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  • 1.
    Abergel, David
    et al.
    KTH, Centres, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics NORDITA.
    Mucha-Kruczynski, Marcin
    Infrared absorption of closely aligned heterostructures of monolayer and bilayer graphene with hexagonal boron nitride2015In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 92, no 11, article id 115430Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We model optical absorption of monolayer and bilayer graphene on hexagonal boron nitride for the case of closely aligned crystal lattices. We show that perturbations with different spatial symmetry can lead to similar absorption spectra. We suggest that a study of the absorption spectra as a function of the doping for an almost completely full first miniband is necessary to extract meaningful information about the moire characteristics from optical absorption measurements and to distinguish between various theoretical proposals for the physically realistic interaction. Also, for bilayer graphene, the ability to compare spectra for the opposite signs of electric-field-induced interlayer asymmetry might provide additional information about the moire parameters.

  • 2. Aboelfotoh, M. O.
    et al.
    Frojdh, C.
    Petersson, C. Sture
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Schottky-barrier behavior of metals on n- and p-type 6H-SiC2003In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 67, no 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Schottky-barrier height of a number of metals (Ti, Ni, Cu, and Au) on n- and p-type Si-terminated 6H-SiC has been measured in the temperature range 150-500 K. It is found that the barrier height to n-type 6H-SiC does not exhibit a temperature dependence, while for p-type 6H-SiC the change in the barrier height with temperature follows very closely the change in the indirect energy gap in 6H-SiC. These results are inconsistent with models of Schottky-barrier formation based on the concept of a charge neutrality level. Furthermore, the present results cannot be reconciled with a defect pinning mechanism, contrary to the conclusions of earlier studies on III-V compound semiconductors. We suggest that chemical bonding at the metal-semiconductor interface plays an important role in determining the Schottky-barrier height.

  • 3. Abrikosov, I. A.
    et al.
    Kissavos, A. E.
    Liot, F.
    Alling, B.
    Simak, S. I.
    Peil, O.
    Ruban, Andrei V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Competition between magnetic structures in the Fe rich fcc FeNi alloys2007In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 76, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the results of a systematic ab initio study of the magnetic structure of Fe rich fcc FeNi binary alloys for Ni concentrations up to 50 at. %. Calculations are carried out within density-functional theory using two complementary techniques, one based on the exact muffin-tin orbital theory within the coherent potential approximation and another one based on the projector augmented-wave method. We observe that the evolution of the magnetic structure of the alloy with increasing Ni concentration is determined by a competition between a large number of magnetic states, collinear as well as noncollinear, all close in energy. We emphasize a series of transitions between these magnetic structures, in particular we have investigated a competition between disordered local moment configurations, spin spiral states, the double layer antiferromagnetic state, and the ferromagnetic phase, as well as the ferrimagnetic phase with a single spin flipped with respect to all others. We show that the latter should be particularly important for the understanding of the magnetic structure of the Invar alloys.

  • 4. Agterberg, Daniel F.
    et al.
    Babaev, Egor
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics. University of Massachusetts, USA.
    Garaud, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics. University of Massachusetts, USA.
    Microscopic prediction of skyrmion lattice state in clean interface superconductors2014In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 90, no 6, p. 064509-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    When an in-plane field is applied to a clean interface superconductor, a Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO)-like phase is stabilized. This phase has a U(1)xU(1) symmetry and, in principle, this symmetry allows for flux carrying topological excitations different from Abrikosov vortices (which are the simplest defects associated with S-1 --> S-1 maps). However, in practice, largely due to electromagnetic and other intercomponent interactions, such topological excitations are very rare in superconducting systems. Here, we demonstrate that a realistic microscopic theory for interface superconductors, such as SrTiO3/LaAlO3, predicts an unconventional magnetic response where the flux-carrying objects are skyrmions, characterized by homotopy invariants of S-2 --> S-2 maps. Additionally, we show that this microscopic theory predicts that stable fractional vortices form near the boundary of these superconductors. It also predicts the appearance of type-1.5 superconductivity for some range of parameters. Central to these results is the assumption that the Rashba spin-orbit coupling is much larger than the superconducting gap.

  • 5. Agterberg, Daniel F.
    et al.
    Garaud, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Condensed Matter Theory.
    Checkerboard order in vortex cores from pair-density-wave superconductivity2015In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 91, no 10, article id 104512Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We consider competing pair-density-wave (PDW) and d-wave superconducting states in a magnetic field. We show that PDW order appears in the cores of d-wave vortices, driving checkerboard charge-density-wave (CDW) order in the vortex cores, which is consistent with experimental observations. Furthermore, we find an additional CDW order that appears on a ring outside the vortex cores. This CDW order varies with a period that is twice that of the checkerboard CDW and it only appears where both PDW and d-wave order coexist. The observation of this additional CDW order would provide strong evidence for PDW order in the pseudogap phase of the cuprates. We further argue that the CDW seen by nuclear magnetic resonance at high fields is due to a PDW state that emerges when a magnetic field is applied.

  • 6. Ahmed, T.
    et al.
    Albers, R. C.
    Balatsky, Alexander V.
    KTH, Centres, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics NORDITA.
    Friedrich, C.
    Zhu, J. -X
    G W quasiparticle calculations with spin-orbit coupling for the light actinides2014In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 89, no 3, p. 035104-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the importance of GW self-energy corrections for the electronic structure of light actinides in the weak-to-intermediate coupling regime. Our study is based on calculations of the band structure and total density of states of Np, U, and Pu using a one-shot GW approximation that includes spin-orbit coupling within a full potential LAPW framework. We also present RPA screened effective Coulomb interactions for the f-electron orbitals for different lattice constants, and show that there is an increased contribution from electron-electron correlation in these systems for expanded lattices. We find a significant amount of electronic correlation in these highly localized electronic systems.

  • 7. Ahola-Tuomi, M.
    et al.
    Punkkinen, Marko Patrick John
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Laukkanen, P.
    Kuzmin, M.
    Lang, J.
    Schulte, K.
    Pietzsch, A.
    Perala, R. E.
    Rasanen, N.
    Vayrynen, I. J.
    Properties of self-assembled Bi nanolines on InAs(100) studied by core-level and valence-band photoemission, and first-principles calculations2011In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 83, no 24, p. 245401-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied self-assembled bismuth (Bi) nanolines on the Bi-terminated InAs(100) surface by core-level and valence-band photoelectron spectroscopy, and ab initio first-principles calculations. A structural model for this intriguing surface is suggested based on the comparison of the measured and calculated core-level shifts. Also, the atomic origins for the core-level shifts are proposed based on the calculations. A clear peak related to this surface was observed in the valence band 0.34 eV below the Fermi level, which can be used as a "fingerprint" of a well-ordered Bi/InAs(100) nanoline surface.

  • 8. Ahuja, R.
    et al.
    Dubrovinsky, L.
    Dubrovinskaia, N.
    Guillen, J. M. O.
    Mattesini, M.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Le Bihan, T.
    Titanium metal at high pressure: Synchrotron experiments and ab initio calculations2004In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 69, no 18Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 9. Airiskallio, E.
    et al.
    Nurmi, E.
    Heinonen, M. H.
    Vayrynen, I. J.
    Kokko, K.
    Ropo, M.
    Punkkinen, M. P. J.
    Pitkanen, H.
    Alatalo, M.
    Kollar, J.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Vitos, Levente
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Third element effect in the surface zone of Fe-Cr-Al alloys2010In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 81, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The third element effect to improve the high temperature corrosion resistance of the low-Al Fe-Cr-Al alloys is suggested to involve a mechanism that boosts the recovering of the Al concentration to the required level in the Al-depleted zone beneath the oxide layer. We propose that the key factor in this mechanism is the coexistent Cr depletion that helps to maintain a sufficient Al content in the depleted zone. Several previous experiments related to our study support that conditions for such a mechanism to be functional prevail in real oxidation processes of Fe-Cr-Al alloys.

  • 10. Airiskallio, E.
    et al.
    Nurmi, E.
    Vayrynen, I. J.
    Kokko, K.
    Ropo, M.
    Punkkinen, Marko P. J.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Vitos, Levente
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Tuning the surface chemistry of Fe-Cr by V doping2009In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 80, no 15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The reversal of the magnitudes of the bulk and surface chemical-potential differences induces the outburst of Cr on the otherwise pure Fe surface of Fe-Cr alloys. This threshold value for the Cr content is about 10 at. %. It is found that vanadium addition to Fe-Cr shifts the Cr threshold to a substantially lower value suggesting V having a positive effect on the corrosion resistance of low Cr steels. The obtained shift in the Cr threshold is shown to be connected to the change in volume of the alloy.

  • 11. Alling, B.
    et al.
    Ruban, Andrei V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Abrikosov, I. A.
    Effect of thermal expansion, electronic excitations, and disorder on the Curie temperature of Ni1-xCuxMnSb alloys2009In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 79, no 13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We demonstrate the importance of thermal effects such as temperature-induced electronic, magnetic and vibrational excitations, as well as structural defects in the first-principles calculations of the magnetic critical temperature of complex alloys using half-Heusler Ni1-xCuxMnSb alloys as a case study. The thermal lattice expansion and one-electron excitations have been accounted for self-consistently in the Curie temperature calculations. In the Ni-rich region, electronic excitations, thermal expansion, and structural defects substantially decrease the calculated Curie temperature. At the same time, some defects are shown to increase T-C in Cu-rich samples.

  • 12. Alling, B.
    et al.
    Ruban, Andrei V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Karimi, A.
    Hultman, L.
    Abrikosov, I. A.
    Unified cluster expansion method applied to the configurational thermodynamics of cubic Ti1-xAlxN2011In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 83, no 10, p. 104203-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the thermodynamics of cubic Ti1-xAlxN using a unified cluster expansion approach for the alloy problem. The purely configurational part of the alloy Hamiltonian is expanded in terms of concentration- and volume-dependent effective cluster interactions. By separate expansions of the chemical fixed lattice, and local lattice relaxation terms of the ordering energies, we demonstrate how the screened generalized perturbation method can be fruitfully combined with a concentration-dependent Connolly-Williams cluster expansion method. Utilizing the obtained Hamiltonian in Monte Carlo simulations we access the free energy of Ti1-xAlxN alloys and construct the isostructural phase diagram. The results show striking similarities with the previously obtained mean-field results: The metastable c-TiAlN is subject to coherent spinodal decomposition over a larger part of the concentration range, e.g., from x >= 0.33 at 2000 K.

  • 13. Alling, B.
    et al.
    Ruban, Andrei V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Karimi, A.
    Peil, O. E.
    Simak, S. I.
    Hultman, L.
    Abrikosov, I. A.
    Mixing and decomposition thermodynamics of c-Ti1-xAlxN from first-principles calculations2007In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 75, no 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We describe an efficient first-principles method that can be used to calculate mixing enthalpies of transition metal nitrides with B1 structure and substitutional disorder at the metal sublattice. The technique is based on the density functional theory. The independent sublattice model is suggested for the treatment of disorder-induced local lattice relaxation effects. It supplements the description of the substitutional disorder within the coherent potential approximation. We demonstrate the excellent accuracy of the method by comparison with calculations performed by means of the projector augumented wave method on supercells constructed as special quasirandom structures. At the same time, the efficiency of the technique allows for total energy calculations on a very fine mesh of concentrations which enables a reliable calculation of the second concentration derivative of the alloy total energy. This is a first step towards first-principles predictions of concentrations and temperature intervals where the alloy decomposition proceeds via the spinodal mechanism. We thus calculate electronic structure, lattice parameter, and mixing enthalpies of the quasibinary alloy c-Ti1-xAlxN. The lattice parameter follows Vegard's law at low fractions of AlN but deviates increasingly with increasing Al content. We show that the asymmetry of the mixing enthalpy and its second concentration derivative is associated with substantial variations of the electronic structure with alloy composition. The phase diagram is constructed within the mean-field approximation.

  • 14.
    Al-Zoubi, Noura
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Punkkinen, Marko Patrick John
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Vitos, Levente
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Completeness of the exact muffin-tin orbitals: application to hydrogenated alloys2010In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 81, no 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate the basis set convergence of the exact muffin-tin orbitals by monitoring the equation of state for Al, Cu, and Rh calculated in the conventional face-centered-cubic lattice (str-I) and in a face-centered-cubic lattice with one atomic and three empty sites per primitive cell (str-II). We demonstrate that three (spd) muffin-tin orbitals are sufficient to describe Al in both structures, but for str-II Cu and Rh at least five (spdfg) orbitals are needed to get converged equilibrium Wigner-Seitz radius (within <= 0.8%) and bulk modulus (<= 3.3%). We ascribe this slow convergence to the nearly spherical densities localized around the Cu and Rh atoms, which create strongly asymmetric charge distributions within the nearest cells around the empty sites. The potential sphere radius dependence of the theoretical results for structure str-II is discussed. It is shown that a properly optimized overlapping muffin-tin potential in combination with the spdfg basis yields acceptable errors in the equilibrium bulk properties. The basis set convergence is also shown on hydrogenated Sc and Sc-based alloys.

  • 15.
    Al-Zoubi, Noura
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Skorodumova, Natalia V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Medvedeva, A.
    Andersson, J.
    Nilson, G.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Vitos, Levente
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Tetragonality of carbon-doped ferromagnetic iron alloys: A first-principles study2012In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 85, no 1, p. 014112-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using density-functional theory in combination with the exact muffin-tin orbital (EMTO) method and coherent potential approximation, we investigate the alloying effect on the tetragonality of Fe-C solid solution forming the basis of steels. In order to assess the accuracy of our approach, first we perform a detailed study of the performance of the EMTO method for the Fe(16)C(1) binary system by comparing the EMTO results to those obtained using the projector augmented wave method. In the second step, we introduce different substitutional alloying elements (Al, Cr, Co, Ni) into the Fe matrix and study their impact on the structural parameters. We demonstrate that a small amount of Al, Co, and Ni enhances the tetragonal lattice ratio of Fe(16)C(1) whereas Cr leaves the ratio almost unchanged. The obtained trends are correlated with the single-crystal elastic parameters calculated for carbon-free alloys.

  • 16.
    Andersson, Andreas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Lidmar, Jack
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Anomalous Nernst effect and heat transport by vortex vacancies in granular superconductors2010In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 81, no 6, p. 060508-1-060508-4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the Nernst effect due to vortex motion in two-dimensional granular superconductors using simulations with Langevin or resistively shunted Josephson-junction dynamics. In particular, we show that the geometric frustration of both regular and irregular granular materials can lead to thermally driven transport of vortices from colder to hotter regions, resulting in a sign reversal of the Nernst signal. We discuss the underlying mechanisms of this anomalous behavior in terms of heat transport by mobile vacancies in an otherwise pinned vortex lattice.

  • 17.
    Andersson, Andreas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Lidmar, Jack
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Influence of vortices and phase fluctuations on thermoelectric transport properties of superconductors in a magnetic field2011In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 83, no 17, p. 174502-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study heat transport and thermoelectric effects in two-dimensional superconductors in a magnetic field. These are modeled as granular Josephson-junction arrays, forming either regular or random lattices. We employ two different models for the dynamics: relaxational model-A dynamics or resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson junction dynamics. We derive expressions for the heat current in these models, which are then used in numerical simulations to calculate the heat conductivity and Nernst coefficient for different temperatures and magnetic fields. At low temperatures and zero magnetic field the heat conductivity in the RCSJ model is calculated analytically from a spin wave approximation, and is seen to have an anomalous logarithmic dependence on the system size, and also to diverge in the completely overdamped limit C -> 0. From our simulations we find at low magnetic fields that the Nernst signal displays a characteristic "tilted hill" profile similar to experiments and a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the heat conductivity. We also investigate the effects of granularity and randomness, which become important for higher magnetic fields. In this regime geometric frustration strongly influences the results in both regular and random systems and leads to highly nontrivial magnetic field dependencies of the studied transport coefficients.

  • 18.
    Andersson, Andreas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics.
    Lidmar, Jack
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics.
    Modeling and simulations of quantum phase slips in ultrathin superconducting wires2015In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 91, no 13, article id 134504Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study quantum phase slips (QPS) in ultrathin superconducting wires. Starting from an effective one-dimensional microscopic model, which includes electromagnetic fluctuations, we map the problem to a (1+1)-dimensional gas of interacting instantons. We introduce a method to calculate the tunneling amplitude of quantum phase slips directly from Monte Carlo simulations. This allows us to go beyond the dilute instanton gas approximation and study the problem without any limitations of the density of QPS. We find that the tunneling amplitude shows a characteristic scaling behavior near the superconductor-insulator transition. We also calculate the voltage-charge relation of the insulating state, which is the dual of the Josephson current-phase relation in ordinary superconducting weak links. This evolves from a sinusoidal form in the regime of dilute QPS to more exotic shapes for higher QPS densities, where interactions are important.

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  • 19.
    Andersson, Andreas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Lidmar, Jack
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Scaling, finite size effects, and crossovers of the resistivity and current-voltage characteristics in two-dimensional superconductors2013In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 87, no 22, p. 224506-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We revisit the scaling properties of the resistivity and the current-voltage characteristics at and below the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, both in zero and nonzero magnetic fields. The scaling properties are derived by integrating the renormalization group flow equations up to a scale where they can be reliably matched to simple analytic expressions. The vortex fugacity turns out to be dangerously irrelevant for these quantities below T-c, thereby altering the scaling behavior. We derive the possible crossover effects as the current, magnetic field, or system size is varied, and find a strong multiplicative logarithmic correction near T-c, all of which is necessary to account for when interpreting experiments and simulation data. Our analysis clarifies a longstanding discrepancy between the finite size dependence found in many simulations and the current-voltage characteristics of experiments. We further show that the logarithmic correction can be avoided by approaching the transition in a magnetic field, thereby simplifying the scaling analysis. We confirm our results by large-scale numerical simulations, and calculate the dynamic critical exponent z, for relaxational Langevin dynamics and for resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson junction dynamics.

  • 20. Andersson, C B M
    et al.
    Karlsson, Ulf O
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
    Hakansson, M C
    Olsson, L O
    Ilver, L
    Nilsson, P O
    Kanski, J
    Persson, P E S
    Electronic structure of InAs((1)over-bar-(1)over-bar-(1)over-bar)2x2 and InSb((1)over-bar-(1)over-bar-(1)over-bar)2x2 studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy1996In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 54, no 3, p. 1833-1840Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The electronic structure of molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown InAs((111) over bar)2x2 and InSb((111) over bar)2x2 surfaces is investigated by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Valence band spectra, and dispersions of five surface-related structures, are presented. The qualitative similarities of data from the two surfaces indicate that they are very similar, with respect to atomic and electronic structure. Comparisons with other (111) surfaces support the identification of the surface-related structures.

  • 21.
    Andersson, David A.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Korzhavyi, Pavel A.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Thermodynamics of structural vacancies in titanium monoxide from first principles calculations2005In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 71, no 14, p. 144101-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The structure, stability and electronic properties of the low oxygen oxides of titanium, TiOx with 1/3 <= x <= 3/2, have been studied by means of accurate first-principles calculations. In both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric TiO there are large fractions of vacant lattice sites. These so-called structural vacancies are essential for understanding the properties and phase stability of titanium oxides. Structures with an ordered arrangement of vacancies were treated with a plane wave pseudo-potential method, while calculations for structures with disordered vacancies were performed within the framework of the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's function technique. The relaxed structural parameters in general compare well with experimental data, though some discrepancies exist for stoichiometric TiO in the ideal B1 structure, i.e., without any vacancies. The equation of state as well as the elastic properties are also derived. A monoclinic, vacancy-containing, structure of stoichiometric TiO is confirmed to be stable at low temperature and pressure. Experimentally a transition from a stoichiometric cubic structure with disordered vacancies to the ideal B1 structure without any vacancies has been observed at high pressure. It is discussed how this experimental observation relates to the present theoretical results for defect-containing and defect-free TiO.

  • 22.
    Andersson, David A.
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Simak, S. I.
    Monovacancy and divacancy formation and migration in copper: a first-principles theory2004In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 70, no 11, p. 115108-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The formation and migration of monovacancies and divacancies in copper have been studied from first-principles in order to resolve the discrepancies between previously published experimental and theoretical data. The monovacancy and divacancy formation, migration and binding enthalpies as well as the formation volumes have been calculated in the framework of a plane-wave pseudopotential implementation of the density functional theory, with full structural relaxations included. The monovacancy and divacancy formation entropies have been estimated from experimental data by performing a least-squares analysis. We show that the complete set of first-principles data, taking into account the presence of both vacancies and divacancies as well as the temperature dependence of the formation enthalpies and entropies allow one to reproduce the Arrhenius plot of the total vacancy concentration and the diffusion coefficient, both in good agreement with the most accurate experiments.

  • 23. Andersson, K.
    et al.
    Haviland, David B.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Escape from a zero-current state in a one-dimensional array of Josephson junctions2003In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 67, no 9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A long one-dimensional array of small Josephson junctions exhibits Coulomb blockade of Cooper pair tunneling. This zero-current state exists up to a switching voltage, V-sw, where there is a sudden onset of current. In this paper we present histograms showing how V-sw changes with temperature for a long array and calculations of the corresponding escape rates. Our analysis of the problem is based on the existence of a voltage-dependent energy barrier and we do not make any assumptions about its shape. The data divide into two temperature regimes, the higher of which can be explained with the Kramers thermal escape model. At low temperatures the escape becomes independent of temperature.

  • 24.
    Andersson, Magnus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Comment on “Superconducting state of Ca-VII below a critical temperature of 29 K at a pressure of 216 GPa”2011In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 84, no 21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a recent paper, Sakata et al. [ Phys. Rev. B 83 220512 (2011)] report on superconductivity at 29 K in Ca under high pressure. Here, I argue that their method to define the onset of the superconducting transition temperature from resistivity measurements is misleading and that the correct value for the onset of the transition based on resistivity data shown in their paper should be 21 K. The discrepancy between these two temperatures is explained by superconducting fluctuations occurring at temperatures above the superconducting transition temperature.

  • 25.
    Andersson, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    de Boissieu, M.
    Bruehne, S.
    Drescher, C.
    Assmus, W.
    Ohahshi, S.
    Tsai, A. P.
    Mihalkovic, M.
    Krajci, M.
    Rapp, Östen
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Electronic and structural properties of Laves-phase MgZn(2) of varying chemical disorder2010In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 82, no 2, p. 024202-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The C14 Laves-phase MgZn(2) has been investigated from 30 to 36 at. % Mg. In this way chemical disorder can be monitored over a limited concentration range and the influence on electron properties can be investigated. Our studies include thermodynamic calculations of atomic configurations of Mg and Zn at off-stoichiometric compositions, electronic-transport measurements, and electronic band-structure calculations of MgZn(2). The disorder introduced by alloying was found to be substitutional for all C14 alloys, and to have a markedly stronger effect on resistivity and magnetoresistance, Delta rho(B)/rho(0), on the Mg-rich side due to strain introduced when Mg substitutes for Zn. rho(T) and Hall constant were characteristic for weakly disordered binary alloys. Delta rho/rho of MgZn(2) was large, reached 6 at 4.2 K and 8 T, and decreased strongly at off-stoichiometric compositions. The results are discussed in view of the band-structure results and in terms of relations between atomic order and electronic properties. Several properties were found to resemble pure Zn. An empirical correlation over more than six orders of magnitude in Delta rho/rho was found for Zn and Zn-based alloys.

  • 26.
    Andersson, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Feuerbacher, M.
    Rapp, Östen
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Magnetoresistance and Hall effect of the complex metal alloy Mg2Al32008In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 78, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Unusual electronic transport properties have been found in the rhombohedral beta'-phase of the complex metallic alloy Mg2Al3. The magnetoresistance (MR) is 2 orders of magnitude larger than in the related cubic beta-Mg2Al3-phase and Kohler's rule is strongly violated in the beta'-phase at higher temperatures. Above about 100 K the Hall coefficient R-H of the beta- and beta'-phases are similar and free-electron-like, while in the beta'-phase, R-H changes sign with decreasing temperature at low fields. We have inquired into the sources of these transport anomalies, but have not been able to clearly identify the grounds. Several conventional mechanisms for a large magnetoresistance are discussed, and found not to be applicable. The different properties in the beta- and the beta'-phases are puzzling since the magnitudes of the electrical resistivities are similar and omega(c)tau (cyclotron frequencyxscattering time) is equally small in both phases. The similar temperature range in which anomalies occur in the beta'-phase in the resistivity, the Hall effect, and the magnetoresistance indicates an electronic transition or a change of the electron structure in this phase below about 100 K.

  • 27.
    Andersson, Magnus
    et al.
    Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
    Fivat, Patrice
    Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
    Fabrega, Lourdes
    Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
    Obara, Haruhiko
    Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
    Decroux, Michel
    Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
    Triscone, Jean-Marc
    Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
    Fischer, Oystein
    Dept. de la Matière Condensée, University of Geneva, Geneva.
    Vortex solid-to-liquid transition in DyBa2Cu3O7-delta/(Y0.45Pr0.55)Ba2Cu3O7-delta multilayers1996In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 54, no 1, p. 675-681Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a coupled multilayer system consisting of thin (24 Angstrom) superconducting layers of DyBa2Cu3O7-delta each separated by 96 Angstrom of (Y0.45Pr0.55)Ba2Cu3O7-delta have been studied in the mixed state. Analyses of vortex glass scaling and signs of the clean system melting transition in the dynamics of our multilayers both suggest that the vortex system is close to three-dimensional for magnetic fields up to several T. Therefore, the theoretically predicted crossover when in-plane vortex correlations become more important than out-of-plane vortex correlations (occurring at a few tenths of a T in our multilayers) does not correspond to a complete decoupling of the superconducting layers in these materials.

  • 28.
    Andersson, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Rydh, Andreas
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Rapp, Östen
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Scaling of the vortex-liquid resistivity in optimally doped and oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals2001In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 63, no 18, p. 1845111-1845119Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The consequences of a recently proposed model [A. Rydh. O. Rapp. and M. Andersson. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83. 1850 (1999)] for the vortex-liquid resistivity close to a vortex liquid-to-glass transition are anal-zed in detail. We find a detailed quantitative agreement between the model and resistivity measurements on disordered, optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals. For temperatures below the superconducting transition temperature. a scaling of all measured resistivity curves in magnetic field (0<B12 T) is obtained. Possible ways of slightly modifying the model in order to fully describe resistivity measurements on more anisotropic underdoped oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7-delta single crystals are suggested. The physical interpretation of the model and its connection to other models of the vortex-liquid resistivity are discussed. in particular, we find close connections to vortex glass models and to a generalized Coulomb gas model.

  • 29. Arapan, S. C.
    et al.
    Korepov, S. V.
    Liberman, M. A.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Conductance of a disordered double quantum wire in a magnetic field: Boundary roughness scattering2003In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 67, no 11Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 30. Arapan, Sergiu
    et al.
    Ahuja, Rajeev
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    High-pressure phase transformations in carbonates2010In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 82, no 18, p. 184115-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    High-pressure phase transitions sequences in CaCO3, SrCO3, and BaCO3 are studied by first-principle electronic structure calculations. Each of the carbonates undergoes the aragonite to postaragonite phase transition with pressure in agreement with the experimental observation of Ono et al. However, the postaragonite to post-postaragonite phase transition, predicted by Oganov et al. and later observed in CaCO3, is unlikely to occur in SrCO3 and BaCO3. Hence, the concept that isostructural compounds will exhibit the same type of pressure-induced phase transitions has limitations. A change of the hybridization of the carbon atom from sp(2) to sp(3) within the Pmcn phase occurs in each of compounds, thus the carbonates are likely to transform at very high pressure to structures with tetrahedral CO4-4 carbonate group.

  • 31. Arapan, Sergiu
    et al.
    Simak, Sergei I.
    Skorodumova, Natalia V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Multiscale Materials Modelling. Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Volume-dependent electron localization in ceria2015In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 91, no 12, article id 125108Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have performed a numerical study of the process of electron localization in reduced ceria. Our results show that different localized charge distributions can be attained in a bulk system by varying the lattice parameter. We demonstrate that the effect of electron localization is mainly determined by lattice relaxation and an accurate account for the effects of electronic correlation is necessary to achieve localized charge distribution.

  • 32. Araujo, C. M.
    et al.
    Blomqvist, A.
    Scheicher, R. H.
    Chen, P.
    Ahuja, Rajeev
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Superionicity in the hydrogen storage material Li2NH: Molecular dynamics simulations2009In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 79, no 17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have employed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in an attempt to study a temperature-induced order-disorder structural phase transformation that occurs in Li2NH at about 385 K. A structural phase transition was observed by us in the temperature range 300-400 K, in good agreement with experiment. This transition is associated with a melting of the cation sublattice (Li+), giving rise to a superionic phase, which in turn is accompanied by an order-disorder transition of the N-H bond orientation. The results obtained here can contribute to a better understanding of the hydrogen storage reactions involving Li2NH and furthermore broaden its possible technological applications toward batteries and fuel cells.

  • 33.
    Armiento, Rickard
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Matsson, A. E.
    Interface Sci. Department MS 1415, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque.
    Subsystem functionals: investigating the exchange energy per particle2002In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 66, no 16, p. 1651171-16511717Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A viable way of extending the successful use of density-functional theory into studies of even more complex systems than are addressed today has been suggested by Kohn and Mattsson [W. Kohn and A. E. Mattsson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3487 (1998); A. E. Mattsson and W. Kohn, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 3441 (2001)], and is further developed in this work. The scheme consists of dividing a system into subsystems and applying different approximations for the unknown (but general) exchange-correlation energy functional to the different subsystems. We discuss a basic requirement on approximative functionals used in this scheme; they must all adhere to a single explicit choice of the exchange-correlation energy per particle. From a numerical study of a model system with a cosine effective potential, the Mathieu gas, and one of its limiting cases, the harmonic oscillator model, we show that the conventional definition of the exchange energy per particle cannot be described by an analytical series expansion in the limit of slowly varying densities. This indicates that the conventional definition is not suitable in the context of subsystem functionals. We suggest alternative definitions and approaches to subsystem functionals for slowly varying densities and discuss the implications of our findings on the future of functional development.

  • 34.
    Armiento, Rickard
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Mattsson, A. E.
    Compl. Mat. and Molecular Biology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque.
    Alternative separation of exchange and correlation in density-functional theory2003In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 68, no 24, p. 2451201-2451205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It has recently been shown that local values of the conventional exchange energy per particle cannot be described by an analytic expansion in the density variation. Yet, it is known that the total exchange-correlation (XC) energy per particle does not show any corresponding nonanalyticity. Indeed, the nonanalyticity is here shown to be an effect of the separation into conventional exchange and correlation. We construct an alternative separation in which the exchange part is made well behaved by screening its long-ranged contributions, and the correlation part is adjusted accordingly. This alternative separation is as valid as the conventional one, and introduces no new approximations to the total XC energy. We demonstrate functional development based on this approach by creating and deploying a local-density-approximation-type XC functional. Hence, this work includes both the theory and the practical calculations needed to provide a starting point for an alternative approach towards improved approximations of the total XC energy.

  • 35.
    Armiento, Rickard
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Mattsson, A. E.
    Computational Materials and Molecular Biology MS 1110, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque.
    Functional designed to include surface effects in self-consistent density functional theory2005In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 72, no 8, p. 085108-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We design a density-functional-theory (DFT) exchange-correlation functional that enables an accurate treatment of systems with electronic surfaces. Surface-specific approximations for both exchange and correlation energies are developed. A subsystem functional approach is then used: an interpolation index combines the surface functional with a functional for interior regions. When the local density approximation is used in the interior, the result is a straightforward functional for use in self-consistent DFT. The functional is validated for two metals (Al, Pt) and one semiconductor (Si) by calculations of (i) established bulk properties (lattice constants and bulk moduli) and (ii) a property where surface effects exist (the vacancy formation energy). Good and coherent results indicate that this functional may serve well as a universal first choice for solid-state systems and that yet improved functionals can be constructed by this approach.

  • 36. Asker, C.
    et al.
    Belonoshko, Anatoly B.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Condensed Matter Theory.
    Mikhaylushkin, A. S.
    Abrikosov, I. A.
    First-principles solution to the problem of Mo lattice stability2008In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 77, no 22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The energy differences between the ground state body-centered structure and closed-packed face-centered structure for transition metals in the middle of the series show unusually large disagreements when they are obtained by the thermochemical approach based on the analysis of experimental data or by first-principles electronic structure calculations. Considering a typical example, the lattice stability of Mo, we present a solution to this long-standing problem. We carry out ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for the two phases at high temperature and show that the configurational energy difference approaches the value derived by means of the thermochemical approach. The main contribution to the effect comes from the modification of the canonical band structure due to anharmonic thermal motion at high temperature.

  • 37. Asker, C.
    et al.
    Vitos, Levente
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Abrikosov, I. A.
    Elastic constants and anisotropy in FeNi alloys at high pressures from first-principles calculations2009In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 79, no 21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The single-crystal and polycrystalline elastic constants and the elastic anisotropy in face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed FeNi alloys have been investigated at ultrahigh pressures by means of first-principles calculations using the exact muffin-tin orbitals method and the coherent-potential approximation. Comparisons with earlier calculations for pure Fe and experimental results are presented and discussed. We show that Ni alloying into Fe increases slightly the density and has very little effect on bulk moduli. Moreover, the relative decrease in c(44) elastic constant is much stronger in the hcp phase than in the fcc one. It is found that the elastic anisotropy is higher for face-centered cubic than for the hexagonal close-packed structure of FeNi, even though the face-centered cubic phase has a higher degree of symmetry. The anisotropy in face-centered cubic structure decreases with increasing nickel concentration while a very weak increase is observed for the hexagonal close-packed structure.

  • 38. Azarov, A. Yu.
    et al.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Du, X. L.
    Liu, Z. L.
    Svensson, B. G.
    Kuznetsov, A. Yu.
    Thermally induced surface instability in ion-implanted Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O films2011In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 84, no 1, p. 014114-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]
    Thermal stability of originally single crystalline wurtzite Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O (x <= 0.3) films implanted at room temperature with (166)Er ions is studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, and atomic force microscopy. The MgZnO films exhibit a complex behavior during postimplantation annealing associated with compositional changes and surface erosion in addition to Er accumulation at the surface. The importance of these processes depends on the Mg content, annealing temperature, and amount of implantation damage. Specifically, increases in the Mg content as well as the implantation damage enhance the compositional changes in the near-surface region and give rise to altered stoichiometry and Mg-enriched phase separation. In its turn, the rate of surface erosion in MgZnO under the thermal treatment depends on temperature, MgZnO composition, and the amount of implantation damage nontrivially, which is attributed to the compositional changes in the near-surface region assisted by the implantation damage.
  • 39.
    Babaev, Egor
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Non-Meissner electrodynamics and knotted solitons in two-component superconductors2009In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 79, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    I consider electrodynamics and the problem of knotted solitons in two-component superconductors. Possible existence of knotted solitons in multicomponent superconductors was predicted several years ago. However, their basic properties and stability in these systems remain an outstandingly difficult question both for analytical and numerical treatment. Here I propose a special perturbative approach to treat self-consistently all the degrees of freedom in the problem. I show that there exists a length scale for a Hopfion texture where the electrodynamics of a two-component superconductor is dominated by a self-induced Faddeev term, which is in stark contrast to the Meissner electrodynamics of single-component systems. I also show that at certain short length scales knotted solitons in the two-component Ginzburg-Landau model are not described by a Faddeev-Skyrme-type model and are unstable. However, these solitons can be stable at some intermediate length scales. I argue that configurations with high topological charge may be more stable in these systems than low-charge configurations. In the second part of the paper I discuss qualitatively different physics of the stability of knotted solitons in a more general Ginzburg-Landau model and point out the physically relevant terms which enhance or suppress the stability of knotted solitons. With this argument it is demonstrated that Ginzburg-Landau models possess stable knotted solitons.

  • 40. Babaev, Egor
    Vortex matter, effective magnetic charges, and generalizations of the dipolar superfluidity concept in layered systems2008In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 77, no 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the first part of this paper, we discuss electrodynamics of an excitonic condensate in a bilayer. We show that under certain conditions, the system has a dominant energy scale and is described by the effective electrodynamics with "planar magnetic charges." In the second part of the paper, we point out that a vortex liquid state in bilayer superconductors also possesses dipolar superfluid modes and establish equivalence mapping between this state and a dipolar excitonic condensate. We point out that a vortex liquid state in a N-layer superconductor possesses multiple topologically coupled dipolar superfluid modes and therefore represents a generalization of the dipolar superfluidity concept.

  • 41. Babaev, Egor
    et al.
    Faddeev, L. D.
    Niemi, A. J.
    Hidden symmetry and knot solitons in a charged two-condensate Bose system2002In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 65, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We show that a charged two-condensate Ginzburg-Landau model or equivalently a Gross-Pitaevskii functional for two charged Bose condensates, can be mapped onto a version of the nonlinear O(3) sigma model. This implies in particular that such a system possesses a hidden O(3) symmetry and allows for the formation of stable knotted solitons.

  • 42.
    Babaev, Egor
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Silaev, Mihail
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics.
    Comment on "Ginzburg-Landau theory of two-band superconductors: Absence of type-1.5 superconductivity"2012In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 86, no 1, p. 016501-Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The recent paper by V. G. Kogan and J. Schmalian [Phys. Rev. B 83, 054515 (2011)] argues that the widely used two-component Ginzburg-Landau (GL) models are not correct, and further concludes that in the regime which is described by a GL theory there could be no disparity in the coherence lengths of two superconducting components. This would in particular imply that [in contrast to U(1) x U(1) superconductors] there could be no "type-1.5" superconducting regime in U(1) multiband systems for any finite interband coupling strength. We point out that these claims are incorrect and based on an erroneous scheme of reduction of a two-component GL theory.

  • 43. Babaev, Egor
    et al.
    Speight, M.
    Semi-Meissner state and neither type-I nor type-II superconductivity in multicomponent superconductors2005In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 72, no 18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Traditionally, superconductors are categorized as type I or type II. Type-I superconductors support only Meissner and normal states, while type-II superconductors form magnetic vortices in sufficiently strong applied magnetic fields. Recently there has been much interest in superconducting systems with several species of condensates, in fields ranging from condensed matter to high energy physics. Here we show that the classification into types I and II is insufficient for such multicomponent superconductors. We obtain solutions representing thermodynamically stable vortices with properties falling outside the usual type-I/type-II dichotomy, in that they have the following features: (i) Pippard electrodynamics, (ii) interaction potential with long-range attractive and short-range repulsive parts, (iii) for an n-quantum vortex, a nonmonotonic ratio E(n)/n where E(n) is the energy per unit length, (iv) energetic preference for nonaxisymmetric vortex states, vortex molecules. Consequently, these superconductors exhibit an emerging first order transition into a semi-Meissner state, an inhomogeneous state comprising a mixture of domains of two-component Meissner state and vortex clusters.

  • 44.
    Babaev, Egor
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Statistical Physics.
    Svistunov, Boris
    Rotational response of superconductors: Magnetorotational isomorphism and rotation-induced vortex lattice2014In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 89, no 10, p. 104501-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The analysis of nonclassical rotational response of superfluids and superconductors was performed by Onsager [Onsager, Nuovo Cimento, Suppl. 6, 279 (1949)] and London [Superfluids (Wiley, NewYork, 1950)] and crucially advanced by Feynman [Prog. Low Temp. Phys. 1, 17 (1955)]. It was established that, in the thermodynamic limit, neutral superfluids rotate by forming-without any threshold-a vortex lattice. In contrast, the rotation of superconductors at angular frequency Omega-supported by uniform magnetic field B-L proportional to Omega due to surface currents-is of the rigid-body type (London law). Here we show that, neglecting the centrifugal effects, the behavior of a rotating superconductor is identical to that of a superconductor placed in a uniform fictitious external magnetic field (H) over tilde = -B-L. In particular, the isomorphism immediately implies the existence of two critical rotational frequencies in type-2 superconductors.

  • 45. Balatsky, A. V.
    et al.
    Fransson, Jonas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Mozyrsky, D.
    Manassen, Y.
    STM NMR and nuclear spin noise2006In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 73, no 18, p. 184429-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fluctuations of an electronic spin can be revealed in the tunneling current fluctuations of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We consider fluctuations of the electronic spin due to coupling to nuclear spin. We argue that the noise spectroscopy of electronic spin can reveal the nuclear spin dynamics due to hyperfine coupling. We find that the STM tunneling current power spectrum develops hyperfine split satellites of the main lines at Larmor frequency and at zero frequency. We also address the role of the rf field that is at or near the resonance with the nuclear hyperfine field. This approach is similar to electron nuclear double resonance in that is allows one to detect nuclear spin dynamics indirectly through its effect on electronic spin.

  • 46.
    Balkashin, O. P.
    et al.
    B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
    Fisun, V. V.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Nanostructure Physics.
    Yanson, I. K.
    B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
    Triputen, L. Yu.
    B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
    Konovalenko, Alexander
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Nanostructure Physics.
    Korenivski, Vladislav
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Nanostructure Physics.
    Spin dynamics in point contacts to single ferromagnetic films2009In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 79, no 9, p. 092419-1-092419-4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Excitation of magnons or spin waves driven by nominally unpolarized transport currents in point contacts of normal and ferromagnetic metals is probed by irradiating the contacts with microwaves. Two characteristic dynamic effects are observed: a suppression of spin-wave nonlinearities in the point contact conductance by off-resonance microwave irradiation and a resonant stimulation of spin-wave peaks in the differential resistance of the nanocontacts by the microwave field. These observations provide direct evidence that the magnetoresistance peaks observed are due to gigahertz spin dynamics at the ferromagnetic interface driven by the spin transfer torque effect of the transport current.

  • 47. Bassan, A.
    et al.
    Nyberg, M.
    Luo, Yi
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Biotechnology.
    Identifying isomers of C-78 by means of x-ray spectroscopy2002In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 65, no 16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectra of C-78 isomers have been generated using density functional theory with inclusion of the full core-hole potentials. Strong isomer dependence has been found in absorption, but not in the photoelectron spectra. C-78 isomers can be thought to be formed by inserting 18 carbon atoms into an opened C-60. We have shown how the different local arrangements of these 18 carbon atoms are responsible for the significant isomer dependence observed. Our calculated spectra are in excellent agreement with the experimental counterparts.

  • 48. Basylko, S. A.
    et al.
    Lundow, Per Håkan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Condensed Matter Theory.
    Rosengren, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Condensed Matter Theory.
    One-dimensional Kondo lattice model studied through numerical diagonalization2008In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 77, no 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The one-dimensional Kondo lattice model is studied by means of the numerical diagonalization method. By using massively parallel computations, we were able to study lattices large enough to obtain convergent results for electron densities n <= 2/3. For such densities, an additional ferromagnetic region is found inside the paramagnetic phase. Also, a region is found where the localized spins participate in the low-energy dynamics together with the conduction electrons, thus resulting in a large Fermi surface. These results are an independent confirmation of previous density matrix renormalization group results.

  • 49.
    Basylko, S. A.
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Onischouk, V. A.
    Rosengren, Anders
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    ac conductivity of a Coulomb glass from computer simulations2004In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 70, no 2, p. 024201-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A method for calculating the photon-induced hopping ac conductivity of a Coulomb glass by computer simulation is proposed. Results obtained by using an effective relaxation algorithm for two three-dimensional models of a Coulomb glass are reported. ac conductance data clearly demonstrate the transition from super-linear to a sub-quadratic power law. We argue that the same qualitative behavior should be expected for compensated semiconductors. It is shown that the transition is driven by the Coulomb energy of sites forming resonant pairs and not by the width of the Coulomb gap.

  • 50. Basylko, S. A.
    et al.
    Onischouk, V. A.
    Rosengren, Anders
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Coulomb glass in the random phase approximation2002In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 65, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A three-dimensional model of the electrons localized on randomly distributed donor sites of density n and with the acceptor charge uniformly smeared on these sites, -Ke on each, is considered in the random phase approximation (RPA). For the case K = 1/2 the free energy, the density of the one-site energies (DOSE) epsilon, and the pair OSE correlators are found. In the high-temperature region (e(2) n(1/3)/T) < 1 (T is the temperature) RPA energies and DOSE are in a good agreement with the corresponding data of Monte Carlo simulations. Thermodynamics of the model in this region is similar to the one of an electrolyte in the regime of Debye screening. In the vicinity of the Fermi level μ = 0 the OSE correlations, depending on sgn(ε(1) . ε(2)) and with very slow decoupling law, have been found. The main result is that even in the temperature range where the energy of a Coulomb glass is determined by Debye screening effects, the correlations of the long-range nature between the OSE still exist.

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