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  • 1.
    Aad, G.
    et al.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France..
    Leopold, Alexander
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Lundberg, Olof
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Lund-Jensen, Bengt
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Ohm, Christian
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Ripellino, Giulia
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Shaheen, Rabia
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Shope, David R.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Strandberg, Jonas
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Partikel- och astropartikelfysik.
    Zwalinski, L.
    CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland..
    et al.,
    A search for an unexpected asymmetry in the production of e(+)mu(-) and e(-)mu(+) pairs in proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at root s=13 TeV2022Inngår i: Physics Letters B, ISSN 0370-2693, E-ISSN 1873-2445, Vol. 830, artikkel-id 137106Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This search, a type not previously performed at ATLAS, uses a comparison of the production cross sections for e(+)mu(-) and e(-)mu(+) pairs to constrain physics processes beyond the Standard Model. It uses 139 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data recorded at root s = 13 TeV at the LHC. Targeting sources of new physics which prefer final states containing e(+)mu(-) and e(-)mu(+), the search contains two broad signal regions which are used to provide model-independent constraints on the ratio of cross sections at the 2% level. The search also has two special selections targeting supersymmetric models and leptoquark signatures. Observations using one of these selections are able to exclude, at 95% confidence level, singly produced smuons with masses up to 640 GeV in a model in which the only other light sparticle is a neutralino when the R-parity-violating coupling lambda(23)(1)' is close to unity. Observations using the other selection exclude scalar leptoquarks with masses below 1880 GeV when g(1R)(eu) = g(1R)(mu c) = 1, at 95% confidence level. The limit on the coupling reduces to g(1R)(eu) = g(1R)(mu c) = 0.46 for a mass of 1420 GeV.

  • 2. Aagaard, A.
    et al.
    Ritzén, Sofia
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), Integrerad produktutveckling. KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), Maskinkonstruktion (Avd.).
    The critical aspects of co-creating and co-capturing sustainable value in service business models2019Inngår i: Creativity and Innovation Management, ISSN 0963-1690, E-ISSN 1467-8691Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerous researchers and practitioners emphasize the potential to create value through sustainable business models (SBMs). However, little attention has been paid to how sustainable value is proposed, created, delivered, and captured in the organization, and how customers perceive sustainable value in service. The aim of this paper is to explore this research gap empirically through a case study of sustainable value (co-)creation through SBMs of sustainable service innovations as experienced among two hotels' managers, employees and customers. The contributions of the study relate to the development of SBMs in service, where the value processes happen simultaneously and where the element value perception has to be added to the extant SBM literature, which is closely related to the creation and delivery of physical goods as in product-oriented industries. The study also contributes through the dual perspective (providers and customers) on sustainable value proposition, value creation and value capture. The findings reveal different key aspects in creating and capturing sustainable value through SBMs and sustainable service innovation. The managerial implications for creating and implementing SBM in service stress the need for employee engagement, customer involvement and targeted and personal communication educating internal and external sustainability ambassadors.

  • 3.
    Aagaard, Annabeth
    et al.
    Aarhus University, Dept. Business Development & Technology.
    Ritzén, Sofia
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), Integrerad produktutveckling.
    Creating and capturing sustainable value through business model and service innovation2018Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A number of researchers and practitioners emphasize the potentials of creating value through sustainable business models. However, little attention has been paid as to how sustainable value is created and implemented into the organization and how sustainable value is perceived by the customers. This research gap is explored empirically through a case study of active facilitation and implementation of sustainable business models as experience internally and externally among two hotels’ employees and customers. The findings reveal different key control mechanisms in sustainable value creation and value capture through sustainable business models and sustainable service innovation. The managerial implications of creating and implementing sustainable business models in ways that are perceived sustainable by customer, stress the need for employee engagement, customer involvement, and targeted and personal communication educating internal and external sustainability ambassadors.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Aarestrup, F. M.
    et al.
    Tech Univ Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark..
    Auffray, C.
    EISBM, Vourles, France..
    Benhabiles, N.
    Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, French Atom Energy & Alternat Energy Commiss, Direct Rech Fondamentale, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Blomberg, N.
    ELIXIR, Welcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England..
    Korbel, J. O.
    European Mol Biol Lab, Genome Biol Unit, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Oksvold, Per
    KTH, Centra, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sci Life Lab, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Van Oyen, H.
    Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland.;Univ Sci & Technol, Akad Gornizco Hutnizca, Acad Comp Ctr Cyfronet, Krakow, Poland.;Sciensano, Juliette Wystmanstr, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium..
    Towards a European health research and innovation cloud (HRIC)2020Inngår i: Genome Medicine, ISSN 1756-994X, E-ISSN 1756-994X, Vol. 12, nr 1, artikkel-id 18Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The European Union (EU) initiative on the Digital Transformation of Health and Care (Digicare) aims to provide the conditions necessary for building a secure, flexible, and decentralized digital health infrastructure. Creating a European Health Research and Innovation Cloud (HRIC) within this environment should enable data sharing and analysis for health research across the EU, in compliance with data protection legislation while preserving the full trust of the participants. Such a HRIC should learn from and build on existing data infrastructures, integrate best practices, and focus on the concrete needs of the community in terms of technologies, governance, management, regulation, and ethics requirements. Here, we describe the vision and expected benefits of digital data sharing in health research activities and present a roadmap that fosters the opportunities while answering the challenges of implementing a HRIC. For this, we put forward five specific recommendations and action points to ensure that a European HRIC: i) is built on established standards and guidelines, providing cloud technologies through an open and decentralized infrastructure; ii) is developed and certified to the highest standards of interoperability and data security that can be trusted by all stakeholders; iii) is supported by a robust ethical and legal framework that is compliant with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR); iv) establishes a proper environment for the training of new generations of data and medical scientists; and v) stimulates research and innovation in transnational collaborations through public and private initiatives and partnerships funded by the EU through Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe.

  • 5. Aarrevaara, Timo
    et al.
    Pinheiro, Rómulo
    Söderlind, Johan
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Lärande.
    Strategy as Dialogue and Engagement2019Inngår i: Reforms, Organizational Change and Performance in Higher Education: A Comparative Account from the Nordic Countries / [ed] Rómulo Pinheiro, Lars Geschwind, Hanne Foss Hansen, Kirsi Pulkkinen, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, s. 211-234Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 6.
    Aasen, Julie Salicath
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.).
    Samie Ghafarokhy, Sara
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.).
    Internationalization Barriers in the Healthtech Industry: A study of barriers that business-to-business Software-as-a-Service healthtech companies experience when expanding organically from Sweden to other European markets2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    As a result of the aging and growing population in Europe, the demand for healthcare services continues to rise. It is therefore important to streamline the healthcare sector to manage the growing demand. One way to do this is by implementing digital-health solutions. By either developing digital services and applications in-house or outsourcing this to an external business-to-business (B2B) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) healthtech company, the healthcare sector can adopt such digital-health solutions. The evolution of the healthcare sector has accelerated as numerous innovators have capitalized on opportunities in this area by establishing healthtech firms. Furthermore, previous research shows that there is a need for internationalization among healthtech firms for them to succeed in the long run. This study aims to identify the barriers arising when B2B SaaS healthtech firms expand organically from Sweden to other European markets. This is done by conducting a single case study at a leading Swedish healthtech firm providing a SaaS with a B2B business model. Interviews are conducted and analyzed qualitatively to explore the barriers perceived within the studied organization. Several expansion barriers specific for B2B SaaS healthtech firms are identified. Furthermore, the study shows a new perspective on barriers arising within this phenomenon. This includes barriers regarding laws, language, prioritization, market structures, competition, lack of information, and attaining the first customer. The findings identified from the case study can contribute to streamlining the healthcare sector by encouraging innovation. Moreover, this research can be usedto understand barriers experienced by many distinct companies within the industry.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 7.
    Abakarova, Elmira
    et al.
    Gubkin University, Moscow.
    Blomgren, Henrik
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Industriell marknadsföring. KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Affärsutveckling och Entreprenörskap.
    Will the future European energy market be a German battle with Russian and Swedish actors in the centre of it?: Analyzing major players with the pattern shown by mergers and acquisitions2011Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 8.
    ABBASSI, BEHRANG
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Organisation och ledning.
    HULTLING JACOBSEN, JOHANNES
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Organisation och ledning.
    A Managerial Perspective on Uncertainty and Commitment in Organizational Change2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Organizational change has during the last decades become a common practice among corporations in every major market. Change has ironically become a constant, which has put an emphasis on organizations to master the practice of change management. In addition to becoming a more and more relevant practice, change initiatives are hard to carry through with little, or even any, financial success, according to prevalent research. The purpose of this master’s thesis, conducted at The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and in collaboration with a large company going through a major organizational change, was investigating the notion of uncertainty and commitment, as well as the relationship between the two, amongst managers within the context of organizational change.

    The thesis, which is a qualitative study, has been based on 14 interviews with mid-level managers at a company, referred to in the thesis as Case Company. Furthermore, the thesis has used prevalent research in order to segment, delimit and analyze the empirical data. The findings have shown that the drivers of commitment; namely understanding; belief and involvement, and the mitigating factors of uncertainty; information sharing and control, do in fact have interlinking causalities. In short, information sharing furthers understanding, which in turn affects the belief in the change initiatives. Moreover, involvement gives employees, managers included, a sense of control, which reduces feelings of uncertainty. The findings have also shown that there exist factors, which are not underlined by prevalent research, that heavily affect the communicating and information sharing processes of change initiatives. These factors are primarily the involvement and power possessed by unions and worker’s councils. The research has also shown that both current theory and practice do not consider the long-term adverse effect of organizational change to the extent we argue that it mandates. These adverse effects are referred to in the thesis, as well as prevalent theor, as survivor’s syndrome, which can be summarized as the residual effects of a change on the members of the organization that remain.

    The thesis has given fruit to possible areas of improvement for Case Company, which  ncludes, among others, the information sharing process and long-term adverse effects of organizational change. Moreover, the thesis has also highlighted potential segmentations and focus areas of future research, which include observing how commitment to the proposed change compared to the commitment to the organization changes as organizational change makes its presence felt.

  • 9.
    Abbes, Yacine
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Energiteknik.
    Educational studies in heat and power technology: how students learn with multimedia tools and problem-based learning2005Licentiatavhandling, monografi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Higher education is undergoing continuous changes and new learning tools and methods are implemented. Researchers in education do not always agree upon the effectiveness of some of the methods introduced into engineering education. The present thesis consists of two case studies on educational methods introduced at the Department of Energy Technology, at Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden. The qualitative research methodology has been used in case one and a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology has been used in the second case. The sources of evidences consisted of: unstructured interviews, analysis of video recording, questionnaires, and analysis of a variety of documents. In the first case, an educational program in heat and power technology was analysed. The second case consists in an in-depth study of group dynamics in a Problem –Based Learning course. These studies showed that the learning approach adopted by students depends strongly on the way they view the particular learning tool or method. The first case study revealed the existence of two types of learners. Surfacelearners follow the structure suggested by the designers of the multimedia program. This category of learners focuses only on the material available in the program. Deep-learners go beyond the information and the structure suggested in the program and combine different learning tools in their learning. These students do not follow the structure of the tutorials’ of the multimedia program. This study showed that students who had a strong view how to learn with a multimedia program or a learning method benefited less from the learning tools available. Students with weak views on how to learn from educational program or leaning tool benefit less from the presentation and engage in more surface learning. Self-motivated learners use the multimedia presentation in novel ways and crosscheck the information given with other material. The second study showed that students have unclear and weak views on how to learn with student-directed Problem- Based Learning model. Four types of learners were identified in Problem-Based Learning project: Leaders, Key Actors, Common Students and Social Loafers. Leaders and Key Actors are self-motivated individuals and participate most in the projects. Students who viewed themselves or were viewed as leaders were held responsible to take most of the decisions and students expected them to work more than the average student. Students who viewed themselves as common team members expected a lower workload than leaders’. Key Actors are self-motivated students who do not view themselves as separate from other group members but who participate more than others. Leaders learned more group and social processes, that they did not fully take part in, while common students learned more from the project management aspects that they did not take part in. The study also found that Problem-Based Learning groups can become very cohesive, and can develop distorted views on how to learn with Problem-Based Learning, and un-common group dynamics phenomena such as groupthink can occur in Problem-Based Learning setting.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 10.
    Abdelgalil, Mohammed Saqr
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Människocentrerad teknologi, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID. Univ Eastern Finland, Sch Comp, Joensuu Campus,Yliopistokatu 2,POB 111, FI-80100 Joensuu, Finland..
    Lopez-Pernas, Sonsoles
    Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Dept Ingn Sistemas Telemat, Avda Complutense 30, Madrid 28040, Spain..
    The longitudinal trajectories of online engagement over a full program2021Inngår i: Computers and education, ISSN 0360-1315, E-ISSN 1873-782X, Vol. 175, artikkel-id 104325Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Student engagement has a trajectory (a timeline) that unfolds over time and can be shaped by different factors including learners' motivation, school conditions, and the nature of learning tasks. Such factors may result in either a stable, declining or fluctuating engagement trajectory. While research on online engagement is abundant, most authors have examined student engagement in a single course or two. Little research has been devoted to studying online longitudinal engagement, i.e., the evolution of student engagement over a full educational program. This learning analytics study examines the engagement states (sequences, successions, stability, and transitions) of 106 students in 1396 course enrollments over a full program. All data of students enrolled in the academic year 2014-2015, and their subsequent data in 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018 (15 courses) were collected. The engagement states were clustered using Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to uncover the hidden engagement trajectories which resulted in a mostly-engaged (33% of students), an intermediate (39.6%), and a troubled (27.4%) trajectory. The mostly-engaged trajectory was stable with infrequent changes, scored the highest, and was less likely to drop out. The troubled trajectory showed early disengagement, frequent dropouts and scored the lowest grades. The results of our study show how to identify early program disengagement (activities within the third decile) and when students may drop out (first year and early second year).

  • 11.
    Abdelgalil, Mohammed Saqr
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Människocentrerad teknologi, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID.
    Lopez-Pernas, Sonsoles
    Univ Politecn Madrid, ETSI Telecomunicac, Dept Ingn Sistemas Telemat, Madrid, Spain..
    Toward self big data2021Inngår i: International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS), ISSN 1658-3639, Vol. 15, nr 5, s. 1-2Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 12.
    Abdelgalil, Mohammed Saqr
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Människocentrerad teknologi, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
    López-Pernas, S.
    Idiographic learning analytics: A single student (N=1) approach using psychological networks2021Inngår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings, CEUR-WS , 2021, s. 16-22Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent findings in the field of learning analytics have brought to our attention that conclusions drawn from cross-sectional group-level data may not capture the dynamic processes that unfold within each individual learner. In this light, idiographic methods have started to gain grounds in many fields as a possible solution to examine students' behavior at the individual level by using several data points from each learner to create person-specific insights. In this study, we introduce such novel methods to the learning analytics field by exploring the possible potentials that one can gain from zooming in on the fine-grained dynamics of a single student. Specifically, we make use of Gaussian Graphical Models -an emerging trend in network science- to analyze a single student's dispositions and devise insights specific to him/her. The results of our study revealed that the student under examination may be in need to learn better self-regulation techniques regarding reflection and planning. 

  • 13.
    Abdul Al, Fatima
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Urbana och regionala studier.
    Ansvarsfördelning vid förvaltning av 3D-utrymmen: En studie om underbyggnad av allmän plats2019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Den 1 januari 2004 infördes regler om tredimensionell fastighetsbildning. I takt med att städerna växer krävs yteffektiva lösningar för att utveckla staden samtidigt som dess kvaliteter bibehålls. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur ansvarsfördelningen av drift och underhåll vid bildandet av tredimensionella fastigheter lämpligen bör utformas för att åstadkomma en långsiktigt hållbar förvaltning i en tät stadsstruktur, där ytor för allmänna platser underbyggs med enskilda anläggningar. Examensarbetet begränsar sig till att endast behandla 3D-utrymmen som avser allmän plats med kommunalt huvudmannaskap som underbyggs med en enskild anläggning. Examensarbetet behandla frågorna om 3D-utrymmen ur ett kommunalt och lantmäterimässigt perspektiv. I examensarbetet studeras hur ansvaret för drift och underhåll av 3D-fastigheten ska fördelas mellan parterna för att underlätta en långsiktigt hållbar förvaltning av allmän plats som underbyggs med en enskild anläggning. Därefter studeras hur ansvarsfördelningen regleras i detaljplan, förrättningsakt och avtal, för att slutligen kunna svara på vilka möjliga utmaningar 3D-fastighetsbildningen medför för den långsiktiga förvaltningen av den allmänna platsen. Studien har visat att förvaltningen av 3D-fastigheter är en komplex fråga. Resultatet tyder på att det krävs att ansvarsfördelningen mellan de båda fastighetsägarna tydligt definieras för att få till en hållbar och välfungerande långsiktig förvaltning. Därav följer en reglering av kostnadsfördelningen för att tydligt avgöra vilken fastighetsägare som står för vilka kostnader avseende utförande, drift och underhåll. Ansvaret definieras genom angivelse i plankarta och planbestämmelser samt genom reglering i förrättningsakt och avtal. Studien visar även på att det är viktigt med ett nära samarbete mellan kommunen och Lantmäterimyndigheten för att säkerställa en långsiktigt hållbar förvaltning. Det är särskilt viktigt med ett nära samarbete mellan enheterna inom kommunen för att kunna tillgodose entydigheten i de juridiskt bindande dokumenten för att därigenom kunna säkerställa en tydlig reglering av ansvarsfördelningen för förvaltningen av 3D-fastigheten

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 14.
    Abdulgadir, Adil
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.).
    Abdulgadir, Imad
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.).
    Strategic Proposals for Sustainable Supply Chains in the Fast Fashion Industry: Exploring ways to incorporate concepts and methods to confront the damaging effects of the industry2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Accounted as the second largest cause of pollution, the fashion industry is only behind the petroleum industry worldwide. In recent decades, the supply chains of retail companies have become international with the growth of a global economy. As a result, fashion companies have increasingly shifted their supply chains into developing countries with cheaper labour. The shift is made possible due to their lower environmental awareness and looser environmental regulatory systems. This dominant business model within the clothing industry has gained enormous traction within recent decades and has been coined with the term fast fashion. However, due to the negative economic, social and environmental impact, mainly in developing countries, fast fashion companies increasingly focus on sustainability efforts within their supply chains to ensure the same quality and standards in production and working conditions. The thesis seeks to investigate what efforts have to be done within the supply chains of fast fashion companies in order to become more sustainable. A case study is conducted with a fashion retailer based in Sweden, referred to as Company X, through several semi-structured interviews in order to explore how Company X manages to keep a competitive advantage through its extensive sustainability efforts within its supply chain. The findings and analysis of this study show that there are numerous supply chain strategies for improvements, including sustainable manufacturing, eco-material preparations, green distribution, ethical consumers and reshoring vs. offshoring strategies. The major competitive advantages that are achieved according to the company itself come from; a shift from labour-intensive suppliers to capital-intensive, strong brand image, credibility, increase in ethical consumers, partnerships, transparency and traceability. Conclusively, purchasing from capital-intensive suppliers rather than labour-intensive suppliers will yield new innovative solutions for technologically advanced eco-material as well as efficiency in the production process. Furthermore, it was found that for a reshoring strategy to become the norm in the near future, extensive work and research is required. Lastly, as consumers' behaviour shifts towards a more ethical mindset, traditional fast fashion companies will continue to lose an important customer segment if no changes are made.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 15.
    Abdullah Asif, Farazee Mohammad
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell produktion.
    Rashid, Amir
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell produktion, Maskin- och processteknologi.
    Bianchi, C.
    Nicolescu, Cornel Mihai
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell produktion.
    System dynamics models for decision making in product multiple lifecycles2015Inngår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 101, s. 20-33Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The main drivers for adopting product multiple lifecycles are to gain ecological and economic advantages. However, in most of the cases it is not straight forward to estimate the potential ecological and economic gain that may result from adopting product multiple lifecycles. Even though many researchers have concluded that product multiple lifecycles result in gain, there are examples which indicate that the gain is often marginal or even none in many cases. The purpose of this research is to develop system dynamics models that can assist decision makers in assessing and analysing the potential gain of product multiple lifecycles considering the dynamics of material scarcity. The foundation of the research presented in this paper is laid based on literature review. System dynamics principles have been used for modelling and simulations have been done on Stella iThink platform. The data used in the models have been extracted from different reports published by World Steel Association and U.S. Geological Survey. Some of the data have been assumed based on expert estimation. The data on iron ore reserves, iron and steel productions and consumptions have been used in the models. This research presents the first system dynamics model for decision making in product multiple lifecycles which takes into consideration the dynamics of material scarcity. Physical unavailability and price of material are the two main factors that would drive product multiple lifecycles approach and more sustainable decisions can be made if it is done by taking holistic system approach over longer time horizon. For an enterprise it is perhaps not attractive to conserve a particular type of material through product multiple lifecycles approach which is naturally abundant but extremely important if the material becomes critical. An enterprise could through engineering, proper business model and marketing may increase the share of multiple lifecycle products which eventually would help the enterprise to reduce its dependency on critical materials.

  • 16.
    Abdullah, Tazhan
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Entreprenörskap och Innovation.
    Suppl-SideRiskMitigationinManufacturingCompany2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Supply chain risk is a challenge, because they can disrupt the supply of components and raw

    material to the company. The Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) is reality in today’s

    resource-optimized supply systems. Disruption can cause an increase of production cost. In more

    serious production breaks it can jeopardize the fulfillment of contracts.

    The complexity of supply network increases risk as the rate of dependency on both single and

    dual sourcing increases either jointly or separately. When suppliers are placed far away, the risk

    of interference in time increases, which is the case of today’s global companies is a common

    issue.

    A framework has been developed in this study based on previous literature to investigate the

    sources of the supply-side risk and its categories, to implement the mitigation strategies the

    company can reduce the probability of occurrence of any undesired event and negative impacts.

    The proposed framework was applied, in form of a case study, on the global truck manufacturer

    Scania. Two managers of the company were interviewed by the author with this purpose.

    The main findings indicate that when the framework was applied, mitigation strategies were

    effective in truck manufacturing industry such as Scania. In the case of Scania, two more risk

    sources that were not included in the framework are monitored by the company, namely safety

    and health and security. In summarizing, the establishment of the risk mitigation strategiesmapping

    up, follow up, and continuous improvement, leads to improvement of the OEM. Formal

    training programs to achieve continuous improvement and the participation of the crossfunctional

    groups in the mapping and follow up practices to create a successful supply chain risk

    management.

  • 17.
    Abebe, Henok Girma
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Filosofi och historia, Filosofi.
    Belin, Matts-Åke
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Filosofi och historia.
    Edvardsson Björnberg, Karin
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Filosofi och historia, Filosofi.
    Equity and Social Justice considerations in road safety work: The case of Vision Zero in New York City2024Inngår i: Transport Policy, ISSN 0967-070X, E-ISSN 1879-310X, Vol. 149, s. 11-20Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper analyses how Vision Zero (VZ) efforts in New York City (NYC) account for equity and social justice implications of road safety work. VZ policy documents, research literature, popular science and opinion articles on road safety work in the city were studied with a prime focus on equity and social justice. Twelve semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in road safety and transport planning in the city and at national level were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of policy design, the adoption process, and the role of equity considerations in the city's road safety work. The results show that major equity and social justice issues arise in the adoption and implementation of VZ. These issues are primarily related to equity and fairness in the distribution of life saving interventions, the socio-economic impacts of road safety strategies, and the nature of community engagement in policy design and implementation. The findings point to a need for VZ practitioners to give due considerations to equity and social justice implications of VZ policies and strategies. Among others, it supports the need for understanding the nature of past equity and social justice problems in road safety and transport planning in the VZ policy design process. Moreover, the findings suggest the need for empirical studies on the socio-economic implications of VZ strategies and interventions.

  • 18. Abele, Eberhard
    et al.
    Chryssolouris, George
    Sihn, Wilfried
    Metternich, Joachim
    ElMaraghy, Hoda
    Seliger, Guenther
    Franzén Sivard, Gunilla
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell produktion.
    ElMaraghy, Waguih
    Hummel, Vera
    Tisch, Michael
    Seifermann, Stefan
    Learning factories for future oriented research and education in manufacturing2017Inngår i: CIRP annals, ISSN 0007-8506, E-ISSN 1726-0604, Vol. 66, nr 2, s. 803-826Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Learning factories present a promising environment for education, training and research, especially in manufacturing related areas which are a main driver for wealth creation in any nation. While numerous learning factories have been built in industry and academia in the last decades, a comprehensive scientific overview of the topic is still missing. This paper intends to close this gap by establishing the state of the art of learning factories. The motivations, historic background, and the didactic foundations of learning factories are outlined. Definitions of the term learning factory and the corresponding morphological model are provided. An overview of existing learning factory approaches in industry and academia is provided, showing the broad range of different applications and varying contents. The state of the art of learning factories curricula design and their use to enhance learning and research as well as potentials and limitations are presented. Conclusions and an outlook on further research priorities are offered. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of CIRP.

  • 19.
    Abenoza, Roberto
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Transportvetenskap.
    Ceccato, Vania
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Urbana och regionala studier.
    Susilo, Yusak O.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Transportvetenskap.
    Cats, Oded
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Transportvetenskap. Department of Transport and Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
    Individual, Travel, and Bus Stop Characteristics Influencing Travelers’ Safety Perceptions2018Inngår i: TRR Journal of transportation research board, ISSN 0361-1981Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Ensuring safety during door-to-door public transport trips is a fundamental challenge to service providers as safety influences individuals’ mobility. Using reported safety perceptions of travelers waiting at six bus stops with different characteristics in Stockholm, this study investigates factors that have an impact on determining travelers’ perceived safety and crime perceptions. This is done by assessing the importance of real-time information provision and the environmental characteristics of bus stops during the day and at night for different types of crime, after controlling for travelers’ individual and trip characteristics, and their previous experiences of victimization. Interaction effects of age, gender, and travel frequency are also tested. The  results  suggest  that  bus  shelter  characteristics,  natural  surveillance,  and  trustworthy  real-time  information  are  the most important factors influencing safety and crime perceptions. Additionally, safety perceptions are strongly influenced by previous experiences of victimization. The effect of perceived feelings about crime and safety are found to be nuanced by age and gender. Unlike some common beliefs, travelers: (1) feel less worried about becoming a victim of crime at bus stops associated with high crime rates; (2) prefer opaque shelters at night; and (3) have higher safety perceptions when the stop is located in an area of mixed land use. The impact of a bus stop’s number of passers-by is found to be insignificant. No direct or indirect effects can be attributed to frequency of travel by bus, indicating that familiar places and routine behavior have noeffect on declared crime and safety perceptions.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 20.
    Abenoza, Roberto F.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö.
    Ettema, Dick F.
    Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, 7,POB 80115, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Susilo, Yusak O.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö.
    Do accessibility, vulnerability, opportunity, and travel characteristics have uniform impacts on the traveler's experience?2018Inngår i: Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, ISSN 0965-8564, E-ISSN 1879-2375, Vol. 114, s. 38-51Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 21.
    Abeywecra, Ruchira
    et al.
    OUSL, Dept Mech Engn, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka..
    Scnanavakc, Nihal S.
    OUSL, Dept Mech Engn, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka..
    Jayasuriya, Jeevan
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Energiteknik, Kraft- och värmeteknologi.
    Fransson, Torsten H.
    EIT InnoEnergy, Eindhoven, Netherlands..
    A Remote Mode High Quality International Master Degree Program in Environomical Pathways for Sustainable Energy Systems (SELECT) -Pilot Program Experiences During First Year of Studies2018Inngår i: PROCEEDINGS OF 2018 IEEE GLOBAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION CONFERENCE (EDUCON) - EMERGING TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION, IEEE , 2018, s. 276-284Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Remote mode study programs at master degree level are becoming more popular than undergraduate level programs. Students after graduation with Bachelors degree very often are employed and the most appropriate mode for them to pursue higher studies is the remote mode. Postgraduate programs with one or two year duration mostly focus on specific areas of research based industrial application. Traditional remote education is thought to be more centered on web based on-line programs with a little opportunity for teacher student interaction and interaction with peers. In such programs motivation for studies has been a problem and as a result many students drop off and also those remain in the program for prolonged periods do not show good performance. One of the reasons for failures of students in remote studies is the isolation leading to discouragement for the completion studies. A remote mode Master Degree Program in Environomical Pathways for Sustainable Energy Systems (MSc-SELECT), consisting of a number of innovative features aimed at improved student engagement, motivation, exposure to experiences in multi-national setting and team work, was developed and implemented by the Master School of the EIT-InnoEnergy, as a pilot project. The program was offered, collaboratively and simultaneously to students in three locations, Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya in Spain and the Open University of Sri Lanka. The students in Sweden and Spain each followed 50% of the courses on-campus and 50% in remote mode depending upon the university they registered with. The students in Sri Lanka followed the entire 1st year fully remotely. All the students (from KTH, OUSL and UPC) will spend the 2nd year on-campus at another university in the consortium. This paper discusses, from the perspective of the fully remote site, the remote program with its innovative aspects, student performance and experience together with future tasks for making the program viable and beneficial to all partner countries.

  • 22.
    Abraham, Jonatan
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Urbana och regionala studier.
    Assessing the threats against rural Sweden: An exploration of crimes against Swedish farmers related to animal production2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    In the discourse of crime and place, the focus has rarely fallen on rural crime. While experiencing comparably lower crime levels than urban counterparts, the common association with rural areas as being symbols of peace and friendly social interaction is not necessarily accurate. One group that often are thought of as inherently rural is farmers, who’s workplaces may possess certain unique vulnerabilities to crime compared to other locations. This thesis aims to obtain a better understanding of the threats against farmers related to animal production in a Swedish context, adding to the knowledge base regarding rural crime and sustainable development of rural and urban areas. The objectives of the study are:

    • to investigate the nature of the victimization of farmers devoted to animal production in Sweden, especially related the situational conditions of farms and rural areas.

    • to explore new data that could be used to approximate the scale of the threats against farmers using data from media archives from 2009 to 2019. This study reports types, frequency, and location of crimes against animal production with a focus on mink, rabbit and pig farms. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to report the geography of these offences at municipal level. The theories of the routine activity approach and situational crime prevention are used to try to explain certain conditions that may facilitate crime on farms, while the offenders are explored using the theory on techniques of neutralization.

    The findings of the study show that the experience of the chosen actor’s varied greatly, but with crimes such as trespassing, vandalism and theft being common types of offenses across the board. The locations of the crime events were focused in the southern to mid of Sweden. Situational conditions that may have facilitated crime includes: the large size of farms and low population density providing low detection of crime, high value targets, and relatively high accessibility to the farms. From the data, mainly three techniques of neutralization were observed to be utilized: denial of the victim, denial of injury and appeal to higher loyalties. Multiple techniques were observed to be utilized together, while simultaneously exploiting situational conditions to facilitate the neutralization.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Abraham, Jonatan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö.
    Ceccato, Vania
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Urbana och regionala studier.
    Crime and safety in rural areas: A systematic review of the English-language literature 1980-20202022Inngår i: Journal of Rural Studies, ISSN 0743-0167, E-ISSN 1873-1392, Vol. 94, s. 250-273Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This article explores the nature and frequency of crimes and people's safety perceptions in rural areas using a systematic review of the literature. It explores four decades of English-language publications on crime and safety in rural areas from several major databases; mainly Scopus, JSTOR and ScienceDirect. The number of retrieved documents was 840, of which 410 were selected for in-depth analysis and their topics later categorized by theme. We found that rural crime research took off after the mid-1980s and experienced an increase during the 2010s. Despite the domination by North American, British and Australian scholarship, studies from other parts of the world (including the Global South) are increasingly being published as well. Publications on rural crime patterns (e.g., farm crime) compose over one-fifth of the reviewed literature. This together with rural policing/criminal justice and violence constitute the three largest themes in rural criminology research. With ever-increasing links between the local and the global, this review article advocates for tailored multilevel responses to rural crimes that, more than ever, are generated by processes far beyond their localities.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Abrahamsson, Johanna
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Urbana och regionala studier.
    Naturens roll i ett digitaliserat Stockholm2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Under de senaste åren har uttrycket ”smart stad” används allt oftare för att beskriva en framtid där social, ekonomisk och ekologisk hållbarhet har uppnåtts med hjälp av digital teknik (Colding & Barthel, 2017). Samtidigt anses det vara viktigt att människor övergår till mer hållbara livsstilar för att bromsa den mänskliga påverkan på klimatet (National Research Council, 1999). Studier har påvisat att naturvistelser kan ge upphov till en känslomässig koppling till naturen som i sin tur kan leda till ökat miljöengagemang (Kals mfl., 1999; Ballantyne & Packer, 2009). Digital teknik skulle kunna ha stor potential för att underlätta interaktionen med naturen och därigenom stärka denna naturkoppling men skulle samtidigt å andra sidan kunna bidra till att öka avståndet mellan människa och natur (Maffey mfl., 2015). Den pågående digitaliseringstrenden avspeglas i Stockholm Smart Stad-vision. Samtidigt anses det svenska friluftslivet bli mer och mer kommersialiserat (Margaryan & Fredman, 2017; Margaryan, 2017). Denna studie utgår från två problemställningar varav den först rör hur digitala tjänster kan komma att påverka människans naturrelation. Den andra problemställningen handlar om föreställningar om naturen som underbygger människors tolkningar av den. Studien syftar till att undersöka vilken potential digitala verktyg kan anses ha för att främja ökad hållbarhet liksom vilka natursyner som kan uppfattas bland verksamma inom natur- och friluftslivssektorn i Stockholm. För att uppnå studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts med en litteraturstudie samt halvstrukturerade intervjuer med verksamma från olika sektorer inom natur- och friluftslivssektorn. I studien utgör den digitala karttjänsten Naturkartan en fallstudie, delvis representerades digitaliseringen i stort. Resultaten visar att naturvistelsen kan relateras till ökat miljöengagemang genom att öka naturintresset och ge ökad samhörighetskänsla med naturen. Digitala tjänster i sig kan bidra till att främja människors kontakt med naturen genom att utgöra fler källor för information om naturområden och genom att öka tillfredsställelsen av naturvistelser. Mycket av Naturkartans potential verkar vara relaterad till en långsiktig expansion eftersom det har ett samband med den samverkansturktur som underbygger tjänsten liksom den sociala gemenskap som utgör en viktig fördel. Digitala verktyg bör kunna anses ha potential för att främja naturvistelser för de som annars sällan vistas i naturen genom att utgöra fler informationskällor och genom att vara tillgängliga i mobiltelefoner. Samtidigt identifieras en risk för att dessa typer av tjänster kan ha svårt att nå ut till de som inte vanligtvis vistas i naturen. Vidare indikerade studien att olika natursyner kan aktiveras vid olika situationer. När de positiva effekter som kan erhållas av naturvistelser diskuterades bland verksamma verkade en annan natursyn aktiveras än när diskussionerna rörde den naturrelation som människan bör ha. Detta betraktas som motsägelsefullt men kan förklaras genom skillnader mellan personliga uppfattningar och den taktik som används för att främja hållbarhet. Utifrån resultatet av studien föreslås en ökad reflektion inom natur- och friluftslivssektorn kring hur naturen talas om liksom hur den framställs.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Abshirini, Ehsan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Geoinformatik.
    Koch, Daniel
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Arkitektur, Stadsbyggnad.
    Legeby, Ann
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Arkitektur, Stadsbyggnad.
    Flood Resilient Cities: A Syntactic and Metric Novel on Measuring the Resilience of Cities against Flooding, Gothenburg, Sweden2017Inngår i: Journal of Geographic Information System, ISSN 2151-1950, E-ISSN 2151-1969, Vol. 9, s. 505-534Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Flooding is one of the most destructive natural disasters which have rapidly been growing in frequency and intensity all over the world. In this view, assessment of the resilience of the city against such disturbances is of high necessity in order to significantly mitigate the disaster effects of flooding on the city structures and the human lives. The aim of this paper is to develop a method to assess the resilience of a river city (the city of Gothenburg in Sweden), which is prone to flood Hazard, against such disturbances. By simulating flood inundation with different return periods, in the first step, the areas of impact are determined. To assess the resilience, two different methods are followed. One is a syntactic method grounded in the foreground network in space syntax theory and the other is based on measuring accessibility to the essential amenities in the city. In the first method, similarity and sameness parameters are defined to quantitatively measure the syntactic resilience in the city. In the next step, accessibility to amenities and the minimum distance to amenities before and after each disturbance is measured. The results, in general, show that such disturbances affect the city structure and the resilience of the city differently. For instance, the city is more resilient after flooding ac- cording to accessibility measures. This clearly means that the answer to the question of resilience is mainly dependent on “resilience of what and for what.”

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Abshirini et al - Flood Resilient Cities
  • 26.
    Absillis, Eline
    KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC).
    How Can Event Companies Use Facebook’s Ad Manager to Optimise the Click-Through-Rates of their Native Instagram Ads?2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    Marketers have come to realise that an abundance of potential customers can be reached through Facebook advertising. Although a new player, Instagram is quickly catching up to Facebook’s success with its native ads. Despite this, there is a scarcity in the amount of academic literature that explores the use of them. This thesis aims to rectify that, by contributing to the academic discourse surrounding Instagram ads.

    Shownight, a live event promotion company, had yet to run ads on Instagram. Using split-testing, this thesis was aimed to figure out which ad features generated the highest click-through-rates. The tests were carried out through Facebook’s ad manager. Although a unique platform, functioning with both drawbacks and benefits, it provided this study with an efficient tool to split-test ads.

    The results from this study demonstrated Instagram to be a suitable platform on which to advertise live events. Furthermore, the findings revealed targeting through lookalikes as well as behaviour, results in the highest click-through-rate. Moreover, using a video with 4 hashtags for lookalikes targeting, and an image with up to 3 hashtags for behaviour targeting, were the best ad set combinations. A call-to-action, portraying some degree of urgency, should also be employed within the caption.

    Nevertheless, this study has its limitations. Including being restricted demographically, as well as being confined to Shownight’s target audience, and advertising content. Furthermore, Facebook’s ad manager poses its own limitations as a split-testing platform, in terms of even audience distribution. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH). Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Anund, A.
    Fors, C.
    Seoane, Fernando
    KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), Medicinsk teknik, Data- och elektroteknik. Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Lindecrantz, Kaj
    KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), Medicinsk teknik, Data- och elektroteknik. Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Association of drivers’ sleepiness with heart rate variability: A pilot study with drivers on real roads2017Inngår i: EMBEC & NBC 2017, Springer, 2017, Vol. 65, s. 149-152Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Vehicle crashes lead to huge economic and social consequences, and one non-negligible cause of accident is driver sleepiness. Driver sleepiness analysis based on the monitoring of vehicle acceleration, steering and deviation from the road or physiological and behavioral monitoring of the driver, e.g., monitoring of yawning, head pose, eye blinks and eye closures, electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, electromyogram and electrocardiogram (ECG), have been used as a part of sleepiness alert systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a potential method for monitoring of driver sleepiness. Despite previous positive reports from the use of HRV for sleepiness detection, results are often inconsistent between studies. In this work, we have re-evaluated the feasibility of using HRV for detecting drivers’ sleepiness during real road driving. A database consists of ECG measurements from 10 drivers, driving during morning, afternoon and night sessions on real road were used. Drivers have reported their average sleepiness level by using the Karolinska sleepiness scale once every five minutes. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the potential of HRV indexes to distinguish between alert, first signs of sleepiness and severe sleepiness states. The results suggest that individual subjects show different reactions to sleepiness, which produces an individual change in HRV indicators. The results motivate future work for more personalized approaches in sleepiness detection.

  • 28.
    Abu Sa'a, Ehab
    et al.
    Linköping University.
    Asplund, Fredrik
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Maskinkonstruktion, Mekatronik och inbyggda styrsystem.
    Enabling knowledge sharing in university-cross-industry competence centres2023Inngår i: Proceedings of European Academy of Management (EURAM) 2023: Transforming Business for Good, Dublin, Ireland, 2023Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    University competence centres (UCCs) are created to enhance university-industry collaboration and knowledge sharing among collaborating partners. This study investigates the organisation of knowledge sharing among firms in UCCs through a qualitative case study of UCCs with or without a focus on research in their activities. Data collection was done through interviews and observations over a period of 24 months. While the findings indicate that both types of UCCs are non-neutral, they also reveal several different characteristics that appear primarily based on a strong tie either to the first (education) or the second (research) mission of academia. Although both types of UCCs act to build a common meaning among participating organisations, the focus on the first or the second mission leads to this meaning is primarily being constructed in the firm-to-firm or university-to-firm interfaces, respectively. Whereas cross-industry knowledge sharing is emphasised by both types of centres, it is thus more strongly emphasised by UCCs without a focus on research as it helps to avoid harmful effects of knowledge spillovers. The focus on the first mission also appears able to sustain the organisation of knowledge ecosystems created by UCCs without a focus on research in a prefigurative form, which is otherwise typically transient. Furthermore, the challenges to sustainability are different, with centres focused on research being pre-occupied with funding issues, while centres not focused on research leveraging on others means to maintain the interest of industry. The findings contribute to innovation management research and practice by refining current understanding of processes and practices of university-industry collaboration, and how they contribute to facilitate (cross-industry) collaboration and knowledge transfer. Given that university-industry collaboration is often promoted in national innovation policies to create value for society as whole, our findings contribute towards enabling organisations, managers as well as governments to take more informed actions when engaging in such collaborations.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 29.
    Ackebo, Jonas
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Miljöstrategisk analys.
    Cykelplanering ur ett lokalt perspektiv: Hur Danderyds kommun kan arbeta för att underlätta en ökning av andelen cykelresor2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
  • 30.
    Ackebo, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Brandt, Anna-Clara
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Dobraja, Kristine
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Isaksson, Sarah
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Liebmann, Andrew
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Lindberg, Anna
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Lundgren, Monia
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Song, Meng
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Svenfelt, Åsa
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Zachrisson, Maja
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    What is the potential to create a just social-ecological in Fisksätra/Saltsjöbaden?: Report from the Ecosystem support and Environmental Justice course (AG2803)2013Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 31. Acs, Zoltan
    et al.
    Braunerhjelm, Pontus
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Centra, Centrum för studier inom vetenskap och innovation, CESIS. KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Samhällsekonomi.
    The Entrepreneruship-Philanthropy Nexus: Implication for internationalization2005Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines how Sweden and the United States have been impacted by philanthropicactivities, commercialization of university-based knowledge and internationalentrepreneurship. The analysis comprises a detailed case study of Swedish and U.S.universities, as well as a statistical analysis of the impact of philanthropy on economicgrowth. The results show that the United States has prompted a university system based oncompetition and variety, with an emphasis on philanthropy, promoting knowledge creation.International entrepreneurship has been an important mechanism by which this knowledge isglobalized leading to increased economic growth. Conversely, Swedish universities werecharacterized by less commercialized R&D and weak links to the commercial sector, rootedtraditionally in dependence on tax-financed and homogenous university structure. TheSwedish model has begun to change with important implications for development in smallerdomestic markets. The analysis has important implications for knowledge creation as asource of economic growth through international entrepreneurship taking advantage ofglobalization, especially for smaller countries.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    CESISWP34
  • 32. Acs, Zoltan J.
    et al.
    Audretsch, David B.
    Braunerhjelm, Pontus
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Samhällsekonomi.
    Carlsson, Bo
    Growth and entrepreneurship2012Inngår i: Small Business Economics, ISSN 0921-898X, E-ISSN 1573-0913, Vol. 39, nr 2, s. 289-300Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we suggest that the spillover of knowledge may not occur automatically as typically assumed in models of endogenous growth. Rather, a mechanism is required to serve as a conduit for the spillover and commercialization of knowledge from the source creating it, to the firms actually commercializing the new ideas. In this paper, entrepreneurship is identified as one such mechanism facilitating the spillover of knowledge. Using a panel of entrepreneurship data from 18 countries, we provide empirical evidence that, in addition to measures of Research & Development and human capital, entrepreneurial activity also serves to promote economic growth.

  • 33. Acs, Zoltan J.
    et al.
    Braunerhjelm, Pontus
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.).
    Karlsson, Charlie
    Phillipe Aghion: recipient of the 2016 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research2016Inngår i: Small Business Economics, ISSN 0921-898X, E-ISSN 1573-0913Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Professor Philippe Aghion is the 2016 recipient of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research, consisting of 100,000 Euros and a statuette designed by the internationally renowned Swedish sculptor Carl Milles. He is one of the most influential researchers worldwide in economics in the last couple of decades. His research has advanced our understanding of the relationship between firm-level innovation, entry and exit on the one hand, and productivity and growth on the other. Aghion has thus accomplished to bridge theoretical macroeconomic growth models with a more complete and consistent microeconomic setting. He is one of the founding fathers of the pioneering and original contribution referred to as Schumpeterian growth theory. Philippe Aghion has not only contributed with more sophisticated theoretical models, but also provided empirical evidence regarding the importance of entrepreneurial endeavours for societal prosperity, thereby initiating a more nuanced policy discussion concerning the interdependencies between entrepreneurship, competition, wealth and growth.

  • 34.
    Adam, Achamyeleh Gashu
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Fastighetsvetenskap. Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia .
    Informal settlements in the peri-urban areas of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: An institutional analysis2014Inngår i: Habitat International, ISSN 0197-3975, E-ISSN 1873-5428, Vol. 43, s. 90-97Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Peri-urban land which has been used predominantly for agricultural purposes and held by local farmers is a target area for informal settlements in Ethiopia. An increasing number of people try to solve their housing needs by getting a plot of land informally in the transitional peri-urban areas. The purpose of this study is to explore the principal actors involved in the informal conversion of peri-urban agricultural land into urban built-up property. This study is also aimed at demonstrating the role of non-state institutions in facilitating informal acquisition and development of peri-urban plots. Both questionnaire and document analysis were the main sources of data for this study. The result of this study indicated that traditional social institutions played a significant role in processing peri-urban informal settlements and stabilizing land related conflicts by social sanction measures. The study has also found out that the process of acquiring a plot of land from peri-urban areas passes through its own stages which mainly start with identifying a plot for sale and ends with the confirmation of traditional letter of agreement signed by transacting parties without legal ground to do so.

  • 35. Adam, F.
    et al.
    Westlund, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Urbana och regionala studier. Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden .
    Introduction: The meaning and importance of socio-cultural context for innovation performance2013Inngår i: Innovation in Socio-Cultural Context, Taylor & Francis, 2013, s. 1-21Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 36. Adams, Sophie
    et al.
    Kuch, Declan
    Diamond, Lisa
    Fröhlich, Peter
    Henriksen, Ida-Marie
    Katzeff, Cecilia
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Strategiska hållbarhetsstudier.
    Ryghaug, Marianne
    Yilmaz, Selin
    Social license to automate: A critical review of emerging approaches to electricity demand management2021Inngår i: Energy Research & Social Science, ISSN 2214-6296, E-ISSN 2214-6326, Vol. 80, nr October, s. 102210-12, artikkel-id https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.20102210Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

     Electricity demand-side management (DSM) programs are becoming increasingly important to energy system managers in advanced industrialized countries, especially those with high renewable energy penetration. As energy user participation is paramount for their success but has proven to be difficult to obtain, we explore the usefulness of the ‘social license’ concept, originally developed in the mining sector, to refer to the process of creating acceptance in DSM programs aimed at managing or controlling household energy resources such EVs, batteries, and heating and cooling devices. We argue that analyzing the attainment or lack of ‘social license’ may be useful to energy policy-makers and researchers for understanding public concerns with not only supply-side energy resources, but also DSM. We do so by (1) drawing attention to potential frictions between demands for flexibility on the one hand and social practices and habits on the other; (2) attending to the ways that users’ engagement in DSM programs is influenced by their sense of control and agency, and their trust in program providers; and (3) exploring the ways that users may understand their stake in the energy system and may participate in programs as collectives rather than simply as individuals. We argue that a ‘social license to automate’ could not only describe a set of tools to manage participation in DSM projects, but rather assess the ways users effectively feel part of new energy systems designed to serve them. 

  • 37. Adamson, G.
    et al.
    Wang, Lihui
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell produktion.
    Holm, M.
    The state of the art of cloud manufacturing and future trends2013Inngår i: ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference Collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference, MSEC 2013, 2013, Vol. 2, artikkel-id MSEC2013-1123Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cloud manufacturing has emerged as a new manufacturing paradigm, which combines technologies (such as Internet of Things, Cloud computing, semantic Web, virtualisation and service-oriented technologies) with advanced manufacturing models, information and communication technologies. It aims to be networked, intelligent, service-oriented, knowledge-based and energy efficient, and promises a variety of benefits and advantages by providing fast, reliable and secure on-demand services for users. It is envisioned that companies in all sectors of manufacturing will be able to package their resources and know-hows in the Cloud, making them conveniently available for others through pay-as-you-go, which is also timely and economically attractive. Resources, e.g. manufacturing software tools, applications, knowledge and fabrication capabilities, will then be made accessible to presumptive consumers on a worldwide basis. After surveying a vast array of available publications, this paper presents an up-to-date literature review together with future trends and research directions in Cloud manufacturing.

  • 38. Addessi, A. R.
    et al.
    Anelli, F.
    Benghi, D.
    Friberg, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Tal, musik och hörsel, TMH.
    Corrigendum: Child-computer interaction at the beginner stage of music learning: Effects of reflexive interaction on children's musical improvisation [Front. Psychol.8 (2017)(65)]. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.000652017Inngår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 8, nr MAR, artikkel-id 399Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A corrigendum on Corrigendum: Child-Computer Interaction at the Beginner Stage of Music Learning: Effects of Reflexive Interaction on Children's Musical Improvisation by Addessi, A. R., Anelli, F., Benghi, D., and Friberg, A. (2017). Front. Psychol. 8:65. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00065 In the original article, there was an error. "she plays C3" was used instead of "it plays C3." A correction has been made to Observation and Theoretical Framework of Reflexive Interaction, paragraph 3: The little girl plays two consecutive notes, C2 and A2, and then stops to wait for the response of the system. The system responds by repeating the same notes. The child then play a single note, G2, and the system responds with a single note but this time introduces a variation: it plays C3, thus introducing a higher register. The girl, following the change introduced by the system, moves toward the higher register and plays a variant of the initial pattern, namely: D2-A2-E2-C3, and introduces a particular rhythm pattern. This "reflexive" event marks the beginning of a dialogue based on repetition and variation: the rhythmic-melodic pattern will be repeated and varied by both the system and the child in consecutive exchanges, until acquiring the form of a complete musical phrase. At some point in the dialogue, the child begins to accompany the system's response with arm movements synchronized with the rhythmic-melodic patterns, creating a kind of music-motor composition. In addition, EG1 and EG2 are incorrectly referred to within the text. A correction has been made to Duet Task, sub-section Results for Each Evaluative Criterion of the Duet Task, paragraph Reflexive Interaction: The data of Reflexive Interaction show that the EG2 obtained the highest score (4.17), followed by the CG (3.33) and the EG1 (2.61); see Table 6 and Figure 7. The difference between EG2, which only use the system with reflexive interaction, and EG1, which did not use the system with reflexive interaction, is significant (p = 0.043). Therefore, it could be said that the use of MIROR-Impro can enhance the use of the reflexive behaviors: mirroring, turn-taking, and co-regulation. We observed a statistically significant correlation between the Reflexive Interaction and the total score (r = 0.937; p < 0.01), and all other evaluative criteria, with correlations ranging from r = 0.87 (p < 0.01) for Musical Quality to r = 0.92 (p < 0.01) for Musical Organization. Thus, the higher the children's use of reflexive interaction, the better their results in each criterion and in the ability to improvise. This result can support the hypothesis that reflexive interaction is a fundamental component of musical improvised dialog. Instead, although the differences between the CG and the Experimental Groups 1 and 2 indicate that the use of the MIROR Impro appears to be "necessary" (CG > EG1) and "sufficient" (CG < EG2) to improve the ability to improvise, we cannot generalize these results because the results are not statistically significant (t-test, comparing CG and EG1: p = 0.388; CG and EG2: p = 0.285). Finally, due to the resolution of Figures 5-9 being low, they have been replaced with new figures with a higher resolution. The corrected Figures, Figures 5-9 appear below. The authors apologize for these errors and state that these do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.

  • 39. Addessi, Anna Rita
    et al.
    Anelli, Filomena
    Benghi, Diber
    Friberg, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Tal, musik och hörsel, TMH.
    Child-Computer Interaction at the Beginner Stage of Music Learning: Effects of Reflexive Interaction on Children's Musical Improvisation2017Inngår i: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 8, artikkel-id 65Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article childrens musical improvisation is investigated through the reflexive interaction paradigm. We used a particular system, the MIROR-Impro, implemented in the framework of the MIROR project (EC-FP7), which is able to reply to the child playing a keyboard by a reflexive output, mirroring (with repetitions and variations) her/his inputs. The study was conducted in a public primary school, with 47 children, aged 6-7. The experimental design used the convergence procedure, based on three sample groups allowing us to verify if the reflexive interaction using the MIROR-Impro is necessary and/or sufficient to improve the childrens abilities to improvise. The following conditions were used as independent variables: to play only the keyboard, the keyboard with the MIROR-Impro but with not-reflexive reply, the keyboard with the MIROR-Impro with reflexive reply. As dependent variables we estimated the childrens ability to improvise in solos, and in duets. Each child carried out a training program consisting of 5 weekly individual 12 min sessions. The control group played the complete package of independent variables; Experimental Group 1 played the keyboard and the keyboard with the MIROR-Impro with not-reflexive reply; Experimental Group 2 played only the keyboard with the reflexive system. One week after, the children were asked to improvise a musical piece on the keyboard alone (Solo task), and in pairs with a friend (Duet task). Three independent judges assessed the Solo and the Duet tasks by means of a grid based on the TAI-Test for Ability to Improvise rating scale. The EG2, which trained only with the reflexive system, reached the highest average results and the difference with EG1, which did not used the reflexive system, is statistically significant when the children improvise in a duet. The results indicate that in the sample of participants the reflexive interaction alone could be sufficient to increase the improvisational skills, and necessary when they improvise in duets. However, these results are in general not statistically significant. The correlation between Reflexive Interaction and the ability to improvise is statistically significant. The results are discussed on the light of the recent literature in neuroscience and music education.

  • 40.
    Adelstrand, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Industriell marknadsföring.
    Brostedt, Emil
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), Industriell marknadsföring.
    Creating Competitive Advantage by Rethinking B2B Software Pricing2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    The choice of pricing model for software products is a complex procedure due to the different characteristics compared to physical products.

    This thesis investigates and compares software pricing models in a B2B setting, and describes how KAM plays a role in executing a pricing model. The research has been conducted as an opportunist case study on Adebro, a technology company in the B2B sector. The thesis have come to the following conclusions, with data from interviews and literature:

    • Perpetual license is, and will continue to be, an attractive pricing model for Adebro. However, a subscription-based usage independent pricing model is also attractive for the future.
    • Implications of switching pricing model would be largest when changing between a perpetual and subscription model, where revenue will have the most visual impact.
    • The most important task for KAM is to communicate the change to current and new customers. KAM and the pricing model must also be structured to support each other to be successful.

    The thesis contributes to science by providing research on pricing models for manufacturing related software. However, studies concerning the weighting of importance for different pricing parameters would be of interest for the future.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    MasterThesis
  • 41.
    Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö.
    Geneletti, Davide
    An Operational Approach for Watershed Investments2020Inngår i: Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security: Concepts and Applications in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cham: Springer Nature , 2020Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter focuses on Watershed Investments for securing water for cities. It starts with a brief account of the application of ecosystem services for decision-making and a theoretical background of boundary work. Accordingly, it proposes an operational approach developed for designing and assessing impact of watershed iInvestments to secure water for cities. The developed approach distin- guishes between a “strategic” and a “technical” component. The strategic component identifies as key inputs of the process of Watershed Investment design and assess- ment, the definition of objectives and visioning of feasible and desirable scenarios by stakeholders. The technical component applies spatially explicit modelling to design Watershed Investments, hence to model the impacts on selected ecosystem services. The chapter concludes highlighting the potential of the approach to contribute to adaptive management in the urban water sector, by addressing the challenges of linking diverse stakeholders and knowledge system across management levels and institutional boundaries.

  • 42. Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    Geneletti, Davide
    Challenges for Water Security in Asmara, Eritrea2020Inngår i: Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security: Concepts and Applications in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cham: Springer Nature , 2020Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter presents a case study of urban water sector selected to apply a novel approach for designing and assessing impacts ofWatershed Investments and more generally to explore the challenges of urban water security in a Sub-Saharan Africa context characterized by limited resources. The case is about the city of Asmara—the city capital of Eritrea—and its main water supply, the Toker water- shed. The chapter illustrates the main socio-ecological challenges and opportunities for promoting adaptive management in the case study. In particular, to illustrate contextual and contingent factors characterizing the case study, three examples of ongoing soil and water conservation activities are presented. The chapter concludes with a focus on the Asmara Water Supply Department (AWSD), a key stakeholder in the selected case study. Specifically, the AWSD is analysed through an approach for conceptualizing water utilities as “learning organization” and assessing their institutional capacity.

  • 43.
    Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö.
    Geneletti, Davide
    Conclusions2020Inngår i: Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security: Concepts and Applications in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cham: Springer Nature , 2020Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter summarizes the main messages of the book, as well as dis- cusses the challenges for future research and practice to contribute to achieving water security and to implementing adaptive management in the urban water sector. Briefly, the first main message is that achieving urbanwater security through adaptive watershed planning and management, in Sub-Saharan Africa context, is a complex issue. Thus, an intuitive and flexible conceptual framework of the urban water sector from an ecosystem services perspective was proposed. It provides an overview of the main challenges and trends that characterize the sector, highlighting the specificities of the Sub-Saharan context, setting the background for further analysis. Second, if properly designed, Watershed Investments can become an important financial and governance mechanism to promote the implementation of adaptive watershed man- agement to achieve urban water security. Third, a good case study application, even if only based on desk research, can serve to inspire stakeholder and possibly prepare the ground for real-life implementation of science-informed measures to promote urban water security alongside other social goals, coordinating ongoing watershed initiatives.

  • 44.
    Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö.
    Geneletti, Davide
    Designing Watershed Investments for Asmara and the Toker Watershed2020Inngår i: Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security: Concepts and Applications in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cham: Springer Nature , 2020Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter presents an application of a novel operational approach for designing and assessing the impacts ofWatershed Investments, developed in Chap. 3, to the Asmara and Toker Watershed case study. Assuming urban water security and rural poverty alleviation as two objectives for Watershed Investments, the case study application explores all the steps ofthe proposed approach. The results ofthe applica- tion include spatially explicit data that allowquantitatively assessing the performance of differentWatershed Investment scenarios in terms of changes in a selected ecosys- tem service, answering to important planning and management questions. The appli- cation to the Asmara and Toker Watershed case study also highlights the challenges of addressing stakeholders’ concerns through relevant boundary work strategies.

  • 45. Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    Geneletti⁠, Davide
    Ecosystem services for urban water security.: Concepts and applications in Sub-Saharan Africa2020 (oppl. 1)Bok (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The book addresses the challenges of urban water security and adaptive management in Sub-Saharan Africa, exploring and interlinking novel concepts of ecosystems services, watershed investments, and boundary work. Specifically, the book’s goals are to (i) present a conceptual framework for the urban water sector from an ecosystem services perspective, highlighting the specificities of the Sub-Saharan context; (ii) develop an operational approach to designing and assessing the impacts of watershed investments, based on ecosystem services and boundary work; and (iii) test the approach through a case study in Asmara, Eritrea, and discuss the findings and lessons learned that can be applied in other contexts. 

    Through a fully worked out case study, from identification of water challenges and opportunities to spatially explicit modelling, the book offers a sound and accessible, coverage of issues and proposed solutions to better operationalize ecosystem services, watershed investments and boundary work, to promote adaptive management, and achieve water security in the context of rapidly developing cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The book is an effective tool for capacity building of diverse stakeholders on the urban water sector, including water managers, local and national policy-makers as well as a suitable resource for both undergraduate and post-graduate courses in planning and geography.

  • 46.
    Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö. Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
    Geneletti, Davide
    Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
    Introduction2020Inngår i: Ecosystem Services for Urban Water Security: Concepts and Applications in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cham: Springer Nature , 2020Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This chapter sets the context of the book by providing a brief account of the challenges and opportunities of urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on the urban water sector. Watershed investments are here emphasized as a promising opportunity to effect large-scale transformative change promoting human wellbeing while conserving life-supporting ecosystems. The chapter concludes by illustrating the three specific objectives of the book.

  • 47. Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    Geneletti, Davide
    Knowledge transfer and capacity building: an example from the urban water sector2018Inngår i: JUNCO Journal of Universities and international development Cooperation, ISSN 2531-8772, Vol. 1, nr 1Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Rural-to-urban migration and sustained natural population growth in Africa, if not properly addressed, may pose serious threat to ecosystems and human wellbeing, both locally and afar. Novel concepts and operative approaches are needed to better frame these challenges and support local decision-making processes, to promote sustainable development. Indeed, this is a key area in which the Academia can make a significant contribution, for example, exploring innovative concepts and developing related approaches to support decision-making processes at a local scale. This paper focuses on the urban water sector as an informative example, ultimately aiming to highlight key areas in which research can provide concrete and valuable assistance. More specifically, we introduce two innovative concepts, i.e. ecosystem services and boundary work; hence propose an operative approach to support the process of design and assessment of the impact of watershed investments. To illustrate real-life implementation of the approach in a data scarce context in sub-Saharan Africa, we consider as a case study soil erosion and water scarcity-related challenges affecting Asmara, a medium-sized city in Eritrea. Accordingly, we adopt urban water security and rural poverty alleviation as two illustrative objectives, within a ten-year planning horizon. The case study application resulted in spatially explicit outputs that inform decision-making processes. By timely addressing stakeholders' concerns of credibility, saliency, and legitimacy, the proposed approach is expected to facilitate negotiation of objectives, definition of scenarios, and assessment of alternative watershed investments. Above all, and beyond the urban water sector, the case study application helps highlighting key areas in which the academic work can make concrete contribution mainly in terms of knowledge transfer and capacity building.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 48.
    Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    Univ Trento, Dept Civil Environm & Mech Engn, Trento, Italy..
    Geneletti, Davide
    Multi-criteria decision analysis for nature conservation: A review of 20 years of applications2018Inngår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, E-ISSN 2041-210X, Vol. 9, s. 42-53Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    1. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a method to support decision-making, by exploring the balance between the pros and cons of different alternatives to ac- complish a specific goal. It assists in framing decision problems, illustrating the per- formance of alternatives across criteria, exploring trade-offs, formulating a decision and testing its robustness. This paper provides a structured review of empirical applications of MCDA to nature conservation published in the scientific literature over the last 20 years. The paper aims at taking stock of past experiences, and comparing them with best practices and common pitfalls identified in the literature, to provide recommendations for better MCDA application to conservation.

    2. The review follows the structure of a generalized MCDA process consisting of three key stages: (1) decision context and problem structuring, (2) analysis and (3) decision.

    3. The search identified 86 papers that describe MCDA applications to a range of top- ics, including conservation prioritization and planning; protected areas management and zoning; forest management and restoration; and mapping of biodiversity, naturalness and wilder. The results show that, concerning problem structuring, a small percentage of the reviewed MCDA engaged stakeholders other than the authors in identifying alternatives and formulating criteria (15% and 35% respectively). Concerning the analysis, criteria assessment was adequately justified by the authors (47%), at times also by involving other stakeholders (22%). Weighting was per- formed in almost all applications, whereas criteria aggregation was mostly based on the weighted linear combination (63%). Sensitivity analysis was largely overlooked (57%). Concerning decision, 45% of the articles provided only an overall ranking or suitability of alternatives, while 22% included additional rankings according to spe- cific criterion, and 8% further analyses and clustering of stakeholders’ preferences.

    4. The paper concludes by suggesting key elements of successful MCDA applications, including clear construction of the decision context; collaborative identification of alternatives and criteria that reflect the values at stake; adequate justification and communication of the methods for criteria assessment and weighting; reasoned choice of the criteria aggregation method, and comprehensive sensitivity analysis.

  • 49.
    Adem Esmail, Blal
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö.
    Suleiman, Lina
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Urbana och regionala studier.
    Analyzing Evidence of Sustainable Urban Water Management Systems: A Review through the Lenses of Sociotechnical Transitions2020Inngår i: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 12, nr 11, s. 4481-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainability concerns and multiple socio‐environmental pressures have necessitated a shift towards Sustainable Urban Water Management (SUWM) systems. Viewing SUWM systems as sociotechnical, this paper departs from eight factors previously identified by transition research: Pressures, Context, Purposes, Actors, Instruments, Processes, Outputs, and Outcomes as a methodological framework for a structured review of 100 articles. The study seeks to analyze empirical cases of planning and implementing SUWM systems worldwide. A wide range of public actors—driven by social and environmental factors rather than by economic pressures—have initiated SUWM projects so as to locally fulfill defined social and environmental purposes. We provide evidence on the emergence of new actors, such as experts, users, and private developers, as well as on the diverse and innovative technical and societal instruments used to promote and implement SUWM systems. We also explore their contexts and institutional capacity to deal with pressures and to mobilize significant financial and human resources, which is in itself vital for the transition to SUWM. Planned or implemented SUWM outputs are divided into green (wet ponds, raingardens, and green roofs) and gray (rain barrels and porous pavements) measures. The outcomes of SUWM projects— in terms of societal and technical learning, and their institutional uptakes—are often implicit or lacking, which seemingly reduces the rate of desirable change.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 50.
    Adenfelt, Maria
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.).
    Lagerström, K.
    Organizational rejuvenation for knowledge exploitation: Exploring corporate entrepreneurship in an MNE2006Inngår i: Journal of International Entrepreneurship, ISSN 1570-7385, E-ISSN 1573-7349, Vol. 4, nr 2-3, s. 83-98Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this paper is to study how organizational rejuvenation is used to increase and support knowledge exploitation in multinational enterprises. Using case-study data to explore the theoretical arguments, interesting findings emerge. The main finding is that entrepreneurial activities in IT industry enable organizational rejuvenation with repercussions beyond the focal function. Other findings relate to how corporate entrepreneurship activities provide possibilities for continuous knowledge exploitation within the MNE and how entrepreneurial groups inside MNEs form the foundation from which the organizational rejuvenation originates. Finally, the form of organizational rejuvenation studied embraced both structural and behavioral changes.

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