Vag 16C, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Chen, Jianhong
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Vag 16C, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rokicinska, Anna
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Vag 16C, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Kustrowski, Piotr
    Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Chem, Gronostajowa 2, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland..
    Sevastyanova, Olena
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. Jagiellonian Univ, Fac Chem, Gronostajowa 2, PL-30387 Krakow, Poland..
    Slabon, Adam
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius Vag 16C, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    LignoPhot: Conversion of hydrolysis lignin into the photoactive hybrid lignin/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr composite for simultaneous dyes oxidation and Co2+ and Ni2+ recycling2021Ingår i: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 279, artikel-id 130538Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Valorization of lignin is still an open question and lignin has therefore remained an underutilized biomaterial. This situation is even more pronounced for hydrolysis lignin, which is characterized by a highly condensed and excessively cross-linked structure. We demonstrate the synthesis of photoactive lignin/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr bio-inorganic composites consisting of a lignin substrate that is coated by semiconducting nanosheets. The XPS analysis reveals that growing these nanosheets on lignin instead on cellulose prevents the formation of Bi5+ ions at the surface region, yielding thus a modified hetero-junction Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr. The material contains 18.9% of Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr and is effective for the photocatalytic degradation of cationic methylene blue (MB) and zwitterionic rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under light irradiation. Lignin/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr decreases the dye concentration from 80 mg L-1 to 12.3 mg L-1 for RhB (85%) and from 80 mg L-1 to 4.4 mg L-1 for MB (95%). Complementary to the dye degradation, the lignin as a main component of the composite, was found to be efficient and rapid biosorbent for nickel, lead, and cobalt ions. The low cost, stability and ability to simultaneously photo-oxidize organic dyes and adsorb metal ions, make the photoactive lignin/Bi4O5Br2/BiOBr composite a prospective material for textile wastewaters remediation and metal ions recycling.

  • 19.
    Cameli, Fabio
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE).
    Microbial Fuel Cell for Waste Water Treatment2016Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Microbial Fuel Cell is a novel technology that can be used for a waste water treatment in order to simultaneously remove carbonaceous matter and nitrogen while producing electrical power.

    Even if it is not an established technology so far, MFC could be a cost effective option for waste water treatment and the major challenge of this process will be the device scale-up. Exoelectrogenic bacteria are capable of converting the chemical energy of organic matter into electrical energy by transferring the electrons produced in the oxidation to the anode electrode.

    This project focused on developing a single device for nitrification, denitrification and carbon removal. Two double air-cathode single chamber MFCs are used to test the feasibility of this process that could replace the biological unit in a waste water treatment train.

    The cells tested in this study were manufactured with the purpose of achieving a high surface area on both the anode electrode (vitreous carbon foam) and the air-cathode electrodes (metallic mesh with diffusion layer and active layer) with different catalysts for the reduction reaction (cobalt and platinum). The bacterial biofilm growth is a fundamental step and the cells Open Circuit Potential was monitored during all the start-up period to determine the microorganism acclimation: a three days lag period was observed in both cells before the potential rise. The second cell was forced to reach higher voltage through an anode polarization and that seems to positively affect the biofilm stability at lower voltages transferring a greater amount of electrons and hence obtaining a higher current and power generation. For this reason after three weeks of inoculation the second cell reached an open circuit potential of 0.76 V which is a promising value for such a system.

    Electrochemical and biological tests were conduced in order to test the power production of the cell and the substrate removal from the waste water. Polarization curves were used to evaluate power generation (and the maximum production under a specific external load) and the cell voltage trend which is characterized by activation and ohmic losses: 32 mW/ and 41 mW/  are the power density normalized by cathode surface (72 ) reached by respectively first and second cell. The experimental conditions were varied from low to high temperature and from low to high inlet flow rate but the most affecting phenomenon seems to be the biofilm formation since significant voltage drops were noticed after long closed circuit operation. Higher cell voltage characterized the second cell thanks to more active cathode (platinum catalyst used) and more negative bacterial biofilm but a bigger drop in current generation over time affects the system performance and the most reliable reason is the shorter acclimation time compared to the first cell.

    Cyclic voltammetry tests were carried out on both electrodes to study the potential range of activity and determine an optimal operational voltage despite of mass transport or kinetic limitations.

    Substrate removal tests at different retention times in power generation conditions (external load 100 Ω) showed a relatively high total nitrogen consumption (maximum 72.2 %) for the first cell while lower values were achieved by the second system meaning that a longer acclimation period is beneficial for nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to thrive on the cathode biofilm.

    Effluent pH level are almost similar to the initial values probably because of nitrification and denitrification protons offset.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 20.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemiteknik.
    Atasoy, Merve
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemiteknik.
    Biodegradation and inhibitory effects of antibiotics on biological wastewater treatment systems2018Ingår i: Toxicity and Biodegradation Testing, Humana Press, 2018, nr 9781493974245, s. 29-55Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Antibiotics are one of the most consumed drugs and have become new emerging pollutants in the environment as antibiotics lead to long-term adverse effects on the ecosystem. They are produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of other bacteria in nature as a defense mechanism. Furthermore, after discovering their therapeutical features, synthetic production methods were developed. In general, antibiotics are widely used in human medicine, veterinary medicine, farming and aquaculture for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Approximately 90% of the consumed antibiotics are excreted via urinary or fecal pathways from the human body after partial, or no metabolism, and they are transferred to the domestic sewage plants or directly to the environment. Conventional biological treatment of domestic sewage provides very low—if any—reduction for the antibiotics, which usually by-pass treatment and accumulate in the receiving waters, sediments, plants, and animals. The concentration of these materials in domestic wastewaters and surface waters is observed in a range between 0.3 μg/L and 150 μg/L. However, pharmaceutical plants, hospitals, concentrated animal feeding operations, and aquaculture generate effluents having much higher antibiotics concentrations in the range 100–500 mg/L. Consequently, it is essential to gather information on the fate and effect of these compounds at high concentrations for setting the basis for related practical treatment schemes. Inhibitory action of the antibiotics is experimentally evaluated in two different approaches: Short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) tests: Acute experiments involve a microbial community selected and sustained by the selected organic substrate in the system and not previously exposed to the inhibitor. In long-term experiments with continuous feeding of the inhibitor, the test may reflect, aside from changes in substrate removal and utilization, adaptation and/or resistance of the microbial community or even shifts in microbial composition in response to continuous exposure to the selected inhibitor. However, a full insight on the inhibitory action can only be acquired when the response of the microbial community is tested for both acute and chronic inhibition impacts. In this chapter, the most commonly used antibiotic classes such as β-lactams, tetracycline, macrolides, sulfonamides, quinolones are examined. Their fate and transformation during wastewater treatment as well as their inhibitory and toxic effects on the microbial community are discussed by using various toxicity and inhibition tests.

  • 21.
    Dalecka, Brigita
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Industriell bioteknologi. Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Riga Technical University, Kipsala 6A-263, Rig00a, Latvia.
    Strods, M.
    Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Riga Technical University, Kipsala 6A-263, Rig00a, Latvia.
    Cacivkins, P.
    Exponential Technologies Ltd, Dzerbenes 14, Riga, Latvia.
    Ziverte, E.
    Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Riga Technical University, Kipsala 6A-263, Rig00a, Latvia.
    Rajarao, Gunaratna Kuttuva
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Industriell bioteknologi.
    Juhna, T.
    Water Research and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Riga Technical University, Kipsala 6A-263, Rig00a, Latvia.
    Removal of pharmaceutical compounds from municipal wastewater by bioaugmentation with fungi: An emerging strategy using fluidized bed pelleted bioreactor2021Ingår i: Environmental Advances, ISSN 2666-7657, Vol. 5, s. 100086-, artikel-id 100086Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Fungi have been shown to be good candidates to remove pharmaceuticals. However, the pilot-scale application mainly deals with the strict growth conditions and competition between microbial communities from wastewater. Thus, the bioaugmentation for removing the pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater by Trametes versicolor and Aspergillus luchuensis using fluidized bed pelleted bioreactor was studied. To find the optimal performance of bioaugmentation by both fungi periodical biomass volume, 10 and 50 g per 1.25 L bioreactor, were tested. The removal of nutrients, pharmaceutical substances, and changes in the pH value, laccase activity, and total cell number of microorganisms were analyzed. The results showed that bioaugmentation has an effect in removing NH4-N and lower accumulation of NO3-N, whereas PO4−3-P and TOC did not show a significant effect on the reduction of nutrient load compared to the control without fungal addition. The results of removal efficiency for diclofenac, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole showed that there was no significant effect on the removal while the highest removal efficiency (&gt; 90 %) for ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and metoprolol was achieved by both fungi with periodical addition with 50 g of biomass after an incubation time of 3 hours. Finally, the data analysis with AI-based experimental design indicated that A. luchuensis can be a useful fungus for pharmaceutical removal and implies a perspective approach for optimization of fluidized bed pelleted bioreactor. Overall, the obtained results and the use of an AI-based platform is a promising approach for the optimization and operation of fluidized bed pelleted bioreactors.

  • 22.
    Dremé, Maria
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekologi.
    EXERGIOPTIMERING PÅ KÄPPALAVERKET2011Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Käppalaverket är ett kommunalt avloppsreningsverk på Lidingö öster om Stockholm, som under 2009 hade en belastning motsvarande ungefär 540 000 personekvivalenter. Käppalaverket drivs av Käppalaförbundet, som ägs av elva kommuner i norra och östra Storstockholmsområdet som gått samman för att gemensamt rena medlemskommunernas avloppsvatten.

    Käppalaverket arbetar ständigt med att optimera sin verksamhet för att göra den mer miljövänlig och mer ekonomiskt hållbar. En viktig del i strävan att optimera Käppalaverket är att uppnå en så energieffektiv reningsprocess som möjligt och att därigenom nå minsta möjliga resursförbrukning. Detta innebär dels att tillvara på de resurser som når verket genom inkommande vatten i form av exempelvis organiskt material och värme, dels att utnyttja de produkter som bildas (slam, biogas) på bästa möjliga vis.

    En metod för att mäta denna resurseffektivitet är att omvandla in- och utgående komponenter och energislag till deras motsvarande exergivärden och göra en s.k. exergibalans översystemet. Från exergivärdena kan exergiindex för Käppalaverket tas fram enligt en modell framtagen av Svenskt Vatten [1], vilket sedan möjliggör jämförelser mellan Käppalaverkets och andra svenska reningsverks exergieffektivitet.

    Inom ramen för ett examensarbete för civilingenjörsexamen i kemiteknik vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm har ovan nämnda exergibalans och exergiindex beräknats för åren 2009 och 2010. Resultaten visar att Käppalaverket under 2009 uppnådde en hög reningsgrad, men exergieffektiviteten var låg jämfört med andra verk. Detta beror främst på att Käppalaverket fram till juni 2010 använt biogas för produktion av fjärrvärme, vilket resulterar i dåliga exergiindex. Resultaten för 2010, då man började leverera fordonsgas, visar att Käppalaverket nu förbättrat sin exergieffektivitet och därmed också sina exergiindex.

    Som en ytterligare del i projektet genomfördes en analys av slamavvattningen ur exergisynpunkt med hänsyn till kemikalietillsatser, elenergiförbrukning, minskning av transporter och utnyttjande av slam i jordbruket. Denna analys visade att dagens slamavvattning står sig bra jämfört med alternativet centrifuger, och en fördel med dagens slamavvattning är att slammet även hygieniseras av behandlingen, utan energikrävande termofil rötning.

  • 23. Engqvist, A.
    et al.
    Stenström, Petter
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Pierce, Kena
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Modelling the effects of a pumping program for increasing water circulation in a semi-enclosed bay in the Stockholm archipelago2006Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, 2006, s. 253-269Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Brunnsviken in the inner Stockholm archipelago, close to the City of Stockholm and popular for recreational activities, is a semi-enclosed bay with a very narrow passage to the adjacent archipelago and consequently has a limited water exchange. Various attempts have been made over the past three decades to improve the water quality in the bay. Since 1986, the drinking water authorities of Stockholm withdraw bottom water by pumping it from one of the deep basins of the bay through a pipe to be eventually discharged into the nearest embayment of the archipelago. There are, however, some questions regarding the cost-benefit aspect of this strategy. In particular, it is unclear if the location and the rate of pumping are well chosen in order to increase the ventilation of the bay at large. In addition, it should be possible to eventually optimize the pumping schedule, so that these energy-demanding and thus costly efforts are concentrated to times when they act in concert with natural forcing to increase water exchange. To help improve the pumping program, a modelling project was started in spring 2004. First, a one-dimensional (1-D) layer model that resolves the bay into one basin with multiple-layer stratification was attempted. Second, a three-dimensional (3-D) model with the capacity to be run under non-hydrostatic assumptions was set up at high resolution to study a number of scenarios. Both models were forced by wind, river discharge, surface temperature and the exchange driven by density fluctuations across the boundary to the adjacent archipelago. In the 3-D model, the pumping is included as a virtual divergence of the flow at the location of the pipe. The main results are that the 1-D model performs considerably better than the 3-D model in simulating the measured salinity profiles, even though it does not resolve the basin in the horizontal direction. The poor performance of the 3-D model with regard to salinity is however mainly due to boundary problems: too little inflow of saline water through the narrow and shallow entrance channel, and underestimation of the freshwater supply. The dynamics of the thermocline is better captured by the 3-D model but can certainly also be improved.

  • 24.
    Engström, Emma
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Transport and Fate of Escherichia coli in Unsaturated Porous Media2011Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The unsaturated zone could provide an effective barrier against pathogenic microbes entering the groundwater. Knowledge relating to microbial fate in this zone is therefore important for increased understanding of groundwater vulnerability. This thesis examines the published literature that is related to the transport, retention and survival processes that apply to the fecal indicator bacterium Escherichia coli in unsaturated porous media. The main focus concerns the research findings under steady-state flow in homogeneous filter media, and under unfavorable attachment conditions, which are the most common in the natural environment. Experimental results in the literature for the pore-, column- and field-scale are examined and compared to commonly applied theories and modeling approaches. An analysis of the main factors that influence attenuation and biofilm formation is provided. Further, the findings are illustrated in a model of an unplanted, vertical flow constructed wetland. The results indicate that retention at the solid-air-water interface is a major attenuation process. In addition, they suggest that the flow velocity (as dependent on the grain size and the saturation) is a key influencing factor. However, it has not yet been established how the research findings relating to the main processes and influencing factors can be incorporated into predictive models; in the literature, a multitude of models have been proposed and alternative theories could describe the same observation. In this study, the transport and fate of Escherichia coli in different sand filters is, therefore, modeled using various literature models - derived under similar experimental conditions - in order to assess the possibility to compare and generalize the equations, evaluate their implications considering the different saturation settings and filter depths, and to define the spectra of the reduction efficiencies. It is discovered that the bacterial attenuation behaviors vary largely. This calls for clarification regarding the underlying processes. Future research is also recommended to include the ef-fects of structured filter media and sudden changes in the flow rate.

    Ladda ner fulltext (pdf)
    Transport and Fate of Escherichia coli in Unsaturated Porous Media
  • 25.
    Engström, Emma
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Thunvik, Roger
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Modeling bacterial transport and removal in a constructed wetland system2010Ingår i: Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference, 2010, Paris, 2010Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
  • 26.
    Engström, Emma
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Thunvik, Roger
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Predicting the transport and fate of Escherichia coli in unsaturated sand filters2011Ingår i: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, ISSN 0169-7722, E-ISSN 1873-6009Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 27.
    Engström, Emma
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Thunvik, Roger
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Kulabako, Robinah
    Department of Civil Engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Mark- och vattenteknik, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning.
    Escherichia coli transport and fate in unsaturated porous media: a literature review of experimental findings and theories relating to processes, models and influencing factors2011Ingår i: Critical reviews in environmental science and technology, ISSN 1064-3389, E-ISSN 1547-6537Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 28.
    Fatima, Masoom
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE).
    Farooq, R.
    Lindström, Rakel
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemiteknik, Tillämpad elektrokemi.
    Saeed, M.
    A review on biocatalytic decomposition of azo dyes and electrons recovery2017Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Liquids, ISSN 0167-7322, E-ISSN 1873-3166, Vol. 246, s. 275-281Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Discharge of waste water from textile industry during coloring processes contains high concentrations of biologically difficult-to-degrade dye chemicals along with antifouling agents. Azo dyes considered to be the largest class of synthetic dyes used in the textile industries and are present in significant amounts in its effluents. These are highly stable because of its complex aromatic structure and covalent azo bonds. Traditional physico-chemical methods are not considered sufficient because of their high cost, partial degradation and more sludge production. The use of biocatalysts for decolorization is a gaining momentum due to having redox-active molecules. Current review explored techniques for the decomposition of textile dyes, their merits, limitations and recommended the emerging microbial fuel cell technology followed by aerobic treatment for complete degradation of dye intermediate metabolites.

  • 29.
    Fatima, Masoom
    et al.
    COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan.;COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.;COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan.;COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Saeed, Muhammad
    COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan.;COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan..
    Aslam, Muhammad
    COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem Engn, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.;COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem Engn, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Wreland Lindström, Rakel
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Kemiteknik, Tillämpad elektrokemi.
    Farooq, Robina
    COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.;COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan..
    Application of novel bacterial consortium for biodegradation of aromatic amine 2-ABS using response surface methodology2020Ingår i: Journal of Microbiological Methods, ISSN 0167-7012, E-ISSN 1872-8359, Vol. 174, artikel-id 105941Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a strong need to develop purification methods for textile industrial wastewater containing toxic azo dyes. The reductive cleavage of azo dyes can be made by anaerobic bacteria, but the products of aromatic amines require an aerobic process. In this study a novel bacterial dye degrading consortium (DDC) of five isolated strains identified with 16S rRNA sequence: Proteus mirabilis (KR732288), Bacillus anthracis (KR732289), Enterobacter hormaechei (KR732290), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KR732293) and Serratia rubidaea (KR732296) were used to aerobically decompose metabolite 2-aminobenxenesulfonic acid (2-ABS), as a model compound. The effect of three variables: temperature (28-42 degrees C), pH (5.0-8.0) and initial concentration of 2-ABS (5-40 ppm) was investigated in terms of degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Central composite design matrixand response surface methodology (RSM) were used for experimental design to evaluate theinteraction of the three process variables. The results show that up to 95% degradation and COD 90% removal are possible at optimal values of 32.4 ppm 2-ABS, pH 6.6 and a temperature of 35.7 degrees C. The theoretical response variables predicted by the developed RSM model was supported the experimental results. The optimized degradation of 2-ABS and COD removal were further confirmed by UV-HPLC analysis.

  • 30.
    Georgouvelas, Dimitrios
    et al.
    Stockholm Univ, Div Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius vag 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser
    Stockholm Univ, Div Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius vag 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Assiut Univ, Dept Chem, Adv Multifunct Mat Lab, Fac Sci, Assiut 71515, Egypt..
    Edlund, Ulrica
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymerteknologi.
    Mathew, Aji P.
    Stockholm Univ, Div Mat & Environm Chem, Svante Arrhenius vag 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    In situ modified nanocellulose/alginate hydrogel composite beads for purifying mining effluents2023Ingår i: Nanoscale Advances, E-ISSN 2516-0230, Vol. 5, nr 21, s. 5892-5899Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Biobased adsorbents and membranes offer advantages related to resource efficiency, safety, and fast kinetics but have challenges related to their reusability and water flux. Nanocellulose/alginate composite hydrogel beads were successfully prepared with a diameter of about 3-4 mm and porosity as high as 99%. The beads were further modified with in situ TEMPO-mediated oxidation to functionalize the hydroxyl groups of cellulose and facilitate the removal of cationic pollutants from aqueous samples at low pressure, driven by electrostatic interactions. The increased number of carboxyl groups in the bead matrix improved the removal efficiency of the adsorbent without compromising the water throughput rate; being as high as 17 000 L h(-1) m(-2) bar(-1). The absorptivity of the beads was evaluated with UV-vis for the removal of the dye Methylene Blue (91% removal) from spiked water and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) elemental analyses for the removal of Cd2+ from industrial mining effluents. The modified beads showed a 3-fold increase in ion adsorption and pose as excellent candidates for the manufacturing of three-dimensional (3-D) column filters for large-volume, high flux water treatment under atmospheric pressure.

  • 31.
    Goralski, Alma
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH).
    Removal of pharmaceutical residues from wastewater2019Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (yrkesexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Idag återfinns läkemedelsrester i stor utsträckning i naturen, vilket är ett resultat av den omfattande användningen av human- och veterinärmediciner. Läkemedelsresterna har visat sig ha en skadlig effekt på flora och fauna. Dagens avloppsreningsverk är inte byggda för att rena vattnet från läkemedelsrester, vilket kräver att nya metoder utvecklas och implementeras för att förebygga spridning av läkemedel.

    Denna avhandling redogör för tre huvudområden, inledningsvis en förstudie om förekomsten av läkemedelsrester i olika delar av ett vattenreningsverk samt i en närliggande å. Därefter en studie av ozons förmåga att eliminera läkemedelsrester och slutligen konstruktion av ett aktivt kolfilter och en utvärdering av dess förmåga att ta bort läkemedel. Detta gjordes med syftet att verifiera kvalitén hos en fullskalig anläggning som kommer att installeras på ett vattenreningsverket där ozon och aktivt kol kommer användas för borttagning av läkemedelsrester.

    Förstudien visar att totalkoncentrationen av de aktiva läkemedelssubstanserna (API:er) var som störst vid inloppet av reningsverket (93.8 μg/L) och koncentrationen minskade genom de olika processtegen och var som lägst i utloppet (5.6 μg/L). Paracetamol återfanns i den högsta koncentrationen i inloppet (86.5 μg/L), men kunde inte detekteras i utloppet. Ingen av API:erna återfanns i recipienten, men däremot detekterades koffein.

    Pilotanläggningsstudierna genomfördes i en batch och genomfördes med högozongenerering och med låg ozongenerering. Studien med hög ozongenerering visade att alla läkemedelsrester var under analysmetodens detektionsgräns efter 2 minuter. Pilotstudien med låg ozonegenerering visade att den totala läkemedelsborttagningen var 44 % efter 7 minuter, 78 % efter 13 minuter, 97 % efter 20 minuter och mer än 99 % efter 60 minuter. Alla läkemedelsrester var under analysmetodens detektionsgräns efter 180 min.

    Kolfiltret konstruerades för att efterlikna det fullskaliga filtret så mycket som möjligt och skalades således efter den hypotetiska tomma bäddhastigheten. Kolfiltret tog bort cirka 99 % av ozonet och alla läkemedelsrester utom Ranitidin som reducerades med 76 %.

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  • 32.
    Grönlund, Lisa
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekologi.
    OPTIMERING AV KVÄVEAVSKILJNINGEN PÅ AVLOPPSRENINGSVERKET I HALLSBERGS KOMMUN: EN TEKNISK-, EKONOMISK- OCH MILJÖMÄSSIG UTVÄRDERING2011Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Avloppsreningsverket i Hallsberg kommun är beläget i direkt anslutning till Hallsberg, med Ralaån som recipient. Tekniken på reningsverket bygger på principerna för en klassisk aktivslamanläggning med mekanisk rening, kemisk rening, biologisk rening och en slambehandling där rötning av primär- och sekundärslam används för utvinning av biogas.

    Hallsberg ARV har under en längre tid haft problem med kvävereningen. Under senaste åren har man överskridit riktvärdet för kväveutsläpp vid ett flertal tillfällen och under 2009 överskreds även gränsvärdet. Riktvärdet för Hallsberg ARV är i dagsläget satt till 10mg NH4-N/l som medelvärde per månad, gränsvärdet är satt till 10 mg NH4-N/l som medelvärde per kalenderår. Då Hallsberg ARV inte drivs vid full kapacitet antas en minskning av kväveutsläppen vara möjlig att genomföra genom trimning av befintligutrustning och processer på verket. Detta antagande låg till grund för det här examensarbetet som syftar till att optimera kvävereningen på Hallsberg ARV. I optimeringen ingick en teknisk, ekonomisk och miljömässig utvärdering av olika alternativa lösningarna för att förbättra funktionen hos anläggningen. Extra hänsyn togs till energi- och kemikalieåtgång i syfte att få en så effektiv drift av verket som möjligt. Arbetet genomfördes genom en initial litteraturstudie på området, vartefter en provtagningsserie om fyra veckor realiserades på verket. Data som ligger till grund för slutsatserna i projektet har också inhämtats från onlinemätare på verket samt från äldre externt analyserade prover.

    Efter analys av insamlad data antas orsakerna till Hallsberg ARV:s höga utsläpp av kväve bero på en kombination av flera faktorer:

    -Vid vår och höst kan brunnsslamintaget vara så stort att bräddning sker ut till verket. Detta leder till att kvävebelastningen höjs så kraftigt att nitrifierarna inte hinner acklimatisera sig och får förhöjda kväveutsläpp till följd.

    -Mycket kväve följer med slammet från simultanfällningen till rötningen. Detta kan påverka halten kväve i rejektet från rötkamrarna som i sin tur kan leda till störningar i kvävereningen.

    -Centrifugens rejekt innehåller mycket kväve och körs idag endast under ett par dagar i veckan vilket leder till stora variationer i inkommande kvävehalt.

    -En hög förfällning av fosfor och organiskt material har bidragit till en låg halt av organiskt material i denitrifikationen.

    Sammantaget föreslås att vidare studier bör genomföras av ovan nämnda områden för att driften på Hallsberg ARV ska kunna drivas med så låga miljömässiga och ekonomiska kostnader som möjligt.

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  • 33.
    Gurav, Ranjit
    et al.
    Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States.
    Choi, Yong Keun
    Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
    Vyavahare, Govind
    Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, Maharashtra.
    Bhatia, Shashi Kant
    Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
    Lyu, Honghong
    Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China.
    Aware, Chetan
    Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, Maharashtra.
    Kalyani, Dayanand
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Industriell bioteknologi.
    Kan, Eunsung
    Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
    Jadhav, Jyoti P.
    Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, Maharashtra.
    Yang, Yung Hun
    Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
    Production, characterization, and application of biochar for remediation of dyes from textile industry wastewater2023Ingår i: Current Developments in Bioengineering and Biotechnology: Advances in Eco-friendly and Sustainable Technologies for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater, Elsevier BV , 2023, s. 231-251Kapitel i bok, del av antologi (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Dyes are coloring agents widely used in the textile and leather industries. Synthetic dyes are the major contributor to global wastewater exhibiting toxic effects on humans, aquatic organisms, and the environment. The conventional decolorization treatments are less effective due to high dye concentration in wastewater, complex chemical structure, and poor biodegradability. Several strategies like physical, chemical, and biological were reported earlier for dye decolorization. However, the adsorption technique has been extensively considered from economic and ecological standpoints. Biochar, a carbonaceous material generated by pyrolyzing waste biomass has been discussed here to tackle the dye-containing wastewater. As an adsorbent, biochar has gained considerable attention owing to its underlying advantages like larger surface area, high porosity, low production cost, varied surface functional groups, easy surface modifications, exceptional hydrophobicity, and aromaticity. In this chapter, we have discussed approaches for the production, and characterization of the biochar. Furthermore, we have also considered the effect of different physicochemical properties, sorption kinetics, isotherm models, and other key factors affecting the sorption mechanism. In this perspective, an effort has been made in this chapter to explore the probability and practicability of biochar as a sorbent for removal of the textile dyes.

  • 34.
    Halakarni, Mahaveer A.
    et al.
    Jain Univ, Ctr Nano & Mat Sci, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India..
    Polisetti, Veerababu
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material. KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Samage, Anita A.
    Jain Univ, Ctr Nano & Mat Sci, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India..
    Mahto, Ashesh
    Jain Univ, Ctr Nano & Mat Sci, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India..
    Svagan, Anna Justina
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material. KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Nataraj, Sanna Kotrappanavar
    Jain Univ, Ctr Nano & Mat Sci, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, India..
    Design of selective and self-cleaning iron aminoclay thin film nanocomposite membranes2023Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN 1385-8947, E-ISSN 1873-3212, Vol. 456, artikel-id 140941Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Selective separation using efficient high-performance nanofiltration membranes has the potential for widespread application in multiple fields, including dye desalination, industrial wastewater treatment, and resource recovery from different feed streams. This study focused on the design of selective and self-cleaning nanofiltration membranes by incorporating iron aminoclay nanoparticles in a piperazine-based polyamide active layer supported on an ultrafiltration PAN substrate. Fe-AC nanoparticles and thin film nanocomposites (TFNC) were characterized for their morphology, surface chemistry, roughness, and surface area. In terms of wettability/hydrophilicity, TFNC membranes with Fe-AC incorporated had the lowest contact angle of 33.5 degrees, while that of the pristine TFNC0 membrane was 60.5 degrees. They also had a higher surface negative zeta potential and smoother surface morphology. The TFNC membranes also exhibited higher water fluxes and enhanced selectivity towards molecular separation compared to the control membranes. The water flux of the optimized AC polyamide membrane, TFNC3, was 19.70 +/- 0.5 LMH (L. m- 2.h-1), while that of the pristine TFNC0 membrane was 4.85 +/- 0.6 LMH at 4 bar. 98.0-99.0 % rejection of model organic moieties was achieved at a constant flux (Congo red, Eriochrome Black T, methylene blue, Rhodamine 6G, and Crystal violet). When simulated wastewater was purified, the Fe-AC TFNC showed 98.0 % rejection of dyes and 20.0 % rejection of inorganic salts. In long-term filtration studies (>210 h) using simulated wastewater spiked with multiple foulants, >98.0 % rejection of organic matter and foulants was recorded with a stable long-term flux profile. A leaching study confirmed that the membranes were structurally stable, even after the self-cleaning process and at elevated temperatures, without any significant reduction in flux or rejection. Comparing the fouling performance between TFNC3 membranes and commercial reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, the FDR and Flux Recovery Ratio (FRR) values of commercial RO membranes were 58.0 % and 73.0 %, while those of TFNC3 were 47.0 % and 97.0 %, respectively. The results show that the membranes have lower fouling values and higher FRR values when iron clay is present. These results demonstrate the potential of the membranes for effective pre-treatment of various industrial wastewaters and selective separation.

  • 35.
    Hamisi, Rajabu
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Vatten- och miljöteknik.
    Renman, Gunno
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Vatten- och miljöteknik.
    Renman, Agnieszka
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Vatten- och miljöteknik.
    Wörman, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Vatten- och miljöteknik.
    Modelling phosphorus sorption kinetics and the longevity of reactive filter materials used for on-sitewastewater treatment2019Ingår i: Water, E-ISSN 2073-4441, Vol. 11, nr 4, artikel-id 811Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Use of reactive filter media (RFM) is an emerging technology in small-scale wastewater treatment to improve phosphorus (P) removal and filter material longevity for making this technology sustainable. In this study, long-term sorption kinetics and the spatial dynamics of sorbed P distribution were simulated in replaceable P-filter bags filled with 700 L of reactive material and used in real on-site treatment systems. The input data for model calibration were obtained in laboratory trials with Filtralite P®, Polonite® and Top16. The P concentration breakthrough threshold value was set at an effluent/influent (C/C 0 ) ratio of 1 and simulations were performed with P concentrations varying from 1 to 25 mg L -1 . The simulation results showed that influent P concentration was important for the breakthrough and longevity, and that Polonite performed best, followed by Top16 and Filtralite P. A 100-day break in simulated intermittent flow allowed the materials to recover, which for Polonite involved slight retardation of P saturation. The simulated spatial distribution of P accumulated in the filter bags showed large differences between the filter materials. The modelling insights from this study can be applied in design and operation of on-site treatment systems using reactive filter materials.

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  • 36.
    Hermelin, Samuel
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Industriell ekologi.
    Suokko, Joel
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Industriell ekologi.
    Rening av kontaminerat vatten med hjälp av biomassa: En alternativ reningsmetod för metallkontaminerat vatten i Uganda2016Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    För att en hållbar utveckling ska kunna nås enligt de 17 miljömålen från Paris krävs en enkel och billig metod för vattenrening. Denna rapport behandlar en relativt oprövad metod som innebär att man ska rena metallförorenat vatten med hjälp av adsorptionsytor hos biomassa. Syftet med rapporten är att ta reda på ifall koppar- och koboltjoner skulle kunna bindas till vassväxten Cyperus papyrus och bomullsväxten Imperata cylindrica. Hur konkurrensen mellan kopparn och kobolten påverkar adsorptionen till biomassan samt vilken av biomassorna som lämpar sig bäst för rening skall också fastställas. Området som granskades var den koppar- och koboltförorenade floden River Nyamwamba i Uganda vilket gjorde att metallerna koppar och kobolt studerades. Biomassorna Cyperus papyrus och Imperata cylindrica växer i stor utsträckning i Uganda så dessa valdes ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv då eventuella transporter kan minimeras. Adsorptionsförmågan av metallerna bestämdes genom en laboration där biomassorna kunde adsorbera mellan 45,55 - 69,84 % av kobolten och 63,74 -77,54 % av kopparn hos de fyra olika lösningarna som testades. Imperata cylindrica visade sig ha en något bättre adsorptionsförmåga. Möjliga metoder som skulle kunna implementeras i samhället kan vara filter tillverkade av biomassa men det krävs fortfarande mer forskning inom området innan dessa kan tas i bruk. 

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  • 37.
    Hossain, Mohammed
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. NGO Forum Publ Hlth, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Frape, Shaun K.
    Ahmed, Kazi Matin
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Hasan, M. Aziz
    von Brömssen, Mattias
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. Ramboll Sweden AB, Soil & Water Environm, SE-10462 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Shahiruzzaman, Mohammad
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Intermediate Deep Aquifer (IDA) : A potential source for Arsenic-safe and low-Manganese drinking waterManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 38.
    Hossain, Mohammed
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. NGO Forum Publ Hlth, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Frape, Shaun K.
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Islam, M. Mainul
    Rahman, M. Moklesur
    von Brömssen, Mattias
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. Ramboll Sweden AB, Soil & Water Environm, SE-10462 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hasan, M. Aziz
    Ahmed, Kazi Matin
    Sediment color tool for targeting arsenic-safe aquifers for the installation of shallow drinking water tubewells2014Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 493, s. 615-625Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In rural Bangladesh, drinking water supply mostly comes from shallow hand tubewells installed manually by the local drillers, the main driving force in tubewell installation. This study was aimed at developing a sediment color tool on the basis of local driller's perception of sediment color, arsenic (As) concentration of tubewell waters and respective color of aquifer sediments. Laboratory analysis of 521 groundwater samples collected from 144 wells during 2009 to 2011 indicate that As concentrations in groundwater were generally higher in the black colored sediments with an average of 239 mu g/L. All 39 wells producing water from red sediments provide safe water following the Bangladesh drinking water standard for As (50 mu g/L) where mean and median values were less than the WHO guideline value of 10 mu g/L. Observations for off-white sediments were also quite similar. White sediments were rare and seemed to be less important for well installations at shallow depths. A total of 2240 sediment samples were collected at intervals of 1.5 m down to depths of 100 m at 15 locations spread over a 410 km(2) area in Matlab, Bangladesh and compared with the Munsell Color Chart with the purpose of direct comparison of sediment color in a consistent manner. All samples were assigned with Munsell Color and Munsell Code, which eventually led to identify 60 color shade varieties which were narrowed to four colors (black, white, off-white and red) as perceived and used by the local drillers. During the process of color grouping, participatory approach was considered taking the opinions of local drillers, technicians, and geologists into account. This simplified sediment color tool can be used conveniently during shallow tubewell installation and thus shows the potential for educating local drillers to target safe aquifers on the basis of the color characteristics of the sediments.

  • 39.
    Hossain, Mohammed
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. NGO Forum Publ Hlth, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
    Frape, Shaun K.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Rahman, M. Moklesur
    Alam, M. S.
    Hoque, M. A.
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Hasan, M. Aziz
    Ahmed, Kazi Matin
    von Brömssen, Mattias
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. Ramboll Sweden AB, Soil & Water Environm, SE-10462 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Hydrogeological variation in Shallow, Intermediate and Deep Aquifers in Matlab of Southeastern Bangladesh: implications for the installation of arsenic-safe drinking water tubewells and their sustainabilityManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 40.
    Iqbal, Mazhar
    et al.
    Univ Agr Faisalabad, Dept Agr Engn, Faisalabad, Pakistan..
    Nauman, Saima
    Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Civil Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia..
    Ghafari, Mehdi
    Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Civil Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia..
    Parnianifard, Amir
    Univ Putra Malaysia, Dept Mech & Mfg Engn, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia..
    Gomes, Ashen
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Elektroteknik, Elkraftteknik.
    Gomes, Chandima
    Univ Witwatersrand, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Treatment of Wastewater for Agricultural Applications in Regions of Water Scarcity2022Ingår i: Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, ISSN 2069-5837, Vol. 12, nr 5, s. 6336-6360Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper analyses the latest techniques for treating wastewater to make it suitable for agricultural applications in regions where irrigation water is scarce. Micro-filtration (MF) techniques yield a significant reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Total Bacterial Count (TBC) of wastewater, which makes it suitable to be used for irrigational purposes. Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is a viable solution for treating wastewater discharged from many industrial sectors, such as the food processing industry, for reclaiming water for agro-applications. Such industrial water may seal soil pores if directed untreated to agricultural fields. Concerning the treatment of microbial contamination of wastewater, the removal rate of pressurized membrane bio-booster (MBR) is significantly large for coliform and metals such as lead, copper, chromium, and arsenic. Both electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation are applied in the removal of oxidable chemicals from wastewater. However, the electrocoagulation process shows a higher efficiency in terms of removing COD. Contamination of agricultural fields with heavy metals is considered an adverse impact on the human and animal safety of discharging wastewater into agro-fields. Thus, removing such contaminants should be given the utmost priority in wastewater treatment, especially from industrial discharge, before they are directed to agricultural usage. Factors that govern the sustainability of a given method in a water-scarce region are also discussed.

  • 41.
    Janssen, Rene
    et al.
    Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res Warnemunde, Biol Oceanog, Rostock, Germany..
    Beck, Aaron J.
    GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Marine Biogeochem, Kiel, Germany..
    Werner, Johannes
    Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res Warnemunde, Biol Oceanog, Rostock, Germany..
    Dellwig, Olaf
    Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res Warnemunde, Marine Geol, Rostock, Germany..
    Alneberg, Johannes
    KTH, Centra, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Genteknologi.
    Kreikemeyer, Bernd
    Univ Rostock, Inst Med Microbiol Virol & Hyg, Rostock, Germany..
    Maser, Edmund
    Univ Med Sch Schleswig Holstein, Inst Toxicol & Pharmacol Nat Scientists, Kiel, Germany..
    Bottcher, Claus
    State Minist Energy Agr Environm Nat & Dig & Atio, Kiel, Germany..
    Achterberg, Eric P.
    GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Marine Biogeochem, Kiel, Germany..
    Andersson, Anders F.
    KTH, Centra, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Genteknologi.
    Labrenz, Matthias
    Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res Warnemunde, Biol Oceanog, Rostock, Germany..
    Machine Learning Predicts the Presence of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Sediments of a Baltic Sea Munitions Dumpsite Using Microbial Community Compositions2021Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, Vol. 12, artikel-id 626048Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Bacteria are ubiquitous and live in complex microbial communities. Due to differences in physiological properties and niche preferences among community members, microbial communities respond in specific ways to environmental drivers, potentially resulting in distinct microbial fingerprints for a given environmental state. As proof of the principle, our goal was to assess the opportunities and limitations of machine learning to detect microbial fingerprints indicating the presence of the munition compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in southwestern Baltic Sea sediments. Over 40 environmental variables including grain size distribution, elemental composition, and concentration of munition compounds (mostly at pmol.g(-1) levels) from 150 sediments collected at the near-to-shore munition dumpsite Kolberger Heide by the German city of Kiel were combined with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing libraries. Prediction was achieved using Random Forests (RFs); the robustness of predictions was validated using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). To facilitate machine learning with microbiome data we developed the R package phyloseq2ML. Using the most classification-relevant 25 bacterial genera exclusively, potentially representing a TNT-indicative fingerprint, TNT was predicted correctly with up to 81.5% balanced accuracy. False positive classifications indicated that this approach also has the potential to identify samples where the original TNT contamination was no longer detectable. The fact that TNT presence was not among the main drivers of the microbial community composition demonstrates the sensitivity of the approach. Moreover, environmental variables resulted in poorer prediction rates than using microbial fingerprints. Our results suggest that microbial communities can predict even minor influencing factors in complex environments, demonstrating the potential of this approach for the discovery of contamination events over an integrated period of time. Proven for a distinct environment future studies should assess the ability of this approach for environmental monitoring in general.

  • 42.
    Jonsson, Lena Margareta
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik. Stockholm Water Co., SE-106 36, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Björlenius, Berndt
    B2Processteknik, Eva Bonniers Gata 8, SE-129 54, Hägersten, Sweden, Eva Bonniers Gata 8.
    Multivariate methods in modelling the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in deep-bed two-media down-flow sand filters2023Ingår i: Water practice and technology, E-ISSN 1751-231X, Vol. 18, nr 1, s. 68-85Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Multiple linear regression (MLR) was applied to study the operation and efficiency of simultaneous denitrification with sodium acetate (NaAc) as a carbon and energy source and the chemical precipitation of phosphate with iron salts in a pilot sand filter. Different loads were simulated with the addition of primary settled wastewater (PW) containing suspended solids (SS) and biological SS from the aeration tank. SS from PW partly passed the filter. Biological SS was caught by the filter. The validation of the model showed that phosphorus concentration and chemical oxygen demand reduction were easier to predict correctly than the time of operation of the filter. The reduction of total phosphorus differed between 0.01 and 0.31 mg P/L, and the nitrate concentration in the filtrate differed between 0 and 5.2 mg N/L when comparing the experimental values with the model. Experiments showed filtrate concentrations of 0–0.12 mg PO4-P/L, 3.0–8.8 mg NO3-N/L, and 1.9–34 mg SS/L. The addition of NaAc gave a small increase in the reduction of PO4-P probably because of the assimilation of PO4-P into the denitrifying sludge. The dosage of Fe gave a small decrease in the reduction of NO3-N probably because of PO4-P limitation for denitrifying bacteria, as Fe acts as a precipitation agent upon PO4-P.

  • 43.
    Khan, MD. Ershad Ullah
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Energiteknik, Kraft- och värmeteknologi.
    Martin, Andrew R.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Energiteknik, Kraft- och värmeteknologi.
    Optimization of hybrid renewable energy polygeneration system with membrane distillation for rural households in Bangladesh2015Ingår i: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 93, s. 1116-1126Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite the country's rural electrification program, kerosene is the predominant source for lighting, and woody biomass is virtually the only option available for cooking. The rural population also struggles with unsafe drinking water in terms of widespread arsenic contamination of well water. Biogas plants and pV are individually impractical to serve both cooking, lighting and water purification systems, and their combined applications are extremely limited. This study considers a holistic approach towards tackling both of these issues via integrated renewable energy-based polygeneration employed at the village level. The polygeneration unit under consideration provides electricity via a pV array and animal and agriculture waste-fed digester, which in turn is coupled to a gas engine. Excess digester gas is employed for cooking and lighting, while waste heat from the process drives a membrane distillation unit for water purification. Technical assessments and optimization have been conducted with HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources). Results show that daily electricity demand can be met with such a system while simultaneously providing 0.4 m3 cooking fuel and 2e3 L pure drinking water. Cost estimates indicate that this approach is highly favorable to other renewable options. The pay back period of such system is between 3 and 4 years.

  • 44.
    Kharazmi, Parastou
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Byggvetenskap.
    Evaluation of Innovative Rehabilitation Technologies Utilising Polymer Composites for Aging Sewer Systems2019Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    System för vatten och avlopp tillhör de delar av infrastrukturen som kräver de största investeringarna. Dessutom håller utbytet av dem inte jämna steg med förfallet. Därför har användningen av alternativa teknologier för underhåll som använder beläggningar på insidan av någon typ av plast ökat avsevärt de senaste åren, både i Sverige och över hela världen. Jämfört med den traditionella metoden för rörbyte är dessa tekniker kostnadseffektiva, skapar mindre störningar i samhället och erbjuder en snabb återgång till normal användning av rörsystemet. Plastbeläggningen förlänger rörledningens livslängd genom att bevara röret och hejda dess nedbrytning. Även om rehabiliteringsteknologier som använder polymerbeläggningar har använts i över 30 år har det inte gjorts särskilt många tekniska bedömningar varken av dessa tekniker eller av de material som används. Data som samlas in vid utvärdering av dessa innovativa tekniker kan sprida förståelse kring deras fördelar och begränsningar och kan också användas för att göra renoveringsarbeten mer effektiva i framtiden.Huvudsyftet med detta arbete var att bidra till en förbättrad förståelse kring de metoder och material som används mest vid renovering av avloppsrör i bostadshus i Sverige. Det primära målet var inte att undersöka om teknologierna fungerar, utan att öka kunskapen om deras svagheter och styrkor, identifiera eventuella problem och ge en teknisk utvärdering för att stödja realistiska förväntningar på renovering av rörledningar. Insamling av teknisk information på detta sätt kommer att hjälpa till med planeringen av framtida studier; En omfattande insamling av data kommer att bidra till att öka effektiviteten i renoveringsarbeten, skapa utveckling inom området och förbättra möjligheterna att förutsägelsäga livslängden.Eftersom renovering av rörledningar fortfarande betraktas som något nytt, och eftersom det råder en allmän brist på tillgängliga data om ämnet, genomfördes en studie med flera synvinklar: denna inkluderade utvärdering av polymermaterialets prestanda i närvaro av nedbrytande faktorer, bedömning av funktionen för tidigare installerad relining i avloppsrör, bedömning av kvalitetskontrollen från tidigare reliningarbeten och utvärdering av miljökonsekvenserna av att använda reliningteknologier jämfört med rörbyte. Diskussionen gäller rörrenovering där epoxi- och polyesterbaserade fodermaterial, appliceras med borste eller spruttekniker och för ett härdat rörfoder (installerat genom att dra in ett polymerimpregnerat flexibelt rör inuti värdröret).Nedbrytning av de polymerbaserade beläggningarna hos rören undersöktes via konstgjort åldrande genom nedsänkning i vatten vid förhöjda temperaturer. Förändringarna i material som då inträffade spårades genom olika tester, inklusive termiska och mekaniska analyser, vattenabsorptionsmätningar och mikroskopi. Studien fokuserade på armerade polyesterbaserade och modifierade (seggjorda) epoxibaserade material för att få en bättre förståelse för deras prestanda. Dessutom gjordes laboratorieundersökningar på rör som tidigare blivit relinade för att utvärdera materialets och teknikens prestanda under drift och prestanda över tid, samt för att identifiera vanliga defekter. Flera undersökningsmetoder användes, inklusive visuell inspektion, mikroskopi, Fourier transform infraröd spektroskopi, tjockleksmätning, termiska och mekaniska analyser. Detta doktorsarbete innehåller också en undersökning om vilken kvalitetskontroll som genomförts under vid tidigare arbeten för rörrenovering. Data samlades in under besök på arbetsplatserna, samt genom att analysera rör som hade varit installerade. Slutligen genomfördes en jämförande LCA-bedömning för att jämföra miljökonsekvenserna av rörbyte med de för alternativa innovativa metoder för rörrenovering, såsom CIPP och beläggningar med polyester- och epoxypolymersystem. Data erhållna från en LCA-databas användes för göra jämförelsen.Resultat från konstgjort åldrande i laboratoriet indikerade att egenskaperna hos polymera reliningmaterial ändrades avsevärt när höga temperaturer kombinerades med exponering för vatten. Åldringsprovningen som utfördes för denna studie visade emellertid också att materialen presterade relativt bra vid temperaturer som är typiska i ett avloppssystem. Resultaten visade att det polyesterbaserade materialet var mindre känsligt jämfört med epoxibaserade under stimulerat åldrande. Dessutom visade resultat från undersökningen av prover som varit i praktisk drift i byggnader (omfattande undersökning av 12 prover med upp till 10 års tjänst, av armerad polyester och modifierad epoxi eller strumpa) mycket små tecken på att materialen genomgick betydande försämring efter installationen; istället befanns en majoritet av de vanliga defekterna vara relaterade till installation av dålig kvalitet. Eftersom väldigt få fältprover fanns tillgängliga så kunde inga slutsatser dras avseende total prestanda.Det finns dock inga bevis för att dessa material inte kommer att fungera som förväntat under deras livslängd när de installeras på ett korrekt sätt.När tidigare rörrenovering utvärderades avslöjades en skillnad mellan teori och praktik när det gäller kvalitetskontroll och dokumentation. Det framkom också att kvalitetskontroll och dokumentation är avgörande för både att förbygga fel som ofta uppkommer och att göra arbetet effektivt. Därför ges en serie rekommendationer kring utveckling av en god kvalitetskontroll och för procedurer för kvalitetssäkring (QC/QA) e. Dessa rekommendationer belyser de viktigaste aspekterna att ta hänsyn till vid flera viktiga faser av reliningarbetet (innan installationen, under installationen och efter att rörrenoveringen är slutförd).Den jämförande LCA-bedömningen visade att rörrenovering med strumpmetoden och beläggningsmetoderna har vissa fördelar jämfört med rörbyte ur ett miljöperspektiv. Att välja en renoveringsteknologi framför en annan är emellertid en beslutsprocess i flera steg som inte bör baseras enbart på en enda faktor.Detta doktorsarbete främjar en förbättrad förståelse av begränsningarna och fördelarna med relining av avloppsrör genom tester och analyser. Arbetet visar att det finns behov av förbättrad kvalitetskontroll och föreslår vidare utveckling av en plan för kvalitetskontroll för varje teknik eftersom det kommer att ge högre och jämnare kvalitet totalt sett.Studien visar också att den långsiktiga styrkan i varje metod för rörrenovering beror på flera olika faktorer, och att val av en metod framför en annan måste baseras på omfattande kunskap och förståelse för varje metod. Studierna gav inga belägg för att materialen inte kunde fungera bra under normala förhållanden om de blivit valda och installerade på ett korrekt sätt.Emellertid skulle studier av ett större antal fältprover med längre driftstid och en mer detaljerad teknisk historik, tillsammans med en mer utökad experimentell plan för laboratorieundersökningar baserat på resultaten av detta doktorandarbete, möjliggöra insamling av de uppgifter som krävs för att svara på frågor om livslängden med en högre grad av säkerhet.

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  • 45. Kibria, M. G.
    et al.
    Kirk, M. F.
    Datta, S.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Hossain, Mohammed
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    von Brömssen, Mattias
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Jacks, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Ahmed, K. M.
    Hydrogeochemistry and microbial geochemistry on different depth aquifer sediments from Matlab, Bangladesh2014Ingår i: One Century of the Discovery of Arsenicosis in Latin America (1914-2014): As 2014 - Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, 2014, s. 101-103Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Arsenic (As) poses the greatest hazard towards drinking water quality in Bangladesh. Tubewell drinking water is one of the main sources for household based water options in rural Bangladesh. Our study area is in Matlab Upazila, in Bangladesh. The overall objective of this research and the SASMIT project is to develop a community based initiative for sustainable As mitigation by developing a sediment color based tool for the local drillers prioritizing on the hydrogeological and biogeochemical investigations. For this purpose we analyzed different depth colored sediments and water for find out the sustainable low Arsenic contaminated aquifer.

  • 46. Kumar, M.
    et al.
    Ramanathan, A. L.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Evaluation of arsenic and its controlling factors in aquifer sands of district Samastipur, Bihar, India2014Ingår i: One Century of the Discovery of Arsenicosis in Latin America (1914-2014): As 2014 - Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, CRC Press, 2014, s. 108-109Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A set of 96 water samples from shallow tubewells and 14 sediment samples from Samastipur district to know the level of arsenic (As) and its controlling factors were analyzed. Groundwater samples were collected from tubewells of different depths, and a wide range of concentrations in the range 0.19-135 μg L-1 was found. Scanning electron micrograph study of the sediments shows intense chemical weathering. Present study also support reductive dissolution of FeOOH triggered by organic matter oxidation as an As mobility factor in the aquifer sands.

  • 47.
    Kumar, Manish
    et al.
    Indian Inst Technol Gandhinagar, Discipline Earth Sci, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.;Indian Inst Technol Gandhinagar, Kiran C Patel Ctr Sustainable Dev, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India..
    Kuroda, Keisuke
    Toyama Prefectural Univ, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Imizu, Toyama 9390398, Japan..
    Joshi, Madhvi
    Gujarat Biotechnol Res Ctr GBRC, Sect 11, Gandhinagar 382011, Gujarat, India..
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Vatten- och miljöteknik.
    Barcelo, Damia
    Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.;Catalan Inst Water Res ICRA CERCA, Girona, Spain..
    First comparison of conventional activated sludge versus root-zone treatment for SARS-CoV-2 RNA removal from wastewaters: Statistical and temporal significance2021Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN 1385-8947, E-ISSN 1873-3212, Vol. 425, artikel-id 130635Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In the initial pandemic phase, effluents from wastewater treatment facilities were reported mostly free from Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, and thus conventional wastewater treatments were generally considered effective. However, there is a lack of first-hand data on i) comparative efficacy of various treatment processes for SARS-CoV-2 RNA removal; and ii) temporal variations in the removal efficacy of a given treatment process in the backdrop of active COVID-19 cases. This work provides a comparative account of the removal efficacy of conventional activated sludge (CAS) and root zone treatments (RZT) based on weekly wastewater surveillance data, consisting of forty-four samples, during a two-month period. The average genome concentration was higher in the inlets of CAS-based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the Sargasan ward (1.25 x 10(3) copies/L), than that of RZT-based WWTP (7.07 x 10(2) copies/L) in an academic institution campus of Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. ORF 1ab and S genes appeared to be more sensitive to treatment i.e., significantly reduced (p < 0.05) than N genes (p > 0.05). CAS treatment exhibited better RNA removal efficacy (p = 0.014) than RZT (p = 0.032). Multivariate analyses suggested that the effective genome concentration should be calculated based on the presence/absence of multiple genes. The present study stresses that treated effluents are not always free from SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and the removal efficacy of a given WWTP is prone to exhibit temporal variability owing to variations in active COVID-19 cases in the vicinity and genetic material accumulation over the time. Disinfection seems less effective than the adsorption and coagulation processes for SARS-CoV-2 removal. Results stress the need for further research on mechanistic insight on SARS-CoV-2 removal through various treatment processes taking solid-liquid partitioning into account.

  • 48.
    Kumar, Radhakrishnan Naresh
    et al.
    Birla Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India..
    Sadaf, Somya
    Birla Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India..
    Verma, Mohini
    Birla Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India..
    Chakraborty, Shubhrasekhar
    Birla Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India.;Usha Martin Univ, Dept Agr, Ranchi 835103, Jharkhand, India..
    Kumari, Shweta
    Birla Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India..
    Polisetti, Veerababu
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material. KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Kallem, Parashuram
    Khalifa Univ, Ctr Membranes & Adv Water Technol CMAT, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Abu Dhabi Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Environm Hlth & Safety Program, POB 59911, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Iqbal, Jawed
    Birla Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India..
    Banat, Fawzi
    Khalifa Univ, Ctr Membranes & Adv Water Technol CMAT, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Old Landfill Leachate and Municipal Wastewater Co-Treatment by Sequencing Batch Reactor Combined with Coagulation-Flocculation Using Novel Flocculant2023Ingår i: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 15, nr 10, artikel-id 8205Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of novel flocculants in combination with a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for the treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater has been shown to be an effective method for reducing polluted effluents. Co-treatment of landfill leachate with a mixture of municipal wastewater was performed at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in SBR and effluent was treated by coagulation-flocculation. SBR with 6 d hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 30 d solids retention time (SRT) removed 58 to 70% COD, 86 to 93% ammonia, 76 to 83% nitrate and 69 to 95% phosphate. Coagulation-flocculation with different dosages of alum and ferric chloride with polyacrylamide grafted gum ghatti (GGI-g-PAM) as a novel flocculant was used for chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and color removal. Maximum COD removal was at 20% leachate, which was 74% with alum at 2800 mg/L and 77% with ferric chloride at 470 mg/L. Alum and ferric chloride with GGI-g-PAM flocculant removed 96% and 82% of turbidity and 80% and 82% TSS, respectively. At 20% leachate, combined treatment with SBR and coagulation-flocculation resulted in the total removal of 89% COD, 83% ammonia, 82% nitrate 98% turbidity and 93% TSS with alum. The combined treatment with ferric chloride resulted in a removal of 90% COD, 86% ammonia, 83% nitrate, 98% turbidity and 94% TSS. Except for nitrate combined treatment with both the coagulants at 20% landfill leachate to municipal wastewater ratio removed COD, ammonia, phosphate and TSS to a level that met international standards for discharges to inland surface water. As such, the use of new flocculants with SBR can help reduce water pollution from landfill leachate and municipal wastewater. In addition to coagulation-flocculation, other physico-chemical processes can also be studied as post-treatment options for the co-treatment of wastewater mixture.

  • 49.
    Kumar, Rakesh
    et al.
    Nalanda Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Studies, Rajgir 803116, Bihar, India..
    Sharma, Prabhakar
    Nalanda Univ, Sch Ecol & Environm Studies, Rajgir 803116, Bihar, India..
    Yang, Wen
    Shenyang Agr Univ, Agron Coll, Shenyang, Peoples R China..
    Sillanpaa, Mika
    Univ Johannesburg, Sch Min Met & Chem Engn, Dept Chem Engn, POB 17011, ZA-2028 Doornfontein, South Africa.;King Saud Univ, Coll Sci, Chem Dept, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.;Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.;Shoolini Univ, Int Res Ctr Nanotechnol Himalayan Sustainabil IRC, Solan 173212, Himachal Prades, India..
    Shang, Jianying
    China Agr Univ, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China..
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Vatten- och miljöteknik.
    Vithanage, Meththika
    Univ Sri Jayewardenepura, Fac Appl Sci, Ecosphere Resilience Res Ctr, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.;Univ Petr & Energy Studies, Sch Engn, Sustainabil Cluster, Dehra Dun 248007, Uttarakhand, India..
    Maity, Jyoti Prakash
    KIIT Deemed Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Chem, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India..
    State-of-the-art of research progress on adsorptive removal of fluoride-contaminated water using biochar-based materials: Practical feasibility through reusability and column transport studies2022Ingår i: Environmental Research, ISSN 0013-9351, E-ISSN 1096-0953, Vol. 214, artikel-id 114043Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Fluoride (F-) is one of the essential elements found in soil and water released from geogenic sources and several anthropogenic activities. Fluoride causes fluorosis, dental and skeletal growth problems, teeth mottling, and neurological damage due to prolonged consumption, affecting millions worldwide. Adsorption is an extensively implemented technique in water and wastewater treatment for fluoride, with significant potential due to efficiency, cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, and reusability. This review highlights the current state of knowledge for fluoride adsorption using biochar-based materials and the limitations of biochar for fluoride-contaminated groundwater and industrial wastewater treatment. Biochar materials have shown significant adsorption capacities for fluoride under the influence of low pH, biochar dose, initial concentration, temperature, and co-existing ions. Modified biochar possesses various functional groups (-OH, -C=C, -C-O, -CONH, -C-OH, X-OH), in which enhanced hydroxyl (-OH) groups onto the surface plays a significant role in fluoride adsorption via electrostatic attraction and ion exchange. Regeneration and reusability of biochar sorbents need to be performed to a greater extent to improve removal efficiency and reusability in field conditions. Furthermore, the present investigation identifies the limitations of biochar materials in treating fluoride-contaminated drinking groundwater and industrial effluents. The fluoride removal using biochar-based materials at an industrial scale for understanding the practical feasibility is yet to be documented. This review work recommend the feasibility of biochar-based materials in column studies for fluoride remediation in the future.

  • 50.
    Kårelid, Victor
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Industriell bioteknologi.
    Towards application of activated carbon treatment for pharmaceutical removal in municipal wastewater2016Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    Many pharmaceuticals are found in municipal wastewater effluents due to their persistence in the human body as well as in conventional wastewater treatment processes. This discharge to the environment can lead to adverse effects in aquatic species, such as feminization of male fish. During the past decade, these findings have spawned investigations and research into suitable treatment technologies that could severely limit the discharge. Adsorption onto activated carbon has been identified as one of the two main technologies for implementation of (future) full-scale treatment.

    Recent research has put a closer focus on adsorption with powdered activated carbon (PAC) than on granular activated carbon (GAC). Studies where both methods are compared in parallel operation are thus still scarce and such evaluation in pilot-scale was therefore a primary objective of this thesis. Furthermore, recirculation of PAC can be used to optimize the treatment regarding the carbon consumption. Such a setup was evaluated as a separate treatment stage to comply with Swedish wastewater convention. Additionally, variation of a set of process parameters was evaluated.

    During successive operation at three different wastewater treatment plants an overall pharmaceutical removal of 95% could consistently be achieved with both methods. Furthermore, treatment with GAC was sensitive to a degraded effluent quality, which severely reduced the hydraulic capacity. Both treatment methods showed efficient removal of previously highlighted substances, such as carbamazepine and diclofenac, however in general a lower adsorption capacity was observed for GAC. By varying the input of process parameters, such as the continuously added dose or the contact time, during PAC treatment, a responsive change of the pharmaceutical removal could be achieved. The work in this thesis contributes some valuable field experience towards wider application of these treatment technologies in full-scale.

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