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  • 1. Abedifar, Vahid
    et al.
    Furdek, Marija
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS).
    Muhammad, Ajmal
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS).
    Eshghi, Mohammad
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS).
    Routing, Modulation and Spectrum Assignment in Programmable Networks based on Optical White Boxes2018Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 10, nr 9, s. 723-735Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Elastic optical networks (EONs) can help overcome the flexibility challenges imposed by emerging heterogeneous and bandwidth-intensive applications. Among the different solutions for flexible optical nodes, optical white box switches implemented by architecture on demand (AoD) have the capability to dynamically adapt their architecture and module configuration to the switching and processing requirements of the network traffic. Such adaptability allows for unprecedented flexibility in balancing the number of required nodal components in the network, spectral resource usage, and length of the established paths. To investigate these trade-offs and achieve cost-efficient network operation, we formulate the routing, modulation, and spectrum assignment (RMSA) problem in AoD-based EONs and propose three RMSA strategies aimed at optimizing a particular combination of these performance indicators. The strategies rely on a newly proposed internal node configuration matrix that models the structure of optical white box nodes in the network, thus facilitating hardware-aware routing of connection demands. The proposed strategies are evaluated in terms of the number of required modules and the related cost, spectral resource usage, and average path length. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed RMSA strategies can achieve remarkable cost savings by requiring fewer switching modules than the benchmarking approaches, at a favorable trade-off with spectrum usage and path length.

  • 2.
    Ahmed, Jawwad
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Cavdar, Cicek
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab).
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Hybrid Survivability Schemes Achieving High Connection Availability With a Reduced Amount of Backup Resources2013Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 5, nr 10, s. A152-A161Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Maximizing connection availability in WDM networks is critical because even small disruptions can cause huge data losses. However, there is a trade-off between the level of network survivability and the cost related to the backup resources to be provided. The 100% survivability can be achieved by dedicated path protection with multiple pre-reserved protection paths for each provisioned connection, i.e., DPP (1:N). Unfortunately, the blocking probability performance of DPP (1:N) is negatively affected by the large number of pre-reserved backup wavelengths standing-by unutilized. On the other hand, path restoration (PR)-based solutions ensure good blocking performance at the expense of lower connection availability.

    The work in this paper aims at finding hybrid network survivability strategies that combine the benefits of both techniques (i.e., high availability with low blocking rate). More specifically, the paper focuses on a double link failure scenario and proposes two strategies. The first one, couples dedicated path protection DPP (1:1) with path restoration (referred to as DPP + PR) to minimize the number of dropped connections. The second scheme adds up the concept of backup reprovisioning (BR), referred to as DPP + BR + PR, in order to further increase the connection availability achieved by DPP + PR. Integer Linear Programming (ILP) models for the implementation of the proposed schemes are formulated. Extensive performance evaluation conducted in a PCE-based WDM network scenario shows that DPP + BR + PR and DPP + PR can significantly lower the blocking probability value compared to DPP (1:2) without compromising too much in terms of connection availability.

  • 3.
    Chen, Jiajia
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Chen, Biao
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Joint Bandwidth Scheduling to Support Differentiated Services and Multiple Service Providers in 1G and 10G EPONs2009Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, ISSN 1943-0620, Vol. 1, nr 4, s. 343-351Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) is one of the key issues for the current (1G) and next-generation (10G) Ethernet-based passive optical network (EPON) systems. We present a novel bandwidth scheduling scheme that integrates specific scheduling implementations in the optical line terminal and optical network units. This scheduling enables multiservice access with scalable quality of service support for the triple-play (video, voice, and data) services and open access. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm performs very well in supporting service differentiation and fair allocation of bandwidth to different service providers. A performance comparison between 1G and 10G systems is also presented. To the best of our knowledge, no detailed study of DBA in a 10G EPON can be found in the literature so far.

  • 4.
    Chen, Jiajia
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Chughtai, Mohsan Niaz
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Forzati, Marco
    Scalable Passive Optical Network Architecture for Reliable Service Delivery2011Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 3, nr 9, s. 667-673Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A scalable and reliable architecture for both a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network and a hybrid wavelength and time division multiplexing passive optical network with self-healing capability is presented and evaluated. Our protection scheme is compatible with a cascaded arrayed waveguide grating that can accommodate an ultra-large number of end users. A simple interconnection pattern between two adjacent optical network units (ONUs) is applied in order to provide protection for distributed fibers between a remote node and the ONUs. Therefore, the investment cost on a per-user basis can be significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the performance evaluation shows that our approach can achieve high connection availability while maintaining the support of long reach and high splitting ratio.

  • 5.
    Cheng, Yuxin
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS. KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Fiorani, Matteo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Lin, Rui
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    POTORI: A Passive Optical Top-of-Rack Interconnect Architecture for Data Centers2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 5, s. 401-411Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Several optical interconnect architectures inside data centers (DCs) have been proposed to efficiently handle the rapidly growing traffic demand. However, not many works have tackled the interconnects at top-of-rack (ToR), which have a large impact on the performance of the data center networks (DCNs) and can introduce serious scalability limitations due to their high cost and power consumption. In this paper, we propose a passive optical ToR interconnect architecture (POTORI) to replace the conventional electronic packet switch (EPS) in the access tier of DCNs. In the data plane, POTORI relies on a passive optical coupler to interconnect the servers within the rack and interfaces toward the aggregation/core tiers. The POTORI control plane is based on a centralized rack controller responsible for managing the communications among the servers in the rack. We propose a cycle-based medium access control (MAC) protocol to efficiently manage the exchange of control messages and the data transmission inside the rack. We also introduce and evaluate a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for POTORI, namely largest first (LF). Extensive simulation results show that, with the use of fast tunable optical transceivers, POTORI and the proposed LF strategy are able to achieve an average packet delay below 10 μs under realistic DC traffic scenarios, outperforming conventional EPSs. On the other hand, with slower tunable optical transceivers, a careful configuration of the network parameters (e.g., maximum cycle time of the MAC protocol) is necessary to obtain a good network performance in terms of the average packet delay.

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  • 6.
    Di Pascale, Emanuele
    et al.
    CTVR, Trinity College, Ireland .
    Payne, David B.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Ruffini, Marco
    Locality-Aware Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Delivery Over Next-Generation Optical Networks2014Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 6, nr 9, s. 782-792Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The increasing success of multimedia services poses a serious challenge to both network operators and service providers. Traditional copper-based access technologies are being replaced by fiber-to-the-X (FTTX) deployments in order to meet this increasing bandwidth demand of individual users. However, the growing traffic volume in the access segment may overload the existing aggregation part of the network, therefore creating a bandwidth bottleneck in the core. To address this problem the traffic should be kept as much as possible in the access network, taking advantage of the high-capacity fiber infrastructure. Since multimedia traffic is dominating the network, locality-aware approaches to video content distribution can represent a good solution. In this work, we propose and evaluate a network-managed, peer-to-peer based caching scheme for multimedia distribution. Our results show that such a system is able to reduce core traffic compared to the traditional content delivery network (CDN) based strategies, while at the same time decreasing the overall power consumption of the network and offering cost-saving opportunities for operators.

  • 7. Dzanko, Matija
    et al.
    Furdek, Marija
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab). University of Zagreb, Croatia.
    Zervas, Georgios
    Simeonidou, Dimitra
    Evaluating Availability of Optical Networks Based on Self-Healing Network Function Programmable ROADMs2014Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 6, nr 11, s. 974-987Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Due to the large transmission speeds and enormous volume of transferred data, network reliability performance and cost-efficiency are among the key concerns in optical network design. Reducing the number of used optical components with higher failure probability within nodes represents a promising approach for achieving reliable and cost-effective optical network operation as it reduces the correlated risk of connection failures and enables reusing idle components as redundancy for failure recovery. This can result in greater overall network availability and lower loss of data and related revenue. Recently introduced synthetic network function programmable optical nodes implemented by architecture on demand (AoD) support the aforementioned approach by offering high levels of flexibility, modularity, and scalability. In AoD nodes, an optical backplane (i.e., optical switch) hosts optical components and enables arbitrary node configurations by cross-connecting attached modules. As a result, each lightpath passing through the node uses only the components necessary for fulfilling the switching and processing requirements. AoD nodes can perform switching at the wavelength and waveband granularity and also support switching of lightpaths at the fiber level by connecting an input fiber directly to the targeted output, referred to as fiber switching (FS). The latter functionality is particularly beneficial for the availability aspect, as it helps decrease the number of failure-prone components traversed by each lightpath, allowing them to be reused as redundancy. In this paper we demonstrate and evaluate self-healing capabilities of AoD nodes arising from their flexibility and ability to employ idle components for failure recovery. To improve efficiency of self-healing by increasing the number of idle components within nodes, we propose a routing algorithm which obtains a targeted portion of lightpaths switched at the fiber level, called the enforced FS (EFS) algorithm. We study the impact of AoD on network availability at different traffic switching granularities and compare it to traditional hard-wired node architecture via simulation. The results show significant improvements of availability and recovery time due to node-level restoration, with reduced network outage time and operator revenue losses. Finally, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time we experimentally demonstrate two novel hard-wired and synthetic reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer architectures with redundancy and all-optical self-healing capabilities.

  • 8.
    Fan, Yuchuan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik. RISE .
    Udalcovs, Aleksejs
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Isatjordsgatan 22, S-16440 Kista, Sweden..
    Natalino, Carlos
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Chalmersplatsen 4, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Pang, Xiaodan
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab). KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik.
    Furdek, Marija
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Chalmersplatsen 4, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Popov, Sergei
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik.
    Ozolins, Oskars
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Isatjordsgatan 22, S-16440 Kista, Sweden..
    Experimental validation of CNNs versus FFNNs for time- and energy-efficient EVM estimation in coherent optical systems2021Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 13, nr 10, s. E63-E71Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Error vector magnitude (EVM) has proven to be one of the optical performance monitoring metrics providing the quantitative estimation of error statistics. However, the EVM estimation efficiency has not been fully exploited in terms of complexity and energy consumption. Therefore, in this paper, we explore two deep-learning-based EVM estimation schemes. The first scheme exploits convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract EVM information from images of the constellation diagram in the in-phase/quadrature (IQ) complex plane or amplitude histograms (AHs). The second scheme relies on feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) extracting features from a vectorized representation of AHs. In both cases, we use short sequences of 32 Gbaud m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (mQAM) signals captured before or after a carrier phase recovery. The impacts of the sequence length, neural network structure, and data set representation on the EVM estimation accuracy as well as the model training time are thoroughly studied. Furthermore, we validate the performance of the proposed schemes using the experimental implementation of 28 Gbaud 64QAM signals. We achieve a mean absolute estimation error below 0.15%, with short signals consisting of only 100 symbols per IQ cluster. Considering the estimation accuracy, the implementation complexity, and the potential energy savings, the proposed CNN- and FFNN-based schemes can be used to perform time-sensitive and accurate EVM estimation for mQAM signal quality monitoring purposes.

  • 9.
    Fan, Yuchuan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik.
    Udalcovs, Aleksejs
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Isafjordsgatan 22, S-16440 Kista, Sweden..
    Pang, Xiaodan
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Isafjordsgatan 22, S-16440 Kista, Sweden..
    Natalino, Carlos
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Chalmersplatsen 4, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Furdek, Marija
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Chalmersplatsen 4, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Popov, Sergei
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik.
    Ozolins, Oskars
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Fotonik.
    Fast signal quality monitoring for coherent communications enabled by CNN-based EVM estimation2021Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 13, nr 4, s. B12-B20Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a fast and accurate signal quality monitoring scheme that uses convolutional neural networks for error vector magnitude (EVM) estimation in coherent optical communications. We build a regression model to extract EVM information from complex signal constellation diagrams using a small number of received symbols. For the additive-white-Gaussian-noise-impaired channel, the proposed EVM estimation scheme shows a normalized mean absolute estimation error of 3.7% for quadrature phase-shift keying, 2.2% for 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM), and 1.1% for 64QAM signals, requiring only 100 symbols per constellation cluster in each observation period. Therefore, it can be used as a low-complexity alternative to conventional biterror-rate estimation, enabling solutions for intelligent optical performance monitoring.

  • 10. Fiorani, Matteo
    et al.
    Aleksic, Slavisa
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Casoni, Maurizio
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Energy Efficiency of an Integrated Intra-Data-Center and Core Network With Edge Caching2014Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 6, nr 4, s. 421-432Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The expected growth of traffic demand may lead to a dramatic increase in the network energy consumption, which needs to be handled in order to guarantee scalability and sustainability of the infrastructure. There are many efforts to improve energy efficiency in communication networks, ranging from the component technology to the architectural and service-level approaches. Because data centers and content delivery networks are responsible for the majority of the energy consumption in the information and communication technology sector, in this paper we address network energy efficiency at the architectural and service levels and propose a unified network architecture that provides both intra-data-center and inter-data-center connectivity together with interconnection toward legacy IP networks. The architecture is well suited for the carrier cloud model, where both data-center and telecom infrastructure are owned and operated by the same entity. It is based on the hybrid optical switching (HOS) concept for achieving high network performance and energy efficiency. Therefore, we refer to it as an integrated HOS network. The main advantage of the integration of core and intra-data-center networks comes from the possibility to avoid the energy-inefficient electronic interfaces between data centers and telecom networks. Our results have verified that the integrated HOS network introduces a higher number of benefits in terms of energy efficiency and network delays compared to the conventional nonintegrated solution. At the service level, recent studies demonstrated that the use of distributed video cache servers can be beneficial in reducing energy consumption of intra-data-center and core networks. However, these studies only take into consideration conventional network solutions based on IP electronic switching, which are characterized by relatively high energy consumption. When a more energy-efficient switching technology, such as HOS, is employed, the advantage of using distributed video cache servers becomes less obvious. In this paper we evaluate the impact of video servers employed at the edge nodes of the integrated HOS network to understand whether edge caching could have any benefit for carrier cloud operators utilizing a HOS network architecture. We have demonstrated that if the distributed video cache servers are not properly dimensioned they may have a negative impact on the benefit obtained by the integrated HOS network.

  • 11.
    Fiorani, Matteo
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab). Kungliga Tekniska högskolan.
    Rostami, Ahmad
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Abstraction Models for Optical 5G Transport Networks2016Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 8, nr 9, s. 656-665Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The orchestration of radio, transport, and cloud resources is a key enabler for efficient service delivery in 5G networks. Orchestration can be achieved with a hierarchical software-defined networking (SDN) control architecture in which a global orchestrator operates above the domain controllers. In such an architecture, the abstraction of resources between the controllers and the orchestrator plays a fundamental role for the system performance. In order to reduce the orchestrator complexity, the controllers should hide as much detail as possible from the orchestrator. On the other hand, the more details are available to the orchestrator the more optimal resource orchestration strategy can be obtained. In order to assess this trade-off, we recently proposed two transport abstraction models, namely big switch (BiS) and virtual link (VL), for centralized radio access networks (C-RANs) with orchestration of radio and transport resources. We observed that VL can provide a more efficient resource orchestration than BiS at the expense of an increased implementation complexity. The contribution of this paper is twofold. We extend the BiS and VL models to make them applicable to any orchestration scenario. Then, we propose a new transport abstraction model, referred to as optical transport transformation (OTT), that aims at achieving efficient resource orchestration with a reduced implementation complexity. We compare the performance of these new abstraction models in a C-RAN use case in which backhaul and fronthaul traffic are carried over a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) network. Our results prove that in a C-RAN the best choice for the transport abstraction model depends on the availability and the reachability of the radio resources. If radio resources are scarce compared to transport resources, complex transport abstraction models are not needed and a BiS abstraction is the best choice. On the other hand, if radio resources are widely available and reachable, an OTT model guarantees the best overall performance.

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  • 12.
    Fiorani, Matteo
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Samadi, Payman
    Shen, Yiwen
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Bergman, Keren
    Flexible Network Architecture and Provisioning Strategy for Geographically Distributed Metro Data Centers2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 5, s. 385-392Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) is expected to introduce new services with strict end-to-end delay requirements. For this reason, service providers and network operators are increasingly relying on geographically distributed metro data centers (DCs) to bring services closer to end-users and reduce delivery time. The metro DCs frequently exchange data for different purposes, such as backup and load balancing. Some of these data transfers require guaranteed low delays. Meanwhile, efficient use of network resources is necessary to limit the cost of the network infrastructure. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a converged intra-and inter-DC network architecture and a dynamic provisioning strategy that are able to (i) efficiently support different classes of service, (ii) offer fast data transfers among metro DCs, and (iii) enable efficient utilization of network resources. Simulation results show that the proposed network architecture and provisioning strategy achieve at least two times faster average data transfer between DCs and better network resource utilization compared with conventional solutions. We also present a prototype and an extensive set of experimental results, thus proving the implementation feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

  • 13.
    Fiorani, Matteo
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Tombaz, S.
    Mårtensson, J.
    Skubic, Björn
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Modeling energy performance of C-RAN with optical transport in 5G network scenarios2016Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 8, nr 11, artikel-id B21Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The deployment of new 5G wireless interfaces based on massive multiantenna transmission and beamforming is expected to have a significant impact on the complexity and power consumption of the transport network. This paper analyzes the energy performance of four radio access network (RAN) architectures, each one utilizing a different option for splitting the baseband processing functions. The radio segment is based on Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G radio access technologies. The transport segment is based on optical wavelength division multiplexing, where coherent and direct detection transmissions are considered. The energy consumption of each RAN architecture is weighted against i) the benefits for the radio segment as a function of the level of centralization of the baseband processing functions and ii) the power consumption levels needed to accommodate the capacity generated at each base station. Results show that, with LTE radio interfaces, the energy consumption of the transport network amounts to only a few percent of the overall network power consumption. As a result, fully centralized LTE radio architectures are a viable option, with energy savings of at least 27% compared with conventional distributed architectures. On the other hand, with advanced 5G radio interfaces, centralized architectures, if not carefully designed, might become impractical due to the excessive energy consumption of the transport network (i.e., as a result of the huge capacity to be accommodated). This aspect can be mitigated via a careful joint design of the radio and the transport network (i.e., leveraging on appropriate optical transmission techniques and compromising where needed on the radio network performance).

  • 14.
    Fiorani, Matteo
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Tornatore, M.
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Mukherjee, B.
    Spatial division multiplexing for high capacity optical interconnects in modular data centers2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 2, s. A143-A153, artikel-id 7858118Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Modular design has recently emerged as an efficient solution to build large data center (DC) facilities. Modular DCs are based on stand-Alone prefabricated modules (i.e., PODs) that can be easily installed and interconnected. PODs can generate a large amount of traffic and thus require an ultra-high-capacity interconnection network. However, current electronic and optical interconnect architectures applied to modular DCs may experience major scalability problems in terms of high energy consumption and cabling complexity. To address these problems, we investigate five optical interconnect architectures based on spatial division multiplexing (SDM), and for each architecture, we propose a resource allocation strategy. We also present an extensive comparison among the SDM architectures in terms of cost and performance (i.e., blocking probability and throughput), with the objective to find the architecture offering the best trade-off between cost and performance for given DC sizes and traffic load values. Our results demonstrate that, in small modular DCs with low traffic load, an architecture based only on SDM is the best option, while in medium DCs with medium traffic load, an architecture based on coupled SDM and flexgrid wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) with spectral flexibility is the best solution. Finally, for large DCs with high traffic load values, the best trade-off between cost and performance is achieved by an SDM architecture that is based on uncoupled SDM and flexgrid WDM.

  • 15. Forzati, Marco
    et al.
    Bianchi, Alberto
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Grobe, Klaus
    Lannoo, Bart
    Machuca, Carmen Mas
    Point, Jean-Charles
    Skubic, Bjorn
    Verbrugge, Sofie
    Weis, Erik
    Wosinska, Lena
    Breuer, Dirk
    Next-Generation Optical Access Seamless Evolution: Concluding Results of the European FP7 Project OASE2015Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 7, nr 2, s. 109-123Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Increasing bandwidth demand drives the need for next-generation optical access (NGOA) networks that can meet future end-user service requirements. This paper gives an overview of NGOA solutions, the enabling optical access network technologies, architecture principles, and related economics and business models. NGOA requirements (including peak and sustainable data rate, reach, cost, node consolidation, and open access) are proposed, and the different solutions are compared against such requirements in different scenarios (in terms of population density and system migration). Unsurprisingly, it is found that different solutions are best suited for different scenarios. The conclusions drawn from such findings allow us to formulate recommendations in terms of technology, strategy, and policy. The paper is based on the main results of the European FP7 OASE Integrated Project that ran between January 1, 2010 and February 28, 2013.

  • 16. Furdek, Marija
    et al.
    Skorin-Kapov, Nina
    Grbac, Masa
    Attack-aware wavelength assignment for localization of in-band crosstalk attack propagation2010Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 2, nr 11, s. 1000-1009Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The high data rates employed by wavelength division multiplexing transparent optical networks make them most suitable for today's growing network traffic demands. However, their transparency imposes several vulnerabilities in network security, enabling malicious signals to propagate from the source to other parts of the network without losing their attacking capabilities. Furthermore, detecting, locating the source, and localizing the spreading of such physical-layer attacks is more difficult since monitoring must be performed in the optical domain. While most failure and attack management approaches focus on network recovery after a fault or an attack has already occurred, we suggest a novel safety strategy, proposing a prevention-oriented method to aid attack localization and source identification in the planning phase. In this paper, we propose attack-aware wavelength assignment that minimizes the worst-case potential propagation of in-band crosstalk jamming attacks. We define a new objective criterion for the wavelength assignment (WA) problem, called the propagating crosstalk attack radius (P-CAR), and develop heuristic algorithms aimed at minimizing both the P-CAR and the number of wavelengths used. Our aim is to achieve better protection, but without the need for extra resources. We compare our algorithms with existing WA approaches, illustrating their benefits with respect to transparent optical networks' security, as well as the associated wavelength utilization.

  • 17. Giorgetti, A.
    et al.
    Sgambelluri, Andrea
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT).
    Paolucci, F.
    Cugini, F.
    Castoldi, P.
    Segment routing for effective recovery and multi-domain traffic engineering2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 2, s. A223-A232, artikel-id 7858127Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Segment routing is an emerging traffic engineering technique relying on Multi-protocol Label-Switched (MPLS) label stacking to steer traffic using the source-routing paradigm. Traffic flows are enforced through a given path by applying a specifically designed stack of labels (i.e., the segment list). Each packet is then forwarded along the shortest path toward the network element represented by the top label. Unlike traditional MPLS networks, segment routing maintains a per-flow state only at the ingress node; no signaling protocol is required to establish new flows or change the routing of active flows. Thus, control plane scalability is greatly improved. Several segment routing use cases have recently been proposed. As an example, it can be effectively used to dynamically steer traffic flows on paths characterized by low latency values. However, this may suffer from some potential issues. Indeed, deployed MPLS equipment typically supports a limited number of stacked labels. Therefore, it is important to define the proper procedures to minimize the required segment list depth. This work is focused on two relevant segment routing use cases: dynamic traffic recovery and traffic engineering in multi-domain networks. Indeed, in both use cases, the utilization of segment routing can significantly simplify the network operation with respect to traditional Internet Protocol (IP)/MPLS procedures. Thus, two original procedures based on segment routing are proposed for the aforementioned use cases. Both procedures are evaluated including a simulative analysis of the segment list depth. Moreover, an experimental demonstration is performed in a multi-layer test bed exploiting a software-defined-networking-based implementation of segment routing.

  • 18. Grigoreva, Elena
    et al.
    Wong, Elaine
    Furdek, Marija
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Mas Machuca, Carmen
    Energy Consumption and Reliability Performance of Survivable Passive Optical Converged Networks: Public ITS Case Study2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 4, s. C98-C107Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Access networks are evolving fast by increasing their capacity and coverage area, coping with a larger number of users and variety of terminals. Operators aim at keeping high network performance and quality of service but limiting their capital and operational expenditures by, e.g., minimizing investments and energy consumption using power saving at the network components. To address these challenges this paper evaluates the energy consumption, connection availability, and failure detection time of three protection schemes applicable for converged access networks: disjoint fiber protection, energy-efficient disjoint fiber protection, and reflective disjoint fiber protection. The schemes are assessed by a case study considering a public intelligent transport system (ITS). The studied ITS deploys a dedicated short-range communications radio access network connected to the service server through a protected passive access network. Comparison with unprotected architecture shows that reflective disjoint fiber protection offers low energy consumption and high connection availability, while it significantly reduces the failure detection time and, hence, the connection interruption time.

  • 19. Grover, Wayne
    et al.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS. KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Fumagalli, Andrea
    Call for Papers: High Availability in Optical Networks2006Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 5, nr 1, s. 75-76Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The Journal of Optical Networking (JON) is soliciting papers for a feature Issue pertaining to all aspects of reliable components and systems for optical networks and concepts, techniques, and experience leading to high availability of services provided by optical networks. Most nations now recognize that telecommunications in all its forms -- including voice, Internet, video, and so on -- are "critical infrastructure" for the society, commerce, government, and education. Yet all these services and applications are almost completely dependent on optical networks for their realization. "Always on" or apparently unbreakable communications connectivity is the expectation from most users and for some services is the actual requirement as well. Achieving the desired level of availability of services, and doing so with some elegance and efficiency, is a meritorious goal for current researchers. This requires development and use of high-reliability components and subsystems, but also concepts for active reconfiguration and capacity planning leading to high availability of service through unseen fast-acting survivability mechanisms. The feature issue is also intended to reflect some of the most important current directions and objectives in optical networking research, which include the aspects of integrated design and operation of multilevel survivability and realization of multiple Quality-of-Protection service classes. Dynamic survivable service provisioning, or batch re-provisioning is an important current theme, as well as methods that achieve high availability at far less investment in spare capacity than required by brute force service path duplication or 100% redundant rings, which is still the surprisingly prevalent practice. Papers of several types are envisioned in the feature issue, including outlook and forecasting types of treatments, optimization and analysis, new concepts for survivability, or papers on availability analysis methods or results. Customer, vendor, and researcher viewpoints and priorities will all be given consideration. Especially valuable to the community would be papers that include or provide measured data on actual reliability and availability performance of optical networking components or systems.Scope of SubmissionThe scope of the papers includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

    • Reliability and availability measurement techniques specific to optical network devices or services.
    • Data on SRLG statistics and frequency of different actual failure causes.
    • Real-life accounts or data on failure and repair rates or projected values for use in availability analysis.
    • Availability analysis methods, especially for survivable networks with reconfigurable or adaptive failure-specific responses.
    • Availability analysis and comparisons of basic schemes for survivability.
    • Differentiated availability schemes.
    • Design for Multiple Quality of Protection.
    • Different schemes for on-demand survivable service provisioning.
    • Basic comparisons or proposals of new survivability mechanisms and architectures.
    • Concepts yielding higher than 1+1 protection switching availability at less than 100% redundancy.
    • Survivable service provisioning in domains of optical transparency: dealing with signal impairments.

    Manuscript Submission To submit to this special issue, follow the normal procedure for submission to JON, indicating "Feature Issue: Optical Network Availability" in the "Comments" field of the online submission form. For all other questions relating to this feature issue, please send an e-mail to jon@osa.org, subject line "Feature Issue: Optical Network Availability." Additional information can be found on the JON website: http://www.osa-jon.org/submission/.

  • 20. Grover, Wayne
    et al.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Fumagalli, Andrea
    Call for Papers: High Availability in Optical Networks2005Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 4, nr 12, s. 874-875Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The Journal of Optical Networking (JON) is soliciting papers for a feature Issue pertaining to all aspects of reliable components and systems for optical networks and concepts, techniques, and experience leading to high availability of services provided by optical networks. Most nations now recognize that telecommunications in all its forms -- including voice, Internet, video, and so on -- are "critical infrastructure" for the society, commerce, government, and education. Yet all these services and applications are almost completely dependent on optical networks for their realization. "Always on" or apparently unbreakable communications connectivity is the expectation from most users and for some services is the actual requirement as well. Achieving the desired level of availability of services, and doing so with some elegance and efficiency, is a meritorious goal for current researchers. This requires development and use of high-reliability components and subsystems, but also concepts for active reconfiguration and capacity planning leading to high availability of service through unseen fast-acting survivability mechanisms. The feature issue is also intended to reflect some of the most important current directions and objectives in optical networking research, which include the aspects of integrated design and operation of multilevel survivability and realization of multiple Quality-of-Protection service classes. Dynamic survivable service provisioning, or batch re-provisioning is an important current theme, as well as methods that achieve high availability at far less investment in spare capacity than required by brute force service path duplication or 100% redundant rings, which is still the surprisingly prevalent practice. Papers of several types are envisioned in the feature issue, including outlook and forecasting types of treatments, optimization and analysis, new concepts for survivability, or papers on availability analysis methods or results. Customer, vendor, and researcher viewpoints and priorities will all be given consideration. Especially valuable to the community would be papers that include or provide measured data on actual reliability and availability performance of optical networking components or systems.Scope of SubmissionThe scope of the papers includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

    • Reliability and availability measurement techniques specific to optical network devices or services.
    • Data on SRLG statistics and frequency of different actual failure causes.
    • Real-life accounts or data on failure and repair rates or projected values for use in availability analysis.
    • Availability analysis methods, especially for survivable networks with reconfigurable or adaptive failure-specific responses.
    • Availability analysis and comparisons of basic schemes for survivability.
    • Differentiated availability schemes.
    • Design for Multiple Quality of Protection.
    • Different schemes for on-demand survivable service provisioning.
    • Basic comparisons or proposals of new survivability mechanisms and architectures.
    • Concepts yielding higher than 1+1 protection switching availability at less than 100% redundancy.
    • Survivable service provisioning in domains of optical transparency: dealing with signal impairments.

    Manuscript Submission To submit to this special issue, follow the normal procedure for submission to JON, indicating "Feature Issue: Optical Network Availability" in the "Comments" field of the online submission form. For all other questions relating to this feature issue, please send an e-mail to jon@osa.org, subject line "Feature Issue: Optical Network Availability." Additional information can be found on the JON website: http://www.osa-jon.org/submission/.

  • 21.
    Hong, Xuezhi
    et al.
    KTH. South China Normal University, China.
    Yang, Yi
    Gong, Yu
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab). South China Normal University, China.
    Passive Optical Interconnects Based on Cascading Wavelength Routing Devices for Datacenters: A Cross-Layer Perspective2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 4, s. C45-C53Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A general passive optical interconnect (POI) architecture based on cascading wavelength routing devices is proposed for datacenters. An analysis shows that with a proper port configuration, the logic topology of the proposed POI is equivalent to a DCell network, which has rich connectivity, leading to a high fault tolerance. Compared with the existing arrayed waveguide grating (AWG)-based architecture, such as H-LION, the proposed architecture has a higher AWG port utilization and lower cabling complexity that result in better scalability. Meanwhile, an impairment-aware scalability analysis is carried out to estimate the impact of in-band crosstalk on the size of the POI. Furthermore, a cross-layer investigation of the proposed POI provides a guideline to select proper physical-layer implementations, including optical interface structure and design of the transceiver, for acceptable network performance. The numerical results reveal that, with a moderate number of shortest paths K and degrees of node D, (a) the bidirectional optical interface is more suitable for large-scale datacenter networks than the unidirectional one, (b) an array of fixed receivers can be replaced by just a small number of tunable receivers with negligible degradation in network performance, and (c) decreasing 50% of the tuning range of the receivers causes only a minor increase of blocking probability, which demonstrates a good balance between the complexity of the transceiver design and network performance.

  • 22.
    Hong, Yuanyuan
    et al.
    Zhejiang Univ, Ctr Opt & Electromagnet Res, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China..
    Hong, Xuezhi
    South China Normal Univ, ZJU SCNU Joint Res Ctr Photon, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China..
    He, Sailing
    KTH. Zhejiang Univ, Ctr Opt & Electromagnet Res, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH. South China Normal Univ, ZJU SCNU Joint Res Ctr Photon, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
    Hybrid Routing and Adaptive Spectrum Allocation for Flex-Grid Optical Interconnects2018Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 10, nr 5, s. 506-514Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A hybrid routing scheme with an adaptive spectrum assignment is proposed for flex-grid all-optical core switch supporting multihop transparent paths in data center networks. Compared with conventional spectrum assignment algorithms (RSA) developed for a multihop network with optical-electric-optical (OEO) conversion in every hop (i.e., RSA for EO) and that devised for an all-optical multihop network (i.e., RSA for AO), the present RSA algorithm provides better utilization of network resources. Being aware of the all-optical bypass path in hopping, the proposed RSA reduces the blocking probability due to lack of bandwidth-tunable transceivers, which is the major reason for blocking for an RSA for the EO. Similar to the RSA for the AO, the proposed RSA is compatible with the number-of-hops adaptive spectrum assignment, which improves spectrum efficiency. On the other hand, the new algorithm enhances connectivity by eliminating the number-of-hops limitation, which severely constrains the performance of RSA for the AO. Simulations for the system are carried out to investigate the performance of the new algorithm. The impacts of various parameters, such as traffic load, ratio of connection requests with different data rates, and resource configuration on the link cost, are studied in terms of network blocking probability (BP). The achievable traffic load of the proposed RSA under varied connection degrees (i.e., the maximum number of ports that one rack has in order to connect to the core switch) and number of racks is also assessed to keep BP no more than 0.1. The results show that the proposed RSA with appropriate cost functions outperforms the EO and AO, which implies that it has the highest scalability.

  • 23.
    Li, Jun
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Passive Optical Network Based Mobile Backhaul Enabling Ultra-Low Latency for Communications Among Base Stations2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 10, s. 855-863Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Low latency is of key importance for mobile networks to support emerging time-critical applications, such as road traffic safety and efficiency. Meanwhile, a passive optical network (PON) is widely recognized as a promising solution for mobile backhaul networks thanks to its high capacity and low energy consumption. In the conventional PON-based mobile backhaul network, where base stations (BSs) are co-located with optical network units, the traffic between the neighboring BSs that are mainly caused by user mobility has to be first sent to the optical line terminal and even further, e.g., edge nodes of mobile core networks, resulting in high latency, although the adjacent BSs are geographically located close to each other. In this paper, a novel PON-based architecture is proposed for mobile backhaul to enhance the connectivity between neighboring BSs. Meanwhile, a tailored medium access control protocol and dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm are introduced to support fast inter-BS communications. The results reveal that a low latency (less than 1 ms packet delay) for communications among any adjacent BSs can be achieved in the proposed PON-based mobile backhaul network, demonstrating great potential to support future time-critical applications.

  • 24.
    Li, Jun
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Shen, Xiaoman
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Chen, L.
    Ou, J.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Delay-aware bandwidth slicing for service migration in mobile backhaul networks2019Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 11, nr 4, s. B1-B9, artikel-id 8697074Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Fog computing is expected to be integrated with communication infrastructure, giving rise to the concept of fog-enhanced radio access networks (FeRANs) to support various mission-critical applications. Such architecture brings computation capabilities closer to end users, thereby reducing the communication latency to access services. In the context of FeRAN, service migration is needed to tackle limited resources in a single fog node and to provide continuous service for mobile end users. To support service migration, high capacity and low latency are required in mobile backhaul networks. Passive optical networks can be a promising solution for such mobile back-haul, in which bandwidth is shared by both migration traffic and that which is not associated with service migration. In this paper, we propose a bandwidth slicing mechanism, in which the bandwidth can be provisioned to the migration traffic and non-migration traffic dynamically and effectively to meet their different delay requirements. Simulation results verify that the proposed delay-aware bandwidth slicing scheme can handle the migration traffic properly, i.e., sending it within a required time threshold, while limiting the impact of the migration traffic on the latency and jitter of the non-migration traffic, particularly that with high priority.

  • 25.
    Mas Machuca, Carmen
    et al.
    Technical University of Munich.
    Kind, Maria
    Wang, Kun
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab). RISE Acreo.
    Casier, Koen
    Mahloo, Mozhgan
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Methodology for a cost evaluation of migration toward NGOA networks2013Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 5, nr 12, s. 1456-1466Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Evolution of optical access networks promises to bring higher bandwidth to more customers. However, this evolution toward so-called next generation optical access (NGOA) networks also introduces additional challenges that operators and/or vendors have to address: how to properly estimate and compare different NGOA architectures and their evolutionary paths in terms of their economics. Calculating the total cost of ownership (TCO) for NGOA networks is a very complex target as it needs to involve good knowledge of the technology, the existing network infrastructure, and any migration-related processes. In this paper a complete methodology is presented for evaluating the TCO of the migration toward a NGOA network. It contains a detailed description of which key aspects have to be considered, which processes they affect, and how they are translated into costs in a logical manner. Finally, it also shows how this methodology has been applied to particular selected cases and how it gives a detailed view of all costs involved in migration. This approach opens up opportunities to cooperate in techno-economic research using it as a base. Both operators and vendors can also utilize this approach to get a useful economic background of their future investments and potential sales.

  • 26.
    Monti, Paolo
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Shen, Gangxiang (Steven)
    Soochow Univ, Suzhou, Peoples R China..
    Wong, Elaine
    Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Introduction to the Feature Issue on the IEEE Globecom 2017 ONS Symposium2018Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 10, nr 8, s. ONS1-ONS2Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    This feature issue is based on extended and revised versions of the top-ranked papers presented at the Optical Networks and Systems (ONS) Symposium that took place during the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 2017). The papers appearing in this Feature Issue cover a wide range of topics, including elastic optical networks, mobile fronthaul, network function virtualization, survivability, and hybrid datacenter networks.

  • 27. Muhammad, Ajmal
    et al.
    Cavdar, Cicek
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Forchheimer, Robert
    Service Differentiated Provisioning in Dynamic WDM Networks Based on Set-Up Delay Tolerance2013Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 5, nr 11, s. 1250-1261Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Optical networks are expected to provide a unified platform for a diverse set of emerging applications (three-dimensional TV, digital cinema, e-health, grid computing, etc). The service differentiation will be an essential feature of these networks. Considering the fact that users have different levels of patience for different network applications, referred to as set-up delay tolerance, it will be one of the key parameters for service differentiation. Service differentiation based on set-up delay tolerance will not only enable network users to select an appropriate service class (SC) in compliance with their requirements, but will also provide an opportunity to optimize the network resource provisioning by exploiting this information, resulting in an improvement in the overall performance. Improvement in network performance can be further enhanced by exploiting the connection holding-time awareness. However, when multiple classes of service with different set-up delay tolerances are competing for network resources, the connection requests belonging to SCs with higher set-up delay tolerance have better chances to grab the resources and leave less room for the others, resulting in degradation in the blocking performance of less patient customers. This study proposes different scheduling strategies for promoting the requests belonging to smaller set-up delay tolerance SCs, such as giving priority, reserving some fraction of available resources, and augmenting the research space by providing some extra paths. Extensive simulation results show that 1) priority in the rescheduling queue is not always sufficient for eradicating the degradation effect of high delay tolerant SCs on the provisioning rate of the most stringent SC, and 2) by utilizing the proposed strategies, resource efficiency and overall network blocking performance improve significantly in all SCs.

  • 28.
    Muhammad, Ajmal
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Skorin-Kapov, Nina
    Furdek, Marija
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Manycast, Anycast, and Replica Placement in Optical Inter-Datacenter Networks2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 12, s. 1161-1171Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The expanding adoption of cloud-based services in recent years puts stringent requirements on datacenters (DCs) and their interconnection networks. Optical inter-datacenter networks represent the only viable option for satisfying the huge bandwidth required to replicate and update content for cloud-based services across geographically dispersed datacenters. In addition to content replication and synchronization, optical inter-datacenter networks must also support communication between datacenters and end-users. The resulting new traffic patterns and the enormous traffic volumes call for new capacityefficient approaches for inter-datacenter network designs that incorporate both transport and datacenter resource planning. This paper introduces an integrated approach to optimally place content replicas across DCs by concurrently solving the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem for both inter-DC content replication and synchronization traffic following the manycast routing paradigm, and end-user-driven user-to-DC communication following the anycast routing paradigm, with the objective to reduce the overall network capacity usage. To attain this goal, the manycast, anycast, and replica placement (MARP) problem is formulated as an integer linear program to find optimal solutions for smaller problem instances. Due to the problem complexity, a scalable and efficient heuristic algorithm is developed to solve larger network scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed integrated MARP strategy can significantly reduce the network capacity usage when compared to the benchmarking replica placement and RWA schemes aimed at minimizing the resources consumed by either of the two types of traffic independently.

  • 29. Nag, Avishek
    et al.
    Furdek, Marija
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Ruffini, Marco
    Exploiting Dual Homing in Access Networks to Improve Resiliency in Core Networks2016Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 8, nr 11, s. 854-862Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose a network architecture consisting of long-reach passive optical network-based access and a transparent optical core network. The end users are connected to the remote node or the local exchange (LE) through an optical distribution network, and the remote node is connected by disjoint feeder fiber links to central offices located in two distinct metro/ core (MC) nodes. This method of connecting a single remote node to two geographically separate MC nodes for dedicated protection in case of feeder fiber failure is referred to as dual homing. In this work, we explore the benefits of dual homing in the access in simultaneously providing better resilience and load balancing in the core network considering connections between LEs. While looking into the benefits of dual homing in terms of network resiliency, we also explore whether the path redundancies added by dual homing play a role in providing efficient distribution of load across the core network and thereby reduce the cost of provisioning capacity in terms of number of lightpaths, transponders, etc. Dual homing at both the source and destination LEs offers more options for paths between LEs through the core network. Our results show that dual-homed access proves to be advantageous over single-homed access in terms of enhancing both core network resiliency and facilitating better load balancing.

  • 30.
    Natalino, Carlos
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Spadaro, Salvatore
    Costa, Joao
    Carlos, Frances
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Restoration in Optical Cloud Networks With Relocation and Services Differentiation2016Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 8, nr 2, s. 100-111Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Optical cloud networks allow for the integrated management of both optical and IT resources. In this paradigm, cloud services can be provisioned in an anycast fashion; i.e., only the source node asking for a service is specified, while it is up to the cloud control/management system to select the most suitable destination data center (DC) node. During the cloud service provisioning process, resiliency is crucial in order to guarantee continuous network operations also in the presence of failures. On the one hand, a survivability strategy needs to be able to meet the availability requirements of each specific cloud service, while on the other hand it must be efficient in using backup resources. This paper proposes a restoration-based survivability strategy, which combines the benefits of both cloud service relocation and service differentiation concepts. The former is used to enhance the restorability performance (i.e., the percentage of successfully restored cloud services) offered by restoration, while the latter ensures that critical services are given the proper consideration while backup resources are assigned. The paper proposes both an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation, which guarantees optimal results, and a heuristic, which trades the optimality of the solution achieved by the ILP for faster processing times. Simulation results show that the average service availability and restorability performance obtained by both the ILP and the heuristic are very close to that achievable using a protection-based strategy, but with the inherent benefit, in terms of efficient use of resources, offered by a restoration-based approach.

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  • 31.
    Pang, Xiaodan
    et al.
    Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Beltrán, Marta
    Sánchez, José
    Pellicer, Eloy
    Olmos, JJ Vegas
    Llorente, Roberto
    Monroy, Idelfonso Tafur
    Centralized optical-frequency-comb-based RF carrier generator for DWDM fiber-wireless access systems2014Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 6, nr 1, s. 1-7, artikel-id 6725818Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we report on a gigabit capacity fiber-wireless system that enables smooth integration between high-speed wireless networks and dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) access networks. By employing a centralized optical frequency comb, both the wireline and the wireless services for each DWDM user can be simultaneously supported. Besides, each baseband channel can be transparently upconverted to multiple radio-frequency (RF) bands for different wireless standards, which can be flexibly filtered at the end user to select the on-demand RF band, depending on the wireless applications. For demonstration, we transmit a 2.5 Gbit/s signal through the proposed system and successfully achieve a bit-error-rate (BER) performance well below the 7% overhead forward error correction limit of the BER of 2 x 10(-3) for both the wireline and the wireless signals in the 60 GHz band after 25 km single-mode fiber plus up to 6 m wireless distance.

  • 32.
    Raza, Muhammad Rehan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Fiorani, Matteo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab). Kungliga Tekniska högskolan.
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Demonstration of Dynamic Resource Sharing Benefits in an Optical CRAN2016Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 8, nr 8, s. 621-632Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The next generation of mobilecommunication (i.e., 5G) will bring new challengesfor the transport infrastructure, e.g. in terms offlexibility and capacity. The joint orchestration ofradio and transport resources can help to addresssome of these challenges. One example is thepossibility to reconfigure the use of the transportnetwork resources according to the spatial andtemporal variations of the wireless traffic patterns.Using the concept of dynamic resource sharing, alimited pool of transport resources can be sharedamong a large number of radio base stations (RBSs)thus reducing considerably the overall deploymentcost of the transport infrastructure.This paper proposes a provisioning strategy for acentralized radio access network (C-RAN) with anoptical transport whose wavelength resources can bedynamically shared among multiple RBSs. Theproposed strategy utilizes a hierarchical softwaredefined networking (SDN) control plane where aglobal orchestrator optimizes the usage of radio andtransport resources. The benefits of the proposedstrategy are assessed both by simulation and byexperiment via an optical data plane emulatordeveloped for this purpose. It is shown that thedynamic resource sharing can save up to 31.4% oftransport resources compared to a conventionaldimensioning approach, i.e., based onoverprovisioning of wavelength resources.

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  • 33.
    Raza, Muhammad Rehan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Fiorani, Matteo
    Rostami, Ahmad
    Öhlen, Peter
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Dynamic Slicing Approach for Multi-Tenant 5G Transport Networks2018Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 10, nr 1, s. A77-A90Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Software defined networking allows network providers to share their physical network (PN) among multiple tenants by means of network slicing, where several virtual networks (VNs) are provisioned on top of the physical one. In this scenario, PN resource utilization can be improved by introducing advanced orchestration functionalities that can intelligently assign and redistribute resources among the slices of different tenants according to the temporal variation of the VN resource requirements. This is a concept known as dynamic slicing. This paper presents a solution for the dynamic slicing problem in terms of both mixed integer linear programming formulations and heuristic algorithms. The benefits of dynamic slicing are compared against static slicing, i.e., an approach without intelligent adaptation of the amount of resources allocated to each VN. Simulation results show that dynamic slicing can reduce the VN rejection probability by more than 1 order of magnitude compared to static slicing. This can help network providers accept more VNs into their infrastructure and potentially increase their revenues. The benefits of dynamic slicing come at a cost in terms of service degradation (i.e., when not all the resources required by a VN can be provided), but the paper shows that the service degradation level introduced by the proposed solutions is very small.

  • 34. Ruffini, M.
    et al.
    Achouche, M.
    Arbelaez, A.
    Bonk, R.
    Di Giglio, A.
    Doran, N. J.
    Furdek, Marija
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Jensen, R.
    Montalvo, J.
    Parsons, N.
    Pfeiffer, T.
    Quesada, L.
    Raack, C.
    Rohde, H.
    Schiano, M.
    Talli, G.
    Townsend, P.
    Wessaly, R.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Yin, X.
    Payne, D. B.
    Access and metro network convergence for flexible end-to-end network design [invited]2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 6, s. 524-535, artikel-id 7947089Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reports on the architectural, protocol, physical layer, and integrated testbed demonstrations carried out by the DISCUS FP7 consortium in the area of access-metro network convergence. Our architecture modeling results show the vast potential for cost and power savings that node consolidation can bring. The architecture, however, also recognizes the limits of long-reach transmission for low-latency 5G services and proposes ways to address such shortcomings in future projects. The testbed results, which have been conducted end-toend, across access-metro and core, and have targeted all the layers of the network from the application down to the physical layer, show the practical feasibility of the concepts proposed in the project.

  • 35.
    Sgambelluri, A.
    et al.
    Scuola Super Sant Anna, Pisa, Italy..
    Dugeon, O.
    Orange Labs, Lannion, France..
    Muhammad, Ajmal
    KTH.
    Martin-Perez, J.
    Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain.;IMDEA Networks Inst, Madrid, Spain..
    Ubaldi, F.
    Ericsson Res, Pisa, Italy..
    Sevilla, K.
    Orange Labs, Lannion, France..
    De Dios, O. G.
    ID Telefon, Madrid, Spain..
    Pepe, T.
    Ericsson Res, Pisa, Italy..
    Bernardos, C. J.
    Univ Carlos III Madrid, Madrid, Spain.;IMDEA Networks Inst, Madrid, Spain..
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH.
    Paolucci, F.
    Scuola Super Sant Anna, Pisa, Italy..
    Orchestrating QoS-based Connectivity Services in a Multi-Operator Sandbox2019Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 11, nr 2, s. A196-A208Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the main features of 5G networks is the coordinated orchestration of both information technology (IT) and connectivity resources. This enables the deployment of a flexible and programmable architecture able to provision end-to-end services with different (and sometimes quite) stringent quality of service (QoS) constraints. In this paradigm, service orchestration may take place over single or multiple administrative domains. The 5G Exchange (5GEx) project, building on the software-defined network and the network function virtualization (NFV) concepts, targets the design and the implementation of a multi-domain orchestrator (MdO) prototype for the automatic provisioning of network service across multiple administrative domains. This paper presents an architectural solution, designed and implemented in the context of the 5GEx MdO prototype, that can be used to establish end-to-end connectivity tunnels with QoS constraints (i.e., bandwidth and/or end-to-end delay) connecting virtualized network functions deployed in remote data centers controlled by different providers by means of an innovative stateful backward recursive path-computation-element based computation procedure. The proposed solution has been experimentally validated in terms of scalability, reliability, and end-to-end workflow proof-of-concept. Results show how the designed solution permits the automatic establishment of QoS-based end-to-end tunnels spanning across multi-technology and multi-operator network domains. The orchestration scheme does not present scalability issues for either the advertisement of resources or for the provisioning of connectivity services. Moreover, no issues have been identified from the reliability point of view.

  • 36. Shen, X.
    et al.
    He, Sailing
    KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES).
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Medium access control protocol and resource allocation for passive optical interconnects2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 7, s. 555-562, artikel-id 8000262Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Passive optical interconnects (POIs) have recently been considered as a promising solution to offer high bandwidth and low power consumption for data center networks. This paper proposes a medium access control protocol for a POI based on arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) to facilitate efficient collision-free communications. In order to efficiently accommodate bursty traffic generated by the servers in the data center, we develop a tailored dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm, which is able to schedule resources in both time and spectrum. In the simulation, not only the impact of DBA algorithm parameters but also the system configurations, such as wavelength tuning time, line rate, and the size of the interconnect, have been investigated. For a typical link utilization on an optical interconnect at the top of the rack, the proposed resource allocation scheme ensures both low latency (<0.1 ms) and a low frame drop ratio (almost zero).

  • 37. Simsarian, Jesse
    et al.
    Fontaine, Nicolas
    Furdek, Marija
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Zervas, Georgios
    Photonic Networks and Devices Feature: Introduction2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 4, s. 243-243Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This feature issue, based on the OSA Photonic Networks and Devices (NETWORKS) meeting, part of the Advanced Photonics Congress, showcases the latest progress across the photonic network ecosystem from physical-layer devices to network management solutions.

  • 38. Skubic, Bjorn
    et al.
    Fiorani, Matteo
    Tombaz, Sibel
    Furuskar, Anders
    Martensson, Jonas
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Optical Transport Solutions for 5G Fixed Wireless Access [Invited]2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 9, s. D10-D18Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    With the advent of 5G, fixed wireless access (FWA) has emerged as a promising candidate for rolling out fixed broadband services. By means of radio simulations, we define a 5G radio deployment scenario for FWA that can meet the service requirements of future fixed broadband access. Different transport requirements imposed by different radio access network (RAN) split options are considered and a broad range of optical transport technologies/systems to support the FWA scenario is analyzed. For higher-layer RAN split options, we find that conventional 10G passive optical networks (XG-PONs) and coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) technologies are the most cost effective. CWDM provides improved support for low-latency services while XG-PON facilitates future migration to fiber to the home. For lower-layer RAN splits, point-to-point (PtP) fiber or PtP-WDM is required. In the considered scenario, CWDM and PtP technologies are found to be the most cost effective.

  • 39. Tzanakaki, Anna
    et al.
    Katrinis, Kostas
    Politi, Tanya
    Stavdas, Alexandros
    Pickavet, Mario
    Van Daele, Peter
    Simeonidou, Dimitra
    O'Mahony, Mike J.
    Aleksic, Slavisa
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Dimensioning the Future Pan-European Optical Network With Energy Efficiency Considerations2011Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 3, nr 4, s. 272-280Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper studies the overall energy consumption of a pan-European optical transport network for three different time periods: today and in five and ten years from now. In each time period the pan-European network was dimensioned using traffic predictions based on realistic data generated by the optical networking roadmap developed in the framework of the European project Building the Future Optical Network in Europe-BONE. A wavelength routed wavelength division multiplexed optical network based on either transparent or opaque node architectures was examined considering exclusively either 10 Gbit/s or 40 Gbit/s per channel data rates. The results manifest that transparent optical networking technologies are expected to provide significant energy savings of the order of 35% to 55%. It was also shown that the migration towards higher data rates, i.e., from 10 Gbit/s to 40 Gbit/s, is assisting in improving the overall energy efficiency of the network.

  • 40.
    Tzanakaki, Anna
    et al.
    Univ Athens, Athens 15772, Greece..
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH.
    Schares, Laurent
    IBM Corp, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA..
    Liu, Hong
    Google, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA..
    Simeonidou, Dimitra
    Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England..
    Special Issue on Optical Data Center Networks2018Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 10, nr 7, s. ODC1-ODC3Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    To support the current trends in cloud, Internet of Things, 5G, etc., massive amounts of data need to be processed and stored with very different performance requirements in terms of capacity, granularity, delay, etc. These requirements drive the need for both mega-size data centers (DCs) and distributed micro DCs interconnected with high-speed communication links. This special issue focuses on the key role of optical networking in meeting these requirements through high-capacity, energy-efficient, and flexible connectivity, and presents recent advancements in DC architectures, network solutions, and optical technologies needed to interconnect computing and storage resources within and between DCs.

  • 41.
    Urban, Patryk
    et al.
    Ericsson.
    Getaneh, Agerekibre
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Weid, Jean Pierre von der
    Temporão, Guilherme Penello
    Vall-llosera, Gemma
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Detection of Fiber Faults in Passive Optical Networks2013Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 5, nr 11, s. 1111-1121Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Wider deployment of fiber in the last mile is driven by increased customer needs for broadband communication services. This deployment requires solutions that reduce operational expenditures for the operator. A cost-efficient fully reliable and accurate monitoring solution supporting fault detection, identification, and localization in different fiber access architectures will be essential. In this article, we present a fast, automatic, and precise monitoring method applicable to both power-splitter- and wavelength-router-based passive optical networks through the combined techniques of optical time domain reflectometry and optical transceiver monitoring. The description of the architecture, components, and process flow is followed by tests on setups with live data transmission.

  • 42. Velasco, L.
    et al.
    Jirattigalachote, Amornrat
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Ruiz, M.
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Junyent, G.
    Statistical Approach for Fast Impairment-Aware Provisioning in Dynamic All-Optical Networks2012Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 4, nr 2, s. 130-141Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Physical layer impairments (PLIs) need to be considered in the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) process of all-optical networks to ensure the provisioning of good quality optical connections (i.e., lightpaths). A convenient way to model the impact of PLIs on the signal quality is to use the so-called Q-factor. In a dynamic provisioning environment, impairment-aware RWA (IA-RWA) algorithms include Q-factor evaluation in their on-line decisions on whether to accept a connection request or not. The Q-factor can be computed in either an approximated or an exact way. IA-RWA algorithms using an approximated Q-factor estimation (i.e., worst case) can be very fast and allow for a short setup delay. However, connection request blocking can be unnecessarily high because of the worst-case assumption for the Q-factor parameters. In contrast, an exact Q-factor computation results in a better blocking performance at the expense of a longer setup delay, mainly due to the time spent for the Q-factor computation itself. Moreover, an exact Q-factor approach requires extensions of the generalized multi-protocol label switching suite. To overcome these problems, we propose a statistical approach for fast impairment-aware RWA (SAFIR) computation. The evaluation results reveal that SAFIR improves the blocking probability performance compared to the worst-case scenario without adding extra computational complexity and, consequently, without increasing the connection setup delay.

  • 43.
    Wang, Kun
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab). RISE Acreo.
    Mas Machuca, Carmen
    Technical University of Munich.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Urban, Patryk J.
    Ericsson.
    Gavler, Anders
    RISE Acreo.
    Brunnström, Kjell
    RISE Acreo.
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Techno-Economic Analysis of Active Optical Network Migration Toward Next-Generation Optical Access2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 4, s. 327-341Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Active optical networks (AONs) have been one of the most deployed fiber access solutions in Europe. However, with the increasing traffic demand, the capacity of the existing AONs is becoming insufficient. For the legacy AONs, there are two major variants of architectures, namely, point-to-point and active star. Considering the different characteristics of these two AON architectures, this paper proposes and analyzes several migration paths toward next-generation optical access (NGOA) networks offering a minimum 300 Mbit/s sustainable bit rate and 1 Gbit/s peak bit rate to every end customer. Furthermore, this paper provides detailed descriptions of the network cost modeling and the processes for AON migration. The total cost of ownership (TCO) is evaluated for the proposed migration paths, taking into account different migration starting times, customer penetration, node consolidation, and business roles in the fiber access networks. The migration from AON to NGOA can be economically feasible. The results indicate that a network provider plays a key business role and is responsible for the major part of the TCO for AON migration. Moreover, performing node consolidation during AON migration can be beneficial from a cost point of view, especially in rural areas.

  • 44. Wang, X.
    et al.
    Wang, L.
    Cavdar, Cicek
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab).
    Tornatore, M.
    Figueiredo, G. B.
    Chung, H. S.
    Lee, H. H.
    Park, S.
    Mukherjee, B.
    Handover reduction in virtualized cloud radio access networks using TWDM-PON fronthaul2016Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 8, nr 12, s. B124-B134Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    To meet challenging 5G capacity requirements, operators are densifying their cellular networks by deploying additional small cells to cover hot spots, and such an increase in the number and density of cells may result in excessive numbers of handovers. In this study, we propose a handover reduction mechanism implemented in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) by exploiting the high capacity of an optical access network serving as a "fronthaul." CRAN has been proposed as a 5G radio access network architecture, where the digital unit (DU) of a conventional base station (BS) is separated from the radio unit (RU) and moved to the "cloud" (DU-cloud) for better mobility management and cost saving. Separating RUs and DUs requires a low-latency and high-bandwidth 5G transport network to handle "fronthaul" traffic, for which optical access is an excellent choice. Here, we present a new 5G architecture, called virtualized-CRAN (V-CRAN), moving toward a cell-less 5G mobile network architecture. We leverage the concept of a "virtualized-BS" (V-BS) that can be formed by exploiting several enabling technologies such as software-defined radio and coordinated multipoint transmission/reception. A V-BS can be formed on a per-user basis by allocating virtualized resources on demand so that common signals can be jointly transmitted from multiple RUs to the user without triggering handover. We first model the handover reduction optimization problem for a scenario where future mobility information is known, and then propose a suite of algorithms for a scenario where future information is unknown. Simulation results show that V-CRAN can enhance the throughput of users at the cell-edge, as well as significantly reduce the number of handovers, handover delay, and failure rate.

  • 45.
    Wiatr, Pawel
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Energy Efficiency Versus Reliability Performance in Optical Backbone Networks2015Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 7, nr 3, s. A482-A491Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Improving the energy efficiency in telecommunication networks has been one of the main research topics of the past few years. As a result, many energy efficient algorithms have been proposed, some focusing on maximizing only the energy savings, others considering also the impact that green strategies have on other network performance metrics, e.g., delay, utilization of network resources, and blocking probability. The aim of this paper is to provide new insight on the impact of energy efficient strategies, i.e., investigating the trade-off between green network operations and the reliability performance of optical backbone devices. The study is motivated by the intuition that energy efficient strategies are usually based on putting unutilized devices in power saving (sleep) mode, which can have some side effects (e.g., frequent on/sleep switching, and/or high fiber link utilization) that may affect the working conditions of a device. To better understand these phenomena, this paper presents a number of models aimed at estimating the reliability performance changes of a device as a function of its average working temperature, of its temperature variations, and of its average occupancy. These models are then used to carry out a study both at the component and at the network levels. The study at the component level shows that erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are critical devices, i.e., their achievable energy savings might not cover the additional reparation costs resulting from their reliability performance degradation. Similar findings are reached also with the network level study. In summary, it can be concluded that the use of energy efficient routing algorithms based on setting EDFAs in sleep mode may not always be beneficial.

  • 46. Wong, Elaine
    et al.
    Grigoreva, Elena
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS.
    Machuca, Carmen Mas
    Enhancing the Survivability and Power Savings of 5G Transport Networks Based on DWDM Rings2017Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 9, nr 9, s. D74-D85Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    So much has been promised by the fifth generation (5G), the revolution of mobile communications that allows for flexible, speedy, and efficient delivery of unlimited data and information sharing between people located anywhere and at any time. The road toward making 5G a reality, however, requires concerted efforts in designing both the underlying infrastructure and the enabling technologies to simultaneously satisfy not only capacity but also reliability, low latency, synchronization, security, and energy consumption requirements. In that respect, the transport segment of a 5G network, i.e., the backhaul network of mobile base stations (BSs) or fronthaul of remote radio units (RRUs), must not be overlooked. Further, any future design of a resilient 5G transport network must also consider the potential exploitation of switching on and off network resources such as RRUs and BSs to improve energy efficiency. At present, there are few inroads on 5G transport networks that provide resilience during sleep mode operation. Therefore, the focus of this workis aimed specifically at providing solutions to enhance both the survivability and power savings of mobile transport networks that implement sleep mode operation. We develop our solutions around a dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) optical ring transport network that has been previously proven to be energy efficient as a 5G transport network. Further, we propose two survivable schemes that exploit the inherent resiliency of the ring network. In conjunction with cw monitoring signals and highly sensitive monitoring modules, these schemes facilitate for the first time continuous monitoring of the network at all times, even during idle periods of transmission when transceivers are sleeping. That is, our proposed schemes enable network energy savings through sleep mode operation without having to compromise on failure detection time. Compared to a conventional ring architecture, our survivable schemes provide enhanced connection availability and power savings at less than 0.2% incremental network cost. Based on performance evaluations for brownfield, duct reuse, and greenfield deployments, we provide guidance on the most suitable scheme for each considered scenario, thus driving the future choices of mobile network operators.

  • 47.
    Wosinska, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS. KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Fotonik och optik, Fotonik.
    Simeonidou, Dimitra
    Tzanakaki, Anna
    Raffaelli, Carla
    Politi, Christina
    Optical Networks for the Future Internet: Introduction [to the Special Issue]2009Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 1, nr 2, s. FI1-FI3Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Not available

  • 48.
    Yan, Li
    et al.
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Fiorani, Matteo
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT).
    Muhammad, Ajmal
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT).
    Tornatore, Massimo
    Politecn Milan, Milan, Italy..
    Agrell, Erik
    Chalmers Univ Technol, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Datavetenskap, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Network Performance Trade-Off in Modular Data Centers With Optical Spatial Division Multiplexing2018Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 10, nr 9, s. 796-808Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Modular design based on spatial division-multiplexing switches is a promising way to improve the capacity and reduce the cabling complexity of data center networks. However, due to the coexistence of mice and elephant flows, in modular data center networks a trade-off between the blocking probability and total throughput arises. In fact, blocking elephant flows would lead to a relevant penalty on the throughput but a small penalty on the blocking probability. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the blocking and throughput in modular data center networks based on optical spatial division multiplexing. We combine the two metrics linearly by a weight factor that prioritizes them relatively. To solve the resource allocation problem, we propose both mixed integer linear programming formulations and close-to-optimal heuristics for three different spatial division multiplexing switching schemes. Simulation results demonstrate that a carefully chosen weight factor is necessary to achieve a proper balance between the blocking probability and throughput for all the schemes.

  • 49.
    Yang, Yanpeng
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab). KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Centra, KTH Center för Trådlösa System, Wireless@kth.
    Sung, Ki Won
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab). KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Centra, KTH Center för Trådlösa System, Wireless@kth.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Kommunikationssystem, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Hybrid Fiber and Microwave Protection for Mobile Backhauling2014Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 6, nr 10, s. 869-878Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Several studies have shown that optical-fiber-based backhauling offers a future proof solution to handle rapidly increasing traffic in wireless access networks and outperforms other existing backhauling technologies, such as microwave and copper, in terms of capacity, scalability, and sustainability. However, the deployment cost of fiber infrastructure is relatively high and it may be difficult to provide a cost efficient and flexible protection strategy for a fiber backhauling network. Considering that protection is very important to avoid service interruption in a high-capacity mobile backhauling network, in this paper we propose a hybrid fiber and microwave protection scheme for mobile backhauling based on a passive optical network (PON). The proposed reliable architecture is compatible with any wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)based PON, e. g., pure WDM PON and a hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM) PON, offering high flexibility and relatively low deployment cost. The backup for the feeder fiber is provided by dual homing, while the protection of the distribution section can be established via a microwave connection between two base stations in case high reliability performance is required, e. g., for macrocells covering large service areas. We have carried out an extensive assessment of our approach in terms of connection availability, failure impact, complexity, and flexibility in providing resiliency. We also show a comparison with other existing solutions. The evaluation results confirm that our scheme can achieve relatively high flexibility and reliability performance while maintaining low complexity compared with the existing approaches.

  • 50. Yuan, H.
    et al.
    Furdek, Marija
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT).
    Muhammad, Ajmal
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT).
    Saljoghei, A.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT).
    Zervas, G.
    Space-division multiplexing in data center networks: On multi-core fiber solutions and crosstalk-suppressed resource allocation2018Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, ISSN 1943-0620, E-ISSN 1943-0639, Vol. 10, nr 4, s. 272-288Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The rapid growth of traffic inside data centers caused by the increasing adoption of cloud services necessitates a scalable and cost-efficient networking infrastructure. Space-division multiplexing (SDM) is considered as a promising solution to overcome the optical network capacity crunch and support cost-effective network capacity scaling. Multi-core fiber (MCF) is regarded as the most feasible and efficient way to realize SDM networks, and its deployment inside data centers seems very likely as the issue of inter-core crosstalk (XT) is not severe over short link spans (<1 km) compared to that in long-haul transmission. However, XT can still have a considerable effect in MCF over short distances,which can limit the transmission reach and in turn the data center's size. XT can be further reduced by bi-directional transmission of optical signals in adjacent MCF cores. This paper evaluates the benefits of MCF-based SDM solutions in terms of maximizing the capacity and spatial efficiency of data center networks. To this end, we present an analytical model for XT in bi-directional normal step-index and trench-assisted MCFs and propose corresponding XT-aware core prioritization schemes. We further develop XT-aware spectrum resource allocation strategies aimed at relieving the complexity of online XT computation. These strategies divide the available spectrum into disjoint bands and incrementally add them to the pool of accessible resources based on the network conditions. Several combinations of core mapping and spectrum resource allocation algorithms are investigated for eight types of homogeneous MCFs comprising 7-61 cores, three different multiplexing schemes, and three data center network topologies with two traffic scenarios. Extensive simulation results showthat combining bi-directional transmission in dense core fibers with tailored resource allocation schemes significantly increases the network capacity. Moreover, a multiplexing scheme that combines SDM and WDM can achieve up to 33 times higher link spatial efficiency and up to 300 times greater capacity compared to a WDM solution.

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