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  • 1.
    Almén, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    Larsson, Tore J
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    Possibilities for designers to reduce the risk of work injury in the production phase of a building project2010In: On the Road to Vision Zero?: Construction, 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    (71) Possibilities for designers to reduce the risk of work injury in the production phase of a building project. Lena Almén, Tore J Larsson, (School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden) Work related injuries and diseases are more frequent among construction workers than the labour market in average. Thus, there is a need of more preventive work during the design and planning phase. Two building projects, both productions of new apartment buildings with a design and construct contractor, were studied. Unsafe conditions were identified by workers and managers at the construction sites. The unsafe conditions were presented to the designers and planners. They were asked to describe the correlated decisions during the design and planning phase; when they were taken, why and by whom.

    Influence from outside the company was related to the clients, the town planning department, laws, a trade association and to the design of building products. The managers at the construction sites did not get any information, from the designers and planners, of what occupational risks there were in any of the projects. The routines for how to identify and handle hazards in the designing and planning phase were not sufficient. Furthermore, the designers explained, that they did not have enough competence in construction methods to be able to foresee occupational consequences at the construction sites when they designed rare constructions. The designers and planners did not follow up occupational risks at any of the construction sites. In order to get a safer working environment at construction sites, the top managers in the building companies need to define the acceptable safety level and put the safety issue on the agenda for all employees in the company, along with quality, costs and time schedule. Safety need to be communicated with those outside the company who have an influence on the working environment, and included in contracts with consultants, subcontractors and suppliers.

  • 2.
    Andersson, Susanne
    et al.
    Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik.
    Sjöberg Forssberg, Karin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Lärande organisation med mottaglighet för innovation2018In: Den lärande organisationen 2.0. / [ed] Otto Granberg & Jon Ohlsson, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB, 2018, 1:1, p. 185-207Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Andreasson, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH).
    Organizational preconditions and supportive resources for Swedish healthcare managers.: Factors that contribute to or counteract changes2018Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Swedish Healthcare managers’ organizational preconditions and supportive resources are important for their ability to work with planned change in a sustainable way. This thesis further investigates these factors together with an output measure, healthcare process quality (HPQ).

    The overall aim was to investigate how healthcare managers’ organizational preconditions and support contribute to or counteract managers’ work with planned change in order to implement process development in a sustainable way. Specific aims were: to improve knowledge of managers’ views of and approaches to increasing their employees’ influence on and engagement in models for improving care processes (study I); to investigate relationships among managers’ organizational preconditions, support, and work to improve quality of care and HPQ over time (study II); to investigate whether managers’ coaching style, preconditions, implementation strategy, appraisal of change, and clinical autonomy are associated with HPQ (study III ); and to assess the influence of support from superiors, colleagues, external sources, subordinates, and private life on managers’ own health (study IV ).

    The data for Studies I – III came from five hospitals collected over a three-year period. The data were collected by means of interviews (Study I, qualitative analysis) and annual questionnaires (Studies II and III, quantitative and mixed-method analyses). The data for Study IV were based on questionnaires administered to first- and second-line managers in municipal care, twice during a two-year period.

    The results revealed that the healthcare managers were key actors in implementing planned change, but were dependent on their employees’ engagement in order to succeed. Managers’ appraisal of work with planned change became more positive with strong support from other managers, employees, and the organization as well as with long managerial experience. Support from private life and networks, as well as the managers’ attitudes towards their managerial role, predicted their own health. For new managers or managers with many employees, organizational support predicted their health-related sustainability. Managers practising a more distanced style of coaching (e.g., clearly delegating responsibility for implementation work to employees) were associated with better HPQ outcomes than were managers who were more involved in implementation. In conclusion, implementation of planned change are facilitated by, engaged managers, employees with knowledge of implementation work and of the healthcare system, as well as organizational structures that support the managers. Strong support from various sources as well as managerial experience are important for managers’ appraisal of work with planned change. Strong managerial support and a more delegated leadership style are both important factors related to higher estimated HPQ.

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  • 4.
    Andreasson, Jörgen
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH).
    Ljungar, Erik
    Ahlstrom, Linda
    Hermansson, Jonas
    Dellve, Lotta
    Professional Bureaucracy and Health Care Managers’Planned Change Strategies: Governance in SwedishHealth Care2018In: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, E-ISSN 2245-0157, Vol. 8, no 1, p. 23-41Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To increase efficiency and quality, process development has been implemented in many Swedish

    hospitals. These hospitals are usually organized as professional bureaucracies in which

    health care managers have limited decision control. The new governance principles has been

    implemented without removing bureaucratic elements. This study analyzes how managers implement

    planned change in these professional bureaucracies, considering if managers coaching

    style, organizational preconditions, implementation strategy, appraisal of change and clinic autonomy,

    is associated with health care process quality (HPQ). The study is based on interviews

    with health care managers and longitudinal assessments of HPQ. The results revealed significant

    differences between coaching style, organizational preconditions, and HPQ over time. The

    conclusion is that leadership and preconditions is of importance for the health care manager’s

    ability to work with planned change, as that the health care managers understand how management

    methods, governance principles, and professional bureaucracies work in practice.

  • 5.
    Antonsson Lundberg, Ann-Beth
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics. IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet AB.
    Företagshälsovård2014In: Människan i arbetslivet: Teori och praktik / [ed] Eva Holmström, Kerstina Olsson, Lund: Studentlitteratur AB , 2014, 2:1, p. 199-223Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Dynamics.
    Tidens inverkan på organisering och organisationer2006In: Den nya arbetsdelningen: arbets- och näringslivets organisatoriska omvandling i tid, rum och tal / [ed] Eskil Ekstedt, Elisabeth Sundin, Stockholm: Arbetslivsinstiutet , 2006, no 11, p. 29-54Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Backlander, Gisela
    et al.
    Swedish Sch Sport & Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Med Management Ctr, Solna, Sweden..
    Falten, Rebecca
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Psychol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Bodin Danielsson, Christina
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Toivanen, Susanna
    Mälardalen Univ, Sch Hlth Care & Social Welf, Västerås, Sweden..
    Richter, Anne
    Swedish Sch Sport & Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Med Management Ctr, Solna, Sweden..
    Development and Validation of a Multi-Dimensional Measure of Activity-Based Working Behaviors2021In: Frontiers in Psychology, E-ISSN 1664-1078, Vol. 12, article id 655881Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most work on activity-based working centers on the physical environment and digital technologies enabling flexible working. While important, we believe the key components for implementing activity-based working are employee and manager behaviors. To measure the degree of enactment of activity-based work, based on workshops with experienced practitioners as well as previous literature, we have developed and validated a behavior-focused measure of activity-based working behaviors. In our initial sample (Sample 1, N = 234), three subscales were identified: task - environment crafting, workday planning, and social needs prioritization. In the replication sample (Sample 2, N = 434), this model also showed adequate fit. Moreover, task - environment crafting was related to general health and lower stress in sample 1 (multi-organization sample), but not in the single-organization sample (sample 2). Workday planning was associated with higher concentration in both samples and in the second sample with general health and work engagement; the latter was also related to social needs prioritization.</p>

  • 8.
    Barinaga, Ester
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.). Stanford University, United States .
    'Cultural diversity' at work: 'National culture' as a discourse organizing an international project group2007In: Human Relations, ISSN 0018-7267, E-ISSN 1741-282X, Vol. 60, no 2, p. 315-340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Research to date concurs in maintaining that performance of nationally homogeneous workgroups differs if compared to heterogeneous ones. Yet, results are mixed on the relationship between cultural diversity and workgroup outcomes. The article argues that cultural differences are given explanatory authority, cultural diversity acquiring a positivist status, and group members being treated as 'dopes of their culture'. An alternative approach is to conceive 'cultural diversity' and 'national culture' as discursive resources used by group members in everyday group life. The author followed an international project group for over 17 months,observing how group members discussed and made sense of what went on. Findings suggest that the way members in international project groups use the 'national/cultural' discourse plays a crucial role in the organization of the project. More specifically, results demonstrate that group members shaped and developed their international project in important ways by using the discourses on 'national culture' and 'cultural diversity' to excuse confusion and misunderstanding, to position themselves vis-à-vis the group, to justify decisions and to give the group a raison d'être. Implications are drawn concerning the need for researchers to acknowledge actors' space for choice in group-life.

  • 9. Barkstedt, Vanda
    et al.
    Målqvist, Ingela
    Alderling, Magnus
    Mathiassen, Svend Erik
    Forsman, Mikael
    Centrum för arbets- och miljömedicin, Stockholm.
    Sophämtares fysiska och psykosociala arbetsbelastning2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Arbetet som sophämtare inkluderar manuell hantering som hämtning och hantering av hushållsavfall i kärl och säckar. Det finns tidigare studier som visat att arbetet kan vara tungt med en hög helkroppsbelastning. Tungt arbete förknippas ofta med besvär i rörelseorganen. Psykologiska påfrestningar i arbetet kan också bidra till besvärsuppkomst.

    Biltrafikens arbetsgivarförbund och Svenska Transportarbetareförbundet tog gemensamt initiativ till det här projektet ”Sophämtarnas arbetsmiljö - allas ansvar”. Projektet har utförts av Transportfackens Yrkes- och Arbetsmiljönämnd (TYA) i samarbete med Karolinska Institutet (KI) och Centrum för belastningsskadeforskning (CBF) vid Högskolan i Gävle. I den här delen av projektet var syftet att kartlägga branschens förekomst av arbetsrelaterade besvär och undersöka den fysiska och psykosociala arbetsbelastningen hos sophämtare vid arbete med insamling av hushållsavfall.

    Samtliga Sveriges sophämtare som arbetar med insamling av hushållsavfall, knappt 2000, erbjöds att fylla i ett omfattande frågeformulär avseende arbete och hälsa. Sextiosex procent svarade. Inom projektetet genomfördes också heldagsmätningar av puls och arbetsställningar för rygg och armar på 56 sophämtare som arbetade med baklastande sopbil. På 12 sophämtare som arbetade med sidlastande sopbil genomfördes dessutom mätningar av muskelbelastning i skulder- och underarmsmuskulatur under en hel arbetsdag. I samband med heldagsmätningarna observerades sophämtarnas arbete av en observatör från en efterföljande bil, eller via en personburen videokamera. För att få fram ytterligare information om belastning på skuldror, rygg och knän genomfördes även biomekaniska fältexperiment där sophämtare fick utföra typiska arbetssituationer samtidigt som förekommande skjut- och drag-krafter registrerades.

    Enligt enkätundersökningen ansåg 17 procent av sophämtarna att deras fysiska arbetsförmåga var låg, vilket är samma procentandel som tidigare har registrerats hos flygplanslastare, men något bättre än vad man brukar se bland män med kort utbildningstid.

    Det var vanligare med kroppsliga besvär bland sophämtare än generellt i befolkningen. Andelen med besvär för olika kroppsdelar som skuldror (60 procent), ländrygg (62 procent), nacke (49 procent), händer/handleder (44 procent), motsvarade situationen för flygplanslastare; det fanns dock en skillnad för knän, där 52 procent av sophämtarna hade besvär mot 44 procent av flyglastarna.

    Sophämtarnas psykosociala arbetsbelastning liknade i stort den hos flygplanslastare, och motsvarar generellt förhållandena i den arbetande befolkningen. I genomsnitt rapporterar sophämtarna även samma upplevda stöd ifrån ledningen som andra yrkesgrupper, men sophämtare på arbetsställen med särskilt lågt stöd ifrån ledningen rapporterade fler olyckstillfällen, hade högre förekomst av kroppsliga besvär och lägre arbetsförmåga än sophämtare på arbetsställen med högt stöd. Mycket talande var att många fler, 27 procent skattade låg psykisk arbetsförmåga av dem på arbetsställen med generellt lågt upplevt stöd från ledningen jämfört med 8 procent av dem på arbetsställen med högt stöd.

    Det var vanligare med olycksfallstillbud bland de som angav ett ständigt högt arbetstempo, vilka återfanns både bland de som svarade att de, 64 procent av sophämtarna, som fick och bland de som inte fick gå hem tidigare om de var klara med dagens uppgifter.

    Fyrtiofyra procent av sophämtarna svarade att de en eller flera gånger hade råkat ut för olycksfall som lett till sjukskrivning. Halkolyckor var klart vanligast. Bland de som rapporterade ett ständigt högt arbetstempo var det vanligare med olyckor.

    De 41 kvinnor som ingick i enkätstudien rapporterade generellt högre upplevd fysisk och psykosocial belastning, samt sämre hälsa och arbetsförmåga än sina manliga kollegor.

    Heldagsmätningarna visade att baklastarnas genomsnittliga arbetstid utanför depån var drygt 6½ timma, varav 43 procent utgjordes av bilkörning. Pulsmätningarna visade, liksom enkäterna, att hämtning från flerbostadhus var mera belastande än hämtning i villaområden och på landsbygden. Pulsen var stundtals hög, men i genomsnitt var den för de flesta sophämtare acceptabel enligt internationella rekommendationer.

    De biomekaniska analyserna visade att krafterna vid dragning av sopkärl ibland var höga, speciellt på snöunderlag, men de föreföll inte att innebära några tydliga risker för ländryggen enligt amerikanska rekommendationer för acceptabla nivåer. Det finns dock forskning som indikerar att upprepad exponering för höga dragkrafter kan innebära risk för skulderbesvär. Att hoppa eller att gå framlänges ned från styrhytt var förknippat med knäbesvär, och kan enligt de biomekaniska analyserna även ge höga ländryggsbelastningar.

    Mot bakgrund av dessa resultat kan några rekommendationer/frågeställningar i syfte att förbättra arbetsmiljön vara följande:

    Kan man öka stödet från ledningen? Ledarskaps- och arbetsmiljöutbildning för första linjens chefer? Strategi vid chefsrekrytering?

    Kan man påverka sophämtarna att inte arbeta i ett ”onödigt” högt tempo, om det egentligen inte är bråttom?

    Kan man se till att det finns tid (eller om det redan finns tid, att få sophämtarna att använda denna tid) att arbeta i ett rimligt tempo, och kanske hjälpas åt vid hantering av mycket tunga kärl?

    Kan man få alla att ta sig ner från hytten på "rätt sätt"? Kan man i större utsträckning använda sopbilar med låga insteg?

  • 10.
    Berglund, Martina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. HELIX Competence Centre and Division of Logistics and Quality Management, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
    Arman, Oscar
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    From Safety I to Safety II: Applying an HTO Perspective on Supervisory Work Within Aviation2019In: 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, IEA 2018, Springer, 2019, Vol. 821, p. 558-565Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In aviation, there is a strong focus on safety to prevent accidents. This paper deals with how supervisory authorities in aviation can apply a Safety II perspective. In particular, the aim is to analyze how the concept of HTO (Humans, Technology, Organization) is related to a possible shift from Safety I to Safety II within supervisory work within aviation. Data for this case study research was collected through semi-structured interviews with inspectors at the civil aviation authority in Sweden. The study showed that the important building stone of proactivity in Safety II could be promoted by the Safety Management System (SMS), the Safety Performance Indicator, and systems for reporting incidents and near-accidents. These systems constituted examples of Technology. Similarly, the Humans consisted of the inspectors, and the Organization included international and national regulations that the inspectors needed to follow during inspections. In the analysis, it was clear that an internal HTO-perspective could be taken. The study indicated that the shift towards Safety II should first be done within the supervisory authority by applying an internal HTO-perspective. This could later be developed to an external HTO-perspective also including the operator organizations.

  • 11. Brulin, Göran
    Räddas välfärdsstaten med klasskamp?2004In: Sociologisk Forskning, ISSN 0038-0342, Vol. 41, no 1, p. 11-18Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Implementering av Lean i medelstora företag: En lärande utvärdering om hållbarutveckling2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport är ett av delresultaten från det interaktiva forskningsprojektet Produktionslyftet, inom HELIX VINN Excellence Centre. Projektet genomförs i samarbete med Produktionslyftet, ett nationellt program för spridande av managementkonceptet Lean produktion. Syftet med forskningsprojektet är att öka kunskapen om hur hållbart utvecklingsarbete kan bedrivas, både utifrån ett program- och företagsperspektiv.

    Rapporten beskriver två delstudier, en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ, som genomförts i samarbete med elva av företagen i Produktionslyftet, tio av dem pilotföretag för programmet. Den första delstudien genomfördes under sommaren 2008, genom en intervjustudie med programmets pilotföretag, medan den andra genomfördes under våren 2009, i formen av en enkätstudie med sju av företagen i programmet. Då en interaktiv forskningsansats har använts, så har i båda fallen den insamlade empirin från de båda delstudierna återkopplats till representanter från Produktionslyftet, samt programmets finansiärer, och en gemensam tolkning och analys av empirin har gjorts. Denna gemensamma tolkning har sedan analyserats utifrån modeller kring hållbart utvecklingsarbete och resultatet från detta arbete har sedan sammanfattats i två arbetsrapporter, som har återkopplats till programmet och dess finansiärer.

    Resultaten i delstudierna, samt den gemensamma tolkningen och analysen av empirin, fokuserar Produktionslyftets coacher, samt deras arbete med företagen. Dels spelar coacherna uppenbarligen en central roll i programmets arbete med företagen, och dels är coacherna mycket uppskattade av företagen. Coachernas arbetssätt, samt hur deras arbete påverkar möjligheten för företagen att skapa en hållbar utveckling, upptar också en central del i rapporten. Detta kan sammanfattas, som att om coacherna driver på arbetet för hårt, få finns det risk att det uppstår problem för företagen, men om coacherna inte är pådrivande så finns risken att åtminstone vissa av företagen inte tar sitt ansvar för Lean-arbetet. Med andra ord, coachernas arbete med företagen utgör en svår balansgång mellan att uppfylla företagens målsättningar med Lean-arbetet, i vägning mot Produktionslyftets mål och syfte. Men resultaten pekar också på vikten av att företagen har ett tydligt ägarskap och driv i utvecklingsarbetet.

    Slutsatsen i denna rapport blir därför att om programmets utvecklingsarbete skall bli hållbart, så hänger det troligen på dels att man har duktiga och kompetenta coacher, men också att man har en väl fungerande företagsrekryteringsprocess, där företag med ett internt driv för Lean-arbetet väljs till programmet.

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    Brännmark HELIX WP 2010
  • 13.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Interaktiv forskning: Gemensamt kunskapande för allas nytta2010In: FALF2010: Arbetsliv i förändring, Malmö: FALF , 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Utvärdering är ett mycket vanligt redskap för kontroll och uppföljning inom olika verksamheter, exempelvis projekt och program. Den traditionella ”summativa” utvärderingen har dock ett flertal brister, som gjort att intresset för formativa utvärderingar ökat. Ett exempel på dessa är de s.k. lärande utvärderingarna, men också forskning i olika former kan användas för att utvärdera projekt och program. I det offentliga programmet Produktionslyftet har det förekommit ett flertal utvärderingsformer, bl.a. två summativa måluppföljelseutvärderingar och ett interaktivt forskningsprojekt. I detta paper presenteras en fallstudie kring dessa utvärderingsformer, samt vilka interna respektive externa spridningseffekter (av programmets erfarenheter), samt också vilken form av utvecklingsstöd, som dessa har möjliggjort för Produktionslyftet. Resultaten pekar på att ett summativa utvärderingsprojekt kan användas för både intern spridning av erfarenheter och för att skapa utvecklingsstöd, förutsatt att halvtidsutvärderingar används. Detta kan också ett interaktivt forskningsprojekt bidra med, samt en lärande utvärdering, men det interaktiva forskningsprojektet tycks vara överlägset när det gäller extern spridning av resultaten från programmet – även om det också är den mest resurskrävande formen av utvärdering. Uttryckt på ett annat sätt, så skapar det interaktiva forskningsprojektet underlag för gemensam diskussion, reflektion och analys för programmet, samt gör också programmet/projektet mer transparent, genom extern spridning av gjorda erfarenheter.

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    Brännmark 2010 FALF2010
  • 14.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Is Lean No Longer Mean?: A Study of the Consequences for Working Conditions in Companies Implementing Lean2010In: FALF2010: Arbetsliv i förändring, Malmö: FALF , 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lean is today becoming increasingly popular in Swedish manufacturing industry, and the concept has also started to spread to other sectors, such as administration, healthcare and the municipal sector. However, previous studies have suggested that Lean can become “mean”, creating working conditions that are bad for the employees. Conversely, other studies instead suggest that this has less to do with Lean, than with the implementation of Lean. Thus, this paper aims at studying the implementation of Lean in eight medium sized companies over a two year period, using qualitative and quantitative data. First, the results from the qualitative data suggest that these companies implementation of Lean is characterized by Lean coordinators, pilot projects and improvements groups, while the Lean tools mostly used are 5S, SMED, standardization and means to improve the production flow. Second, the perceived effects on working conditions, based on the quantitative data, suggest an improvement in the working environment, an increase in the work with safety and some degree of increase in stress for the workers. Consequently, the implementation structure of these companies does not indicate a “mean” production system, although the long term effects on working conditions cannot be determined, based on these data.

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    Brännmark 2010 (FALF2010)
  • 15.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Lean administration: En litteraturgenomgång av lean när konceptet implementeras i kommuner2011In: FALF2011: Det nya arbetslivet, Luleå: FALF , 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Lean blir allt vanligare i svensk offentlig förvaltning. Litteraturstudier har tidigare genomförts inom sjukvård och service. Denna litteraturgenomgång fokuserar istället på kommuner. Fokus ligger på vilka former som lean-konceptet tar, hur det implementeras, vilka effekter som uppnås, samt vilka svårigheter som man stött på. Sökningar gjordes i två omgångar i fyra olika databaser under i maj 2010. Endast empiriska artiklar i peer-reviewadetidsskrifter inkluderades; studier som inom vård- eller industriliknande kontexterexkluderades. Totalt resulterade sökningen och urvalsprocessen i fem publikationer, som beskriver lean i elva verksamheter. Slutsatserna från genomgången av dessa är de studerade lean-implementeringar i hög grad utgår från en ansats som påminner om värdeflödeskartläggningar. Fokus för lean-arbetet ligger på verktyg och system för förbättringsarbete. De upplevda problemen i lean-arbetet är framför allt associerade med implementeringsansatsen, snarare än konceptet eller kontexten. Verksamheternas arbete med lean har gett mestadels positiva verksamhetseffekter, framför allt rörande effektivitet och produktivitet. Hur kunderna, och framför allt personalen, påverkats är dock osäkrare.

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    Brännmark 2011 (FALF2011)
  • 16.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Lean i kommuner och myndigheter: En översikt över existerande empirisk forskningslitteratur2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna litteraturgenomgång avser att studera det empiriska underlaget om lean i kommuner och myndigheter (exklusive sjukvård) utifrån den forskningslitteratur som finns. Sökningar har gjorts i sex forskningsdatabaser under oktober 2011. Relevanta frågor för studien är hur lean används i kommuner och myndigheter, varför organisationerna väljer att arbeta med lean och vilka resultat man har uppnått.

    Totalt hittades 48 publikationer, men efter sortering återstod endast 17 empiriska artiklar av relevans för den här rapporten. De studier som valdes bort var antingen för diskuterande eller redogjorde inte tydligt för hur man har samlat in sin empiri. De 17 studierna som används är av skiftande kvalitet och utformning och det empiriska underlaget är varierat. En majoritet av de inkluderade publikationerna är publicerade efter 2005. Tio av de 17 publikationerna innehåller totalt 18 fallstudier. Utifrån detta, är det rimligt att hävda att den empiriska forskningen om lean i kommuner och myndigheter är ett relativt nytt fenomen. Fallstudierna föranleder flera slutsatser, även om det bör betonas att det empiriska underlaget är tunt och studierna är av starkt varierande kvalitet och utformning. Därför bör slutsatserna endast ses som tentativa, men det innebär samtidigt att det finns flera frågor som kan vara av stort intresse för fortsatt forskning.

    För det första, när det gäller vilka former lean-arbetet tar, så tycks värdeflödeskartläggning och slöserireducering utgöra centrala inslag i kommuner och myndigheters arbete med lean. Ofta verkar det handla om punktinsatser. Lean-program som omfattar hela organisationen är relativt ovanliga. Andra lean-verktyg förekommer också, men det är mindre vanligt. För det andra, när det gäller målen med lean-arbetet, verkar det i hög grad initieras med syfte att öka produktiviteten, även om andra skäl också förekommer, som exempelvis behov av kostnadssänkningar. För det tredje, när det gäller resultat av lean-arbetet, framför allt då värdeflödeskartläggningarna, verkar ökad produktivitet vara det vanligaste resultatet. Samtidigt leder arbetet också ofta till minskade problem och störningar för de anställda, vilket ofta uppskattas. Däremot tycks effekterna för personalen vara mer varierade än verksamhetseffekterna. De lean-verktyg som emellanåt verkar ge negativa konsekvenser är bland annat standardisering, visualisering och kundkontakt. Kundeffekterna är dock svårare att uttala sig om eftersom det ofta saknas empiri om detta i studierna.

    Slutligen bör det betonas att utifrån de inkluderade studiernas utformning och metodik är det mycket svårt att uttala sig om de långsiktiga effekterna av arbetet med lean, eftersom det finns empiri i publikationerna som väcker frågetecken om hur hållbart lean-arbetet är, till exempel deltagarnas känsla av att arbetet är avklarat efter genomförda förbättringsworkshops.

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  • 17.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Ökad delaktighet i programutvärdering: En metodik för ökad resultatspridning?2009In: HSS2009: Vi bygger morgondagens samhälle, Luleå, 2009, p. 1-26Conference paper (Refereed)
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    Brännmark 2009 (HSS2009)
  • 18.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Benn, Suzanne
    University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.
    A Proposed Model for Evaluating the Sustainability of Continuous Change Programmes2012In: Journal of Change Management, ISSN 1469-7017, E-ISSN 1479-1811, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 231-245Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many studies report that it is difficult to sustain change. This article focuses on how an organization can initiate and sustain a continuous change process. A theoretical model is proposed as a fusion of two previous models for evaluating the sustainability of a change programme; the first is based on analysing stakeholder interest balance as a prerequisite for organizational sustainability, the second on analysing the design of the implementation, indicating whether long-term effects will be achieved. It is argued that the combination of these factors provides a more comprehensive perspective, since it allows us to evaluate both the ‘form’ and the ‘direction’ of the programme. To assess stakeholder interest balance, the goal for the change programme is analysed, utilizing the broad stakeholder interest balance perspective. To assess the design of the implementation, four preconditions for long-term effects should be analysed: management's ownership of the change initiative, professional steering, competent leadership and participation. Reference is given to the management concept Lean Production, which is claimed to engage the organization in continuous change. Application of the model highlights the mismatch between narrowly focused change programmes such as Lean Production and sustainable change.

  • 19.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Halvarsson, Agneta
    Linköpings universitet, HELIX VINN Excellence Centre.
    Analysseminarier som samverkansform: Följeforskning för hållbart utvecklingsarbete?2011In: HSS2011: Vi bygger tillsammans, Karlstad: HSS , 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
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    Brännmark & Halvarsson 2011 (HSS2011)
  • 20.
    Brännmark, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Halvarsson, Agneta
    Linköpings universitet, HELIX VINN Excellence Centre.
    Lindskog, Pernilla
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Implementing Lean in Swedish Municipalities and Hospitals: Initial effects on the work system2011In: FALF2011:Det nya arbetslivet, Luleå: FALF , 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is the first preliminary product of a three year interactive research project, studying the effects of Lean when introduced in Swedish municipalities and hospitals. Focus of the paper is the implementation process (more specifically, employee participationand facilitated learning) and changes in the work system (focusing on work content, organization and work environment). The empirical data has been collected through interviews and group interviews in three municipalities and one hospital. These results, together with the discussion and analysis, shows firstly that the implementation processes of the studied units are characterized by a medium or high level of opportunities for employee participation and learning, although this is produced in different ways. Second, the changes in the work systems mostly affect the organization of the work, through reorganization and redistribution of the work tasks, rather than changes in how the work tasks are performed.This has lead to more orderly and structured work processes. Lastly, the employees’ reactions to these changes have been mostly positive, although not exclusively so. However, it is important to stress that the employee reactions are most likely as much a result of the implementation process, as of the changes in the work systems. Longitudinal studies are therefore needed to study the long term changes in the work system and the effects on employee health, which will be the next step of this research project.

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    Brännmark, Halvarsson & Lindskog 2011 (FALF2011)
  • 21.
    Bäcklander, Gisela
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    To see or not to see: Importance of sensemaking in employee self-direction2019In: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, E-ISSN 2245-0157, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 25-45Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Being self-directed is one of the most sought-after employee attributes. The present study examines managers’ approaches to and conceptualization of employee self-directedness through semi-structured interviews with 13 managers from five companies in the Stockholm area. Analysis suggests two different emphases in trying to increase self-direction, with differing underlying assumptions: an evaluation emphasis where self-direction is conceptualized as an inherent property of the individual, and a cultivation emphasis suggesting a more interactionist perspective of self-direction as an emergent behavior based on the interaction of individual and situational characteristics. Further, a “seeing work”-skill emerged in all interviews, implicating situational judgment and attention as core to what is ultimately seen as successful self-direction. Managers with a cultivation emphasis mentioned as viable tactics those focused on supporting sensemaking and thus enriching the working situation to enable better discretionary situational judgements.

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    Bäcklander 2019 To see or not to see_postprint
  • 22.
    Bäcklander, Gisela
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    Rosengren, Calle
    Kaulio, Matti
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Managing Intensity in Knowledge Work: Self-Leadership Practices among Danish Management ConsultantsIn: Journal of Management and Organization, ISSN 1833-3672, E-ISSN 1839-3527Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines the sources of knowledge workers’ work intensity and the self-leading strategies they apply to deal with it. The paper is based on focus group interviews with management consultants in a Danish management consultancy firm. Work intensity was identified as resulting from a combination of: (1) a results-only focus, (2) vagueness, (3) boundaryless work, and (4) low control of the quantitative load. A framework for self-leading strategies is developed based on the dimensions of reactive/proactive and self-focused/externally-focused strategies in different combinations. The results indicate that while consultants expressed a belief in internal self-discipline strategies of a more reactive nature, in fact, external and proactive strategies were the most effective in practice. In conclusion, the paper contributes to an extension of self-leadership theory to better account for current research on self-control.

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    Bäcklander Rosengren Kaulio Managing Intensity in Knowledge Work Self-Leadership Practices among Danish Management Consultants
  • 23.
    Bäcklander, Gisela
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    Rosengren, Calle
    Kaulio, Matti
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Managing Intensity in Knowledge Work: Self-Leadership Practices among Danish Management ConsultantsIn: Journal of Management and Organization, ISSN 1833-3672, E-ISSN 1839-3527Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper examines the sources of knowledge workers’ work intensity and the self-leading strategies they apply to deal with it. The paper is based on focus group interviews with management consultants in a Danish management consultancy firm. Work intensity was identified as resulting from a combination of: (1) a results-only focus, (2) vagueness, (3) boundaryless work, and (4) low control of the quantitative load. A framework for self-leading strategies is developed based on the dimensions of reactive/proactive and self-focused/externally-focused strategies in different combinations. The results indicate that while consultants expressed a belief in internal self-discipline strategies of a more reactive nature, in fact, external and proactive strategies were the most effective in practice. In conclusion, the paper contributes to an extension of self-leadership theory to better account for current research on self-control.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Bäcklander, Rosengren & Kaulio Managing Intensity in Knowledge Work Self-Leadership Practices among Danish Management Consultants JMO
  • 24.
    Börjesson Rivera, Miriam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC. KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Environmental Strategies Research (fms).
    Cupitt, Rebekah
    KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Media Technology and Interaction Design, MID. KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Henriksson, Greger
    KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC. KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Environmental Strategies Research (fms).
    Meetings, practice and beyond: Environmental sustainability in meeting practices at work2013In: Nachhaltigkeit in der Wirtschaftskommunikation / [ed] Martin Nielsen, Iris Rittenhofer, Marianne Grove Ditlevsen, Sophie Esmann Andersen, Irene Pollach, Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden , 2013, p. 159-190Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study shows how the employees at a large transnational telecom company understand and accommodate the implemented travel and meeting policies that regulate business communication. This involves looking at employee decisions on when, how and why to hold meetings. The subsequent understandings of meetings and their practice is formed through negotiation and the formation of a ‘social matrix of workplace communication (meetings)’(Bateson & Reusch 2009). This social matrix and its contexts are analysed from the perspective of environmental sustainability of office work practice. The basis for this is the recent implementation of company-wide restrictions on travel aiming to encourage the use of mediated meetings instead of travel for face-to-face meetings. Some issues that emerge are shared meanings of meetings, more specifically the perceived importance of the physical meeting in a workplace where telephone meetings were the norm. This shows that even if the technological possibilities for mediated meetings and by extension a more flexible work practice exist, they are not regarded as default but seen as complementary to conventional work practices. The need to find a balance in between mediated and physical meetings comes across as a recurring theme in both interviews and policy documents.  As a result the ongoing negotiation of which meetings are deemed necessary to be held in person and thereby requiring travel, is embedded within TeliaSonera employees' notions that face-to-face meetings are better and more efficient than mediated meetings. Subsequently the collective view that mediated meetings are not as successful as face-to-face meetings becomes a central to the character of workplace communication. This negotiation is carried out on an individual level as well as on a more organisational level. When carried out on an organisational level these negotiations occur in policy documents which can sometimes contradict employee perspectives and are equally subject to contextual factors (cf. Kogg 2002). Other related issues present in the empirical data are the blurring of the divide between work and home in relation to the changes in work practices and information and communication technology (ICT).

  • 25. Castro, Maria Pia
    et al.
    Fragapane, Stefania
    Rinaldi, Francesco Mazzeo
    KTH. University of Catania, Italy.
    Professionalization and evaluation: A European analysis in the digital era2016In: Evaluation, ISSN 1356-3890, E-ISSN 1461-7153, Vol. 22, no 4, p. 489-507Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is expected that the number of evaluators will continue to grow in the near future. However, the heterogeneity of different national contexts makes the consolidation of a consistent jurisdiction' for the professional evaluator rather problematic. This article contributes to the debate on the professionalization of evaluators by looking at practices attributed, competences and skills required by employers, and the main topics addressed by the community of evaluators. The authors draw on various sources - ISCO08 (International Standard Classification of Occupation); ESCO (European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations); job offers posted on the EES (European Evaluation Society) website; EES LinkedIn group - to argue that the practice of evaluation has achieved a supranational dimension, with potential consequences both on evaluators' educational profile and on the ways in which evaluations are commissioned and conducted.

  • 26.
    Dabirian, Amir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
    Kietzmann, Jan
    Diba, Hoda
    A great place to work!?: Understanding crowdsourced employer branding2017In: Business Horizons, ISSN 0007-6813, E-ISSN 1873-6068, Vol. 60, no 2, p. 197-205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The benefits provided by employment and identified with a specific employing company are referred to as employer branding. We argue that when employees use IT to share and access work-related experiences openly across organizations, their expectations and assessments of workplaces change. We collected 38,000 reviews of the highest and lowest ranked employers on Glassdoor, an online crowdsourced employer branding platform. Using IBM Watson to analyze the data, we identify seven employer branding value propositions that current, former, and potential employees care about when they collectively evaluate employers. These propositions include (1) social elements of work, (2) interesting and challenging work tasks, (3) the extent to which skills can be applied in meaningful ways, (4) opportunities for professional development, (5) economic issues tied to compensation, (6) the role of management, and (7) work/life balance. We clarify that these value propositions do not all matter to the same extent and demonstrate how their relative valences and weights differ across organizations, especially if institutions are considered particularly good or bad places to work. Based on these findings, we show how employers can use crowdsourced employer branding intelligence to become great places to work that attract highly qualified employees.

  • 27.
    de Alwis, Manudul Pahansen
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
    Lo Martire, Riccardo
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Ang, Bjorn O.
    Garme, Karl
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
    Development and validation of a web-based questionnaire for surveying the health and working conditions of high-performance marine craft populations2016In: BMJ Open, E-ISSN 2044-6055, Vol. 6, no 6, article id e011681Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background High-performance marine craft crews are susceptible to various adverse health conditions caused by multiple interactive factors. However, there are limited epidemiological data available for assessment of working conditions at sea. Although questionnaire surveys are widely used for identifying exposures, outcomes and associated risks with high accuracy levels, until now, no validated epidemiological tool exists for surveying occupational health and performance in these populations. Aim To develop and validate a web-based questionnaire for epidemiological assessment of occupational and individual risk exposure pertinent to the musculoskeletal health conditions and performance in high-performance marine craft populations. Method A questionnaire for investigating the association between work-related exposure, performance and health was initially developed by a consensus panel under four subdomains, viz. demography, lifestyle, work exposure and health and systematically validated by expert raters for content relevance and simplicity in three consecutive stages, each iteratively followed by a consensus panel revision. The item content validity index (I-CVI) was determined as the proportion of experts giving a rating of 3 or 4. The scale content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was computed by averaging the I-CVIs for the assessment of the questionnaire as a tool. Finally, the questionnaire was pilot tested. Results The S-CVI/Ave increased from 0.89 to 0.96 for relevance and from 0.76 to 0.94 for simplicity, resulting in 36 items in the final questionnaire. The pilot test confirmed the feasibility of the questionnaire. Conclusions The present study shows that the web-based questionnaire fulfils previously published validity acceptance criteria and is therefore considered valid and feasible for the empirical surveying of epidemiological aspects among high-performance marine craft crews and similar populations.

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  • 28.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Arbetsmiljö och lärande i Lean och kvalitetsutveckling2014In: Lärande i arbetslivet möjligheter och utmaningar: en vänbok till Per-Erik Ellström / [ed] Henrik Kock, Linköping: Linköpings universitet , 2014Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Frågan om vilka konsekvenser lean och kvalitetsutveckling får för arbetsmiljö och lärande är avgörande för de anställdas acceptans av dessa koncept, men också avgörande för konceptens systemeffektivitet. Hur dessa samband ser ut har behandlats i ett flertal artiklar (Landsbergis, 1999; Westgaard och Winkel, 2007; Hasle et al., 2012; Adler and Borys, 1994; Adler and Cole, 1995; Appelbaum, 1996). Inriktningen på förändringarna och den kultur som finns i organisationerna synes spela avgörande roll för utfallet. Samtidigt finns det anledning att mera i detalj studera dessa samband. Det finns också studier som har kopplat ihop arbetsförhållanden och lärande. Utifrån definitioner på vad som karaktäriserar det goda arbetet har lärande och möjligheter att utvecklas lyfts fram som viktiga faktorer (Thorsrud, 1969). Detta kapitel syftar till att beskriva olika konsekvenser som kan uppstå för lärande och arbetsmiljö i samband med att organisationer inför lean eller initierar kvalitetsutveckling i sin verksamhet. Ett andra syfte är att koppla dessa konsekvenser till de förändringsansatser som genomförs.

  • 29.
    Elvnäs, Özlem
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH).
    Säkerhetssystem & ledarskap för säkerhet: Om perspektiv, samsyn och transformation2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 30. Englund, A. -CD.
    et al.
    Rydström, I.
    Dellve, Lotta
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Ahlstrom, L.
    Social support outside work and return to work among women on long-term sick leave working within human service organizations2016In: Applied Nursing Research, ISSN 0897-1897, E-ISSN 1532-8201, Vol. 30, p. 187-193Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim: To investigate the relationships between return to work and social support outside work among women on long-term sick leave from human service organizations. Background: Work is an important part of life and is, in general, considered to be supportive of health and wellbeing. Few studies have thoroughly investigated the importance of aspects of social support outside work for return to work. Methods: A cohort of women on long-term sick leave was followed with questionnaires from 2005 to 2012. Results: The availability of social attachment increased the women's work ability, return to work, and vitality significantly more over time. There were positive relationships between return to work and seeking support in terms of emotional support and comfort and expressing unpleasant feelings. Conclusions: Important resources to increase return to work can be found in factors outside work, such as close social relationships and support seeking. Thus, it is important to take the woman's whole life situation into account and not focus solely on aspects related to the workplace.

  • 31.
    Eriksson, Andrea
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Dellve, Lotta
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Sociol & Work Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Williamsson, Anna
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Mat & Prod Div, S-43153 Mölndal, Sweden..
    Skagert, Katrin
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Mat & Prod Div, S-43153 Mölndal, Sweden..
    How Conditions and Resources Connected to Digital Management Systems and Remote Work Are Associated with Sustainable Work2022In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 19, no 23, article id 15731Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current state of work-life transformation will see more white-collar work being performed remotely using digital management systems. There is, however, a lack of research on factors and resources contributing to sustainable work when working remotely using digital management systems. The aim of this study was to study the conditions and resources connected to digital management systems and remote work, and their associations with sustainable work, in terms of process quality, trust, and sense of coherence, when working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. An analytical cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaire data from white-collar employees (n = 484) in two private companies were analyzed with regression models, focusing on the importance of the conditions and resources connected to digital management systems and remote work, stratified by working from home or at the office. The results showed digital conditions and resources being associated with indicators of sustainable work. Furthermore, the results showed that social work relations were additional important explanatory factors for sustainable remote work. This study contributes to the development of a new post-pandemic work-life balance by concluding that sustainable remote work needs to be ensured by functional digital management systems and adequate leadership supporting the development of a positive team and learning climate.

  • 32. Fairbanks, R. J.
    et al.
    Wears, R. L.
    Woods, D. D.
    Hollnagel, E.
    Plsek, P.
    Cook, Richard Irvin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Human Communication Science.
    Resilience and resilience engineering in health care2014In: Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, ISSN 1553-7250, E-ISSN 1938-131X, Vol. 40, no 8, p. 376-383Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Fan, Yuchuan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. RISE Res Inst Sweden, S-16440 Kista, Sweden..
    Pang, Xiaodan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. RISE Res Inst Sweden, S-16440 Kista, Sweden..
    Udalcovs, Aleksejs
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, S-16440 Kista, Sweden..
    Natalino, Carlos
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Elect Engn Dept, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Zhang, Lu
    Zhejiang Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Elect Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.;Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310000, Peoples R China..
    Spolitis, Sandis
    Riga Tech Univ, Inst Telecommun, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia..
    Bobrovs, Vjaceslavs
    Riga Tech Univ, Inst Telecommun, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia..
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Yu, Xianbin
    Zhejiang Univ, Coll Informat Sci & Elect Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China.;Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 310000, Peoples R China..
    Furdek, Marija
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Elect Engn Dept, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Popov, Sergei
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Photonics.
    Ozolins, Oskars
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Photonics. RISE Res Inst Sweden, S-16440 Kista, Sweden.;Riga Tech Univ, Inst Telecommun, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia..
    Linear Regression vs. Deep Learning for Signal Quality Monitoring in Coherent Optical Systems2022In: IEEE Photonics Journal, E-ISSN 1943-0655, Vol. 14, no 4, article id 8643108Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Error vector magnitude (EVM) is a metric for assessing the quality of m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) signals. Recently proposed deep learning techniques, e.g., feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) -based EVM estimation scheme leverage fast signal quality monitoring in coherent optical communication systems. Such a scheme estimates EVM from amplitude histograms (AHs) of short signal sequences captured before carrier phase recovery (CPR). In this work, we explore further complexity reduction by proposing a simple linear regression (LR) -based EVM monitoring method. We systematically compare the performance of the proposed method with the FFNN-based scheme and demonstrate its capability to infer EVM from an AH when the modulation format information is known in advance. We perform both simulation and experiment to show that the LR-based EVM estimation method achieves a comparable accuracy as the FFNN-based scheme. The technique can be embedded with modulation format identification modules to provide comprehensive signal information. Therefore, this work paves the way to design a fast-learning scheme with parsimony as a future intelligent OPM enabler.

  • 34.
    Farazouli, Alexandra
    SU.
    School choice and private schooling: a comparative case-study between Greece and Sweden2019In: 11Th World Conference On Educational Sciences (WCES-2019) / [ed] Laborda, J G, SCIENCEPARK SCI, ORGANIZATION & COUNSELING LTD , 2019, Vol. 6, no 1, p. 213-223Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the past three decades, privatisation and school choice have been introduced and embodied in the vocabulary of several national education policies. This study aiming to examine the phenomenon of private schooling and the factors that affect parental school choice outlined a comprehensive framework of the national policies about private schools and school choice in Greece and Sweden. The case study design of the research provided an in-depth exploration of the two national contexts, enriching the study with empirical data. Twenty semi-structured interviews with education professionals and parents from both countries shed light on the reasons behind the school choice towards private schools. Regarding the findings of the research, several kinds of educational inequalities and social segregation were identified because of the fact that not all parents have access to school choice under equal terms.

  • 35.
    Francart, Nicolas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Sustainability Assessment and Management.
    Polycarpou, Kyriacos
    School of Engineering and Innovation, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.
    Malmqvist, Tove
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Sustainability Assessment and Management.
    Moncaster, Alice
    How artefacts mediate sustainability in public housing projectsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The concept of “sustainable building”, in its various interpretations, is becoming increasingly important for policymakers, planners and building sector practitioners. The ways actors work with building sustainability are influenced by requirements, guidelines, criteria for green procurement and certification, assessment tools, internal documents of their company, etc. The present study investigates how such artefacts mediate building design, focusing on how they support or define aspirations towards environmental sustainability. This investigation is based on case studies of public housing projects in Sweden and Cyprus. First of all, the cases indicate that artefacts set boundaries to the range of available sustainable design options. On one hand, regulations, certification systems and directives internal or external to the housing company codify and enforce minimum demands regarding sustainability. Several actors mentioned that a major driver of their work with sustainable design was the need to fulfil requirements set in regulations, plans, directives or procurement documents. On the other hand, cost calculations, procurement laws and requirements in development plans also restrict the range of possible design options. Artefacts also streamline and simplify the design process. The use of predefined or default options, checklists, standardised technical specifications and databases implies that some key design choices are not made within the project itself, but outside of it, when these guidelines and standards are developed. However, these various requirements, constraints and standardised options are often bent and adapted on a case-by-case basis, showing a complex and interdependent relationship between artefacts and actors’ agency. Significant differences were apparent between the Swedish and Cypriot cases. In the Swedish cases, the ways actors understand and operationalise the concept of “sustainable building” is strongly reified, codified and enforced through various interconnected artefacts. The widespread Miljöbyggnad certification is often a de facto definition of sustainability and a reference for actors to set practical sustainability criteria. Third party environmental databases for construction products also create black boxes where environmental performance criteria are unchallenged and not immediately visible to the user. This reification was less noticeable in the Cypriot cases. Cypriot designers’ work with sustainability seemed to depend to a larger extent on their motivation, experience, knowledge, skills and ability to convince their peers. The paper ends with a discussion of implications for the implementation of environmental performance criteria and decision support tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA).

  • 36.
    Giertz, Eric
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Sustainability and Industrial Dynamics.
    Dynamics in Swedish Industry and Political History2016In: A Dynamic Mind: Perspectives on Industrial Dynamics in Honour of Staffan Laestadius / [ed] Pär Blomkvist, Petter Johansson, Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2016, 1, p. 321-367Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Rules and regulations for industry are of great importance for the wellbeing of a country. In this chapter I discuss the complex inter-play between governmental actions and industrial development in Sweden during one and a half century. I divide the period into three phases.

    The first phase was initiated in the mid-1800s when a number of decisions speeded up the process of industrialization in Sweden – giving Sweden many new ventures founded by entrepreneurs. The second phase was initiated by the depression after World War I. The ownership of Swedish industry was concentrated to a few financial spheres, which closely cooperated with the Social Democratic government and the reformist labor movement. The third phase was initiated by the crises in the mid-1970s. The Social Democrats lost the election in 1976 and a new political era was born. In the late 1980s it was also followed by a new globalization era in industry.

    Globalization has fundamentally changed possibilities for small nations, like Sweden, to form national strategies for growth. But still the “Swedish model” from last century evokes a nostalgic response from many Swedes. Also, some concepts and institutions, as well as rules and regulations, still survive with some strength, even though they originated in a different era and are less relevant today. I hope that the reader of this chapter shall be aware that yesterday’s successful principles of setting rules for industry, as well as organizing and managing different businesses might no longer be appropriate.

  • 37.
    Gulliksen, Jan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Human Centered Technology, Media Technology and Interaction Design, MID.
    Lilliesköld, Joakim
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Network and Systems Engineering.
    Stenbom, Stefan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Digital Learning.
    The 'New' New Normal-Digitalization and Hybridization of Work and Education Before, during and after the Covid-19 Pandemic2022In: Interacting with computers, ISSN 0953-5438, E-ISSN 1873-7951Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Before the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, work and education on the university campus were considered superior to equivalent activities conducted digitally or remotely. Despite being significantly digitally mature, many organizations did not consider or even permit digital or hybrid participation in meetings and education. In March 2020, the lockdown following the pandemic caused the transition of many organizations and most universities to online-only operation in record time. Often, this occurred while maintaining quality and production, even if some aspects relating to the user experience were lost. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how digitalization following the pandemic influenced and transformed the digital work environment in higher education. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, provided the experiences and data for this article. In conclusion we distinguished different phases of digital work and education before, during and after the pandemic: 1. The Pre-Pandemic Phase, 2. The Emergency Remote Phase, 3. The New Normal, 4. The Slow Acceptance Phase, and 5. The Dividing Phase, or what we refer to as The 'New' New Normal. In this phase it looks like it will be a battle between three perspectives; those who are looking to get back to the pre-pandemic conditions, those living in The New Normal, and those actively analyzing the lessons learned and aiming for The Thoughtful Blended Phase. Analyzing these five phases we discern that the implications for the future will be heavily dependent on the following aspects: management commitment and support; well-functioning technology and support organization; understanding the effects digitalization will have on culture, organization and well-being; increasing interest in participating in pedagogical development; new designs needed for hybrid work and education; the need to rethink structure and contents of meetings; and paying extra care and attention to the psychological well-being of staff and students.

  • 38.
    Gullström, Charlie
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Kort, Joke
    TNO.
    Where did my Office go? Is it in the Cloud!?: Workshop on Spatial and Social Connectedness in Virtual and Mediated Work Environments2016In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Companion / [ed] Darren Gergle, Meredith Ringel Morris, New York: ACM Digital Library, 2016, p. 457-464Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The physical workplace, a hub for communication, collaboration and co-located interaction can no longer be taken for granted. Today, the design of intelligent interactive media, physical products and ubiquitous environments has passed the phase of being technology-driven. Meaning, insight and experience are now the key design drivers for the bridging of digital and physical design. We foresee how new interconnected knowledge systems – objects/devices, buildings and even cities created from web-based services and IoT – thoroughly transforms CSCW. A wide spectrum of services already invites users to seamlessly move between real and virtual workspaces, using a range of previously separated media channels. This interdisciplinary workshop welcomes researchers and practitioners to a day-long exchange targeting User eXperience (UX) and, specifically, the relationship between social and spatial connectedness in mediated and virtual work environments. Examples from ongoing research and developments informs a discussion on how the borders between the virtual and real become increasingly obsolete.

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  • 39. Gustavsen, B
    et al.
    Hofmaier, B
    Ekman Philips, M
    Wikman, A
    Paths of Development1995Book (Other academic)
  • 40. Gustavsen, Björn
    et al.
    Hofmaier, Bernd
    Ekman Philips, Marianne
    Wikman, Anders
    Utvecklingslinjer i arbetslivet och arbetslivsfondens roll1995Book (Other academic)
  • 41.
    Hallström, Louise
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH).
    Entreprenörers motivation till säkert arbete: Faktorer som påverkar beställarens främjande av en säkerhetskultur där entreprenörer är inkluderade2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Working in the construction, paper and steel industry in Sweden means maintaining an occupation in a naturally hazardous environment. Engaging contractors in health and safety activities to achieve an improved occupational environment, and thereby raising the quality of production, can often be problematic due to a wide range of factors. These factors are being combated by Swedish companies which employees’ contractors Aim: The aim of this study is to examine which factors that could affect the improvement of the safety culture within a company which employees’ contractors. This study will focus on the client’s organization and the contractor’s participation. Method: A qualitative study was conducted including individual interviews with three companies in the construction, steel and paper industry in Sweden. One company from each field was selected, three managerial staff and three safety representatives interviewed from each. A thematic data analysis was conducted of the results. Results: The results indicate that the factors influencing the work of improving the safety culture in a company that employees’ contractors were as follows; management's approach to security, the organization of the security, cultural differences, control and monitoring of workplace conditions, participation, resources, communication and the contractor’s motivation to work safely. Discussion: A potential disadvantage of this study was that the results relate primarily to the client's perspective. Yet focusing on this perspective may also be seen as an advantage as it is the client who creates the safety culture that contractors should be a part of. The focus of the study was top-down analysis. If the study had instead been focused on a bottom-up perspective, the result would have been centered around strengthen the participation of contractors in how safety measures should be implemented, promoting their own desire to participate in a client’s safety culture. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that the promotion of a safety culture should be anchored within the management of a company. It is their approach to security and safety issues that is the deciding factor in promoting a safer workplace culture. Safety and security requirements should also be increasingly considered in the procurement of contractors, furthermore contractors should be included in security operations (including job training) and they should also be given the opportunity to report risks directly to the client's reporting system. This could promote both participation and communication within the company. Our final conclusion is that efforts should be to reduce the line between internal personnel and contractors on safety issues.

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  • 42.
    Hedlund, Ann
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Attraktivitetens dynamik: studier av förändringar i arbetets attraktivitet2007Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis takes a point of departure in the problems to recruit and retain personnel in woodworking companies. Companies, actors of society and researchers started with the ambition to create work which people, especially young ones, would like to have and where employees want to stay. The research has been carried out within the att…-project in collaboration between Dalarna University and National Institute for Working Life.

    The primary purpose was to create deeper understanding of characteristics of attractive work. A distinction has been made between on the one hand what makes work attractive, and on the other hand changes of the attractiveness. The empirical problem with recruitment was a starting point, followed by an interaction between theory and empiricism. The relation to practioners can be described as interactive with usefulness in focus. Questionnaires, group discussions and interviews, as well as informal conversations, have been used in five separate studies.

    The attractiveness of work depends on the individual’s estimation of the totality of work based upon her/his life situation. Characteristic for attractive work is that it is dynamic and comparative. Positive factors of work are related to other employments or to the idea of attractive work. A model of attractive work which represents an overall picture regarding what makes work attractive contains about 80 qualities in 22 dimensions. One finding is that changes in one dimension influences other dimensions. Another finding is that changed estimations of work depends both on changed valuation of the importance of different aspects of work, and on changed conception of the aspects.

    It is not enough to do a single effort aimed at retaining and recruiting personnel since the attractiveness of work is dynamic and comparisons are made with other employments. Companies must continuously do efforts for more attractive work. Existing attractive qualities that are hidden from applicants can be displayed. Other qualities can be realized and added to. Knowledge about what makes work attractive and about the dynamic of the attractiveness is valuable to create more attractive work.

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  • 43.
    Helander, Max
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Bergqvist, Robert
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Lund Stetler, Katarina
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Magnusson, Mats
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Applying lean in product development - enabler or inhibitor of creativity?2015In: International Journal of Technology Management, ISSN 0267-5730, E-ISSN 1741-5276, Vol. 68, no 1-2, p. 49-69Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lean has become increasingly popular as a process management approach outside its original application in manufacturing, and it is frequently used as a means to increase efficiency in research and development (R&D) processes. Previous research suggests that lean can be used to increase R&D efficiency, but there is disagreement on whether or not this comes at the expense of creativity. In this article, the effects of lean product development on creativity are studied by means of case studies in the R&D departments of five companies. The empirical observations highlighted a number of important aspects when applying lean in product development. The data suggested that a primary focus of lean in product development was flow, rather than waste reduction, and that significant focus was given to the reduction of disturbances. Another finding was the need for a long-term perspective in R&D to safeguard creativity and that the reduction of slack time following the implementation of lean clearly limited the opportunities to undertake unsanctioned innovation projects, often referred to as 'skunk work'. Finally, the importance of management support and employee training to aid the implementation of lean was emphasised.

  • 44.
    Holgersson, Charlotte
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Accounting, Finance & Changes.
    Lindgren, Monica
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Accounting, Finance & Changes.
    Packendorff, Johann
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Organization and management.
    Snickare, Lotta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Business and Financial Systems.
    Vänje, Annika
    Högskolan Dalarna.
    Wahl, Anna
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Accounting, Finance & Changes.
    Men in focus: Exploring homosocial cultures in organizations and developing methods to prevent sexual harassment2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The program explores homosocial cultures in male-dominated organizations in order to contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of sexual harrassment and to develop measures and methods for transforming homosocial cultures into spaces where men in different positions can act as change agents in order to promote gender equality and workplaces free from violence and discrimination. This answers to recent calls for deepened understanding of processes by which sexual harassment is normalized and tolerated in organizational contexts and for improved prevention measures and methods (e.g. Chawla et al. 2021). By focusing on men and masculinities in relation to aspects of organizational cultures that enable men to exercise violence in order to maintain control in organizations, and by developing measures and methods for counteracting SH through organizational development, the program contributes to current research frontiers as well as to the development of new practices in organizational change management.

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  • 45.
    Håkansson, Malin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Dellve, Lotta
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Waldenstrom, Mans
    Holden, Richard J.
    Department of BioHealth Informatics,Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
    Sustained lean transformation of working conditions: A Swedish longitudinal case study2017In: Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, ISSN 1090-8471, E-ISSN 1520-6564, Vol. 27, no 6, p. 268-279Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studies of lean production’s effect on working conditions are mixed but point toward worsened conditions. The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess how lean contributes to transforming work characteristics in a medium-sized specialized industrial family business. A mixed methods approachwas used to combine an external assessment of work characteristics with selfreported employee questionnaires. Favorable psychosocial working conditions were indicated, with role conflicts decreasing over time. The assessment of work provided descriptions of how lean practices contributed to decreased task control due to standardized work and simplified work processes. At the same time, employees still had opportunities to influence their long-term work assignment. There was also a trend toward job enlargement through new, higher-skilled tasks, multiskilling, and extended opportunities to influence work through different continuous improvement activities. The participative lean approach and type of skilled jobs may have contributed to this transformation.

  • 46.
    Håkansson, Malin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Holden, R. J.
    Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
    Eriksson, Andrea
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Dellve, L.
    University of Gothenburg, Department of Sociology and Work science.
    Managerial practices that support lean and socially sustainable working conditions2017In: Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, E-ISSN 2245-0157, Vol. 7, no 3, p. 63-84Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite decades of using lean, there is little knowledge of how lean managerial practices affect working conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate in what ways managerial practices support socially sustainable working conditions (SSWCs) during a lean transformation. A mixed methods approach was used in this multiyear case study in a midsize Swedish manufacturing company. Assessment of work characteristics was combined with employee questionnaires and interviews with managers. Four practices were identified as instrumental for SSWCs: 1) a coherent lean approach with clear direction, 2) a value-creating leadership style comprising a participatorypromoting and caring leadership approach with joint focus on production and well-being, 3) conscious involvement of employees in a stepwise fashion, and 4) a focus on promoting meaningful jobs and health, aided by work environment management. Thus, managerial practices actively supporting important job resources as an integral part of the lean system seemed to support SSWCs.

  • 47.
    Ike, Nnenna
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH).
    Investigating Workplace Discrimination: How to Design Survey Questionnaire Posed to Minority Groups.2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Workplace discrimination exists in the Swedish work environment. Minority groups (such as immigrants, persons from ethno-racial backgrounds different from the majority population, persons of non-normative sexual orientation, gender, or religious background) may experience discrimination or the fear of possible exposure to discrimination in the workplace. This presents an additional form of stress referred to as ‘minority stress’.

    Minority Stress is added stress to general stressors experienced by all people that is unique to minority groups. In the workplace, workplace discrimination is a psychosocial risk factor which could lead to minority stress. To address this risk, studies aimed at eliminating health and other disparities requires quality and methodologically sound research on racial/ethnic minorities, yet little guidelines are available.

    This thesis aims to bridge this gap and adopts ethno-racialization and participatory research frameworks to elicit the views and opinions of eight (8) ethno-racialized minorities in Sweden on how survey items investigating workplace discrimination in Sweden could be designed in a sensitive, non-stigmatizing manner that does not reinforce negative stereotypes. Study participants included five men and three women aged between 18 – 45 years old recruited through opportunistic, snowball sampling technique, with Swedish work experience between1 – 10 years, and working across academia, hospitality, communication, and health sectors.

    Participants responded to survey questionnaire and were interviewed on four key areas: Demographics; Ethno-racialization questions; Sample of various wordings on discrimination questions and Technology related questions regarding data collection, storage, and access.The result from this study show that “language” used in the wording of survey questions directed at ethno-racialized minorities is an important element if/how they respond and interpret questions. In this regard, using unclear and indirect language that is vague, ambiguous in survey questionnaire could lead to multiple interpretations and impact the validity of data collected. The study also found that ethno-racialized persons are not a homogenous group and as such, how they interpret and respond to survey questions indicate differences and reflect their individual preferences. The study concludes that survey items investigating workplace discrimination among ethno-racialized minorities should be designed using language that is direct and considers the varied opinions and perspectives of members of the group – that is, ethno-racialized minorities come from diverse backgrounds and their views are not homogenous.

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  • 48.
    Jaldestad, Ellen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Job crafting among older blue-collar workers2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the increased life expectancy in many parts of the world, the statutory retirement age is rising, and employers need to find ways to motivate and enable people to extend their working life. Job crafting, a bottom-up approach to job redesign, has been found to increase well-being and health among older employees, as well as their motivation to stay at work.   

    To identify if and how older blue-collar workers describe that they involve in, and see opportunities for job crafting that can contribute to an extended working life, a survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 100 blue-collar workers, aged 55 years and older, in a global manufacturing company. 

    Some respondents saw no opportunities at all to change and adapt work. In contrast, others expressed examples of job crafting that reduced physical and mental workload and increased structural and social resources to enable them to prolong their working lives.  

  • 49.
    Jaldestad, Ellen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Job Crafting: Changing and adapting work as one piece of the puzzle for a sustainable working life2024Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: This thesis focuses on job crafting as one way to increase work-related well-being and enable people to extend their working lives. The studies included were conducted within two different contexts, namely the manufacturing industry and public healthcare. These two contexts struggle with, for example, challenging working environments and staff shortages, as well as enabling older workers to extend their working lives. Job crafting, an active form of job redesign, can be defined as employees actively changing the physical and cognitive boundaries of work to better suit the person’s abilities and desires. These kinds of bottom-up-driven strategies to change and adapt work have been found to increase employee well-being and productivity, as well as reduce staff turnover. According to previous research, job crafting thus has positive effects on both people at work and their organizations. Previous research also shows that organizational structures as well as individual factors can facilitate and enhance employees’ job crafting. There is, however, a lack of studies focusing on how to best promote and facilitate employee-driven job crafting in practice. 

    Aim: This thesis aimed to explore job crafting as one part of a health-promoting and extended working life. Job crafting was analysed in relation to an extended working life among blue-collar workers in one company in the manufacturing industry, and in relation to being able to work and feel well within public healthcare and manufacturing industry. 

    Methods: Data was collected at one global manufacturing company and different workplaces within Swedish public healthcare. In the manufacturing company, data was collected from 100 blue-collar workers as part of an age management project focusing on factors influencing employees’ retirement decisions. The respondents represented older employees in three different countries: Sweden, the Netherlands, and France. These respondents completed a questionnaire and participated in semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data was descriptively analysed and the qualitative data was analysed with content analysis. Within public healthcare, a questionnaire was first administered to 421 healthcare employees at two times (T1-T2), six to eight months apart. A response rate of 59% provided data from 250 respondents. Secondly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 healthcare employees and five managers. The quantitative data from the survey was analysed with SEM analysis, whereas the qualitative data was analysed with reflexive thematic analysis. 

    Findings: Factors that influenced blue-collar workers’ decisions about retirement and an extended working life included perceived health and economic situation, task characteristics, support from colleagues and managers, work autonomy and work setup, and national pension schemes. Job crafting strategies that were perceived as health-promoting among blue-collar workers included adapting work whenever possible, asking colleagues for help to finish work, and changing their way of thinking about work. For some, these strategies were considered as contributing to being able to extend working life. Among the healthcare employees, health-promoting job crafting strategies included asking for new assignments and opportunities for professional development, organizing work in close cooperation with others, and involving patients in the planning of daily activities. These strategies were derived from different motives, including crafting for their development, crafting for a common good, crafting for manageability, and crafting for meaningfulness in work. Working conditions such as having support from managers and colleagues, and formal autonomy in work, facilitated job crafting among the healthcare employees. The health-promoting crafting strategies were connected to increasing work-related sense of coherence through comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. Job crafting strategies and motives were said to change over time, for example in relation to work-life balance and work experience, among respondents in both contexts. Within both contexts, it was also indicated that a strong inner drive for personal development sometimes outweighed hindering structural conditions when employees crafted for their development and manageability in work. 

    Conclusions: Factors that influenced the retirement decisions were found on different levels within the blue-collar workers’ work context. Perceived antecedents of health-promoting job crafting among the respondents within both contexts in this thesis were found in organizational structures, workplace conditions, and individual factors. Job crafting motives and strategies were also said to change over time and were influenced by both individual factors and workplace-related conditions. From the findings in this thesis, it is suggested to further explore how to facilitate job crafting on the different work-system levels, as well as to plan job crafting interventions directed to healthcare employees and older blue-collar workers within the manufacturing industry. 

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  • 50.
    Jaldestad, Ellen
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Dellve, Lotta
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. University of Gothenburg, Department of Sociology and Work Science.
    Antecedents for crafting a sense of coherence among healthcare employeesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
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