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  • 1.
    Ahmad, Arslan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Environmental arsenic in a changing world2019In: Groundwater for Sustainable Development, ISSN 2352-801X, Vol. 8, p. 169-171Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2. Bazilian, Morgan
    et al.
    Rogner, Holger
    Howells, Mark
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Hermann, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Arent, Douglas
    Gielen, Dolf
    Steduto, Pasquale
    Mueller, Alexander
    Komor, Paul
    Tol, Richard S.J.
    Yumkella, Kandeh K.
    Considering the energy, water and food nexus: Towards an integrated modelling approach2011In: Energy Policy, ISSN 0301-4215, E-ISSN 1873-6777, Vol. 39, no 12, p. 7896-7906Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The areas of energy, water and food policy have numerous interwoven concerns ranging from ensuring access to services, to environmental impacts to price volatility. These issues manifest in very different ways in each of the three "spheres", but often the impacts are closely related. Identifying these interrelationships a priori is of great importance to help target synergies and avoid potential tensions. Systems thinking is required to address such a wide swath of possible topics. This paper briefly describes some of the linkages at a high-level of aggregation - primarily from a developing country perspective - and via case studies, to arrive at some promising directions for addressing the nexus. To that end, we also present the attributes of a modelling framework that specifically addresses the nexus, and can thus serve to inform more effective national policies and regulations. While environmental issues are normally the 'cohesive principle' from which the three areas are considered jointly, the enormous inequalities arising from a lack of access suggest that economic and security-related issues may be stronger motivators of change. Finally, consideration of the complex interactions will require new institutional capacity both in industrialised and developing countries.

  • 3. Biermann, F.
    et al.
    Stevens, C.
    Bernstein, S.
    Gupta, A.
    Kanie, N.
    Nilsson, Måns
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Scobie, M.
    Global goal setting for improving national governance and policy2017In: Governing Through Goals: Sustainable Development Goals as Governance Innovation, The MIT Press , 2017, p. 75-96Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Bladby, Hanna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Wersäll, Johanna
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    A meat free society: The different substitutes for meat, their future and their environmental and health impact compared to meat2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The worldwide consumption of meat continues to increase and in Sweden the annual consumption has gone from 24 kg/person in 1990 to about 78 kg/person in 2005. This contributes to large environmental impacts such as an increase of greenhouse gas emissions, unsustainable land and resource use and shortage of water. A solution to the problem is to change our diets to be more sustainable. The purpose with this research is therefore to study the positive environmental and health aspects of alternative protein rich products based on soya, grown meat, algae and insects in comparison with meat. The goal is then to compare the environmental impacts from these products by studying different LCA-studies. Furthermore, also to understand how the future will be developed by interviewing producers of meat substitutes in Sweden. Some difficulties of comparing different LCA-studies are the choice of system boundaries, functional units and environmental aspects in the studies. Nevertheless, after studying a large amount of reports and articles about the products conclusions could yet be drawn. The carbonfootprint from beef is up to 20 times larger than from the substitutes and the land use is up to 125 times larger for beef compared to substitutes. Pork and chicken have lower impact but the lowest impact seems to come from producing substitutes based on soya beans. Insects and algae also have a low impact, but the products are still in the stage of development in Sweden due to laws, regulations and lack of knowledge. Regarding the health aspects substitutes could possibly replace meat since both insects and soya are rich of protein. Insects are also rich oniron and other nutrition. Algae consist as well of good nutrition. The companies interviewed in this study were Kung Markatta, Ekko gourmet and Veggi. They had some different opinions on future products, but they could all agree on that we need to eat less meat and more substitutes. The conclusions of this research are that the environmental aspects considered in the analysed LCA-studies are mostly carbon footprint and land use. They show that beef have a larger environmental impact than meat substitutes. It is however recommended to do new studies on products with the same system boundaries and functional units to get a more accurate and comparable result.

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  • 5.
    Carlsson Kanyama, Annika
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies.
    Hedin, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Learning in Stem. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Human Centered Technology, Media Technology and Interaction Design, MID.
    Katzeff, Cecilia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies.
    Dags för en nationell strategi för växtbaserade mejeriprodukter2021Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Om vi konsumenter slutar att dricka komjölk och äta ost gjord av råvaror från djurriket och i stället utnyttjar alternativen från växter så medför det mycket stora vinster för miljön. Därför behöver Sverige en ny nationell strategi som påskyndar en omställning till växtbaserade alternativ till mejeriprodukter.

  • 6.
    Cerin, Pontus
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Introducing Value Chain Stewardship (VCS)2006In: International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, ISSN 1567-9764, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 39-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    After a decade of international negotiations to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a sufficient number of countries have ratified the Kyoto agreement. However, even with this positive development there is a formidable challenge since, according to the World Resource Institute (WRI 2004), For the most part, developed nations have failed to attain the non-binding emission reductions they committed to in the original climate treaty in 1992, Ensuring adherence to the reductions stated in the treaty by these nations may become an immense managerial task, not to mention the enforcement of sanctions. Instead of national emission targets the approach of this paper is to focus on trade within selected industry sectors - i.e. housing and transport - responsible for most of the world's GHG emissions. This paper shows that vehicle manufacturers - the design owners - may use their information advantages to influence customers to focus on other aspects of the vehicle than costs during use. Expanding the environmental responsibility of the design owners to coincide with the area of environmental impacts will convert emissions cost into a production cost. It is indicated in this paper that when applying the estimated costs for GHG emissions to the vehicle user, strong enough incentives are not given to drive technological change, but if the responsibility is allocated to the design owner the very same additional costs will be an incentive for the designer to use its information advantage to innovate away from those emissions-rendering technologies. A value chain stewardship (VCS) is, thus, established.

  • 7.
    Chen, Yuanying
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering. Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Destouni, Georgia
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Goldenberg, Romain
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Prieto, Carmen
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys Geog, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nutrient source attribution: Quantitative typology distinction of active and legacy source contributions to waterborne loads2021In: Hydrological Processes, ISSN 0885-6087, E-ISSN 1099-1085, Vol. 35, no 7, article id e14284Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Distinction between active and legacy sources of nutrients is needed for effective reduction of waterborne nutrient loads and associated eutrophication. This study quantifies main typological differences in nutrient load behaviour versus water discharge for active and legacy sources. This quantitative typology is used for source attribution based on monitoring data for water discharge and concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) from 37 catchments draining into the Baltic Sea along the coastline of Sweden over the period 2003-2013. Results indicate dominant legacy source contributions to the monitored loads of TN and TP in most (33 of the total 37) study catchments. Dominant active sources are indicated in 1 catchment for TN, and mixed sources are indicated in 3 catchments for TN, and 4 catchments for TP. The TN and TP concentration contributions are quantified to be overall higher from the legacy than the active sources. Legacy concentrations also correlate well with key indicators of human activity in the catchments, agricultural land share for TN (R-2 = 0.65) and population density for TP (R-2 = 0.56). Legacy-dominated nutrient concentrations also change more slowly than in catchments with dominant active or mixed sources. Various data-based results and indications converge in indicating legacy source contributions as largely dominant, mainly anthropogenic, and with near-zero average change trends in the present study of catchments draining into the Baltic Sea along the coastline of Sweden, as in other parts of the world. These convergent indications emphasize needs to identify and map the different types of sources in each catchment, and differentiate strategies and measures to target each source type for possible achievement of shorter- and longer-term goals of water quality improvement.

  • 8.
    Cvetkovic, Vladimir D.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    On the significance of hydrodynamic control for radionuclide retention in fractured porous media2004In: Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Processes in Geo-Systems — Fundamentals, Modelling, Experiments and Applications, Elsevier, 2004, no C, p. 507-511Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is demonstrated that the approximate means of quantifying hydrodynamic control of retention is reasonably accurate for low values of the transport resistance on the 100m and 1000m scales; for high values, the approximate expression may significantly underestimate retention. Our results emphasize the need for further development of practical methodologies for quantifying statistical distributions of transport resistance by effectively combining field measurements, numerical simulations and theoretical/analytical considerations.

  • 9. Dabrowska, B.B.
    et al.
    Vithanage, M.
    Kuttuva Rajarao, Gunaratna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Mukherjee, A.B.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Bioremediation of arsenic in contaminated terrestrial and aquatic environments2012In: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, Springer Netherlands , 2012, Vol. 2, p. 475-509Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The name Arsenic is derived from the Greek word arsenikon, meaning potent. This element occurs in the ecosystem in different oxidation states of which As(III) and As(V) are most common to humans, animals, plant species. As is present in drinking water and soil from natural sources as well as a pollutant from agricultural and industrial processes. Differences in arsenic uptake by different plant species is controlled by many factors such as root surface area, root exudates, and rate of evapotranspiration. Some plant species have high affinity to accumulate arsenic in tissues above ground. Hyperaccumulator plants have a threshold arsenic content above 1,000 μg g-1 DM. We review bioremediation studies with especial emphasis on biosorption research on different arsenic species, plants and their biomass, agricultural and industry wastes, as well as the biomass of some fungi species. Bioremediation is considered as an alternative technique for the removal of As in groundwater. One of the popular methods among bioremediation techniques, phytoremediation uses living plants to remove arsenic from the environment or to render it less toxic, in bioaccumulation processes. Phytoremediation techniques often do not take into account the biosorption processes of living plants and plant litter. In biosorption techniques, contaminants can be removed by a biological substrate as a sorbent such as bacteria, fungi, algae or vascular plants. Bioremediation assures in situ treatment of polluted soils. Biosorption characteristics, equilibrium and kinetics of different biosorbents have also been addressed here. Evaluation of the current literature suggests that arsenic bioavailability and molecular level phytoremediation processes in bioremediation are crucial for designing phytoremediation technologies with improved, predictable remedial success.

  • 10.
    Edvardsson Björnberg, Karin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History, Philosophy.
    Röcklinsberg, Helena
    Sandin, Per
    ‘Cornwallism’ and Arguments against Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions2020In: Environmental Values, ISSN 0963-2719, E-ISSN 1752-7015, Vol. 29, no 6, p. 691-711Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Opposition against greenhouse gas emissions reductions is strong among some conservative Christian groups, especially in the United States. In this paper, we identify five scripture-based arguments against greenhouse gas mitigation put forward by a core group of Christian conservatives (‘the Cornwallists’): the anti-paganism argument, the enrichment argument, the omnipotence argument, the lack of moral relevance argument, and the cost-benefit argument. We evaluate to what extent the arguments express positions that can be characterized as climate science denialist and to what degree they are consistent with support for climate adaptation. Using Stefan Rahmstorf’s (2004) taxonomy of climate science denial, we conclude that the Cornwallists could be labelled climate change deniers. However, their opposition is not only based on denial of climate sciencebut often rests on premises that render the science irrelevant, a position we term`relevance denialism Cornwallists could be labelled climate change deniers. However, their opposition is not only based on denial of climate science but often rests on premises that render the science irrelevant, a position we term ‘relevance denialism`´

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  • 11.
    Egeskog, Andrea
    et al.
    Chalmers University, Energy and Environment.
    Barretto, Alberto
    Brazilian Bio-ethanol Science and Technology Laboratory(CTBE).
    Berndes, Göran
    Chalmers University, Energy and Environment.
    Freitas, Flavio L. M.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Holmén, Magnus
    echnology Management and Economics and connected to Center for Business Innovation.
    Sparovek, G.
    Torén, Johan
    SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden.
    Actions and opinions of Brazilian farmers who shift to sugarcane: an interview-based assessment with discussion of implications for land-use change2016In: Land use policy, ISSN 0264-8377, E-ISSN 1873-5754, Vol. 57, p. 594-604Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sugarcane ethanol systems can deliver large greenhouse gas emissions savings if emissions associated with land-use change are kept low. This qualitative study documents and analyzes actions and opinions among Brazilian farmers who shift to sugarcane production. Semi-structured interviews were held with 28 actors associated with sugarcane production in three different regions: one traditional sugarcane region and two regions where sugarcane is currently expanding. Most farmers considered sugarcane a land diversification option with relatively low economic risk, although higher risk than their previous land use. Beef production was considered a low-risk option, but less profitable than sugarcane. In conjunction with converting part of their land to sugarcane, most farmers maintained and further intensified their previous agricultural activity, often beef production. Several farmers invested in expanded production in other regions with relatively low land prices. Very few farmers in the expansion regions shifted all their land from the former, less profitable, use to sugarcane. Very few farmers in this study had deforested any land in connection with changes made when shifting to sugarcane. The respondents understand "environmental friendliness" as compliance with the relevant legislation, especially the Brazilian Forest Act, which is also a requirement for delivering sugarcane to the mills. Indirect land-use change is not a concern for the interviewed farmers, and conversion of forests and other native vegetation into sugarcane plantations is uncontroversial if legal. We derive hypotheses regarding farmers' actions and opinions from our results. These hypotheses aim to contribute to better understanding of what takes place in conjunction with expansion of sugarcane and can, when tested further, be of use in developing, e.g., policies for iLUC-free biofuel production.

  • 12.
    Elnour, Mugahid
    et al.
    Department of Ecotechnology and Sustainable Building Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Haller, Henrik
    Department of Ecotechnology and Sustainable Building Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
    Martin, Michael Alan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering. Division of Life Cycle Management, Department of Sustainable Society, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Life cycle assessment of a retail store aquaponic system in a cold-weather region2022In: Frontiers in Sustainability, E-ISSN 2673-4524, Vol. 3, article id 1051091Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alternative food production technologies are being developed to meet the global increase in population and demand for a more sustainable food supply. Aquaponics, a combined method of vegetable and fish production, is an emerging technology that is widely regarded as sustainable. Yet, there has been limited research on its environmental performance, especially at a commercial scale. In this study, life cycle analysis (LCA) was used to assess the environmental impacts of food produced by an urban commercial aquaponic system located next to a retail store in a cold-weather region (Östersund, Sweden). The functional unit (FU) used is 1 kg of fresh produce, which includes cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The system boundary is set from cradle to farm or retailer's gate due to the proximity of the aquaponic system to the retail store. Results were reported employing eight environmental impact categories, including global warming potential (GWP), marine eutrophication (MEU), and cumulative energy demand (CED). According to contribution analysis, the main hotspots of the system are electricity, CO2 enrichment, and heating. Potential areas to mitigate the impact of these parameters were highlighted in this study, including the establishment of symbiotic links to utilize urban waste and by-products. The impact per vegetable or fish produced was partitioned using energy and economic allocation and compared to other common cultivation methods. The yearly harvest from the aquaponic system was also compared to importing these food items from other European countries which showed lower annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the aquaponic system.

  • 13.
    Ferreira, Carla S.S.
    et al.
    Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Navarino Environmental Observatory, Costa Navarino, Navarino Dunes Messinia, Greece, Navarino Dunes Messinia; Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Coimbra, Portugal.
    Duarte, António C.
    Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Coimbra, Portugal; School of Agriculture/Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal.
    Boulet, Anne K.
    Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Coimbra, Portugal.
    Veiga, Adélcia
    Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Agriculture School, Coimbra, Portugal.
    Maneas, Giorgos
    Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Navarino Environmental Observatory, Costa Navarino, Navarino Dunes Messinia, Greece, Navarino Dunes Messinia.
    Kalantari, Zahra
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering. Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Navarino Environmental Observatory, Costa Navarino, Navarino Dunes Messinia, Greece, Navarino Dunes Messinia.
    Agricultural Land Degradation in Portugal and Greece2023In: Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer Nature , 2023, Vol. 121, p. 105-137Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Agricultural land degradation is a global problem affecting food production and other ecosystem services worldwide such as water regulation. It is driven by unsustainable land use and management practices (e.g. intensive tillage, overuse of agrochemicals) and can be aggravated by future climate change. Land degradation is particularly problematic in arid and semi-arid areas of southern Europe, and distinct soil degradation processes impair agricultural areas in Portugal and Greece. This chapter aims to improve understanding of various degradation processes affecting agricultural land, including soil erosion, compaction, contamination, and salinity and sodicity. It summarises the scientific literature on the current status of these degradation processes in agricultural areas of Portugal and Greece and their main causes and consequences. Moreover, it provides examples of best management practices implemented to mitigate agricultural land degradation. Some degradation processes are relatively well documented (e.g. erosion), while knowledge of the spatial extent of others such as soil compaction is still limited. A better understanding of soil degradation processes and of the counter-impacts of improved agricultural management practices is critical to support decision-making and ensure long-term fertility and productivity, thereby maintaining the sustainability of agriculture.

  • 14. Fiori, Aldo
    et al.
    Zarlenga, Antonio
    Gotovac, Hrvoje
    Jankovic, Igor
    Volpi, Elena
    Cvetkovic, Vladimir
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Dagan, Gedeon
    Reply to comment by S. P. Neuman on "Advective transport in heterogeneous aquifers: Are proxy models predictive?''2016In: Water resources research, ISSN 0043-1397, E-ISSN 1944-7973, Vol. 52, no 7, p. 5703-5704Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this Reply we further comment on the main assumptions and the results of our recent manuscript "Advective transport in heterogeneous aquifers: Are proxy models predictive?''

  • 15.
    Galli, Ester
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Peipke, Erica
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Wennersten, Ronald
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    When the traditional meets the modern: The sustainability of the artisanal fishing in Guanabara Bay, Brazil2007In: International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development (IJESD), ISSN 1474-6778, E-ISSN 1478-7466, Vol. 6, no 4, p. 373-388Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The industrial development that has contributed to economic prosperity and advancement of standard of living has also brought new risks to people's every day lives and to the environment. This fact has been evident in the multiple uses of environmentally sensitive ecosystems, often resulting in conflicts among the users. This trend is especially apparent in countries like Brazil, where the issues of security, sustainability and equity are incipient and far from solved. This paper seeks to illustrate how the industrial development has impacted the traditional populations and created conflicts. It has been conducted in Guanabara Bay and focuses on current conflicts between industrial and artisanal fisheries. The understanding of the parties' positions in the conflicts was accomplished through frame analysis. The results of this study show that the artisanal fishermen are in a disadvantageous position in the conflicts. Possible facts influencing this position were analysed.

  • 16. Grahn Danielson, Benjamin
    et al.
    Rönn, Magnus
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Swedberg, Stig
    Styrmedel och kompensationsåtgärder inom kulturmiljöområdet: Sammanfattning och slutsatser av FoU-projekt2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Projektet Styrmedel och kompensationsåtgärder inom kulturmiljöområdet har genomförts av Kulturlandskapet i Fjällbacka i samarbete med KTH/A, GU samt SLU och med bidrag från Riksantikvarieämbetets FoU-anslag. Projektet har bestått av tre delar. En första del utgjordes av en faktagenomgång som omfattade begreppsanalys och juridisk analys, vilka tillämpades i fyra fallstudier. Del två utgjordes av testbäddar/workshoppar där begrepp, analysmodellen och fallstudierna låg till grund för vidare diskussioner och analyser. Slutligen har en konferens arrangerats där resultaten från projektet presenterats och diskuterats.  På konferensen presenterades också flera exempel på kommunal planering som inbegriper kompensation av kulturmiljövärden.

     

    I föreliggande rapport sammanfattas resultaten från dessa tre delar. Projektets slutsatser baserade på erfarenheter från fallstudier, workshoppar och konferens är att:

     

    •   Det saknas professionell och rättslig praxis för arbete med kompensation vid påverkan på kulturmiljöer.

    •   I kommunal planering har former för kompensation utvecklats genom olika typer av avtalslösningar.

    •   Vissa av dessa kommunala praktiker går längre än lagstiftningen och arbetar med balansering som princip.

    •   Kompensationsåtgärder behöver ges en tydligare koppling mellan värde/betydelse och själva åtgärden.

    •   Kvalitativa värden, som kulturmiljövärden, behöver behandlas tidigt i en planprocess, så att en prissättning av hänsynskrav och eventuella kompensationskrav kan ske på ett jämställt sätt.

    •   Transparensen i planprocessen behöver förstärkas.

    •   Gällande juridiska styrmedel fungerar dåligt och behöver justeras.

    •   Landskapskonventionen behöver implementeras i svensk lagstiftning.

    •   Utifrån detta utkristalliseras ett antal kunskapsbehov och behov av lagändringar:

    -   Erfarenheter från kommunala praktiker behöver studeras och utvecklas till en gemensam grund.

    -   Råd och beskrivning av processen för kompensation i planer och projekt.

    -   Utbildning i de juridiska förutsättningarna för kompensationskrav.

    -   Utveckling av de nationella målen avseende kulturmiljö och landskap.

    -   Förändrad lagstiftning behövs avseende möjlighet till kompensation enligt plan och bygglagen.

    -   Balansering bör tillämpas som grundläggande princip för miljölagstiftningen.

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  • 17.
    Hansson, Sven Ove
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History of Technology, Philosophy.
    Joelsson, Karin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History of Technology, Philosophy.
    Crop Biotechnology for the Environment?2013In: Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, ISSN 1187-7863, E-ISSN 1573-322X, Vol. 26, no 4, p. 759-770Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In public debates, agricultural biotechnology is almost invariably discussed as a potential threat to the environment and to human health. Without downplaying the risks associated with this technology we emphasize that if properly regulated, it can be a forceful tool to solve environmental problems and promote human health. Agricultural biotechnology can reduce environmental problems in at least three ways: it can diminish the need for environmentally damaging agricultural practices such as pesticides, fertilizers, tillage, and irrigation. It can reduce the land area needed for agriculture, thus reducing the CO2 effect of agriculture and improving biodiversity. It can produce energy in a CO2-neutral way (especially if new technologies involving the cultivation of microalgae become successful). Furthermore, agricultural biotechnology can have positive effects on human health by decreasing occupational and dietary exposure to pesticides, improving the nutritional value of food, and producing pharmaceuticals more efficiently. We argue that those who wish to give high priority to environmental goals cannot afford any longer to be mere onlookers while others decide the future directions of agricultural biotechnology.

  • 18.
    Hendriks, G.
    et al.
    Toxys, Leiden, Netherlands..
    McCarrick, S.
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Cappellini, F.
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Derr, R.
    Toxys, Leiden, Netherlands..
    Hedberg, Jonas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Odnevall Wallinder, Inger
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Karlsson, H. L.
    Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Stockholm, Sweden..
    The ToxTracker assay as a tool for mechanism-based (geno) toxicity screening of nanoparticles and read across2018In: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, ISSN 0893-6692, E-ISSN 1098-2280, Vol. 59, p. 77-77Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 19. Henryson, K.
    et al.
    Sundberg, Cecilia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Energy and Technology, Sweden.
    Kätterer, T.
    Hansson, P. -A
    Accounting for long-term soil fertility effects when assessing the climate impact of crop cultivation2018In: Agricultural Systems, ISSN 0308-521X, E-ISSN 1873-2267, Vol. 164, p. 185-192Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics influence the climate impact of crop cultivation, both through affecting net carbon exchange between the soil and the atmosphere and through affecting soil fertility. Higher soil fertility can enhance yield, and consequently make more plant residues available for carbon sequestration in the soil. This feedback mechanism between SOC and yield is commonly not included when assessing the environmental impact of crop production using system analysis tools like life cycle assessment (LCA). Therefore, this study developed a modelling framework where the SOC-yield feedback mechanism is included in climate impact assessment of crop cultivation, and which could be applied in LCAs. The framework was constructed by combining a model for SOC dynamics, yield response to SOC changes in a Swedish long-term field experiment and climate impact assessment. The framework employs a dynamic approach, with a time-distributed emissions inventory and a time-dependent climate impact assessment model, complemented by the most common climate metric, global warming potential (GWP). A case study applying the framework to barley cultivation was performed to explore the quantitative effect of including the feedback mechanism on the calculated climate impact. The case study involved simulating a fertiliser-induced 10% yield increase during one year and assessing the climate impact over 100 years. The effect of solely including SOC dynamics without the yield response to SOC decreased climate impact per kg barley by about three-fold more than only accounting for the 10% temporary yield increase. When the feedback mechanism was included, the estimated climate impact decreased five-fold more than when SOC changes were not included. These results show that SOC changes affect the climate impact of cultivation, not only through affecting net CO2 exchanges between soil and atmosphere, as previously acknowledged by other studies, but also through changing the system performance. The quantitative results obtained in this study show that this could be an important aspect to include in order to avoid introducing systematic error when assessing the long-term climate impact of crop management changes that affect yield or SOC dynamics.

  • 20.
    Hermann, Sebastian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Howells, Mark
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Welsch, Manuel
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Rogner, Hans Holger
    Steduto, Pasquale
    Gielen, Dolf
    Roehrl, Alexander
    Bazilian, Morgan
    Sustainable Energy for All - What does it mean for Water and Food Security: Seeking sustainable development CLEWS: Climate-change, Land-use, Energy and Water (CLEW) Strategies2011Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    This background note serves to inform the “hot topic” session entitled ‘Sustainable Energy for All – What does it mean for Water and Food Security?’.Energy is vital for human development. This is why the United Nations proclaimed 2012 as the ‘International Year of Sustainable Energy for All’. The goal is to ensure universal access to modern energy services by 2030. Today’s energy production, however, is already putting prohibitive strain on the global environment. In support of worldwide efforts to render energy systems sustainable, the UN has therefore called for two additional targets: to double the rate of improvements in energy efficiency and the share of renewable energy.Besides energy, also food and water need to be universally provided to ensure human wellbeing and enable socio-economic development. Each of these targets is indispensable to improve people’s livelihoods and is a formidable challenge by itself. But taken together, they become an even more daunting task since they interfere with each other – while today human activities are already exceeding planetary limits.The simultaneous expansion of energy, food and water requires a coherent approach based on integrated planning across these sectors. The management in each resource area is often done in isolation - with unforeseen and damaging consequences manifested in related systems. As a starting point, we focus on energy and consequently discuss Energy-Water-Food nexus relations. The beginnings of a ‘framework’ are presented that is useful to conceptualize these interrelations, and then applied to a preliminary case study. In that case study, integrated measures are considered as a means to improve the energy security of a climate-change-vulnerable small island developing state (SIDS). The case study assesses CLEW (Climate, Land-use, Energy and Water) strategies in an integrated manner, and was undertaken by organizations contributing to this special session.

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    NexusConference_CLEW
  • 21.
    Hermann, Sebastian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Rogner, Hans Holger
    Howells, Mark
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Young, Charles
    Fischer, Guenther
    Welsch, Manuel
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    In The CLEW Model – Developing an integrated tool for modelling the interrelated effects of Climate, Land use, Energy, and Water (CLEW)2011In: 6th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems - Proceedings, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper introduces the prototype of new tool which analyses the Climate-, Land-, Energy- and Water- (CLEW) re-sources and their interactions and implications associated with socio-economic development. The presented CLEW model focuses specifically on the analysis of different energy (technology) options and their impact on other resources – e.g. their contribution to climate change, land use change, and water consumption.The CLEW model systematically quantifies trade-offs associated with actions aimed at meeting development goals (specifically energy, food, and water supply) and their impact on the climate, water and environment. The model quantifies resource use with calculations based on collected data, assumptions and user-defined scenarios. Importantly, the model is not limited to internal or national effects but also includes external changes induced through energy imports or exports and land use change. Exemplary, a first preliminary modelling exercise for the island of Mauritius has shown very strong implications on GHG emissions when switching to locally produced biofuels (bio-ethanol) through induced land-use changes and is presented in the second part of this paper.

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    CLEW_SDEWES
  • 22.
    Hermann, Sebastian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Welsch, Manuel
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Segerström, Rebecka
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Howells, Mark I.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Young, Charles
    Alfstad, Thomas
    Rogner, Hans-Holger
    Steduto, Pasquale
    Climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) interlinkages in Burkina Faso: An analysis of agricultural intensification and bioenergy production2012In: Natural resources forum (Print), ISSN 0165-0203, E-ISSN 1477-8947, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 245-262Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper discusses climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) interactions in Burkina Faso. It shows that integrated assessments of resource use at the national level can provide important insights and benefits, especially for a resource constrained least developed country. Agricultural policy is shown to have strong implications for energy use, whereas energy policies are found to be strongly interrelated with water constraints. Without an integrated and coordinated approach, strategy and policy formulation efforts to increase energy, food and water security could become both incoherent and counter-productive.

  • 23. Jaime Gomez-Hernandez, J.
    et al.
    Butler, James. J.
    Fiori, Aldo
    Bolster, Diogo
    Cvetkovic, Vladimir
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Dagan, Gedeon
    Hyndman, David
    Introduction to special section on Modeling highly heterogeneous aquifers: Lessons learned in the last 30 years from the MADE experiments and others INTRODUCTION2017In: Water resources research, ISSN 0043-1397, E-ISSN 1944-7973, Vol. 53, no 4, p. 2581-2584Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 24. Joffre, Thomas
    et al.
    Segerholm, Kristoffer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Materials.
    Persson, Cecilia
    Bardage, Stig L.
    Hendriks, Cris L. Luengo
    Isaksson, Per
    Characterization of interfacial stress transfer ability in acetylation-treated wood fibre composites using, X-ray microtomography2017In: INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS, ISSN 0926-6690, Vol. 95, p. 43-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The properties of the fibre/matrix interface contribute to stiffness, strength and fracture behaviour of fibre-reinforced composites. In cellulosic composites, the limited affinity between the hydrophilic fibres and the hydrophobic thermoplastic matrix remains a challenge, and the reinforcing capability of the fibres is hence not fully utilized. A direct characterisation of the stress transfer ability through pull-out tests on single fibres is extremely cumbersome due to the small dimension of the wood fibres. Here a novel approach is proposed: the length distribution of the fibres sticking out of the matrix at the fracture surface is approximated using X-ray microtomography and is used as an estimate of the adhesion between the fibres and the matrix. When a crack grows in the material, the fibres will either break or be pulled-out of the matrix depending on their adhesion to the matrix: good adhesion between the fibres and the matrix should result in more fibre breakage and less pull-out of the fibres than poor adhesion. The effect of acetylation on the adhesion between the wood fibres and the PLA matrix was evaluated at different moisture contents using the proposed method. By using an acetylation treatment of the fibres it was possible to improve the strength of the composite samples soaked in the water by more than 30%.

  • 25.
    Juma, Benard
    et al.
    Tech Univ Kenya, Dept Geosci & Environm, Nairobi, Kenya.;Tech Univ Kenya, Ctr Integrated Water Resource Management, Nairobi, Kenya.;Tech Univ Kenya, Dept Civil Engn, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Olang, Luke O.
    Tech Univ Kenya, Dept Biosyst & Environm Engn, Nairobi, Kenya.;Tech Univ Kenya, Ctr Integrated Water Resource Management, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Hassan, Mohammed A.
    Tech Univ Kenya, Dept Biosyst & Environm Engn, Nairobi, Kenya.;Tech Univ Kenya, Ctr Integrated Water Resource Management, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Mulligan, Joe
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies. Kounkuey Design Initiat KDI, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Shiundu, Paul M.
    Tech Univ Kenya, Ctr Integrated Water Resource Management, Nairobi, Kenya.;Tech Univ Kenya, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Nairobi, Kenya..
    Simulation of flood peak discharges and volumes for flood risk management in the ungauged urban informal settlement of Kibera, Kenya2022In: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, ISSN 1474-7065, E-ISSN 1873-5193, Vol. 128, article id 103236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In spite of the increasing extremity and adverse consequences of urban floods under climate change, flood characteristics in most developing countries are still largely unknown due to lack of continuous monitoring. This portentous uncertainty stances high flood risk, especially to a majority low-income urban population inhabiting the flood-prone informal settlements. Physically-based hydrologic models, whose parameters are derivable from catchment features, are often used for hydrological analysis in the ungauged regions. In this study, the Hydro-logic Engineering Centre's-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) was used for rainfall-runoff simulation in the upper Ngong River Basin of Kenya, draining into the Kibera informal settlement, for purposes of estimating flood peak discharges (FPDs) and direct runoff volumes (DRVs), often required for flood risk management. The Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN), SCS-Unit Hydrograph (SCS-UH) and Muskingum models were used for hydrological simulation from four (4) observed and fifty-four (54) hypothetical extreme rainfalls. The results obtained indicated that a 50 mm rainfall event with a duration of 2.5 h has the potential of producing FPD and DRV of about 90m3s-1 and 1.17 x 106m3 respectively at the Ngong River confluence at Sokomoko in Kibera. On the other hand, the non-intermittent 100-year storm event of about 172 mm in depth, occurring over a period of about 4 h, potentially generated FPD of about 460m3s-1 and DRV of about 4.89 x 106m3, portending calamitous impacts in the basin. These results can offer preliminary information on potential flood character-istics, that can be used as a baseline to support local-level flood risk mitigation measures in the ungauged Ngong River Basin.

  • 26.
    Karlsson, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History, Philosophy.
    Edvardsson Björnberg, Karin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History, Philosophy.
    Ethics and biodiversity offsetting2020In: Conservation Biology, ISSN 0888-8892, E-ISSN 1523-1739Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Biodiversity offsetting is an increasingly applied tool aiming to compensate for environmental damage caused by exploitation projects. Critics, however, raise concerns over the purported effectiveness of offsetting and question the ethical underpinnings and implications of offsetting. These ethical dimensions have largely been overlooked in research, which may lead to offsetting systems that fail to respect the values intended to be safeguarded. To address these dimensions, 5 ethical objections in the scientific literature were identified: offsetting violates nature's intrinsic value; losses of nature cannot be compensated for by human interventions; too little is known to make adequate trades; offsetting impedes virtuous dispositions toward nature; and offsetting has negative justice implications. We examined these objections and arguments against them based on the ethical concepts of intrinsic and instrumental values, anthropocentrism, nonanthropocentrism, and deontological, consequentialist, and virtue-ethical paradigms. Both nonanthropocentric and anthropocentric concerns were expressed in deontological, consequential, and virtue-ethical framings. Objections mostly had a deontological or virtue-ethical basis, whereas counterarguments were based on consequential reasoning, but common ground in practice is often conceivable. Based on our findings, we formulated 10 recommendations for policy makers and 5 questions for practitioners to consider. We propose, for example, that policy makers clarify aims, legislate on no-go areas, and govern the use of multipliers. We suggest that practitioners consider, for instance, how to improve case-specific knowledge and promote learning and stakeholder engagement. We hope these recommendations and questions will encourage further discussion of the ethics of biodiversity offsets and ultimately strengthen the respect for biodiversity and human-welfare values at stake in offsetting projects.

  • 27.
    Kirschbaum, Miko U.F.
    et al.
    Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
    Cowie, Annette L.
    NSW Department of Primary Industries/University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
    Peñuelas, Josep
    CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
    Smith, Pete
    Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK.
    Conant, Richard T.
    Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.
    Sage, Rowan F.
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
    Brandão, Miguel
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Sustainability Assessment and Management.
    Cotrufo, M. Francesca
    Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
    Luo, Yiqi
    School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
    Way, Danielle A.
    Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
    Robinson, Sharon A.
    Securing Antarctica'’s Environmental Future & Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.
    Is tree planting an effective strategy for climate change mitigation?2024In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 909, article id 168479Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The world's forests store large amounts of carbon (C), and growing forests can reduce atmospheric CO2 by storing C in their biomass. This has provided the impetus for world-wide tree planting initiatives to offset fossil-fuel emissions. However, forests interact with their environment in complex and multifaceted ways that must be considered for a balanced assessment of the value of planting trees. First, one needs to consider the potential reversibility of C sequestration in trees through either harvesting or tree death from natural factors. If carbon storage is only temporary, future temperatures will actually be higher than without tree plantings, but cumulative warming will be reduced, contributing both positively and negatively to future climate-change impacts. Alternatively, forests could be used for bioenergy or wood products to replace fossil-fuel use which would obviate the need to consider the possible reversibility of any benefits. Forests also affect the Earth's energy balance through either absorbing or reflecting incoming solar radiation. As forests generally absorb more incoming radiation than bare ground or grasslands, this constitutes an important warming effect that substantially reduces the benefit of C storage, especially in snow-covered regions. Forests also affect other local ecosystem services, such as conserving biodiversity, modifying water and nutrient cycles, and preventing erosion that could be either beneficial or harmful depending on specific circumstances. Considering all these factors, tree plantings may be beneficial or detrimental for mitigating climate-change impacts, but the range of possibilities makes generalisations difficult. Their net benefit depends on many factors that differ between specific circumstances. One can, therefore, neither uncritically endorse tree planting everywhere, nor condemn it as counter-productive. Our aim is to provide key information to enable appropriate assessments to be made under specific circumstances. We conclude our discussion by providing a step-by-step guide for assessing the merit of tree plantings under specific circumstances.

  • 28. Lauberts, Maris
    et al.
    Sevastyanova, Olena
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Ponomarenko, Jevgenija
    Dizhbite, Tatjana
    Dobele, Galina
    Volperts, Alexandr
    Lauberte, Liga
    Telysheva, Galina
    Fractionation of technical lignin with ionic liquids as a method for improving purity and antioxidant activity2017In: INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS, ISSN 0926-6690, Vol. 95, p. 512-520Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alder soda lignin, a by-product of the chemical processing of black alder wood, was fractionated using ionic liquids (ILs) based on the 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium [Bmim] cation and the following anions: chloride ([Bmim]Cl), dimethylphosphate ([Bmim]Me2PO4), acetate ([Brhim]OAc) and tosylate ([Bmim]OTs). The aim was to obtain lignin fractions of improved purity for further application as antioxidants. The purity and properties of the IL lignin fractions were compared with those of other lignin fractions obtained using sequential extraction with organic solvents. The original lignin and the lignin fractions were characterized by analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS/FID), size-permeation chromatography (GPC), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and wet chemistry methods. The lignin treatment with [Bmim]DMP, [Bmim]OAc and [Bmim]OTs produced fractions with a lignin content of 98-99%. These fractions along with the n-propanol and methanol fractions obtained using sequential organic solvent extraction were enriched with certain structural features that had a positive impact on lignin antioxidant activity, according to the results from DPPH center dot and ORAC assays.

  • 29.
    Lukasiewicz, Anna
    et al.
    Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Dovers, Stephen
    Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia..
    Robin, Libby
    KTH. Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Canberra, ACT, Australia.;KTH Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.;Natl Museum Australia, Acton, Australia..
    Mckay, Jennifer
    Univ South Australia, Business Law, Adelaide, SA, Australia.;Univ Lincoln, Environm & Water Resources Law, Lincoln, England..
    Schilizzi, Steven G. M.
    Univ Western Australia, Sch Agr & Resource Econ, Nedlands, WA, Australia..
    Graham, Sonia
    Univ New South Wales, Sch Social Sci, Social Res & Policy, Sydney, NSW, Australia..
    Current status and future prospects for justice research in environmental management2017In: NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE: AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVES / [ed] Lukasiewicz, A Dovers, S Robin, L McKay, J Schilizzi, S Graham, S, CSIRO PUBLISHING , 2017, p. 263-266Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 30.
    Ma, Shengyuan
    et al.
    Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Architecture, Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement En, Minist Ind & Informat Technol, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China..
    Liu, Wei
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sustainable Buildings.
    Meng, Chong
    China Acad Bldg Res, Inst Sci & Technol Res & Dev, 30 Beisanhuandonglu, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China..
    Dong, Jiankai
    Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Architecture, Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement En, Minist Ind & Informat Technol, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China..
    Zhang, Shi
    Harbin Inst Technol, Sch Architecture, Key Lab Cold Reg Urban & Rural Human Settlement En, Minist Ind & Informat Technol, Harbin 150090, Peoples R China..
    Temperature-dependent particle mass emission rate during heating of edible oils and their regression models2023In: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 323, article id 121221Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Particulate matter emitted by heated cooking oil is hazardous to human health. To develop effective mitigation strategies, it is critical to know the amount of the emitted particles. The purpose of this research is to estimate the temperature-dependent particle mass emission rates of edible oils and to develop models for source strength based on the multiple linear regression method. First, this study examined seven commonly used oils by heating experiments. The emission rates of PM2.5 and PM10 were measured, and the effects of parameters such as oil volume and surface area on the emission rates were also analysed. Following that, the starting smoke points (Ts') and aggravating smoke points (Tss') of tested oils were determined. The results showed that oils with lower smoke points had greater emission rates. Notably, the experiments performed observed that peanut, rice, rapeseed and olive oil generated PM2.5 much faster at 240 degrees C (2.22, 1.50, 0.82 and 0.80 mg/s, respectively, at the highest emission conditions) than that of sunflower, soybean, and corn oil (0.15, 0.12 and 0.11 mg/s, respectively). The temperature, volume, and surface area of oils all had a significant impact on the particle mass emission rate, with oil temperature being the most influential. The regression models obtained were statistically significant (P < 0.001), with the majority of R2 values greater than 0.85. Using sunflower, soybean and corn oils, which have higher smoke points and lower emission rates, and smaller pans for cooking is therefore recom-mended based on our research findings.

  • 31.
    Morén, Ida
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Resources, Energy and Infrastructure.
    The influence of multiscale hyporheic flow on solute transport: Implications for stream restoration enhancing nitrogen removal2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Stream water that flows into and out of streambeds is called hyporheic exchange flow (HEF).It continuously interacts with groundwater and thereby affect the water quality of local streamreaches as well as downstream recipients by providing an environment where solutes andenergy can be retained and degraded. Because of anthropogenic activities, many streams andrivers have been physically, chemically and biologically degraded during the last centuries andnatural functions, such as HEF, have to some extent been lost. The general aim of this thesiswas to advance the understanding of the physical controls of HEF in small streams and toinvestigate how HEF influences solute reactive transport in streambeds and surface waternetworks before and after stream restoration. To reach the aim, the consistency and deviationbetween HEF parameters evaluated with two common approaches were investigated in tendifferent alluvial streams with low discharge, shallow depth and moderate slope. The twoapproaches were: 1) developing and using a deductive hydro-mechanical model to assessed therelationship between the multiscale streambed geomorphology and the reach scale averageHEF parameters, and 2) evaluating HEF parameters from in-stream tracer tests using a 1Dlongitudinal transport model. The relatively high consistency between the approaches connectstheories that previously have been relatively fragmented and provides a tool for upscaling(parameterizing) of HEF in solute transport models over stream networks based onindependent observations of stream topography, streambed sediment properties and in-streamhydraulics. Applying the modelling framework at the network scale and supporting it withcomprehensive datasets provided information regarding physical mechanisms and spatialvariability of HEF as well as its influence on longitudinal solute transport. Specifically, thefractal properties of the water surface profile were shown to represent the average HEF velocitywell. Furthermore, hydraulic head variations over shorter wavelengths (0.1-5 m) were found todrive the main part of the HEF and the static hydraulic head variations dominated over dynamichydraulic head variations as drivers of HEF in all investigated streams. Moreover, this thesishighlights the importance of the hyporheic zone as a bio-chemical and mechanical filter forstream water. It shows that common engineered stream restorations can influence HEF andimprove the water quality in local stream reaches as well as downstream recipients. Specifically,the thesis presents exact solutions to the nitrogen transport, which shows that the mass removalof nitrogen in the hyporheic zone is either transport or reaction limited and that the maximalremoval rate corresponds to an optimal hyporheic residence time and a typical denitrificationDamköhler number. The results also show that potential exists to reduce the agriculturalnitrogen load to the Baltic Sea by stream restorations that optimize the hyporheic residencetimes. However, the large spatiotemporal variability in the potential between reaches stressesthe importance for further studies on which processes that are driving HEF under specifichydromorphologic conditions and careful design of stream restoration measures at each localstream reach.

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    Thesis_Summary
  • 32. Ostberg, Katarina
    et al.
    Håkansson, Cecilia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Environmental Strategies.
    Hasselström, Linus
    Bostedt, Göran
    Benefit Transfer for Environmental Improvements in Coastal Areas: General versus Best-Fitting Models2013In: Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-Revue Canadienne D'Agroeconomie, ISSN 0008-3976, E-ISSN 1744-7976, Vol. 61, no 2, p. 239-258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recognizing the important policy task of securing the benefits from marine coastal waters subject to time and funding constraints has increased interest in benefit transfer (BT). However, many of the advances in BT recommended by researchers would be too costly to implement. This paper presents two choice experiment (CE) studies on marine areas in Sweden where respondents from local and distant populations were surveyed. BT for attributes relevant to the European Union's Water Framework Directive and the implementation of special consideration zones in marine areas were evaluated by equivalence tests. A comparison of the performance between a general BT model including only easily available socio-economic information and a statistically best-fitting model that requires the collection of more detailed information shows very similar results. Using a general model saves money and time since the information needed can be easily obtained from public databases and it does not lead to any significant reductions in accuracy or reliability. The issue of including socio-economic information in CE modeling for BT is important, since the model specification will determine the type of information that must be collected at the policy site; however, the results are inconclusive as to whether it improves BT or not. La reconnaissance de l'importante tache politique visant a proteger les avantages tires des eaux marines cotieres, exposee a des contraintes de temps et de financement, suscite un interet accru pour le transfert d'avantages (TA). Toutefois, la mise en OEuvre d'un bon nombre des percees en matiere de TA recommandees par les chercheurs serait trop couteuse. Dans le present article, nous presentons deux etudes sur des zones marines de la Suede realisees selon la methode des choix multi-attributs et auxquelles ont participe des repondants provenant de populations locales et eloignees. Le TA dans le cas d'attributs figurant dans la Directive-cadre sur l'eau de l'Union europeenne et la determination de zones necessitant une prise en compte particuliere au sein des zones marines ont ete evalues a l'aide de tests d'equivalence. Une comparaison de la performance du modele de TA << general >>, qui comprend uniquement des donnees socio-economiques facilement obtenables, et de celle du modele de TA << optimal >>, qui comprend une collecte de donnees detaillees, montre des resultats tres similaires. L'utilisation du modele general permet d'economiser du temps et de l'argent puisque l'information requise est facilement accessible dans les bases de donnees publiques, sans diminution significative de la precision ou de la fiabilite. La question d'inclure des donnees socio-economiques dans le modele de choix multi-attributs pour le TA est importante puisque que la specification du modele determinera le type de donnees qu'il faut collecter sur l'endroit vise par la politique. Toutefois, les resultats ne permettent pas d'indiquer si le TA est ameliore ou non.

  • 33.
    Oster, Michael
    et al.
    Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN).
    Reyer, Henry
    Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN).
    Ball, Elizabeth
    Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI).
    Fornara, Dario
    Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI).
    McKillen, John
    Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI).
    Sørensen, Kristina Ulrich
    Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University.
    Poulsen, Hanne Damgaard
    Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University.
    Andersson, Kim
    Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI).
    Ddiba, Daniel Isaac Waya
    Stockholm Environment Institute.
    Rosemarin, Arno
    Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI).
    Arata, Linda
    Dipartimento di Economia agro-alimentare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.
    Sckokai, Paolo
    Dipartimento di Economia agro-alimentare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore.
    Magowan, Elizabeth
    Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI).
    Wimmers, Klaus
    Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock.
    Bridging gaps in the agricultural phosphorus cycle from an animal husbandry perspective: The case of pigs and poultry2018In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 10, no 6, article id 1829Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Since phosphorus (P) is an essential element for life, its usage and application across agricultural production systems requires great attention. Monogastric species such as pigs and poultry can significantly contribute to global food security but these animals remain highly dependent on the supply of mineral inorganic P in their feeds. Pig and poultry, which represent 70% of the global meat production, are also major P excretors and thus represent important sources of environmental P inputs. Balancing the P cycle within farming systems is crucial to achieve P sustainable and resilient livestock production. Therefore, the interconnection of animal feed, livestock farming, manure, and soil/aquatic ecosystems requires multidisciplinary approaches to improve P management. With regard to a sustainable agricultural P cycle, this study addresses aspects of feeding strategies and animal physiology (e.g., phase feeding, P conditioning, liquid feeding, phytase supplementation, genetics), soil agroecosystems (e.g., P cycling, P losses, P gains), reuse and recycling (e.g., manure, slaughter waste), measures of farmers' economic performance (e.g., bio-economic models), and P governance/policy instruments (e.g., P quota, P tax). To reconcile the economic and ecological sustainability of animal husbandry, the strategic objective of future research will be to provide solutions for a sufficient supply of high-quality animal products from resource-efficient and economically competitive agro-systems which are valued by society and preserve soil and aquatic ecosystems.

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    Oster et al 2018
  • 34.
    Palmberg, Robin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.
    Susilo, Y. O.
    Gidofalvi, Gyözö
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geoinformatics.
    Naqavi, Fatemeh
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Transport and Systems Analysis.
    Nybacka, Mikael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics.
    Towards a better understanding of the health impacts of one’s movement in space and time2022In: Journal of Literature and Science, E-ISSN 1754-646X, p. 1-24Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To better understand the interactions between physical built environment conditions and one’s well-being, we created a passive data collector for travellers and made the first step towards an explanatory model based on psychophysiological relations. By measuring biometric information from select trial participants we showed how different controlled factors are affecting the heart rate of the participants. A regression model with the impact factors such as speed, location, time and activity (accelerometer data) reveals how the factors relate to each other and how they correlate with the recorded individual’s heart rates throughout the observed period. For examples, the results show that the increase in movement speed is not linearly correlated with the heart rate. One’s heart rate would increase significantly when the individual reaches brisk walking and running speed, but not before nor after. Early morning and early evening time slots were the time where the observed individuals have the highest heart rates, which may correlate to individuals’ commute activities. Heart rates at the office would be lower than at home, which might correlate to more physical activities in the household. 

  • 35.
    Pelet, Jean-Eric
    et al.
    ESCE Int Business Sch, Dept Mkt, Paris, France..
    Lecat, Benoit
    Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Wine & Viticulture, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA..
    Khan, Jashim
    Univ Surrey, Dept Mkt & Retail Management, Guildford, Surrey, England..
    Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn
    Griffith Univ, Dept Mkt, Nathan, Qld, Australia..
    Lee, Linda W.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
    Vigar-Ellis, Debbie
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Marketing and Entrepreneurship. Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Management IT & Governance, Scottsville, South Africa..
    Wolf, Marianne McGarry
    Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Wine & Viticulture, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA..
    Kavoura, Androniki
    Technol Educ Inst Athens, Dept Mkt, Athens, Greece..
    Katsoni, Vicky
    Technol Educ Inst Athens, Dept Mkt, Athens, Greece..
    Wegmann, Anne Lena
    Weincampus Neustadt, Dept Mkt, Neustadt, Germany.;Ludwigshafen Univ Appl Sci, Ludwigshafen, Germany..
    Winery website loyalty: the role of sales promotion and service attributes2018In: International Journal of Wine Business Research, ISSN 1751-1062, E-ISSN 1751-1070, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 138-152Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between feelings toward buying wine on mobile phones and m-commerce website loyalty by examining the mediating role of sales promotion and the moderating role of service attributes of the m-commerce websites in influencing the mediation. Design/methodology/approach A total of 3,318 completed surveys were collected. Drawing on a large non-probability criterion-based purposive sample across six countries (France, Germany, Greece, South Africa, USA and Canada), mediation analysis was performed to examine the hypothesized relationships. Findings Results show that sales promotion mediates the relationship between feelings toward buying wine on mobile phones and m-commerce website loyalty. Moderated mediation reveals that the indirect pathways (sales promotion) through which feelings toward buying wine over mobile exert its effect on m-commerce website loyalty are dependent on the value of service (wine delivery) attributes of the website. The results demonstrate that sales promotion and service are of paramount importance to wineries and wine marketers. Research limitations/implications Wine producers and retailers should consider the use of sales promotion to enhance sales and loyalty to m-commerce websites. Practical implications Wine producers and retailers should consider use sales promotion (such as SMS or push notifications) to enhance sales and influence consumer feelings and hence their loyalty. Originality/value Wine m-commerce studies are limited, especially with an international perspective comparing six different countries: three from the old world (France, Germany and Greece) and three from the new world (North America with USA and Canada; and South Africa). Altogether, these six countries represent around 40 per cent of the world's wine consumption.

  • 36.
    Riml, Joakim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Resources, Energy and Infrastructure.
    Morén, Ida
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Resources, Energy and Infrastructure.
    Wörman, Anders
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Resources, Energy and Infrastructure.
    Potential of stream restorations to enhance the hyporheic removal of agricultural nitrogen in Sweden.Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Robin, Libby
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History of Technology, History of Science and Technology.
    Seeds of Empire: The Environmental Transformation of New Zealand2013In: Agricultural History, ISSN 0002-1482, E-ISSN 1533-8290, Vol. 87, no 2, p. 249-250Article, book review (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Roos, Elin
    et al.
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Energy & Technol, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Mie, Axel
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Clin Sci & Educ, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Wivstad, Maria
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, EPOK Ctr Organ Food & Farming, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Salomon, Eva
    Swedish Inst Agr & Environm Engn, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Johansson, Birgitta
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Environm & Hlth, Skara, Sweden..
    Gunnarsson, Stefan
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Environm & Hlth, Skara, Sweden..
    Wallenbeck, Anna
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Environm & Hlth, Skara, Sweden.;Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Hoffmann, Ruben
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Econ, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Nilsson, Ulf
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Sundberg, Cecilia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Watson, Christine A.
    Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Crop Prod Ecol, Uppsala, Sweden.;Scotlands Rural Coll, SLU & Crop & Soil Syst Res Grp, Aberdeen, Scotland..
    Risks and opportunities of increasing yields in organic farming. A review2018In: Agronomy for Sustainable Development, ISSN 1774-0746, E-ISSN 1773-0155, Vol. 38, no 2, article id 14Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Current organic agriculture performs well in several sustainability domains, like animal welfare, farm profitability and low pesticide use, but yields are commonly lower than in conventional farming. There is now a re-vitalized interest in increasing yields in organic agriculture to provide more organic food for a growing, more affluent population and reduce negative impacts per unit produced. However, past yield increases have been accompanied by several negative side-effects. Here, we review risks and opportunities related to a broad range of sustainability domains associated with increasing yields in organic agriculture in the Northern European context. We identify increased N input, weed, disease and pest control, improved livestock feeding, breeding for higher yields and reduced losses as the main measures for yield increases. We review the implications of their implementation for biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient losses, soil fertility, animal health and welfare, human nutrition and health and farm profitability. Our findings from this first-of-its-kind integrated analysis reveal which strategies for increasing yields are unlikely to produce negative side-effects and therefore should be a high priority, and which strategies need to be implemented with great attention to trade-offs. For example, increased N inputs in cropping carry many risks and few opportunities, whereas there are many risk-free opportunities for improved pest control through the management of ecosystem services. For most yield increasing strategies, both risks and opportunities arise, and the actual effect depends on management including active mitigation of side-effects. Our review shows that, to be a driving force for increased food system sustainability, organic agriculture may need to reconsider certain fundamental principles. Novel plant nutrient sources, including increased nutrient recycling in society, and in some cases mineral nitrogen fertilisers from renewable sources, and truly alternative animal production systems may need to be developed and accepted.

  • 39.
    Röös, E.
    et al.
    SLU.
    Sundberg, Cecilia
    SLU.
    Tidåker, P.
    SLU.
    Strid, I.
    SLU.
    Hansson, P. -A
    SLU.
    Can carbon footprint serve as an indicator of the environmental impact of meat production?2013In: Ecological Indicators, ISSN 1470-160X, E-ISSN 1872-7034, Vol. 24, p. 573-581Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 40.
    Sanchez-Roncero, Alejandro
    et al.
    Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Matemat Pura & Aplicada, Valencia 46024, Spain..
    Garibo-i-Orts, Oscar
    Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Matemat Pura & Aplicada, Valencia 46024, Spain.;Valencian Int Univ VIU, GRID Grp Invest Ciencia Datos, Valencia, Spain..
    Conejero, J. Alberto
    Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Matemat Pura & Aplicada, Valencia 46024, Spain..
    Eivazi, Hamidreza
    ACES Assoc Spanish Scientists Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Mallor, Fermin
    ACES Assoc Spanish Scientists Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rosenberg, Emelie
    ACES Assoc Spanish Scientists Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nerini, Francesco Fuso
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, KTH Climate Action Centre, CAC.
    Garcia-Martinez, Javier
    Univ Alicante, Dept Inorgan Chem, Mol Nanotechnol Lab, Alicante, Spain..
    Vinuesa, Ricardo
    ACES Assoc Spanish Scientists Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hoyas, Sergio
    Univ Politecn Valencia, Inst Matemat Pura & Aplicada, Valencia 46024, Spain..
    The Sustainable Development Goals and Aerospace Engineering: A critical note through Artificial Intelligence2023In: Results in Engineering (RINENG), ISSN 2590-1230, Vol. 17, article id 100940Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The 2030 Agenda of the United Nations (UN) revolves around the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A critical step towards that objective is identifying whether scientific production aligns with the SDGs' achievement. To assess this, funders and research managers need to manually estimate the impact of their funding agenda on the SDGs, focusing on accuracy, scalability, and objectiveness. With this objective in mind, in this work, we develop ASDG, an easy-to-use Artificial-Intelligence-based model for automatically identifying the potential impact of scientific papers on the UN SDGs. As a demonstrator of ASDG, we analyze the alignment of recent aerospace publications with the SDGs. The Aerospace data set analyzed in this paper consists of approximately 820,000 papers published in English from 2011 to 2020 and indexed in the Scopus database. The most-contributed SDGs are 7 (on clean energy), 9 (on industry), 11 (on sustainable cities), and 13 (on climate action). The establishment of the SDGs by the UN in the middle of the 2010 decade did not significantly affect the data. However, we find clear discrepancies among countries, likely indicative of different priorities. Also, different trends can be seen in the most and least cited papers, with apparent differences in some SDGs. Finally, the number of abstracts the code cannot identify decreases with time, possibly showing the scientific community's awareness of SDG.

  • 41.
    Sandhi, Arifin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering. Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Landberg, Tommy
    Department of Ecology, Environment & Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Greger, Maria
    Department of Ecology, Environment & Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Phytofiltration of arsenic by aquatic moss (Warnstorfia fluitans)2017In: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work investigates whether aquatic moss (Warnstorfia fluitans) originating from an arsenic (As)-contaminated wetland close to a mine tailings impoundment may be used for phytofiltration of As. The aim was to elucidate the capacity of W. fluitans to remove As from arsenite and arsenate contaminated water, how nutrients affect the As uptake and the proportion of As adsorption and absorption by the moss plant, which consists of dead and living parts.

    Arsenic removal from 0, 1, or 10% Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0–100 μM arsenate was followed over 192 h, and the total As in aquatic moss after treatment was analysed. The uptake and speciation of As in moss cultivated in water containing 10 μM arsenate or arsenite were examined as As uptake in living (absorption + adsorption) and dead (adsorption) plant parts.

    Results indicated that W. fluitans removed up to 82% of As from the water within one hour when 1 μM arsenate was added in the absence of nutrients. The removal time increased with greater nutrient and As concentrations. Up to 100 μM As had no toxic effect on the plant biomass. Both arsenite and arsenate were removed from the solution to similar extents and, independent of the As species added, more arsenate than arsenite was found in the plant. Of the As taken up, over 90% was firmly bound to the tissue, a possible mechanism for resisting high As concentrations. Arsenic was both absorbed and adsorbed by the moss, and twice as much As was found in living parts as in dead moss tissue. This study revealed that W. fluitans has potential to serve as a phytofilter for removing As from As-contaminated water without displaying any toxic effects of the metalloid.

  • 42.
    Sinkala, Thomson
    et al.
    University of Zambia.
    Johnson, Francis Xavier
    Stockholm Environment Institute, Kräftriket 2B, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Small-Scale Production of Jatropha in Zambia and its Implications for Rural Development and National Biofuel Policies2012In: Bioenergy for Sustainable Development in Africa / [ed] Rainer Janssen and Dominic Rutz, Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 2012, p. 41-51Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Concerns about energy security and the need to promote rural development have been key factors in the promotion of biofuels in many developing countries in Africa. At the same time, the low cost of labour and plentiful land in some regions of Africa has motivated many foreign investors to set up biofuels schemes that are aimed at export markets. Small-scale production of biofuels in a Least Developed Country (LDC) such as Zambia offers a potentially more viable alternative, or in some cases a complement, to large-scale schemes. The lower capital investment required and the fact that households and communities can use by-products allows for value-added at the local level. The case of jatropha exhibits a number of benefits if there is a willingness to experiment with various production schemes and develop different products. In this chapter small-scale jatropha production in Zambia is assessed using a case study at Thomro farms. The relation of small-scale schemes to national priorities and policies is reviewed and the future role of jatropha at local and national levels is discussed.

  • 43. Sjöåsen, T.
    et al.
    Bisther, M.
    Gröndahl, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Evaluation of an Otter (Lutra lutra)2009Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Sparovek, Gerd
    et al.
    Univ Sao Paulo, GeoLab, Esalq, Ave Padua Dias 11, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil..
    Reydon, Bastiaan Philip
    Univ Estadual Campinas, IE, NEA, Rua Pitagoras 353, BR-13083857 Campinas, SP, Brazil..
    Guedes Pinto, Luis Fernando
    Imaflora Inst Manejo & Certificacao Florestal & A, Estr Chico Mendes 185, BR-13426420 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil..
    Faria, Vinicius
    Imaflora Inst Manejo & Certificacao Florestal & A, Estr Chico Mendes 185, BR-13426420 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil..
    Mazzaro de Freitas, Flavio Luiz
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Sustainability Assessment and Management.
    Azevedo-Ramos, Claudia
    UFPA, NAEA, BR-66075110 Belem, Para, Brazil..
    Gardner, Toby
    SEI, Box 24218, S-10451 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hamamura, Caio
    IFSP Inst Fed Educ Ciencia & Tecnol Sao Paulo, Rua Tenente Miguel Delia 105, BR-08021090 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil..
    Rajao, Raoni
    Univ Fed Minas Gerais, LAGESA, Antonio Carlos 6627, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil..
    Cerignoni, Felipe
    Imaflora Inst Manejo & Certificacao Florestal & A, Estr Chico Mendes 185, BR-13426420 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil..
    Siqueira, Gabriel Pansani
    Univ Estadual Campinas, IE, NEA, Rua Pitagoras 353, BR-13083857 Campinas, SP, Brazil..
    Carvalho, Tomas
    Imaflora Inst Manejo & Certificacao Florestal & A, Estr Chico Mendes 185, BR-13426420 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil..
    Alencar, Ane
    Inst Pesquisa Ambiental Amazonia, IPAM, SHIN CA5,Bloco J2,Sala 309, BR-70863520 Brasilia, DF, Brazil..
    Ribeiro, Vivian
    Inst Pesquisa Ambiental Amazonia, IPAM, SHIN CA5,Bloco J2,Sala 309, BR-70863520 Brasilia, DF, Brazil..
    Who owns Brazilian lands?2019In: Land use policy, ISSN 0264-8377, E-ISSN 1873-5754, Vol. 87, article id UNSP 104062Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Land tenure in many parts of Brazil remains uncertain and controversial. These problems have recently been exacerbated by changes in the legal framework regulating protected areas and the land market. A particular challenge facing attempts to improve land tenure security and governance in Brazil is the lack of a single, integrated assessment of all types of lands. Here we address this problem and present a first, integrated map of Brazilian land tenure encompassing all official data sources pertaining to both public and private lands. Of the total (8.5 million km(2)) 36.1% of all lands are public (with 6.4% officially undesignated), 44.2% are private, and 16.6% are unregistered or with unknown tenure. Strikingly, overlaps among land tenure categories sum to 50% of the registered territory of Brazil. A clearer understanding of uncertainties in land tenure, and the spatial distribution of those uncertainties can help guide research and public policies focused on minimizing land conflicts and strengthening governance and territorial planning to improve economic, environmental and social outcomes from land use in Brazil.

  • 45.
    Tao, Ran
    et al.
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
    Zhao, Pan
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
    Wu, Jing
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
    Martin, Nicolas
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
    Harrison, Matthew T.
    University of Tasmania, University of Tasmania.
    Ferreira, Carla
    Stockholm University, Stockholm University.
    Kalantari, Zahra
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering.
    Hovakimyan, Naira
    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
    Optimizing crop management with reinforcement learning and imitation learning2023In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI 2023, International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence , 2023, p. 6228-6236Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Crop management has a significant impact on crop yield, economic profit, and the environment. Although management guidelines exist, finding the optimal management practices is challenging. Previous work used reinforcement learning (RL) and crop simulators to solve the problem, but the trained policies either have limited performance or are not deployable in the real world. In this paper, we present an intelligent crop management system that optimizes nitrogen fertilization and irrigation simultaneously via RL, imitation learning (IL), and crop simulations using the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). We first use deep RL, in particular, deep Q-network, to train management policies that require a large number of state variables from the simulator as observations (denoted as full observation). We then invoke IL to train management policies that only need a few state variables that can be easily obtained or measured in the real world (denoted as partial observation) by mimicking the actions of the RL policies trained under full observation. Simulation experiments using the maize crop in Florida (US) and Zaragoza (Spain) demonstrate that the trained policies from both RL and IL techniques achieved more than 45% improvement in economic profit while causing less environmental impact compared with a baseline method. Most importantly, the IL-trained management policies are directly deployable in the real world as they use readily available information.

  • 46.
    Thunqvist, Eva-Lotta
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Planeten Vatten2013Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 47.
    Van Quang, Pham
    et al.
    An Giang University.
    Jansson, Per-Erik
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Geochemistry and Ecotechnology.
    Development and description of soil compaction on orchard soils in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam)2008In: Scientific Research and Essays, ISSN 1992-2248, E-ISSN 1992-2248, Vol. 3, no 10, p. 500-504Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study conducted in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) was to examine soil degradation and soil compaction in fruit tree plantations due to the impact of agricultural activities. The specific objective was to elucidate the impact of soil compaction on current and future production. Fruit trees are one of the most important components for the development of the delta. The plantation areas have increased rapidly over the recent years (from 117,000 ha in 1996 to 300,000 ha by the year 2006). Fruit trees in this region are usually grown on raised beds to avoid submergence due to annual flood. Most of the soils of raised beds are alluvial and perturbed from the natural soils. Studies on the raised beds have recognized trends of soil compaction during ageing of the raised beds. However, there are many uncertainties and consequently a need for further investigations exists, to improve the knowledge and understanding of soil processes in the region.

  • 48.
    Van Quang, Pham
    et al.
    An Giang University.
    Jansson, Per-Erik
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Geochemistry and Ecotechnology.
    thi Guong, Vo
    Can Tho University.
    Soil physical properties during different development stage of fruit orchards2012In: Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, ISSN 2141-2391, Vol. 3, no 12, p. 308-319Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the Mekong Delta (MD), fruit trees are usually grown on raised-beds to avoid submergence due to annual flooding. The soils are mostly alluvial and disarranged from the natural soils. The soil may beadversely impacted temporally, particularly with its physical properties. The study was conducted on 10 citrus plantations in Hau Giang province, MD, to illustrate if the covariance between clay content andage can be separated from the impact of soil ageing on compaction; we further discuss the design of how to make an investigation where only age is the analyzed event that age has a covariance with the spatial scale. Soil sampling was done in the dry season 2010 at two soil depths for each raised-bed toanalyze soil physical properties. Soil texture can be classified as silty-clay soil. The bulk density of topsoils ranged from 0.76 to 1.18 g cm-3 and slightly lower than subsoils; 0.85 to 1.24 g cm-3. Saturated hydraulic conductivity spanned the range from 2.04 to 5.43 m day-1 for topsoils and significantly higher than in subsoils; 1.4 to 5.5 m day-1. Organic matter was in the range of 4.4 to 12.2% for topsoils and significantly higher than in subsoils; 3.0 to 9.6%. A significant tendency of soil degradation with aging was found. Clay content showed a covariance with age of raised-beds counteracting the compaction processes. The high clay content for the aged raised-bed may have been hiding some of the compaction process. The relation between age and soil degradation was seen for the larger pore sizes within the water retention curve.

  • 49.
    Van Quang, Pham
    et al.
    An Giang University.
    Jansson, Per-Erik
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Geochemistry and Ecotechnology.
    van Khoa, Le
    Can Tho University.
    Soil Penetration Resistance and Its Dependence on Soil Moisture and Age of the Raised-Beds in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam2012In: International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, ISSN 2278-067X, Vol. 4, no 8, p. 87-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The research was conducted on 10 citrus plantations at Hau Giang province in the Mekong delta, Vietnam during one year with a portable electronic penetrometerto understand the impact of moisture on the soil compaction. Soil penetration resistance (PR) was measured in the depth of 0-80 cm depth and soil samples also taken at each 10 cm depth from the soil surface to the water level for soil moisture measurement. The results showed that PR increased as a function ofraised-bed’s age and it could be reached to a high degree by soil moisture variability during the season. The sensitivity of PR to soil moisture decreases with the age of raised-beds while the soil moisture represented an increasing tendency with the age of raised-beds. Relationship between PR and soil moisture are explained betterby the volumetric water content than the corresponding soil water potential expressed as pF values. The measurements of soil PR determined by the previous results, which are obtained from soil, core samples with the dry bulk density and water retention curves were calculated and analyzed. Using the PR data will be very useful; it is a complementary and important information for identification the soil structure and soil moisture content. Without such processing of PR measurements, the values of the PR measurements will be limited and not indicated for soil compaction. To minify soil compaction on the raised-beds, all the pressure and mechanical activities should not be done in the soil surface, specially in the wet condition. Organic fertilizers and Biocharcan be considered as soil conditioners and recommended to applied in orchard for improving soil properties.

  • 50.
    van Quang, Pham
    et al.
    An Giang University.
    thi Guong, Vo
    Can Tho University.
    Chemical properties during different development stages of fruit orchards in the mekong delta (Vietnam)2011In: Agricultural Sciences, ISSN 2156-8553, E-ISSN 2156-8561, Vol. 2, no 3, p. 375-381Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study to examine soil fertility status was conducted on 10 citrus plantations in Hau Giang province within the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Fruit trees are mostly grown on the raised beds to avoid annual flood with alluvial soil type. Soil sampling was done in the dry season of 2010 at two soil depths, for each raised bed. Development ages of raised beds were represented by two groups, young age group (≤ 30 years) and old age group (> 30 years). For chemical analysis, pH, organic matter, CEC, total nitrogen, NH4+, NO3– and exchangeable Ca, Mg and K were determined. The results showed that the pH (water) was strongly acid. The CEC was in average 19.2 cmol+.kg–1 in topsoil (0 - 20 cm depth) and 18.7 cmol+.kg–1 in subsoil (20 - 50 cm depth) for young age group. Similarly, the CEC was 16.7 cmol+.kg–1 in topsoil and 15.8 cmol+.kg–1 in subsoil for old age group. Organic matter on young age group (7.38 and 5.47% on average for topsoil and subsoil respectively) was significantly higher than that of old age group (5.20 and 3.81% on average for topsoil and subsoil respectively). Total nitrogen was not significantly different between the sites for the age groups of raised as well as the soil layers. Ammonium-N levels were excessive, and NO3--N levels were high. Potassium and Mg2+ were significantly different between age groups of raised beds and the same pattern between soil layers, while Ca2+ did not vary significantly. Potassium and Ca2+ levels were moderate, Mg2+ was high and P levels were very high. Soil fertility in the raised beds subjected to an adverse on plant growth and an imbalance in soil nutrients under low pH conditions. Loss of soil quality was exhibited in reduced organic matter with the aging of raised beds.

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