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  • 1.
    Ahmad, Arslan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering. KWR Water Cycle Res Inst, Groningenhaven 7, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands.;;Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands.;Evides Water Co NV, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Rutten, Sam
    Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    de Waal, Luuk
    KWR Water Cycle Res Inst, Groningenhaven 7, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands..
    Vollaard, Peter
    Evides Water Co NV, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    van Genuchten, Case
    Geol Survey Denmark & Greenland GEUS, Copenhagen, Denmark.;Univ Utrecht, Fac Geosci, Dept Earth Sci Geochem, Utrecht, Netherlands..
    Bruning, Harry
    Evides Water Co NV, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Cornelissen, Emile
    KWR Water Cycle Res Inst, Groningenhaven 7, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands..
    van der Wal, Albert
    Wageningen Univ & Res, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands.;Evides Water Co NV, Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Mechanisms of arsenate removal and membrane fouling in ferric based coprecipitation-low pressure membrane filtration systems2020In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 241, article id 116644Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ferric based coprecipitation-low pressure membrane filtration is a promising arsenic (As) removal method, however, membrane fouling mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we investigated the effect of feed water composition and membrane pore size on arsenate [As(V)] removal and membrane fouling. We observed that As removal efficiency was independent of the membrane pore size because the size of the Fe(III) particles was larger than the pore size of the membranes, attributed to a high calcium concentration in the feed water. Arsenic coprecipitation with Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides rapidly reached equilibrium before membrane filtration, within 1 min. Therefore, As removal efficiency was not improved by increasing residence time before membrane filtration. The removal of As(V) was strongly dependent on feed water composition. A higher Fe(III) dose was required to reduce As(V) to sub-mu g/L levels for feed water containing higher concentration of oxyanions such as phosphate and silicate, and lower concentration of cations such as calcium. Cake-layer formation was observed to be the predominant membrane fouling mechanism.

  • 2.
    Ahmad, Arslan
    et al.
    KWR Water Cycle Res Inst, Groningenhaven 7, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands.;KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Sustainable Dev Environm Sci & Engn, KTH Int Groundwater Arsen Res Grp, Stockholm, Sweden.;WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands.;Evides Water Co NV, Schaardijk 150, NL-3063 NH Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Rutten, Sam
    WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Eikelboom, Martijn
    WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    de Waal, Luuk
    KWR Water Cycle Res Inst, Groningenhaven 7, NL-3433 PE Nieuwegein, Netherlands..
    Bruning, Harry
    WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    van der Wal, Albert
    WUR, Dept Environm Technol, Wageningen, Netherlands.;Evides Water Co NV, Schaardijk 150, NL-3063 NH Rotterdam, Netherlands..
    Impact of phosphate, silicate and natural organic matter on the size of Fe(III) precipitates and arsenate co-precipitation efficiency in calcium containing water2020In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 235, article id 116117Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Removal of arsenic (As) from water by co-precipitation with Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides is a widely used technique in water treatment. Nevertheless, As removal efficiency appears to be sensitive to the composition of the water matrix. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the independent and combined effects of silicate (Si), phosphate (P), natural organic matter (NOM) and calcium (Ca) on arsenate [As(V)] co-precipitation efficiency and the size of Fe(III) precipitates. We found that, in complex solutions, containing multiple solutes and high levels of Ca, (variations in) Si and P concentrations reduce As(V) removal to some extent, mainly due to a decreased adsorption of As(V) onto Fe(III) precipitates. On the other hand, NOM concentrations reduced As(V) removal to a much greater extent, due to possible formation of mobile Fe(III)-NOM complexes that were difficult to remove by filtration. These findings have a great significance for predicting As(V) removal as a function of seasonal and process-related water quality changes at water treatment plants.

  • 3.
    Bergström, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Vomhoff, Hannes
    Literature review of experimental hydrocyclone flow field studies2007In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 53, no 1, p. 8-20Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The complex flow field of hydrocyclones has been experimentally investigated on several occasions. Most studies present similar results for the tangential velocity component. In the inner part of the cyclone, it resembles a solid-body rotation, while it typically has a free-vortex-like behavior in the outer part. When looking at the axial velocity component, the results are more diversified. Most studies show a downward velocity close to the wall and an upward velocity in the center. However, some studies report a heavily varying axial velocity over short radii close to the centerline. The radial velocity component appears to be the most problematic one to measure. Dissimilarities in measurement results between the studies are often greater than similarities. However, later studies agree on an increasing inward radial velocity towards the hydrocyclone center. Despite the obvious relationship, extremely little experimental research work can be found in the literature where changes to the flow field are connected to changes in separation efficiency.

  • 4.
    Chen, Lan
    et al.
    Beijing Forestry Univ, Beijing Key Lab Lignocellulos Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China..
    Liao, Shouwei
    South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Green Chem Prod Technol, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    Yu, Dongkun
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. Renmin Univ China, Dept Chem, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China..
    Li, Libo
    South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Green Chem Prod Technol, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    Mu, Tiancheng
    Renmin Univ China, Dept Chem, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China..
    Xue, Zhimin
    Beijing Forestry Univ, Beijing Key Lab Lignocellulos Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China..
    Innovative aryl-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent for efficient removal of dyes and nanoplastics2023In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 308, article id 122903Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Efficient absorption is a highly important strategy to remove environmental pollutants (i.e., dyes and nano plastics), which relays on the development of innovative and sustainable absorbents. Herein, we designed an innovative aryl-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) using diphenylamine (DPA) and benzophenone (BZP) as the component at a molar ratio of 1:1, and this novel DES was denoted as DPA:BZP-1:1. The developed DPA:BZP-1:1 could efficiently adsorb RhB and PS nanoparticles from their aqueous solution/suspension, and the absorption efficiency could reach up to 97.3% and 80%, respectively. Notably, DPA:BZP-1:1 showed a higher absorption efficiency than commercial activated carbon. Experimental and computational results revealed that hydrogen bonding and 7C-7C stacking synergistically contributed to the excellent absorption ability of DPA:BZP-1:1 on dye Rhodamine B (RhB) and polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics. To the best our knowledge, this is the first study on efficient absorption of dye and nanoplastics by aryl-based DESs.

  • 5.
    del Pozo, David Fernandes
    et al.
    Univ Ghent, Dept Data Anal & Math Modelling, BIOMATH, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.;Ctr Adv Proc Technol Urban Resource Recovery CAPT, Ghent, Belgium..
    Ahmad, Arslan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering. Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708, PB, Wageningen, Netherlands.
    Rehman, Usman
    AM TEAM, Dendermondsesteenweg 48-1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.;Ctr Adv Proc Technol Urban Resource Recovery CAPT, Ghent, Belgium..
    Verliefde, Arne
    Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Dept Green Chem & Technol, Particle & Interfacial Technol Grp,PaInT, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.;Ctr Adv Proc Technol Urban Resource Recovery CAPT, Ghent, Belgium..
    Nopens, Ingmar
    Univ Ghent, Dept Data Anal & Math Modelling, BIOMATH, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.;AM TEAM, Dendermondsesteenweg 48-1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.;Ctr Adv Proc Technol Urban Resource Recovery CAPT, Ghent, Belgium..
    A novel CFD model to predict effluent solids concentration and pressure drop in deep bed granular filters for water treatment2022In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 295, article id 121232Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rapid sand filtration is a widely used technology to remove suspended solids in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants. One of the challenges of the rapid sand filtration is to reliably predict the removal efficiency of suspended solids and pressure drop as a function of filtration time. In this study we put forward a novel CFD model to simultaneously predict the solids concentration in the effluent and hydraulic resistence build-up in rapid sand filters. The CFD model is assessed against lab scale filtration data at different filter media grain sizes and filtration velocities. Our results show an overall satisfactory agreement with the observations. Finally, we highlight the complexity and need for further work in developing general CFD models for rapid sand filtration.

  • 6. Durruty, J.
    et al.
    Mattsson, T.
    Theliander, Hans
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Local filtration properties of Kraft lignin: The influence of residual xylan2017In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 179, p. 455-466Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of lignin and xylan interactions on the filtration properties of precipitated LignoBoost lignin was investigated. LignoBoost lignin was (i) suspended in acid water with xylan added and (ii) dissolved together with xylan and then re-precipitated. The resulting lignin-xylan mixtures were more difficult to filter than the original LignoBoost lignin, although the formed filter cake was also found more porous in the case of re-precipitated solids. Furthermore, the pressure dependency of the filtration properties was shown to increase after the addition of xylan. One possible explanation based on the findings presented in this paper is that xylan is sorbed at the surface of the lignin agglomerates: it increases the contact area between solid and liquid, thus making the particle structure more porous. The influence of ionic strength was also investigated through the addition of sodium sulphate: it was found that increasing the ionic strength of the slurries made the solids easier to separate, possibly due to a decrease in electrostatic repulsive interactions between the solids and the formation of a denser solid structure.

  • 7. Flyborg, L.
    et al.
    Björlenius, Berndt
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Ullner, M.
    Persson, K. M.
    A PLS model for predicting rejection of trace organic compounds by nanofiltration using treated wastewater as feed2017In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 174, p. 212-221Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study a Partial Least Squares Projection of Latent Structures (PLS) model has been developed for predicting the rejection of pharmaceutical residuals by nanofiltration (NF) using treated municipal wastewater as feed. The objective was to provide a practical tool for wastewater reuse facilities for estimating the rejection of emerging organic contaminants based on their physiochemical characteristics. The model was developed by identifying the important physiochemical properties of pharmaceutical residuals for rejection by NF. The investigated pharmaceuticals were those present in the effluent from Henriksdal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Sweden. The rejection, at volume reduction factors (VRF) ranging from 2 to 20, was examined in a NF pilot plant at two occasions. The important variables for rejection by NF were, in descending order: polarizability, globularity, ratio hydrophobic to polar water accessible surface area and compound charge. Two studies were performed with a time interval of about a year with different wastewater matrices and age of membranes. For different VRFs, but in the same study, the model produced consistent predicted rejections. For the same VRF, but in the different studies, the regression lines were almost parallel, but with a deviation of about 7% for the predicted values. Most of the compounds were within the 95% prediction interval. The model also proved to be able to predict rejection using data from the literature. This confirms that the predictive PLS model can estimate the rejection albeit, with limitations. Generally the proposed predictive rejection model is most likely valid but the model coefficients need to be determined for each individual WWTP or wastewater reuse facility.

  • 8.
    Korkmaz, Kivanc
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Alemrajabi, Mahmood
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Rasmuson, Åke C.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Forsberg, Kerstin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Separation of Valuable Elements from NiMH Battery Leach Liquor via Antisolvent Precipitation2020In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 234, article id 115812Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rare earth elements (REE) have been selectively recovered from NiMH battery leach liquors by antisolvent precipitation. The active anode material was leached using sulfuric acid. The REE were then separated from the other elements by precipitation as sulfates after addition of either ethanol or 2-propanol (antisolvent). In a second step, Ni and Co are separated as sulfates by the same technique. The concentration of elements in different acid alcohol mixtures at 25 degrees C and -10 degrees C respectively are presented as a function of time after addition of the alcohol, and the optimum conditions for separation of the REE in pure form are presented. Under optimum conditions, 5.6 mol/L (Organic/Aqueous (O/A) volumetric ratio = 0.7) of 2-propanol at 25 degrees C, 82% of the REE have precipitated 3 h after addition of the antisolvent and the purity is 99.9%.

  • 9.
    Kullab, Alaa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Martin, Andrew
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Membrane distillation and applications for water purification in thermal cogeneration plants2011In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 76, no 3, p. 231-237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Water treatment is an important auxiliary process in all thermal cogeneration plants. In this context membrane distillation (MD) is a novel technology that has potential advantages in: the ability to utilize low-grade heat instead of electricity; reduced sensitivity to fluctuations in pH or salt concentrations. This research is a continuation of a previously conducted theoretical study where the performance of MD-based water treatment was explored via laboratory testing, system simulations of thermodynamic performance, and economic evaluations. The current paper, encompassing field trials, contains details of a test rig deployed at Idbacken Cogeneration Facility (Nykoping, Sweden) with a five-module MD unit capable of producing 1-2 m(3)/day purified water. District heating supply line was employed for heating while municipal water was used for cooling; feed stocks include municipal water and flue gas condensate. A long-term performance evaluation including thorough chemical testing of product water quality is presented. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  • 10.
    Lidén, Anna
    et al.
    Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Karna, Nabin Kumar
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Mattsson, Tuve
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Theliander, Hans
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dewatering microcrystalline cellulose: The influence of ionic strength2021In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 264, article id 118245Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the influence of the ionic strength on the dead-end filtration of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) suspensions in the range of 0.1–1 g/L NaCl, in altering the electrostatic interactions between particles. The formation of larger agglomerates of increasing ionic concentration was observed using Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM®). Local filtration properties were investigated as the experimental set-up allowed for measurements of local hydrostatic pressure and solidosity to be made. The results show that the addition of ions decreases both the average and local filtration resistance. The formation of a resistant skin layer was observed for the suspension without the addition of NaCl but was counteracted when ions were added. Furthermore, the ionic strength did not seem to have any notable effect on the structure of the cake in the range 0.15–1.0 g/L NaCl. However, the pressure dependency of the solidosity at lower ionic concentration was higher. The local filtration properties were fitted to semi-empirical relations, which indicated the formation of moderately to highly compressible cakes when NaCl was added.

  • 11.
    Ma, Yiqian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Svärd, Michael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Xiao, Xiong
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Sahadevan, Suchithra Ashoka
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Gardner, James M.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Olsson, Richard
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Forsberg, Kerstin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Eutectic freeze crystallization for recovery of NiSO4 and CoSO4 hydrates from sulfate solutions2022In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 286, article id 120308Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC) was investigated to recover NiSO4 and CoSO4 hydrates from aqueous and dilute sulfuric acid solutions of metal sulfates. Binary phase diagrams were established using a combination of thermodynamic modeling and experimental data. The mixed-solvent electrolyte (MSE) model was employed to model solid–liquid phase equilibria. The predicted binary phase diagrams from the model were in good agreement with the experimental results. Experimental eutectic temperatures and eutectic metal sulfate concentrations for the NiSO4-H2O and CoSO4-H2O systems are −3.3 °C and 20.8 wt% and −2.9 °C and 19.3 wt%, respectively. For NiSO4-H2SO4-H2O and CoSO4-H2SO4-H2O systems, the eutectic temperature and eutectic metal sulfate concentration decrease with increasing H2SO4 concentration. Batch experiments were performed to study the EFC of different sulfate solutions, including 25- wt% NiSO4 in H2O, 20- wt% NiSO4 in 0.5 mol/kg H2SO4, 25- wt% CoSO4 in H2O, and 20- wt% CoSO4 in 0.5 mol/kg H2SO4. The results show that controlling the supersaturation allows high-quality ice and salt crystals to be recovered as separate phases under eutectic conditions, with the crystalline salts in the form of heptahydrates. This study shows that EFC can be a promising alternative to evaporative crystallization for recovering NiSO4 and CoSO4 hydrates from sulfate solutions.

  • 12.
    Marobhe, Nancy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Renman, Gunno
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Jackson, Msafiri
    Mgana, Shabaan
    Purification of water from small man-made reservoirs by coagulation using purified proteins from Vigna and Parkinsonia seeds2008In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Mattsson, Tuve
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.;Chalmers Univ Technol,.
    Lewis, William J. T.
    Univ Bath, Dept Chem Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England..
    Chew, Y. M. John
    Univ Bath, Dept Chem Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England..
    Bird, Michael R.
    Univ Bath, Dept Chem Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England..
    The use of fluid dynamic gauging in investigating the thickness and cohesive strength of cake fouling layers formed during cross-flow microfiltration2018In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 198, p. 25-30Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A common challenge during membrane filtration is cake fouling, whereby the build-up of material on the membrane surface reduces the permeate flux. Such fouling layers can also alter the selectivity of the separation. In this study, fluid dynamic gauging (FDG) is used in situ to investigate the cake fouling formed during cross-flow filtration of a model material: softwood Kraft lignin. FDG was used to estimate (i) the thickness of the cake layers (in the gm scale) and (ii) the local cohesive strength at different depths in the cake layer. Fouling layers formed at different transmembrane pressure (TMP) values were investigated. The estimated thickness of the cake layers increased with increasing TMP. However, it was difficult to capture the full cake thickness for the more loosely formed cakes layers. An increase in the cohesive strength of the cake was found to occur with increasing TMP values.

  • 14. Mattsson, Tuve
    et al.
    Sedin, Maria
    Theliander, Hans
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Filtration properties and skin formation of micro-crystalline cellulose2012In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 96, p. 139-146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Solid-liquid filtration is an important unit operation used in several applications in the pulp and paper industry. It can be challenging especially for materials that forms filter cakes that has a tendency to be highly compressible. The formation of a skin, i.e. an initial cake with a considerably higher filtration resistance, can further increase the filtration resistance for these filter cakes. The separation process in these cases requires considerably larger filter areas. This study investigates skin formation during the filtration of micro-crystalline cellulose, examining the effect of the filter medium, filtration pressure and pH. Depending on the choice of filter medium, the average specific filtration resistance was found to vary by more than one order of magnitude. A decrease in the suspension pH from 6.3 to 2.9 lowered both the filtration resistance and the differences between the filtration media. Using local pressure profiles, a region of high filtration resistance for some of the filter media and pH values was identified close to the bottom of the filter cell. Characterisation of the media and micro-crystalline cellulose indicated that internal clogging of the filter medium was unlikely. This suggests that the filter cake closest to the filter medium had a considerably higher filtration resistance compared to the cake formed immediately after, i.e. a skin had been formed under certain conditions.

  • 15.
    Mohamed, Alaaeldin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics. Cairo University, Egypt; Akhbar El Yom Academy, Egypt.
    Yousef, S.
    Ali Abdelnaby, M.
    Osman, T. A.
    Hamawandi, Bejan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics. Alexandria University, Egypt.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and enhanced mechanical properties of PAN/CNTs composite nanofibers2017In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 182, p. 219-223Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work describes the enhanced mechanical properties of the composite nanofibers and the photodegradation of two organic dyes using PAN/CNTs under UV irradiation at different volume concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt.%). The composite nanofibers was performed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by electrospinning process. The composite nanofibers structure and morphology is characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. The result indicates that with increasing CNTs content, the mechanical properties of the composite nanofibers was enhanced, and became more elastic, and the elastic modulus increased drastically. The results of mechanical properties exhibit improvements in tensile strengths, and elastic modulus by 38% and 84% respectively, at only 0.05 wt.% CNTs. Moreover, photocatalytic degradation performance in short time and low power intensity was achieved comparison to earlier reports.

  • 16.
    Noor, Imtisal-e-
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology. Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
    Coenen, Jan
    Interuniversity Microelectronics Center (imec), Leuven, Belgium.
    Martin, Andrew R.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology.
    Dahl, Olli
    Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
    Performance assessment of chemical mechanical planarization wastewater treatment in nano-electronics industries using membrane distillation2020In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 235, article id 116201Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wastewater from chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes in nano-electronics industries must be treated properly in order to fulfil local and international environmental regulations. This study is focused on a performance assessment of membrane distillation (MD) technology for CMP wastewater treatment. A new prototype of air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) module was utilized, with feed water consisting of CMP wastewater collected from imec, Belgium. The module was tested at different operating conditions (temperatures, flow rates and filtration time) and responses in terms of separation efficiency, permeate water quality, transmembrane flux, specific heat demand and exergy efficiency were determined. High quality permeate was produced in all trials, i.e. conductivity ~2.11 µS/cm, pH ~5.4, TOC ~1.13 ppm, IC ~0.24 ppm, TDS ~1.18 ppm and COD ~ 1.9 ppm; for most of the contaminants the separation efficiency was >99%. These findings clearly show that the resulting MD permeate does not exceed environmental regulations for release to recipient, and the permeate can even be considered for reuse. Moreover, the determined specific heat demand at different operating conditions was varying between 1390 and 2170 kWh/m3 whereas; the achievable exergy efficiency was ~19%.

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  • 17.
    Noor, Imtisal-e-
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology. Aalto University.
    Martin, Andrew R.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Dahl, Olli
    Techno-economic system analysis of membrane distillation process for treatment of chemical mechanical planarization wastewater in nano-electronics industries2020In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, article id 117013Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising separation technology for the treatment of chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) wastewater releasing from nano-electronics industries. In order to determine the feasibility of the process at industrial scale, the most important factors are large-scale system evaluation and related economics. Since membrane distillation is a thermally driven process, therefore, different integration possibilities between an air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) system and low-grade heat sources are identified and analyzed in this work. Global mass and energy balances are conducted for the AGMD system for CMP wastewater treatment in a typical nano-electronics manufacturing facility. It is determined that around 100 GWh of thermal energy can be readily recovered via internal sources and reused to treat 120,000 m3 CMP wastewater/year with MD feed temperature of 80C. Along with the technical feasibility of the system, the detailed economic evaluation has also been performed. Annual capital investment and operating cost showed that the expected CMP wastewater treatment cost can be as low as 3 $/m3 of treated water, which is estimated to be nearly 95% lower than the wastewater treatment cost from electro-chemical systems.

  • 18.
    Peters, Edward Michael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Svärd, Micheal
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Forsberg, Kerstin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Phase equilibria of ammonium scandium fluoride phases in aqueous alcohol mixtures for metal recovery by anti-solvent crystallization2020In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 252, article id 117449Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the phase equilibria of ammonium scandium fluoride phases in pure water, aqueous NH4F solutions and in mixtures of NH4F and alcohols. The solubility of the solid phases was determined at 25 degrees C. It was observed that (NH4)(3)ScF6 transforms into NH4ScF4 when contacted with pure water for 24 h. Solid phase transformation was also noted in NH4F solutions of concentration <= 0.5 mol/L. At NH4F concentra-tions >= 0.8 mol/L, no phase change has been observed, and the solubility of (NH4)(3)ScF6 decreases with in-creasing NH4F concentration due to the common ion effect. In NH4F-alcohol mixtures, the solubility of (NH4)(3)ScF6 decreases in the order: methanol > ethanol > 1,3-propane-diol > 2-propanol. This aligns with the decrease in the effective dielectric constant of the resulting solvent mixture, which is very similar for NH4(F)-alcohol mixtures formed by ethanol and 1,3-propane-diol.

  • 19.
    Redlinger-Pohn, Jakob D.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Liverts, Michael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Lundell, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Parameter regimes and rates of fibre collection on screens of various design2021In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 259, article id 118053Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fibre collection on screens is here used as a collective name for any preferred or non-preferred deposition of fibres, appearing in e.g. paper manufacturing, recycling of elongated particles or equipment clogging. The fibre collection on screens is typically discussed on basis of the application and may distinguish between fibre collection being a friend or foe of the process of interest. We report an extensive experimental investigation of fibre collection and provide a systematic discussion based on two parameters describing the screen geometry: the fibre length to the screen opening size (L-Fibre/D-Open), and fibre length to the distance between the openings (L-Fibre/S-Open). The first parameter, L-Fibre/D-Open, discriminates between the two fibre collection modes: (i) fibre retention (L-Fibre/D-Open, for example paper forming) and (ii) fibre stapling (small L-Fibre/D-Open, for example deposition on pins and edges). The second parameter L-Fibre/S-Open controls the fibre collection rate for both modes (with higher collection rates for higher values), but through different physics. In fibre retention, the successful collection is probabilistic and large for small screen openings and a fibre-orientation parallel to the screen. Since a decrease of L-Fibre/S-Open results in a smaller open area and hence to higher acceleration of the suspension upstream of the screen, the fibre orientation is skewed towards a screen normal orientation and fibres tend to pass through the holes. In the case of fibre stapling, the successful collection comes from an immobilization of the fibre when fibre-solid friction force exceeds the hydrodynamic drag force for fibres deposited close to the edge of the holes. For L-Fibre/S-Open above 1 a fibre bends over the solid hole spacing and is fixated on two support points. For L-Fibre/S(Open )below 1 restrains a successful fibre fixation on two support points why fibre collection on the solid screen is hindered and prevented. The impact of the approach velocity and fibre concentration on the fibre collection was tested and found to be negligible for fibre retention but impacting fibre stapling. This is in agreement with reports on equipment clogging in cellulose fibre processing. For fibre retention, the collection rate is high and close to total retention. However, the collection rate of stapling is much lower. At high velocities, we suggested that fibre bending can cause additional leakage through the screen.

  • 20. Sadhu, M.
    et al.
    Bhattacharya, Prosun
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering. KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, PE Nieuwegein, 3433, Netherlands.
    Vithanage, M.
    Padmaja Sudhakar, P.
    Adsorptive removal of fluoride using biochar – A potential application in drinking water treatment2022In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 278, article id 119106Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fluoride as a geogenic contaminant is commonly encountered in groundwater-based drinking water sources. In the present study Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus) Biochar (WMRBC) was investigated for its defluoridation potential. The factors affecting the removal of fluoride, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and contact time were investigated. The experimental data were fitted well by Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order model, the maximum fluoride adsorption capacity being 9.5 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the fluoride adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic process. The presence of other anions like HCO3–, CO32–, Cl−, SO42−, and NO3– (100 mg/L) had little effect on the adsorption of fluoride at 50 mg/L. Characterization studies of WMRBC before and after fluoride adsorption by SEM, ATR, EDX and XRD techniques, indicated that the adsorption of fluoride may be by electrostatic attraction through protonated basic functionalities present in WMRBC and by precipitation at the mineral sites. WMRBC could be a viable adsorbent for effective removal of fluoride from drinking water and industrial wastewater.

  • 21. Sathe, Priyanka
    et al.
    Myint, M. T. Z.
    Dobretsov, Sergey
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Removal and regrowth inhibition of microalgae using visible light photocatalysis with ZnO nanorods: a green technology2016In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 162, p. 61-67Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Algal biofouling can be a major problem during membrane filtration processes reducing membrane efficiency. Removal of microalgae by visible light photocatalysis using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods was studied in this work. ZnO nanorods were grown on polypropylene support substrates. The treatment unit was constructed by incorporating ZnO nanocoated substrates in a glass tube. Anti-algal activity of the treatment units were tested using green microalga, Dunaliella salina, of 107 cells/mL concentration, which is higher than the concentration of cells during algal blooms. Nearly total algal cell inactivation was achieved within 2 h of continuous visible light illumination in the presence of nanocoated support substrates, as determined by flow cytometry analysis (98%) and trypan blue staining (95%). Uncoated support substrate under light illumination did not lead to algal cell mortality (1.7%). Complete inhibition of any regrowth of algal cells treated with nanocoated substrates was confirmed as no significant changes in the total number of cells were observed even after 2 weeks of incubation of the treated culture. The anti-algal activity of ZnO nanorods was attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through photocatalytic processes. ZnO nanorod coated substrates used in the treatment units could be a suitable green method to control membrane fouling in water treatment plants avoiding the utilisation of harmful chemicals.

  • 22. Seda Demirel, Hilal
    et al.
    Svärd, Michael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Uysal, Duygu
    Murat Doğan, Özkan
    Zühtü Uysal, Bekir
    Forsberg, Kerstin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Antisolvent Crystallization of Battery Grade Nickel Sulphate Hydrate in the Processing of Lateritic Ores2022In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 286, article id 120473Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lithium-ion batteries are a crucial part in the rapid, on-going electrification of the global vehicle fleet, which is essential in enabling a transition to a society based on renewable energy. By combining metals including lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese in different proportions, cathode active materials with different properties can be obtained. Nickel sulphate hexahydrate, which is of great importance to the battery industry, can be produced by hydrometallurgical processing of lateritic and sulphide ores. Antisolvent crystallization is examined as an alternative to conventional crystallization methods for the production of high-grade nickel sulphate hexahydrate in the processing of lateritic nickel ores from Turkey. The ore has been leached under atmospheric pressure followed by purification by ion exchange resulting in a solution enriched with respect to nickel together with a range of impurity metals from which NiSO4·6H2O can be obtained by antisolvent crystallization. Separate antisolvent crystallization experiments have been carried out for nickel, cobalt and iron sulphate systems, which are the main metals present in the solution, and solubility data has been determined for key conditions. Acetone and isopropanol have been evaluated as antisolvents. Antisolvent crystallization experiments have also been carried out using synthetic solutions and the effect of addition rate of antisolvent, addition of diluted antisolvent and seeding on the purity of the crystals has been investigated. Acetone gives the best product quality in terms of purity and shape. Seeding and a slow rate of addition of dilute antisolvent gives the highest purity of the NiSO4·6H2O crystals. Under optimised conditions, crystals containing 22.3% Ni with a purity of 99.8% by mass have been obtained with a crystallization yield of 63.5%. 

  • 23.
    Thomberg, T.
    et al.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Ramah, P.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Lust, A.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Pharm, Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Nerut, J.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Koppel, M.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Romann, T.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Palm, Rasmus
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia.;KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Månsson, Martin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    March, N. M. Flores
    Univ Tartu, Inst Phys, W Ostwald 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Junninen, H.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Phys, W Ostwald 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Kulaviir, M.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Paiste, P.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Kirsimae, K.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Punapart, M.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Technol, Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Viru, L.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Technol, Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Merits, A.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Technol, Nooruse 1, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Lust, E.
    Univ Tartu, Inst Chem, Ravila 14a, EE-50411 Tartu, Estonia..
    Preparation of nanofibrous materials activated with metal clusters for active and long-lasting air filters2022In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 288, p. 120697-, article id 120697Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanowire poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer membranes activated with Ag and Zn nanoclusters were prepared using the electrospinning method. The structure of membranes was varied by using different polymer concentrations in N,N-dimethylacetamide, electric field strength, and concentration of AgNO3 and ZnCl2 in an electrospinning solution. Materials synthesised were analysed by nitrogen sorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, particle filtration efficiency, and pressure drop methods. The concentration of Ag and Zn nanoclusters in PVDF membranes was established and the influence on nanofibers activity has been discussed. The hydrophobicity of membranes was tested using the wetting (contact) angle measurement method. The human influenza A virus (IAV) A/WSN/1933 (H1N1) strain was used to evaluate the virucidal activity of filtration materials. The virucidal activity increased with Ag nanoclusters concentration in fibres. The most hydrophilic nanofibers with Zn nanoclusters showed very high and practically concentration independent virucidal activity that was two orders of magnitude higher compared to materials activated with Ag nanoclusters.

  • 24.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Mohamed, Alaa
    Cairo Univ, EGNC, Egypt Nanotechnol Ctr, 6th October City 12588, Egypt.;Akhbar El Yom Acad, Prod Engn & Printing Technol Dept, Giza 12655, Egypt..
    Belaqziz, Majdouline
    Cadi Ayyad Univ, Natl Ctr Study & Res Water & Energy, BP 511, Marrakech 40000, Morocco..
    Nasser, Walaa S.
    Res Inst Med Entomol, Giza 12611, Egypt..
    Photocatalytic degradation of Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Cetirizine using PAN-MWCNT nanofibers crosslinked TiO2-NH2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation2019In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 212, p. 110-118Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals (Ibuprofen, Cetirizine, and Naproxen) was evaluated using surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on polyacrylonitrile/multiwall carbon nanotubes composite nanofibers. The photocatalytic degradation was studied under visible light (0.1 W/cm(2)) irradiation. Comparatively, the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals using PAN-CNT/TiO2-NH2 composite nanofibers was much more efficient than with PAN/TiO2-NH2 composite nanofibers under visible light irradiation. The results obtained showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of the studied pharmaceuticals is pH dependent in which more than 99% degradation was obtained at pH 2. Complete degradation of IBP, CTZ, and NPX was achieved within 200, 50, and 90 min, respectively under visible light.

  • 25.
    Wang, Nan
    et al.
    Luleå Univ Technol, Dept Engn Sci & Math, Energy Engn, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden..
    Ma, Chunyan
    Luleå Univ Technol, Dept Engn Sci & Math, Energy Engn, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
    Ye, Nannan
    Nanjing Tech Univ, Key Lab Mat & Chem Engn, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China..
    Ji, Xiaoyan
    Luleå Univ Technol, Dept Engn Sci & Math, Energy Engn, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden..
    CO2 separation from biogas with ionic liquid-based hybrid solvents: From properties to process2022In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 298, article id 121591Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, ionic liquids (ILs)-based hybrid solvents, consisting of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMAC)-propylene carbonate (PC), were developed for CO2 separation from biogas. The impacts of IL mass fraction and temperature on the absorption capacity, viscosity, and density were studied. Feed gases, including pure CO2, pure CH4, and synthetic biogas, were tested, and the results were evaluated and compared. Thermodynamic modeling was used to represent the newly measured results together with literature data, and a systematic process simulation and evaluation were conducted. The measurements show an enhanced CO2 solubility with an increased BMAC mass fraction and decreased temperature. An increased viscosity was observed with increasing BMAC mass fraction and decreasing temperature. In addition, the type of feed gas holds a neglectable effect on CO2 and CH4 absorption capacities. To find an optimal mass fraction of BMAC-PC and quantify the performance, in the process simulation and evaluation, two types of regeneration blocks, i.e., air-blow regeneration and thermal regeneration, were involved. It shows that the process with thermal regeneration block requires less energy and lower capture cost than the process with the air-blow regeneration, which indicates a superior affinity to thermal regeneration when BMAC is presented in the solvent system. Also, the decrease in PC content firstly decreases and then increases the energy demand, and the minimum energy demand of 23.4 kW can be found with w(IL) = 0.3, which reduces by 33.5% compared to pure PC. Similarly, the minimum capture cost of 68 $/ton-CO2 can be found with w(IL) = 0.3, representing a 21% reduction from the case with pure PC. The further analysis concludes a major reduction in the utility cost by 48%.

  • 26.
    Wetterling, Jonas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Mattsson, Tuve
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Theliander, Hans
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Effects of surface structure on the filtration properties of microcrystalline cellulose2014In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 136, p. 1-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The filtration of biomaterials is often a challenge due to high filtration resistances and the formation of compressible filter cakes. This study investigates how the local filtration properties of microcrystalline cellulose, a biomaterial forming compressible filter cakes, are affected by the surface structure of its particles. The surface structure was modified through mechanical shearing and the treatment resulted in an increased surface ruggedness along with a small decrease in particle size distribution. The mechanical treatment was found to increase the local specific filtration resistance to a large extent whereas no significant change to the local filter cake solidosity was observed. The relationship between the local solidosity of the filter cake and the local specific filtration resistance could be described by a cell model as flow around porous spheres with negligible permeability. The effect of an increased surface ruggedness was represented in this model as an increased specific surface area subjected to drag as well as a decrease in particle solidosity.

  • 27. Wu, Yan
    et al.
    Fang, Mei
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Lan, Lvdeng
    Zhang, Ping
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Bao, Zhengyu
    Rapid and direct magnetization of goethite ore roasted by biomass fuel2012In: Separation and Purification Technology, ISSN 1383-5866, E-ISSN 1873-3794, Vol. 94, p. 34-38Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Biomass is a renewable and carbon neutral solid fuel. Utilization of biomass in iron ore roasting process as heating agent and reducing agent contributes to energy conservation and emission reduction, and can partially replace for coal and coke. The biomass instead of coke was mixed together with iron ore powder from the north of Hainan province into ball roasting process to investigate the effects of mixture composition, reduction temperature, reaction time, the thermal reduction and magnetic properties of the mixture. The results show that the reduction temperature, reaction time and dosage of the biomass are correlated to the quality of the reduction and the magnetism of the iron ore, within the experimental conditions. The mechanism of the biomass reducing the weakly magnetic goethite into stronger magnetic iron oxide has been discussed. The results show that the goethite ores is dramatically reduced and magnetized by about 20 wt.% biomass at low roasting temperature. Application of biomass energy in iron ores roasting process is prospective to the effective use of biomass and for decreasing the consumption of fossil fuels in the steelmaking process.

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