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  • 1.
    Beltramo, Agnese
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Energiteknik.
    Ramos, Eunice
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Energiteknik.
    Taliotis, Constantinos
    Howells, Mark I.
    Usher, William
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Energiteknik, Energisystem.
    The Global Least-cost User-friendly CLEWs Open-Source Exploratory model2021Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 143, artikkel-id 105091Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are important tools to analyse cross-sectoral interdependencies and the use of global resources. Most current tools are highly detailed and require expert knowledge and proprietary software to generate scenarios and analyse their insights. In this paper, the complementary Global Least-cost User-friendly CLEWs Open-Source Exploratory (GLUCOSE) model is presented as a highly-aggregated global IAM, open and accessible from source to solver and using the OSeMOSYS tool and the CLEWs framework. The model enables the exploration of policy measures on the future development of the integrated resource system. Thanks to its relatively simple structure, it requires low computational resources allowing for the generation of a large number of scenarios or to quickly conduct preliminary investigations. GLUCOSE is targeted towards education and training purposes by a range of interested parties, from students to stakeholders and decision-makers, to explore possible future pathways towards the sustainable management of global resources.

  • 2.
    Börjesson Rivera, Miriam
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Håkansson, Cecilia
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Svenfelt, Åsa
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Finnveden, Göran
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Including second order effects in environmental assessments of ICT2014Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 56, s. 105-115Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can have both negative and positive impacts on the environment. Immediate negative environmental impacts arise due to the production, use and disposal of ICT products, while positive effects can arise because ICT products and services replace other products. Other, more indirect consequences of introducing new technologies include e.g. that money saved by reducing costs due to ICT-induced energy efficiency, is being used in consumption of other goods and services that also need energy in their production. Such effects are examined within different disciplines under headings such as rebound effects, indirect effects, second order effects and ripple effects. This paper presents a review and discussion of different second order effects that can be linked to ICT usage in general, using e-commerce as an example. This is a first necessary step in developing methods which include second order effects when analysing the environmental impacts of ICT.

  • 3. Carlsen, H.
    et al.
    Lempert, R.
    Wikman-Svahn, Per
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Filosofi och historia, Filosofi.
    Schweizer, V.
    Choosing small sets of policy-relevant scenarios by combining vulnerability and diversity approaches2016Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 84, s. 155-164Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Computer simulation models can generate large numbers of scenarios, far more than can be effectively utilized in most decision support applications. How can one best select a small number of scenarios to consider? One approach calls for choosing scenarios that illuminate vulnerabilities of proposed policies. Another calls for choosing scenarios that span a diverse range of futures. This paper joins these two approaches for the first time, proposing an optimization-based method for choosing a small number of relevant scenarios that combine both vulnerability and diversity. The paper applies the method to a real case involving climate resilient infrastructure for three African river basins (Volta, Orange and Zambezi). Introducing selection criteria in a stepwise manner helps examine how different criteria influence the choice of scenarios. The results suggest that combining vulnerability- and diversity-based criteria can provide a systematic and transparent method for scenario selection.

  • 4.
    Frostell, Björn M.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Industriell ekologi.
    Sinha, Rajib
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Industriell ekologi.
    Assefa, Getachew
    Olsson, Lars E.
    Modeling both direct and indirect environmental load of purchase decisions: a web-based tool addressing household metabolism2015Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 71, s. 138-147Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Consumer awareness is continuously increasing towards pro-environmental behavior. Thus, we developed a web-based environmental feedback tool EcoRunner, which is designed for Swedish households aiming at increasing the awareness in a more pro-environmental direction. The conceptual model of EcoRunner has been developed based on top-down and bottom-up approaches connecting economic activities within a household to environmental pressures (both direct and indirect). In addition, the development of the tool includes a multi-level model aiming at better tailor-made advice to consumers. In this paper, we examine the EcoRunner tool with average single Swedish household expenditures as well as explore options for reductions and systems effects. Analysis shows that food and non-alcoholic beverages, fuel for personal transport (e.g. car) and air transports have significant environmental pressures. In addition, this study suggests that EcoRunner could be used in education systems as an environmental feedback tool to enlighten consumers motivation and change consumption patterns.

  • 5.
    Hilty, Lorenz M.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Aebischer, Bernard
    Rizzoli, Andrea E.
    Modeling and evaluating the sustainability of smart solutions2014Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 56, s. 1-5Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Smart technologies provide diverse and promising opportunities to reduce energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions; they are increasingly expected to shift modern societies' patterns of production and consumption towards sustainability. However, the existence of a theoretical potential does not imply that every smart solution (application of a smart technology) will contribute to sustainability. Policy-makers are therefore in need of methodologies to evaluate the sustainability of smart solutions. This paper gives an overview of the current discussion in the field and the emerging methodological challenges. The challenges of assessing the direct impact of the ICT components and infrastructures are special cases of known issues in life cycle assessment methodology. The challenges of assessing indirect impacts are inherently interdisciplinary and call for integrated modelling approaches. The last two sections provide an overview of the papers assembled in this thematic issue that treat specific cases and general principles of modeling and evaluating the sustainability of smart solutions.

  • 6.
    Hischier, Roland
    et al.
    Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen (Switzerland).
    Ahmadi Achachlouei, Mohammad
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC. Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen (Switzerland).
    Hilty, Lorenz M.
    KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC. Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen (Switzerland); University of Zürich, Department of Informatics, Zürich (Switzerland).
    Evaluating the sustainability of electronic media: Strategies for life cycle inventory data collection and their implications for LCA results2014Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 56, s. 27-36Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper compares two Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies independently carried out to assess the environmental impacts of electronic versus print media. Although the two studies lead to the same overall conclusion for the case of a news magazine namely that the tablet version of the magazine has environmental advantages over the print version there are significant differences in the details of the LCA results. We show how these differences can be explained by differences in the methodological approaches used for life cycle inventory (LCI) modelling, in particular the use of rough average data versus the attempt to use the most specific and detailed data as possible. We conclude that there are several issues in LCA practice (at least when applied in the domain of media) that can significantly influence the results already at the LCI level: The data collection strategy used (e.g. relying on desk-based research or dismantling a given device) and the decisions made at inventory level with regard to parameters with significant geographic variability, such as the electricity mix or recycling quotas.

  • 7.
    Jansson, Per-Erik.
    et al.
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Moon, D. S.
    A coupled model of water, heat and mass transfer using object orientation to improve flexibility and functionality2001Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 16, nr 1, s. 37-46Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The challenge of our software development is to introduce user-friendly document-orientation and graphical features that are typical in Windows software and to retain the possibility of easily extending existing legacy Fortran code. Keys to this development were the use of five development tools and our special management of shared memory. Numerical development of the code was thus continued in Fortran while the newly introduced multiple-document interface allows the new graphical features that are considered more user friendly (e.g. tool bar, status bar, animation, etc.) can be further refined and adjusted using Visual C++6.0 and the MS Visual Studio. Object orientation makes it possible to include modules with different type of dependencies that restrict the user interface to the specific use of the model. A large number of sub-models are combined and all input/output data have been adapted to an object-oriented standard. Multiple-run features and built-in links to a common database are new important features.

  • 8.
    Kramers, Anna
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Designing next generation multimodal traveler information systems to support sustainability-oriented decisions2014Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 56, s. 83-93Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This article explores functionality that could be included in the next generation multimodal travel information system to support sustainability-oriented decisions. It identifies situations in the journey's three phases, pre-, on- and post-trip that have the potential to change travel patterns and also transport choices that the individual makes in order to perform activities in their daily life. Requirements on a traveler information system were derived from these situations and choices. The identified requirements are then transferred into functionalities in a travel information system that has potentials to encourage decisions that could lead to lower energy usage. Nine traveler information systems for multimodal and public transport travel are systematically investigated to find out if they include the proposed functionality. The investigated systems are in operation primarily in Sweden, Germany, the UK and one has global coverage. The investigation results in a discussion about future opportunities with proposal to encourage sustainability oriented travel decisions in the next generation travel information system.

  • 9.
    Kramers, Anna
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Höjer, Mattias
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Lövehagen, Nina
    Ericsson.
    Wangel, Josefin
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms). KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), Centra, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Smart sustainable cities - Exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities2014Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 56, s. 52-62Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This article explores the opportunities of using ICT as an enabling technology to reduce energy use in cities. An analytical framework is developed in which a typology of ICT opportunities is combined with a typology of household functions, i.e. all the activities that require energy. The energy used for household functions is calculated using a consumption-based lifecycle perspective. The analytical framework is intended to be of use to researchers, city and regional authorities and ICT companies interested in acquiring a better understanding of how ICT investments could contribute to reduce energy use in cities.

  • 10.
    Lindén, David
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Cinelli, Marco
    Singapore ETH Ctr SEC, Swiss Fed Inst Technol ETH Zurich, Future Resilient Syst FRS, CREATE Tower 06-01,1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore.;Poznan Univ Tech, Inst Comp Sci, Piotrowo 2, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland.;Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Energy Syst Anal, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland..
    Spada, Matteo
    Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Energy Syst Anal, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland..
    Becker, William
    European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Via E Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy..
    Gasser, Patrick
    Singapore ETH Ctr SEC, Swiss Fed Inst Technol ETH Zurich, Future Resilient Syst FRS, CREATE Tower 06-01,1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore..
    Burgherr, Peter
    Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Energy Syst Anal, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland..
    A framework based on statistical analysis and stakeholders' preferences to inform weighting in composite indicators2021Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 145, artikkel-id 105208Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Composite Indicators (CIs, a.k.a. indices) are increasingly used as they can simplify interpretation of results by condensing the information of a plurality of underlying indicators in a single measure. This paper demonstrates that the strength of the correlations between the indicators is directly linked with their capacity to transfer information to the CI. A measure of information transfer from each indicator is proposed along with two weightoptimization methods, which allow the weights to be adjusted to achieve either a targeted or maximized information transfer. The tools presented in this paper are applied to a case study for resilience assessment of energy systems, demonstrating how they can support the tailored development of CIs. These findings enable analysts bridging the statistical properties of the index with the weighting preferences from the stakeholders. They can thus choose a weighting scheme and possibly modify the index while achieving a more consistent (by correlation) index.

  • 11. Palosuo, T.
    et al.
    Foereid, B.
    Svensson, Magnus
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Shurpali, N.
    Lehtonen, A.
    Herbst, M.
    Linkosalo, T.
    Ortiz, C.
    Rampazzo Todorovic, G.
    Marcinkonis, S.
    Li, C.
    Jandl, R.
    A multi-model comparison of soil carbon assessment of a coniferous forest stand2012Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 35, s. 38-49Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We simulated soil carbon stock dynamics of an Austrian coniferous forest stand with five soil-only models (Q, ROMUL, RothC, SoilCO2/RothC and Yasso07) and three plant-soil models (CENTURY, CoupModel and Forest-DNDC) for an 18-year period and the decomposition of a litter pulse over a 100-year period. The objectives of the study were to assess the consistency in soil carbon estimates applying a multi-model comparison and to present and discuss the sources of uncertainties that create the differences in model results. Additionally, we discuss the applicability of different modelling approaches from the view point of large-scale carbon assessments. Our simulation results showed a wide range in soil carbon stocks and stock change estimates reflecting substantial uncertainties in model estimates. The measured stock change estimate decreased much more than the model predictions. Model results varied not only due to the model structure and applied parameters, but also due to different input information and assumptions applied during the modelling processes. Initialization procedures applied with the models induced large differences among the modelled soil carbon stocks and stock change estimates. Decomposition estimates of the litter pulse driven by model structures and parameters also varied considerably. Our results support the use of relatively simple soil-only models with low data requirements in inventory type of large-scale carbon assessments. It is important that the modelling processes within the national inventories are transparently reported and special emphasis is put on how the models are used, which assumptions are applied and what is the quality of data used both as input and to calibrate the models.

  • 12. Senapati, N.
    et al.
    Jansson, Per-Erik
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Mark- och vattenteknik.
    Smith, P.
    Chabbi, A.
    Modelling heat, water and carbon fluxes in mown grassland under multi-objective and multi-criteria constraints2016Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 80, s. 201-224Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A Monte Carlo-based calibration and uncertainty assessment was performed for heat, water and carbon (C) fluxes, simulated by a soil-plant-atmosphere system model (CoupModel), in mown grassland. Impact of different multi-objective and multi-criteria constraints was investigated on model performance and parameter behaviour. Good agreements between hourly modelled and measurement data were obtained for latent and sensible heat fluxes (R2 = 0.61, ME = 0.48 MJ m-2 day-1), soil water contents (R2 = 0.68, ME = 0.34%) and carbon-dioxide flux (R2 = 0.60, ME = -0.18 g C m-2 day-1). Multi-objective and multi-criteria constraints were efficient in parameter conditioning, reducing simulation uncertainty and identifying critical parameters. Enforcing multi-constraints separately on heat, water and C processes resulted in the highest model improvement for that specific process, including some improvement too for other processes. Imposing multi-constraints on all groups of variables, associated with heat, water and C fluxes together, resulted in general effective parameters conditioning and model improvement.

  • 13. van der Harst, Eugenie
    et al.
    Potting, Josepha
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms).
    Variation in LCA results for disposable polystyrene beverage cups due to multiple data sets and modelling choices2014Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 51, s. 123-135Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) of the same products often result in different, sometimes even contradictory outcomes. Reasons for these differences include using different data sets and deviating modelling choices. This paper purposely used different data sets and modelling choices to identify how these differences propagated in LCA results. Vehicle for this methodological exploration was an LCA case study of a typical polystyrene (PS) disposable cup. An initial LCA of PS cups was made using only one data set per process. Contribution and sensitivity analysis identified those processes with influential contribution to the overall environmental impact. Next additional data sets were acquired for all influential processes. The spread in impact results for each life cycle process was calculated after impact assessment for each individual inventory data set as to preserve the correlation between inventory data within each individual data set. The spread in impact results reflects uncertainty existing between different data sets for the same process and due to modelling choices. The influence on overall LCA results was quantified by systematically applying all combinations of data sets and modelling choices. Results from the different data sets and modelling choices systematically point to the same processes as main contributors to all impact categories (PS production, cup manufacturing, PS incineration and PS recycling). The spread in toxicity indicators exceeds the energy-related impact categories. Causes of spread are resources and energy used (type, amount, date and origin), reported emissions, and applied allocation procedures. Average LCA results show slight preference for recycling PS compared to incineration in most impact categories. Overlapping spread in results of the two waste treatments, however, does not support the preference for recycling. The approach in this paper showed how variation in data sets and modelling choices propagates in LCA outcomes. This is especially useful for generic LCAs as systematic use of multiple data sets and multiple modelling choices increases the insight in relative contributions of processes to, and uncertainty in the overall LCA. These results might be less easy to perceive, but they provide decision makers with more robust information.

  • 14.
    Wallach, Daniel
    et al.
    INRAE, UMR AGIR, Castanet Tolosan, France..
    Jansson, Per-Erik
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik.
    Seidel, Sabine J.
    Univ Bonn, Inst Crop Sci & Resource Conservat, Bonn, Germany..
    The chaos in calibrating crop models: Lessons learned from a multi-model calibration exercise2021Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 145, artikkel-id 105206Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Calibration, the estimation of model parameters based on fitting the model to experimental data, is among the first steps in many applications of process-based models and has an important impact on simulated values. We propose a novel method of developing guidelines for calibration of process-based models, based on development of recommendations for calibration of the phenology component of crop models. The approach was based on a multi-model study, where all teams were provided with the same data and asked to return simulations for the same conditions. All teams were asked to document in detail their calibration approach, including choices with respect to criteria for best parameters, choice of parameters to estimate and software. Based on an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the various choices, we propose calibration recommendations that cover a comprehensive list of decisions and that are based on actual practices.

  • 15. Zulkafli, Zed
    et al.
    Perez, Katya
    Vitolo, Claudia
    Buytaert, Wouter
    Karpouzoglou, Timothy
    Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
    Dewulf, Art
    De Bièvre, Bert
    Clark, Julian
    Hannah, David M.
    Shaheed, Simrita
    User-driven design of decision support systems for polycentric environmental resources management2017Inngår i: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 88, s. 58-73Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Open and decentralized technologies such as the Internet provide increasing opportunities to create knowledge and deliver computer-based decision support for multiple types of users across scales. However, environmental decision support systems/tools (henceforth EDSS) are often strongly science-driven and assuming single types of decision makers, and hence poorly suited for more decentralized and polycentric decision making contexts. In such contexts, EDSS need to be tailored to meet diverse user requirements to ensure that it provides useful (relevant), usable (intuitive), and exchangeable (institutionally unobstructed) information for decision support for different types of actors. To address these issues, we present a participatory framework for designing EDSS that emphasizes a more complete understanding of the decision making structures and iterative design of the user interface. We illustrate the application of the framework through a case study within the context of water-stressed upstream/downstream communities in Lima, Peru.

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