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  • 1.
    Agrawal, Tarun Kumar
    et al.
    University of Lille, France.
    Thomassey, Sebastien
    Cochrane, Cedric
    Lemort, Guillaume
    Koncar, Vladan
    Low-cost intelligent carpet system for footstep detection2017In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 17, no 13, p. 4239-4247Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Carlsson, Håkan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems.
    Skog, Isaac
    Linköping Univ, Dept Elect Engn, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden..
    Jaldén, Joakim
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Information Science and Engineering.
    Self-Calibration of Inertial Sensor Arrays2021In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 21, no 6, p. 8451-8463Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A maximum likelihood estimator is presented for self-calibrating both accelerometers and gyroscopes in an inertial sensor array, including scale factors, misalignments, biases, and sensor positions. By simultaneous estimation of the calibration parameters and the motion dynamics of the array, external equipment is not required for the method. A computational efficient iterative optimization method is proposed where the calibration problem is divided into smaller subproblems. Further, an identifiability analysis of the calibration problem is presented. The analysis shows that it is sufficient to know the magnitude of the local gravity vector and the average scale factor gain of the gyroscopes, and that the array is exposed to two types of motions for the calibration problem to be well defined. The proposed estimator is evaluated by real-world experiments and by Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the parameters can be consistently estimated and that the calibration significantly improves the accuracy of the motion estimation. This enables on-the-fly calibration of small inertial sensors arrays by simply twisting them by hand.

  • 3.
    Carlsson, Håkan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems.
    Skog, Isaac
    Linköping Univ LIU, Dept Elect Engn, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden..
    Schön, Thomas B.
    Uppsala Univ, Dept Informat Technol, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden..
    Jaldén, Joakim
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems.
    Quantifying the Uncertainty of the Relative Geometry in Inertial Sensors Arrays2021In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 21, no 17, p. 19362-19373Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present an algorithm to estimate and quantify the uncertainty of the accelerometers' relative geometry in an inertial sensor array. We formulate the calibration problem as a Bayesian estimation problem and propose an algorithm that samples the accelerometer positions' posterior distribution using Markov chain Monte Carlo. By identifying linear substructures of the measurement model, the unknown linear motion parameters are analytically marginalized, and the remaining non-linear motion parameters are numerically marginalized. The numerical marginalization occurs in a low dimensional space where the gyroscopes give information about the motion. This combination of information from gyroscopes and analytical marginalization allows the user to make no assumptions of the motion before the calibration. It thus enables the user to estimate the accelerometer positions' relative geometry by simply exposing the array to arbitrary twisting motion. We show that the calibration algorithm gives good results on both simulated and experimental data, despite sampling a high dimensional space.

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  • 4.
    Chen, Guang
    et al.
    Tongji Univ, Sch Automot Studies, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China.;Tech Univ Munich, Chair Robot Artificial Intelligence & Real Time S, D-85748 Munich, Germany..
    Chen, Wenkai
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China..
    Yang, Qianyi
    Tongji Univ, Sch Automot Studies, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Zhongcong
    Tongji Univ, Sch Automot Studies, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China..
    Yang, Longyu
    Tongji Univ, Sch Automot Studies, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China..
    Conradt, Jörg
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Computational Science and Technology (CST).
    Knoll, Alois
    Tech Univ Munich, Chair Robot Artificial Intelligence & Real Time S, D-85748 Munich, Germany..
    A Novel Visible Light Positioning System With Event-Based Neuromorphic Vision Sensor2020In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 20, no 17, p. 10211-10219Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With the advanced development of image processing technology, visible light positioning (VLP) system based on image sensors has attracted more and more attention. However, as a commonly used light receiver, traditional CMOS camera has limited dynamic range and high latency, which is susceptible to various lighting and environmental factors. Moreover, high computational cost from image processing is unavoidable for most of visible light positioning systems. In our work, a novel VLP system using an event-based neuromorphic vision sensor (event camera) as the light receiver is proposed. Due to the low latency and microsecond-level temporal resolution of the event camera, our VLP system is able to identify multiple high-frequency flickering LEDs in asynchronous events simultaneously leaving out the need for data association and traditional image processing methods. A multi-LED fusion method is applied and a high positioning accuracy of 3cm is achieved when the height between LEDs and the event camera is within 1m.

  • 5.
    Chen, Guang
    et al.
    Tongji Univ, Sch Automot Studies, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.;Tech Univ Munich, Chair Robot Artificial Intelligence & Real Time S, D-80333 Munich, Germany..
    Hong, Lin
    Shandong Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Transportat, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, Peoples R China..
    Dong, Jinhu
    Tongji Univ, Sch Automot Studies, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China..
    Liu, Peigen
    Tongji Univ, Sch Automot Studies, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China..
    Conradt, Jörg
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Knoll, Alois
    Tech Univ Munich, Chair Robot Artificial Intelligence & Real Time S, D-80333 Munich, Germany..
    EDDD: Event-Based Drowsiness Driving Detection Through Facial Motion Analysis With Neuromorphic Vision Sensor2020In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 20, no 11, p. 6170-6181Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Drowsiness driving is a principal factor of many fatal traffic accidents. This paper presents the first event-based drowsiness driving detection (EDDD) system by using the recently developed neuromorphic vision sensor. Compared with traditional frame-based cameras, neuromorphic vision sensors, such as Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS), have a high dynamic range and do not acquire full images at a fixed frame rate but rather have independent pixels that output intensity changes (called events) asynchronously at the time they occur. Since events are generated by moving edges in the scene, DVS is considered as an efficient and effective detector for the drowsiness driving-related motions. Based on this unique output, this work first proposes a highly efficient method to recognize and localize the driver's eyes and mouth motions from event streams. We further design and extract event-based drowsiness-related features directly from the event streams caused by eyes and mouths motions, then the EDDD model is established based on these features. Additionally, we provide the EDDD dataset, the first public dataset dedicated to event-based drowsiness driving detection. The EDDD dataset has 260 recordings in daytime and evening with several challenging scenes such as subjects wearing glasses/sunglasses. Experiments are conducted based on this dataset and demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of our method under different illumination conditions. As the first investigation of the usage of DVS in drowsiness driving detection applications, we hope that this work will inspire more event-based drowsiness driving detection research.

  • 6.
    Damiati, Samar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Biochem, Fac Sci, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.;KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Prot Sci, Sci Life Lab, Div Nanobiotechnol, S-17121 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Sopstad, Sindre
    Univ South Eastern Norway, Fac Technol Nat Sci & Maritime, Dept Microsyst, N-3184 Borre, Norway..
    Peacock, Martin
    Zimmer & Peacock Ltd, Royston SG8 9JL, England..
    Akhtar, Ahmad Saleem
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Pinto, Ines Fernandes
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Soares, Ruben R. G.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Russom, Aman
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Flex Printed Circuit Board Implemented Grapene-Based DNA Sensor for Detection of SARS-CoV-22021In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 21, no 12, p. 13060-13067Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Since the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, ongoing efforts have been made to develop sensitive diagnostic platforms. Detection of viral RNA provides the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of early and asymptomatic infections. Thus, this work aimed at developing a label-free genosensor composed of graphene as a working electrode that could be embedded into a flex printed circuit board (FPCB) for the rapid, sensitive, amplification-free and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2. To facilitate liquid handling and ease of use, the developed biosensor was embedded with a user-friendly reservoir chamber. As a proof-of-concept, detection of a synthetic DNA strand matching the sequence of ORF1ab was performed as a two-step strategy involving the immobilization of a biotinylated complementary sequence on a streptavidin-modified surface, followed by hybridization with the target sequence recorded by the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique in the presence of a ferro/ferricyanide redox couple. The effective design of the sensing platform improved its selectivity and sensitivity and allowed DNA quantification ranging from 100 fg/mL to 1 mu g/mL. Combining the electrochemical technique with FPCB enabled rapid detection of the target sequence using a small volume of the sample (5-20 mu L). We achieved a limit-of-detection of 100 fg/mL, whereas the predicted value was similar to 33 fg/mL, equivalent to approximately 5 x 10(5) copies/mL and comparable to sensitivities provided by isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests. We believe that the developed approach proves the ability of an FPCB-implemented DNA sensor to act as a potentially simpler and more affordable diagnostic assay for viral infections in Point-Of-Care (POC) applications.

  • 7.
    Feng, Yi
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Lopez Cabezas, Ana
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Chen, Qiang
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Zheng, Li-Rong
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Zhang, Zhi-Bin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Flexible UHF Resistive Humidity Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes2012In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 12, no 9, p. 2844-2850Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the investigation of the resistive humidity-sensing properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs functionalized by acid treatment (f-MWCNTs) exhibit rather high sensitivity in resistance toward humidity, owing to the presence of carboxylic groups on the nanotube surface. By integrating the f-MWCNTs resistor into a wireless sensor platform, flexible humidity sensors for ultra-high frequency applications are investigated. The operating frequency range of the sensor is dramatically increased from 600 MHz to 2 GHz by adjusting the resistor-electrodes' configuration. This enhancement is predominately attributed to the variation in parasitic capacitance between the resistor-electrodes.

  • 8.
    Feng, Yi
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Industrial and Medical Electronics. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Xie, Li
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Industrial and Medical Electronics. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Chen, Qiang
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Industrial and Medical Electronics. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Zheng, Li-Rong
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Industrial and Medical Electronics. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Low Cost Printed Chipless RFID Humidity Sensor Tag for Intelligent Packaging2015In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 15, no 6, p. 3201-3208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents a fully-printed chipless radio frequency identification sensor tag for short-range item identification and humidity monitoring applications. The tag consists of two planar inductor-capacitor resonators operating wirelessly through inductive coupling. One resonator is used to encode ID data based on frequency spectrum signature, and another one works as a humidity sensor, utilizing a paper substrate as a sensing material. The sensing performances of three paper substrates, including commercial packaging paper, are investigated. The use of paper provides excellent sensitivity and reasonable response time to humidity. The cheap and robust packaging paper, particularly, exhibits the largest sensitivity over the relative humidity range from 20% to 70%, which offers the possibility of directly printing the sensor tag on traditional packages to make the package intelligent at ultralow cost.

  • 9. Fu, Hongyan
    et al.
    Shu, X. W.
    Suo, R.
    Zhang, L.
    He, Sailing
    Bennion, I.
    Transversal-Load Sensor by Using Local Pressure on a Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating2010In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 10, no 6, p. 1140-1141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A transversal-load sensor based on the local pressure-induced refractive index change in a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) is proposed. The local pressure induced refractive index change in the touch point can generate a main transmission peak and several subpeaks on the long wavelength side of the reflection band of the CFBG. The difference of the wavelength shifts for the main transmission peak and the first subpeak is used to measure transversal-load with temperature compensation capability.

  • 10. Guan, Zu-Guang
    et al.
    Zhang, A. Ping
    Liao, Ran
    He, Sailing
    Wavelength detection of coherence-multiplexed fiber-optic sensors based on long-period grating pairs2007In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 7, no 01-2, p. 36-37Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Haseeb, Mohamed Abudulaziz Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL.
    Parasuraman, Ramviyas
    Univ Georgia, Dept Comp Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA..
    Wisture: Touch-Less Hand Gesture Classification in Unmodified Smartphones Using Wi-Fi Signals2019In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 257-267Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper introduces Wisture, a new online machine learning solution for recognizing touch-less hand gestures on a smartphone (mobile device). Wisture relies on the standard Wi-Fi received signal strength measurements, long short-term memory recurrent neural network (RNN) learning method, thresholding filters, and a traffic induction approach. Unlike other Wi-Fi-based gesture recognition methods, the proposed method does not require a modification of the device hardware or the operating system and performs the gesture recognition without interfering with the normal operation of other smartphone applications. We discuss the characteristics of Wisture and conduct extensive experiments to compare the performance of the RNN learning method against the state-of the-art machine learning solutions regarding both accuracy and efficiency. The experiments include a set of different scenarios with a change in spatial setup and network traffic between the smartphone and Wi-Fi access points. The results show that Wisture achieves an online gesture recognition accuracy of up to 93% (average 78%) in detecting and classifying three gestures.

  • 12. Hök, Bertil
    et al.
    Pettersson, Håkan
    Kaisdotter Andersson, Annika
    Haasl, Sjoerd
    Åkerlund, Per
    Breath Analyzer for Alcolocks and Screening Devices2010In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 10, p. 10-15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alcolocks and alcohol screening devices are becoming commonplace, and their use is expected to grow rapidly with cost reduction and improved usability. A new breath analyzer prototype is demonstrated, with the prospects of eliminating the mouthpiece, reducing expiration time and volume, improving long-term stability, and reducing life cycle cost. Simultaneous CO<sub>2</sub> measurements compensate for the sample dilution and unsaturated expiration. Infrared transmission spectroscopy is used for both the alcohol and CO<sub>2</sub> measurement, yet the entire system is contained within a small handheld unit. Experimental results are reported on the device sensitivity, linearity, resolution, and influence from varying measuring distance. The correlation between early and full-time sampling was established in 60 subjects. Basic concept verification was obtained, whereas resolution and selectivity still needs to be improved. Further improvements are expected by system optimization and integration.

  • 13. Iqbal, W.
    et al.
    Abbas, H.
    Rauf, B.
    Abbas, Y.
    Amjad, F.
    Hemani, Ahmed
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Electronic and embedded systems.
    PCSS: Privacy Preserving Communication Scheme for SDN Enabled Smart Homes2022In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 22, no 18, p. 17677-17690Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Smart home technology aka home automation system allows the homeowner and residents to control and monitor the smart devices like HVAC, fridge, doors, cameras etc. These features offer peace of mind to users by providing a safe and well-suited environment. However, at the same time the connected devices are exploited by the cybercriminals for carrying out various sophisticated attacks due to no or minimal security functionalities in the currently produced smart devices. Due to no authentication and plain text data transmission, intruders can get user profiles, learn user behavior, and can even inject malwares in the un-authenticated devices. Therefore, authentication and privacy preserving user queries remains the key issues in wide adaptation of such technologies. Adding to this dilemma, the traditional security solutions cannot be deployed in the low processing devices. Therefore, to overcome the security issues of these low processing gadgets, a network level, lightweight cryptographic security mechanisms are necessitated where the processing is done at the network level middle box rather than low resources end devices. In this aspect, the evolving networking paradigm Software Defined Networking (SDN) offers such properties like programmability, agility, centralized management, and vendor neutrality that overcome the conventional networking control, management, and security problems. The controller of SDN at the control layer manages all the computation and complexities at the network level, rather than at the smart devices. Therefore, in this research, we present a privacy preserving communication scheme for SDN enabled smart homes (PCSS), which aims at provisioning user and smart device authentication, privacy for data (rest and transit) and user queries. It hinders the learning and modification of data by any intruder during the transmission and features mutual authentication of user, controller, and smart device. PCSS, also offers privacy preserving user queries for the smart homes. This is achieved by proposing a symmetric key based lightweight authentication and searchable encrypted queries protocol. We further highlight that the experimental results show the efficacy and usefulness of PCSS scheme when compared with existing secure smart home/system protocols. 

  • 14. Javed, Nimra
    et al.
    Habib, Ayesha
    Amin, Yasar
    Loo, Jonathan
    Akram, Adeel
    Tenhunen, Hannu
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Industrial and Medical Electronics. University of Turku, Finland.
    Directly Printable Moisture Sensor Tag for Intelligent Packaging2016In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 16, no 16, p. 6147-6148Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A compact, flexible 24-b dual-polarized chip-less radio frequency identification tag with a size of 20.6mm x 19.9mm is realized. The tag structure is optimized and analyzed for Taconic, Kapton HN and organic substrate. The prototype fabricated on HP photopaper with silver nanoparticles-based conductive ink is exhibiting a behavior of moisture sensor. The proposed moisture sensor tag has a bandwidth of 13.5GHz. The direct printability of moisture sensor tag makes it suitable for intelligent packaging and various low-cost applications.

  • 15. Jiang, M.
    et al.
    Guan, Z. G.
    He, Sailing
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electromagnetic Engineering.
    Multiplexing scheme for self-interfering long-period fiber gratings using a low-coherence reflectometry2007In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 7, no 11-12, p. 1663-1667Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel multiplexing scheme based on a low-coherence reflectometry (LCR) is proposed for a sensing array (in parallel) of self-interfering long-period fiber gratings (SI-LPGs). Each SI-LPG sensor consists of an LPG and a section of fiber with a highly reflective end (mirror). The spectral information of each LPG is sensitive to some parameters of the surrounding measurand and can be reconstructed from the corresponding subreflectograms (obtained by the LCR) through a fast Fourier transformation. The sensing signals of multiple SI-LPG sensors can be multiplexed if the length of the fiber section in each sensor is set to a different value. Experiments of measuring the surrounding temperature at different sensors are demonstrated to show the good performance of our multiplexing system.

  • 16.
    Shamu, John
    et al.
    Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
    Kotze, Reinhardt
    Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa.
    Wiklund, Johan
    SP Tech Res Inst Sweden, S-40229 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Characterization of Acoustic Beam Propagation Through High-Grade Stainless Steel Pipes for Improved Pulsed Ultrasound Velocimetry Measurements in Complex Industrial Fluids2016In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 16, no 14, p. 5636-5647, article id 7470576Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The newly developed Flow-Viz rheometric system is capable of performing detailed non-invasive velocimetry measurements through industrial stainless steel pipes. However, in order to improve the current design for non-invasive measurements in industrial fluids, pulsed ultrasound sensors need to be acoustically characterized. In this paper, acoustic characterization tests were carried out, with the aim of measuring the ultrasound beam propagation through stainless steel (SS316L) pipes and into water. For these tests, a high-precision robotic XYZ-scanner and needle hydrophone setup was used. Several ultrasound sensor configurations were mounted onto stainless steel pipes, while using different coupling media between the transducer-to-wedge and sensor wedge-to-pipe boundaries. The ultrasound beam propagation after the wall interface was measured by using a planar measuring technique along the beam’s focal axis. By using this technique, the output for each test was a 2-D acoustic color map detailing the acoustic intensity of the ultrasound beam. Measured beam properties depicted critical parameters, such as the start distance of the focal zone, focal zone length, Doppler angle, and peak energy within the focal zone. Variations in the measured beam properties were highly dependent on the acoustic couplants used at the different interfaces within the sensor unit. Complete non-invasive Doppler ultrasound sensor technology was for the first time acoustically characterized through industrial grade stainless steel. This information will now be used to further optimize the non-invasive technology for advanced industrial applications.

  • 17.
    Skog, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Information Science and Engineering.
    Karagiannis, Ioannis
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Bergsten, Anders Betts
    Harden, Jonas
    Gustafsson, Lars
    Handel, Peter
    A Smart Sensor Node for the Internet-of-Elevators-Non-Invasive Condition and Fault Monitoring2017In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 17, no 16, p. 5198-5208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The signal processing scheme of a smart sensor node for the Internet-of-Elevators is presented. The sensor node is a self-contained black box unit only requiring power to be supplied, which enables a cost efficient way to modernize existing elevator systems in terms of condition monitoring capabilities. The sensor node monitors the position of the elevator using an inertial navigation system in conjugation with a simultaneous localization and mapping framework. Features reflecting the elevator system's operation and health condition are calculated by evaluating the ride quality parameters defined by the ISO 18738-1 standards, the vibration versus frequency spectrum, and the vibration versus position spectrum. Abnormal stops are identified by detecting decelerations that deviate from the typical deceleration pattern of the elevator or when the stopping position of the elevator does not match the learned floor levels. Furthermore, the condition of the door system is monitored by tracking the magnetic field variations that the motion of the doors creates; the number of door openings and the time required for the doors to close are estimated. The capability and performance of the blacksignal processing scheme are illustrated through a series of experiments. The experiments show, inter alia, that using low-cost sensors similar to those in a smartphone, the position of the elevator car can, with 99.9% probability, be estimated with an error of less than 1 m for travels up to 43 s long. The experiments also indicate that small degradations in the doors' closing time can be detected from the magnetic field measurements.

  • 18.
    Söderman, Pehr
    et al.
    KTH. Kattis, Vaxholm, 185 93, Sweden.
    Grinnemo, Karl-Johan
    Karlstad Univ, Dept Comp Sci, S-65188 Karlstad, Sweden..
    Hidell, Markus
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Communication Systems, CoS.
    Sjödin, Peter
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Communication Systems, CoS.
    A Comparative Analysis of Buffer Management Algorithms for Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks2021In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 21, no 7, p. 9612-9619Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the challenges in Delay Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks (DT-WSN), is to handle situations where the available buffer space is insufficient- the buffer management problem. Although several buffer management algorithms have been proposed for DT-WSNs, to the best of our knowledge, there is no comprehensive study on the effects different factors have on their performance, and which evaluates the relative performance of these algorithms in different contexts. This paper evaluates in a fixed-factor factorial experiment the performance in terms of latency and Quality of Information (QoI) of four representative buffer management algorithms for DT-WSNs; two traditional, FiFO and Random, and two QoI-based algorithms- one proposed by Humber and Ngai and the SmartGap algorithm. The evaluation suggests that the buffer management algorithm in combination with employed routing protocol and the sensor node buffer sizes have a significant impact on latency, while the obtained QoI rather depends on the characteristics of the transported data and the routing protocol, provided a single-copy routing protocol is used. Moreover, the evaluation suggests that QoI-based buffer management algorithms do offer improved QoI, with an 31% improvement in MAE for SmartGap compared to FIFO. However, they do so at the expense of higher latency, with SmartGap giving a 60% higher latency than FIFO on average.

  • 19.
    Wang, Le
    et al.
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, UM JI Joint Inst, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China..
    Zheng, Xueke
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, UM JI Joint Inst, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Ying
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Decision and Control Systems (Automatic Control).
    Qiu, Yu
    SAIC Motor R&D Innovat Headquarters, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China..
    Li, Mian
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, GIFT, Shanghai, Peoples R China..
    A Hybrid Data-Driven Soft Sensor Framework for Torque Estimation2023In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 23, no 20, p. 24993-25004Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Efficient torque estimation plays an important role for the real-time durability analysis of vehicle components. It is desired to replace expensive torque sensors by applying soft sensor methods to accurately estimate the torque signals. However, due to the occurrence of the dead-zone phenomenon in torque signals on part-time four-wheel-drive (PT-4WD) vehicles when accelerating or braking (BK), normal linear identification methods, like multiple-input single-output finite impulse response (MISO-FIR), may not be directly applicable for torque estimation. A novel data-driven soft sensor method including an estimator and a classifier is proposed in this article. First, a logistic regression (LR) based classifier uses the low sampling-frequency input data to detect the time periods when the dead-zone phenomenon happens. Then, an estimator, using MISO-FIR, is applied to estimate the target output based on the other known sensor signals over time periods detected by the classifier. As a result, a complicated nonlinear system identification problem has been solved with the proposed bounded-input bounded-output and explainable method. The proposed hybrid method is validated on multiple experiments with historical datasets where the dead-zone phenomenon occurs. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms multiple baseline methods in the comparison study, achieving a smaller normalized mean squared error (NMSE) and a larger goodness of fit (FIT) with a considerably lower computational cost.

  • 20.
    Xie, Li
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Feng, Yi
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Mantysalo, Matti
    Chen, Qiang
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Zheng, Li-Rong
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic Systems. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK.
    Integration of f-MWCNT Sensor and Printed Circuits on Paper Substrate2013In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 13, no 10, p. 3948-3956Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The integration of sensors endows the packages with intelligence and interactivity. This paper is considered the most suitable substrate of smart packages because it is cost-effective, light, flexible, and recyclable. However, common concern exists regarding the reliability of paper-based system against bending and folding. In this paper, inkjet-printing of silver nanoparticles is used to form circuit pattern as well as interconnections for system integration on paper substrate. A humidity sensor made by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes is fabricated on the same substrate. We evaluate the electrical performance of paper electronics and the reliability against bending and folding. The results reveal the capability and the limitation of paper electronics in terms of flexibility. The concept of a paper-based smart electronic system and the manufacture process are demonstrated by an interactive humidity sensor card prototype.

  • 21. Zhong, Jianghua
    et al.
    Kleijn, W. Bastiaan
    Hu, Xiaoming
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Optimization and Systems Theory. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Camera Control in Multi-Camera Systems for Video Quality Enhancement2014In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 14, no 9, p. 2955-2966Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Multiview video captured by multi-camera systems has been widely used in many applications such as surveillance, 3D television, and free viewpoint television. After capturing, the multi-camera system generally requires to compress a large amount of multiview data due to limitations on the transmission capacity. To improve video quality, previous work on video compression focused on algorithm refinements when a raw multiview video is compressed at a limited bit-rate, whereas existing work on instrumentation generally introduced higher resolution capture and additional hardware. In contrast, this paper uses camera control to enhance video quality. Individual cameras are controlled to adjust their pan angles and focal lengths to compensate for both object location difference and color inconsistency among camera views at the video acquisition stage. Such a compensation makes the camera images more similar and therefore improves the video quality when a raw multiview video is compressed at a limited bit-rate. The optimal pan angle and focal length are designed for each camera. An example application is to monitor a potted plant in real time for ornamental horticulture study. Experimental results validate the camera control method.

  • 22. Zhu, Jing-Jing
    et al.
    Zhang, A. Ping
    Xia, Tian-Hao
    He, Sailing
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electromagnetic Engineering.
    Xue, Wei
    Fiber-Optic High-Temperature Sensor Based on Thin-Core Fiber Modal Interferometer2010In: IEEE Sensors Journal, ISSN 1530-437X, E-ISSN 1558-1748, Vol. 10, no 9, p. 1415-1418Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a new fiber-optic high-temperature sensor based on a thin-core fiber (TCF) modal interferometer. A thin-core fiber, whose core radius is about half of the radius of a standard single-mode fiber (SMF), is inserted between standard SMFs to form an extremely simple in-fiber modal interferometer. The wavelength of the transmission dip increases linearly with the temperature. Experimental demonstration shows that it can be used to sense temperature up to 850 degrees C with a sensitivity of about 18.3 pm/degrees C.

1 - 22 of 22
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