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  • 1.
    Adineh, Morteza
    et al.
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Coll Engn, Dept Mat Engn & Met, Kerman 7618868366, Iran..
    Doostmohammadi, Hamid
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering. Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Coll Engn, Dept Mat Engn & Met, Kerman 7618868366, Iran..
    Microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of Cu-Zn-Mg and Cu-Zn-Sb brass alloys2019In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 35, no 12, p. 1504-1514Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lead-free alloys have attracted great attentions recently due to the toxic nature of lead for the human body. In this study, low amounts of Mg and Sb were added to the Cu65-Zn35 brass and microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability of samples were compared to Cu65-Zn35 brass. Both Mg and Sb led to the promotion of beta ' phase as well as the formation of new ternary copper rich intermetallic particles. It was found that these particles had a significant role in the reduction of the ultimate tensile strength, toughness, work hardening and elongation while increasing the hardness of samples. Results of machinability evaluation of samples showed that the cutting forces were decreased significantly and morphology of chips were improved compared to Cu65-Zn35 brass sample.

  • 2. Andersson-Östling, Henrik C.M.
    et al.
    Seitisleam, Facredin
    Sandström, Rolf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Technology.
    Influence of phosphorus, sulphur and grain size on creep in pure copper2009In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Uniaxial creep tests have been performed at 175 °C to study the influence of phosphorus, sulphur and grain size on the creep properties of oxygen free copper. Copper with no phosphorous content and copper with 2000 μm grain size showed lower creep strength and ductility than the reference material which contained 58 ppm phosphorous and had 350 μm average grain size. Phosphorous content of 29 and 106 ppm showed no difference in relation to the reference material, and neither did grain sizes of 100 and 800 μm average grain size. 6 or 12 ppm sulphur did not affect the creep properties at all. The main creep rupture mechanisms were found to be cavitation and microcracking at the grain boundaries. The observed influence of P on creep is consistent to previously published models both with respect to creep rate and creep ductility.

  • 3. Andersson-Östling, Henrik C.M.
    et al.
    Seitisleam, Facredin
    Sandström, Rolf
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Testing and modelling of creep in copper friction stir welds2009In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Specimens cut from friction stir welds in copper canisters for nuclear waste have been used for creep experiments at 75°C. The specimens were taken from a cross-weld position as well as heat affected zone and weld metal. The weld specimens exhibited shorter creep lives than the parent metal specimens by a factor of three in time. The cross weld and HAZ specimens were shorter by an order of magnitude when compared to the weld metal. The creep exponent was in the interval 50 to 69 implying that the material was well inside the power-law breakdown regime. The ductility properties expressed as reduction in area were not significantly different in the weld zones and all the rupture specimens demonstrated valu esexceeding 80%. The stationary creep rate for the parent metal was consistent with a previously developed model. The primary creep was successfully modelled. Weld reduction factors have been obtained by comparing the results from base metal tests and weld tests. Measured values at 75 °C for are about 6% for friction stir welds and 14% for electron beam welds.

  • 4.
    Bratberg, Johan
    et al.
    Thermo-Calc Software AB, Stockholm Technology Park.
    Ågren, John
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Metallurgy.
    Frisk, Karin
    Swerea KIMAB.
    Diffusion simulations of MC and M7C3 carbide coarsening in bcc and fcc matrix utilising new thermodynamic and kinetic description2008In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 24, no 6, p. 695-704Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new thermodynamic database has been combined with an existing kinetic database to perform coarsening simulations in ternary systems including MC and M7C3 carbides in an fcc matrix. The kinetic database was revised taking into consideration the new experimental information on the Fe-Cr-V-C system obtained in the present work, and available experiments on the ternary Fe-Cr-C and Fe-V-C systems. After revision the agreement between experimental results and simulations was satisfactory. It was found that the interfacial energy of M7C3 was twice as large as that of the MC carbide. The calculations for commercial steels with 6 alloy elements gave results in satisfactory agreement with new experimental measurements. The present coarsening simulations use the calculated equilibrium state and the observed particle sizes as the state for the start of the simulations. All the simulations were performed with the DICTRA software.

  • 5.
    Chen, Kaixuan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering. Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Xiaohua
    Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Zidong
    Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China..
    Precipitates-interaction capture of nano-sized iron-rich precipitates during copper solidification2019In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 35, no 9, p. 1028-1037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nano-sized iron-rich precipitates reinforced copper alloys achieve excellent mechanical properties. Capture mechanism of iron-rich precipitates into copper grains during solidification was described but needs further validation. Here, Cu-1.5Fe-0.5Co (wt-%) alloy is fabricated by gravity casting. Iron-rich precipitates in nano and submicron scale (mostly < 100 nm) are well dispersed in copper grain interior. Traditional pushing/engulfment transition (PET) models are used to interpret the capture process of iron-rich precipitates during copper solidification, but all fail to match the experimental results. The precipitates-interaction capture mechanism is most reasonable for describing the capture process.

  • 6.
    Chen, Kaixuan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Process Metallurgy. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology. School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Zhang, Jiawei
    School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Chen, Xiaohua
    State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Wang, Zidong
    School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People’s Republic of China.
    Effects of solute content on microstructure of nano precipitate-fine grain synergistically reinforced copper alloys2020In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alloying of Fe, Co was reported to tailor microstructure of copper alloys into a nanoprecipitate-fine grain (NPFG) structure, i.e. nano-sized iron-rich precipitates dispersed inside refined grains. Here, we investigate the solute effect of Sn, Zn on NPFG structure in as-cast copper samples. Mechanisms are proposed to account for the solute effect on precipitate and grain features. Solutes restrict coarsening but facilitate undesirable morphology transition from spherical to angular of iron-rich precipitates. Meantime, solutes allow more precipitates to be active in the nucleation of copper and consequently induce finer grains. Minor Sn is added to optimise NPFG structure and leads to an excellent strength–ductility combination in Cu–1.5Fe–0.1Sn (wt-%) alloy. This work provides a solute-alloying strategy to achieve desired mechanical properties in metals.

  • 7. Dadbakhsh, Sasan
    et al.
    Taheri, A. K.
    Study on static strain aging of 6082 aluminium alloy2010In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 26, no 2, p. 169-175Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Das, Yadunandan B.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering. Open Univ, Mat Engn, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England.
    Forsey, Alexander N.
    Open Univ, Mat Engn, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England..
    Kelleher, Joe
    Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot, Oxon, England..
    Kabra, Saurabh
    Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot, Oxon, England..
    Fitzpatrick, Michael E.
    Coventry Univ, Fac Engn & Comp, Coventry, W Midlands, England..
    Simm, Thomas H.
    Swansea Univ, Coll Engn, Bay Campus, Swansea, W Glam, Wales..
    Gungor, Salih
    Open Univ, Mat Engn, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England..
    Moat, Richard J.
    Open Univ, Mat Engn, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England..
    The influence of temperature on deformation-induced martensitic transformation in 301 stainless steel2018In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 34, no 17, p. 2114-2125Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Deformation-induced martensitic transformations are increasingly being used to create desirable mechanical properties in steels. Here, the kinetics of the deformation-induced martensitic transformation is investigated at 300, 263, 223, 173 and 100 K using in situ neutron diffraction during tensile loading. The results from these experiments show a distinct change in the transformation behaviour between 300 K and the tests conducted at 263 K and below, causing a difference in martensite structure. The difference in transformation kinetics is correlated to the suppression of slip at low temperatures, as evidenced using diffraction peak intensity analysis for different grain families and corroborated using transmission electron microscopy. A direct correlation between the deformation-induced martensite fraction and the work-hardening rate is shown.

  • 9.
    Fredriksson, Hasse
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Processing.
    Haddad-Sabzevar, M.
    Hansson, K.
    Kron, J.
    Theory of hot crack formation2005In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 21, no 5, p. 521-529Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The hot crack sensitivity in metals is suggested to be caused by the supersaturation of vacancies created during the solidification process. Equations have been derived to predict the nucleation and growth of cracks by the condensation of vacancies. The transition temperature from brittle to ductile fracture was found to be related to the decrease in the supersaturation of vacancies due to an annealing process. The hot crack sensitivity was observed to be related to the supersaturation of vacancies, the diffusion rate, and the structure coarseness. The effect of surface active elements such as phosphorous and sulphur in steel alloys is discussed.

  • 10.
    Hou, Ziyong
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Babu, Prasath
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Hedström, Peter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Odqvist, Joakim
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    On coarsening of cementite during tempering of martensitic steels2020In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 36, no 7, p. 887-893Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The coarsening of cementite in a martensitic Fe–1C–1Cr (wt-%) alloy upon tempering at 700°C is investigated. When considering that the main location of cementite is at grain boundaries, classical coarsening theory can accurately predict the mean size evolution, while the predicted size distribution evolution disagrees with the experimentally observed log-normal distribution maintained throughout the whole tempering (5000 h). We conclude that classical theory of coarsening, as given by Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner and included in the Langer–Schwartz Kampmann–Wagner numerical approach for modelling precipitation reactions, is not fully adequate to simulate coarsening of cementite for tempering in practice.

  • 11.
    Hulme-Smith, Christopher
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Processing. Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England..
    Ooi, S. W.
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England..
    Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.
    Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England..
    Intermetallic-strengthened nanocrystalline bainitic steel2018In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 34, no 16, p. 1976-1979Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new thermally stable, nanocrystalline bainitic steel has been developed, rich in nickel and aluminium. During tempering, it is expected that a significant quantity of intermetallic precipitates will form. This was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform analysis of atomic column images, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and selected area electron diffraction. These are the first intermetallics to be produced in a nanocrystalline bainitic steel.

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  • 12.
    Hulme-Smith, Christopher
    et al.
    Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK.
    Peet, Mathew James
    Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK.
    Lonardelli, I.
    Materials Engineering and Industrial Technologies, University of Trento, Italy.
    Dippel, Ann Christin
    Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
    Bhadeshia, Harshad Kumar Dharamshi Hansraj
    Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK.
    Further evidence of tetragonality in bainitic ferrite2015In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 31, no 2, p. 254-256Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is growing evidence that bainitic ferrite which retains a substantial amount of carbon in solid solution does not have cubic symmetry. We provide additional data on a different nanostructured bainitic steel to support this evidence, based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments. The data are consistent only with a displacive transformation mechanism for bainite.

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  • 13. Li, Yan
    et al.
    Huyan, Fei
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Metallurgy.
    Ding, Wei
    Microstructure and tensile properties of a 0.20C-4.86Mn steel after short intercritical-annealing times2019In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 35, no 2, p. 220-230Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work studies the microstructure and tensile properties of a cold-rolled Fe-0.20C-4.86Mn (mass %) steel after short intercritical annealing (IA) times using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and uniaxial tensile tests. The short IA time is applied to represent the process characteristics of the industrial continuous annealing line. The experimental results show that IA temperature has a strong influence on the final microstructure and tensile properties while IA time has less. The fractions of retained austenite are much higher after IA at 650 and 675 degrees C than the other IA temperatures, and thus improving elongation. Simulations using the DICTRA software and constitutive modelling are further performed to assist the understanding of the microstructure evolution and stress-strain curves.

  • 14. Olafsson, P.
    et al.
    Sandström, Rolf
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Calculations of electrical resistivity for Al-Cuand Al-Mg-Sialloys2001In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 17, no 6, p. 655-662Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A system for thermodynamical calculations (Thermo-Calc) was used to derive the solid solubility of the alloying elements in commercial Al-Cu and Al-Mg-Si alloys. The electrical resistivity was then calculated using a model developed by the authors based on the Matthiessen's rule. The calculated resistivity agreed with the observed resistivity within +/-2.5 n Omegam for the Al-Mg-Si alloys and +/- 2n Omegam for the Al-Cu alloys, except for Al-Mg-Si alloys containing boron or chromium and AI-Cu alloys with special compositions. MST/3725.

  • 15. Ooi, S. W.
    et al.
    Ramjaun, T. I.
    Hulme-Smith, Christopher
    Morana, R.
    Drakopoulos, M.
    Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.
    Designing steel to resist hydrogen embrittlement Part 2: precipitate characterisation2018In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 34, no 14, p. 1747-1758Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel, low-alloy steel has been designed for use in the oil and gas industry. Its high strength and hydrogen trapping potential are derived from a martensitic microstructure containing a dispersion of fine vanadium-molybdenum alloy carbides that evolve during tempering. In this second paper, the effect of quench rate from austenitisation and tempering conditions are investigated with respect to the microstructure. The alloy loses its tempering resistance following slow-cooling from austenitisation as a result of MC precipitation, leading to vanadium depletion and significant M2C coarsening. This is predicted using computer simulation and confirmed by high energy X-ray diffraction, combined with electron microscopy.

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  • 16.
    Rajabi, Zahra
    et al.
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman, Iran..
    Doostmohammadi, Hamid
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman, Iran..
    Effect of addition of tin on the microstructure and machinability of alpha-brass2018In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 34, no 10, p. 1218-1227Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study was aimed at developing lead-free brass alloys with the goal of substituting lead element with tin. For this purpose, lead-free alloys with tin were developed and the microstructure, hardness and machining behaviour of the Cu-30%Zn alloy was compared with Cu-30%Zn-x%Sn (x = 1.2, 3.2, 5.4, 8,11.4,13.9,17.4). The results showed that the addition of Sn to single-alpha phase brass led to the formation of duplex (alpha + beta') brass and then the formation of (beta' + gamma) brass both with increased hardness. In addition, the addition of Sn to Cu-30%Zn alloy led to the decrement of equivalent machining forces (F-m), surface roughness and also the promotion of chip fragmentation due to the formation of the beta' phase, which is an improvement in machinability.

  • 17.
    Smuk, Olena
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Hanninen, H
    Liimatainen, J
    Mechanical ana corrosion properities of P/M-HIP super duplex stainless steel after different industrial heat treatments as used for large components2004In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 20, no 5, p. 641-644Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mechanical tensile and impact toughness tests and critical pitting corrosion temperature (CPT) tests were performed on samples of Duplok 27, a P/M-HIP duplex stainless steel containing copper, after heat treatments simulating industrial heat treatments of large components. It was shown that copper alloying has positive effects on mechanical tensile properties leading to hardening and more uniform deformation. No negative effects of copper alloying on corrosion resistance properties were found. A drastic drop in impact toughness values and CPT of samples cooled at controlled cooling rates is explained by the precipitation of intermetallic secondary phases or their precursors. Lower CPT of a NG-GTAW (narrow gap gas tungsten arc welding) welded joint is explained by the lower level of alloying than that of the base material. The high temperature region of precipitation of intermetallic secondary phases is shifted towards higher temperatures than assumed for Duplok 27 P/M-HIP duplex stainless steel.

  • 18. Stålnacke, E.
    et al.
    Claesson, E.
    Obitz, C.
    Lilja, M.
    Odqvist, J.
    Rod, O.
    Odqvist, Joakim
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Hagström, J.
    Rod, O.
    Corrosion–microstructure interrelations in new low-lead and lead-free brass alloys2020In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 36, no 8, p. 917-924Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Stress-relieving heat treatment has been reported to deplete the corrosion resistance of new low-lead and lead-free brass alloys. How the heat treatment, processing and material composition relates to the microstructure and corrosion performance is not well understood. The present study aims to fill this knowledge gap by mapping stress-relieving annealing conditions and different standardised compositions to their respective microstructures and dezincification performance. It was found that loss of corrosion resistance was only the most severe for alloys with higher aluminium and iron content. These alloys displayed significant precipitation of intermetallic aluminium arsenide particles on grain boundaries, twins and lead particles, as well as the formation of β-phase along grain boundaries.

  • 19. Sun, Yufu
    et al.
    Lv, Yezhe
    Zhengzhou University, China.
    Zhang, Yan
    Zhao, Jingyu
    Wu, Yue
    Microstructural and properties evolution of austenitic heat resistant steel after addition of aluminium2013In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 29, no 5, p. 511-516Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Effect of aluminium on microstructure and properties of austenitic heat resistant steel was investigated. The results showed that Al addition led to formation of spheroidal and dispersed Ni3Al. After solution treatment, Ni3Al particles experienced a significant refinement from 1.5 mu m to nanoscale (similar to 80 nm). Matrix transformed from austenite to ferrite when addition of Al was >4.72%. Oxidation resistance of samples containing 4.72% Al was two times higher than Al free samples due to the formation of compacted Al2O3 scales. Excessive Al resulted in the formation of Al3Fe5O12 and AlN on oxidation surface, which destroyed the oxidation resistance. Dispersedly precipitated Ni3Al effectively supported the matrix and enhanced the wear resistance, and samples containing 4.72% Al performed similar to 80% higher in wear resistance than Al free samples. Al significantly improved the microstructure and the properties of austenitic heat resistant steel, and samples containing 4.72% Al performed the optimal combination properties.

  • 20. Warnken, N.
    et al.
    Larsson, Henrik
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Physical Metallurgy.
    Reed, R. C.
    Coupled modelling of solidification and solution heat treatment of advanced single crystal nickel base superalloy2009In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 179-185Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two numerical models to simulate microsegregation and phase formation during directional solidification and subsequent solution heat treatment of an advanced experimental ruthenium containing single crystal nickel base superalloy are tested and compared. The first method is based on a one-dimensional front tracking for the primary solidification and a homogenisation method for the final stages of solidification as well as for the solution heat treatment. Calculations for this model are carried out in one-dimension using cylindrical coordinates. The second is based upon the phase field method, applied to solidification and subsequent solution heat treatment, where calculations are carried out in two-dimension. Both models are coupled to thermodynamic and kinetics databases modelled according to the CALPHAD method. A concept of computer based optimisation of solution heat treatments is proposed. The results show that both methods are capable of handling the complexity of contemporary superalloys, and realistic results are obtained from both models.

  • 21.
    Wessman, Sten
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Hertzman, S.
    Outokumpu Stainless Research Foundation, Stockholm.
    Pettersson, R.
    Outokumpu Stainless AB, Avesta Research Centre, Avesta, Sweden.
    Lagneborg, R.
    Corrosion and Metals Research Institute, Swera-KIMAB AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Liljas, M.
    Outokumpu Stainless AB, Avesta, Sweden.
    On the effect of nickel substitution in duplex stainless steel2008In: Materials Science and Technology, ISSN 0267-0836, E-ISSN 1743-2847, Vol. 24, no 3, p. 348-355Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present experimental and theoretical study investigates the effect of nickel on the phase balance and resulting properties of a 22Cr duplex stainless steel. The decrease in nickel was balanced by nitrogen and manganese additions. It was found that a minimum nickel content was required to maintain mechanical and corrosion properties at technically relevant levels. The influence of increasing nitrogen content on resulting phase composition and properties is discussed.

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