kth.sePublications
Change search
Refine search result
1234567 1 - 50 of 833
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1. Abderrazek, K.
    et al.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Seffen, M.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Srasra, N. Frini
    Srasra, E.
    Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine using [Zn-Al] LDH supported on PAN nanofibres2015In: Clay minerals, ISSN 0009-8558, E-ISSN 1471-8030, Vol. 50, no 2, p. 185-197Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH), before and after calcination, were tested for the removal of indigo carmine (IC) dye from solution. These LDH photocatalysts were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), nitrogen physisorption at -196 degrees C, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry (DRS). The different photocatalysts were supported on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibres, so that filtration was unnecessary. The PXRD and FTIR analyses showed that the IC adsorption on c-Zn-Al-3-500 (LDH calcined at 500 degrees C) was enhanced by construction of the hydrotalcite matrix intercalated with the dye. The intercalation was clearly evidenced by the appearance of a peak at low degrees 2 theta values. All of the materials prepared exhibited photocatalytic activity, which for the c-Zn-Al-3-500 was comparable to that of commercial PAN-supported ZnO nanoparticles (100% degradation after 180 min). Kinetic studies showed that the degradation of the IC followed a pseudo-first order rate. The high activity and the ease of both synthesis and separation processes rendered this photocatalyst a promising candidate for environmental remediation.

  • 2.
    Abedin, Ahmad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Noroozi, Mohammad
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Primetzhofer, Daniel
    Östling, Mikael
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Radamson, Henry.H
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    GeSnSi CVD Epitaxy using Silane, Germane, Digermane, and Tin tetrachlorideArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, strain relaxed and compressive strained Ge1-x-ySnxSiy (0.015≤x≤0.15 and 0≤y≤0.15) layers were epitaxially grown on Si substrate in a chemical vapor deposition reactor at atmospheric pressure. Digermane (Ge2H6) and germane (GeH4) were used as Ge precursors and tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) was used as Sn precursor. The growth temperature was kept below 400ᵒC to suppress Sn out diffusion. The layers crystal quality and strain were characterized using XRD, high resolution reciprocal lattice mapping and transmission electron microscopy and the surface morphology was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, the low temperature epitaxial growth up to 15% Si atoms incorporation in Ge0.94Sn0.06 was demonstrated by adding silane (SiH4) as Si precursor. Sn contents calculated from high resolution XRD patterns were confirmed by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy which shows that Sn atoms are mostly positioned in substitutional sites. AFM analysis showed below 1nm surface roughness for both strained and strain relaxed GeSn layers which make the promising materials for photonics and electronics applications.

    Download (pdf)
    summary
  • 3.
    Afrasiabi, Roodabeh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Silicon Nanoribbon FET Sensors: Fabrication, Surface Modification and Microfluidic Integration2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the past decade, the field of medical diagnostics has seen an incredible amount of research towards the integration of one-dimensional nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes, metallic and semiconducting nanowires and nanoribbons for a variety of bio-applications. Among the mentioned one-dimensional structures, silicon nanoribbon (SiNR) field-effect transistors (FET) as electro-chemical nanosensors hold particular promise for label-free, real-time and sensitive detection of biomolecules using affinity-based detection. In SiNR FET sensors, electrical transport is primarily along the nanoribbon axis in a thin sheet (< 30 nm) serving as the channel. High sensitivity is achieved because of the large surface-to-volume ratio which allows analytes to bind anywhere along the NR affecting the entire conductivity by their surface charge. Unfortunately, sensitivity without selectivity is still an ongoing issue and this thesis aims at addressing the detection challenges and further proposing effective developments, such as parallel and multiple detection through using individually functionalized SiNRs.We present here a comprehensive study on design, fabrication, operation and device performance parameters for the next generation of SiNR FET sensors towards multiplexed, label-free detection of biomolecules using an on-chip microfluidic layer which is based on a highly cross-linked epoxy. We first study the sensitivity of different NR dimensions followed by analysis of the drift and hysteresis effects. We have also addressed two types of gate oxides (namely SiO2 and Al2O3) which are commonly used in standard CMOS fabrication of ISFETs (Ion sensitive FET). Not only have we studied and compared the hysteresis and response-time effects in the mentioned two types of oxides but we have also suggested a new integrated on-chip reference nanoribbon/microfluidics combination to monitor the long-term drift in the SiNR FET nanosensors. Our results show that compared to Al2O3, silicon-oxide gated SiNR FET sensors show high hysteresis and slow-response which limit their performance only to background electrolytes with low ionic strength. Al2O3 on the other hand proves more promising as the gate-oxide of choice for use in nanosensors. We have also illustrated that the new integrated sensor NR/Reference NR can be utilized for real-time monitoring of the above studied sources of error during pH-sensing. Furthermore, we have introduced a new surface silanization (using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) method utilizing microwave-assisted heating which compared to conventional heating, yields an amino-terminated monolayer with high surface coverage on the oxide surface of the nanoribbons. A highly uniform and dense monolayer not only reduces the pH sensitivity of the bare-silicon oxide surface in a physiological media but also allows for more receptors to be immobilized on the surface. Protocols for surface functionalization and biomolecule immobilization were evaluated using model systems. Selective spotting of receptor molecules can be used to achieve localized functionalization of individual SiNRs, opening up opportunities for multiplexed detection of analytes.Additionally, we present here a novel approach by integrating droplet-based microfluidics with the SiNR FET sensors. Using the new system we are able to successfully detect trains of droplets with various pH values. The integrated system enables a wide range of label-free biochemical and macromolecule sensing applications based on detection of biological events such as enzyme-substrate interactions within the droplets.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 4.
    Afrasiabi, Roodabeh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Jokilaakso, Nima
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Protein Technology.
    Schmidt, Torsten
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Björk, P.
    Eriksson Karlström, Amelie
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Protein Technology.
    Linnros, Jan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Effect of microwave-assisted silanization on sensing properties of silicon nanoribbon FETs2015In: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, ISSN 0925-4005, E-ISSN 1873-3077, Vol. 209, p. 586-595Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important concern with using silicon nanoribbon field-effect transistors (SiNR FET) for ion-sensing is the pH-response of the gate oxide surface. Depending on the application of the FET sensor, this response has to be chemically manipulated. Thus in silicon oxide-gated pH-sensors with integrated sensor and reference FETS, a surface with high pH-sensitivity, compared to the bare gate oxide, is required in the sensor FETs (SEFET), whereas in the reference FETs (REFET) the surface has to be relatively pH-insensitive. In order to control the sensitivity and chemistry of the oxide surface of the nanoribbons, a silanization reagent with a functional group is often self-assembled on the SiNR surface. Choice of a silanization reaction that results in a self-assembled layer on a silicon oxide surface has been studied extensively over the past decades. However, the effect of various self-assembled layers such as monolayers or mixed layers on the electrical response of SiNR FETs in aqueous solution needs to be exploited further, especially for future integrated SEFET/REFET systems. In this work, we have performed a comprehensive study on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) silanization of silicon oxide surfaces using microwave (MW) heating as a new biocompatible route to conventional methods. A set of complementary surface characterization techniques (ellipsometry, AFM and ATR-FTIR) was used to analyze the properties of the APTES layer deposited on the silicon surface. We have found that a uniform monolayer can be achieved within 10 min by heating the silanization solution to 75 degrees C using MW heating. Furthermore, electrical measurements suggest that little change in device performance is observed after exposure to MW irradiation. Real-time pH measurements indicate that a uniform APTES monolayer not only reduces the pH sensitivity of SiNR FET by passivating the surface silanol groups, but also makes the device less sensitive to cation concentration in the background electrolyte. Our silanization route proves promising for future chemical surface modification of on-chip REFETs.

  • 5.
    Afrasiabi, Roodabeh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Jokilaakso, Nima
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Protein Technology.
    Schmidt, Torsten
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Eriksson Karlström, Amelie
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Protein Technology.
    Linnros, Jan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Microwave-assisted silanization of SiNW-FET: characterization and effect on sensing propertiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Afrasiabi, Roodabeh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Söderberg, Lovisa M.
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology.
    Jönsson, Håkan
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology.
    Björk, Per
    Acreo Swedish ICT AB, SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden.
    Svahn Andersson, Helene
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology.
    Linnros, Jan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Integration of a Droplet-Based Microfluidic System and Silicon Nanoribbon FET Sensor2016In: Micromachines, E-ISSN 2072-666X, Vol. 7, no 8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a novel microfluidic system that integrates droplet microfluidics with a silicon nanoribbon field-effect transistor (SiNR FET), and utilize this integrated system to sense differences in pH. The device allows for selective droplet transfer to a continuous water phase, actuated by dielectrophoresis, and subsequent detection of the pH level in the retrieved droplets by SiNR FETs on an electrical sensor chip. The integrated microfluidic system demonstrates a label-free detection method for droplet microfluidics, presenting an alternative to optical fluorescence detection. In this work, we were able to differentiate between droplet trains of one pH-unit difference. The pH-based detection method in our integrated system has the potential to be utilized in the detection of biochemical reactions that induce a pH-shift in the droplets.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 7.
    Afzal, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Wang, Baoyuan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Xia, Chen
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Zhang, Wei
    He, Yunjuan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Jayasuriya, Jeevan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Zhu, Binzhu
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Fabrication of novel electrolyte-layer free fuel cell with semi-ionic conductor (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta- Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9) and Schottky barrier2016In: Journal of Power Sources, ISSN 0378-7753, E-ISSN 1873-2755, Vol. 328, p. 136-142Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Perovskite Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) is synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation technique for a low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC) (300-600 degrees C) and electrolyte-layer free fuel cell (EFFC) in a comprehensive study. The EFFC with a homogeneous mixture of samarium doped ceria (SDC): BSCF (60%:40% by weight) which is rather similar to the cathode (SDC: BSCF in 50%:50% by weight) used for a three layer SOFC demonstrates peak power densities up to 655 mW/cm(2), while a three layer (anode/ electrolyte/cathode) SOFC has reached only 425 mW/cm(2) at 550 degrees C. Chemical phase, crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared sample are characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrochemical performances of 3-layer SOFC and EFFC are studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As-prepared BSCF has exhibited a maximum conductivity above 300 S/cm at 550 degrees C. High performance of the EFFC device corresponds to a balanced combination between ionic and electronic (holes) conduction characteristic. The Schottky barrier prevents the EFFC from the electronic short circuiting problem which also enhances power output. The results provide a new way to produce highly effective cathode materials for LTSOFC and semiconductor designs for EFFC functions using a semiconducting-ionic material.

  • 8.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Structure-dependent charge transfer at the interafce between organic thin films, and metals and metal oxides2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the research work, presented in this thesis is to offer a detailed atomic level study of interfaces created by adsorption of organic molecules on metals and metal oxides to point out significant impact of substrate, dye structure as well as different mediators on the charge transfer at these interfaces, which is proven to influence the device performance to a great extent.

    Adsorption of organic photosensitive molecules on metals and metal-oxides is the main focus of this thesis. Phthalocyanines which are organic semiconductors offer a broad range of properties, such as thermal and chemical stability, high charge mobility and strong absorption coefficient in the visible and near-IR regions, which make them very attractive to be applied in various systems and devices. Fuel cells, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and solar cells are examples of phthalocyanine’s applications. The main focus of this work is to characterize the interfaces of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs).

    DSSC was invented by Michael Grätzel and Brian O’Regan in 1988. At the heart of this cell there is an oxide which is coated by a photosensitive dye. Under illumination, an electron is excited from HOMO to LUMO of the molecule, which can be further transferred to the conduction band of the oxide by a proper energy level alignment. The original state of the dye is regenerated by electron donation via the electrolyte, which usually is an organic solvent containing a redox couple e.g., iodide/triiodide. The iodide is regenerated by reduction of triiodide at the counter electrode. To improve the functionality of the cell, different additives can be added to the electrolyte.

    To mimic the interfaces of this cell, molecular layers of MPc (M: Fe, Zn, Mg) are adsorbed on both metallic surfaces, Au(111) and Pt(111), and rutile TiO2(110). Layers of iodine were inserted between metallic substrates and dyes to investigate the electronic properties and charge transfer at these multi-interface systems. 4-tert-butyl pyridine is a significant additive to the electrolyte and has proven to enhance the cell’s performance. This molecule was also adsorbed on Pt(111) and TiO2(110). Phthalocyanines were deposited by organic molecular beam deposition and 4TBP was evaporated at room temperature. Surface structures and reconstructions were confirmed by LEED measurements. Surface sensitive synchrotron radiation based spectroscopy methods, XPS and NEXAFS were applied to characterize these surfaces and interfaces. STM images directly give a topographical and electronic map over the surface. All measurements were carried out in UHV condition.

    When MPc was adsorbed on Au(111) and TiO2(110), charge transfer from molecule to substrate is suggested, while the opposite holds for MPc adsorbed on Pt(111). Moreover, stronger interaction between MPc and Pt(111) and TiO2(110) compared to Au(111) also demonstrates the effect of substrate on the charge transfer at the interface. The stronger interaction observed for these two substrates disturbed the smooth growth of a monolayer; it also resulted in bending of the molecular plane. Interaction of MPc with metallic surfaces was modified by inserting iodine at the interface. Another substrate-related effect was observed when MgPc was adsorbed on TiO2(110);  and -cross linked surfaces, where the surface reconstruction directly affect the molecular configuration as well as electronic structure at the interface. Besides, it is shown that the d-orbital filling of the central metal atom in MPc plays an important role for the properties of the molecular layer as well as charge transfer at the interface.

    Upon adsorption of 4TBP on Pt(111), C-H bond is dissociatively broken and molecules is adsorbed with N atoms down. Modification of surface by iodine, prevent this dissociation. In the low coverage of iodine, there is a competition between 4TBP and iodine to directly bind to Pt(111). Investigation on the adsorption of 4TBP on TiO2(110) illustrated that these molecules in low coverage regime, prefer the oxygen vacancy sites and their adsorption on these sites, results in a downward band bending at the substrate’s surface. 

    Download full text (pdf)
    Thesis
  • 9.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    Bidermane, Ieva
    Wojek, Bastian M.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Site-dependent charge transfer at the Pt(111)-ZnPc interface and the effect of iodine2014In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 140, no 17, p. 174702-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The electronic structure of ZnPc, from sub-monolayers to thick films, on bare and iodated Pt(111) is studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. Our results suggest that at low coverage ZnPc lies almost parallel to the Pt(111) substrate, in a non-planar configuration induced by Zn-Pt attraction, leading to an inhomogeneous charge distribution within the molecule and an inhomogeneous charge transfer to the molecule. ZnPc does not form a complete monolayer on the Pt surface, due to a surface-mediated intermolecular repulsion. At higher coverage ZnPc adopts a tilted geometry, due to a reduced molecule-substrate interaction. Our photoemission results illustrate that ZnPc is practically decoupled from Pt, already from the second layer. Pre-deposition of iodine on Pt hinders the Zn-Pt attraction, leading to a non-distorted first layer ZnPc in contact with Pt(111)-I(root 3x root 3) or Pt(111)-I(root 7x root 7), and a more homogeneous charge distribution and charge transfer at the interface. On increased ZnPc thickness iodine is dissolved in the organic film where it acts as an electron acceptor dopant.

  • 10.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    Bidermane, Leva
    Wojek, Bastian M.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Effect of the iodineon the site-dependent charge transfer at the Pt(111)-ZnPc interfaceManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Bidermane, Leva
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Dissociative bonding of 4-tert-butyl pyridine to Pt(111) and surface passivation by iodineManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Shariati, M. Nina
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Molecular layers of ZnPc and FePc on Au(111) surface: Charge transfer and chemical interaction2012In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 137, no 8, p. 084705-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and iron phthalocyanine (FePc) thick films and monolayers on Au(111) using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both molecules are adsorbed flat on the surface at monolayer. ZnPc keeps this orientation in all investigated coverages, whereas FePc molecules stand up in the thick film. The stronger inter-molecular interaction of FePc molecules leads to change of orientation, as well as higher conductivity in FePc layer in comparison with ZnPc, which is reflected in thickness-dependent differences in core-level shifts. Work function changes indicate that both molecules donate charge to Au; through the pi-system. However, the Fe3d derived lowest unoccupied molecular orbital receives charge from the substrate when forming an interface state at the Fermi level. Thus, the central atom plays an important role in mediating the charge, but the charge transfer as a whole is a balance between the two different charge transfer channels; pi-system and the central atom.

  • 13.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Reduced Au-MPc hole injection barrier by an intermediate iodine layerManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Zuleta, Marcelo
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Palmgren, Pål
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Charge transfer and band bending on TiO2(110)-MgPcManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 15. Akman, O.
    et al.
    Kavas, H.
    Baykal, A.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Coruh, Ali
    Aktas, B.
    Magnetic metal nanoparticles coated polyacrylonitrile textiles as microwave absorber2013In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, ISSN 0304-8853, E-ISSN 1873-4766, Vol. 327, p. 151-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) textiles with 2 mm thickness are coated with magnetic nanoparticles in coating baths with Ni, Co and their alloys via an electroless metal deposition method. The crystal structure, morphology and magnetic nature of composites are investigated by X-ray Powder diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and dc magnetization measurement techniques. The frequency dependent microwave absorption measurements have been carried out in the frequency range of 12.4-18 GHz (X and P bands). Diamagnetic and ferromagnetic properties are also investigated. Finally, the microwave absorption of composites is found strongly dependent on the coating time. One absorption peak is observed between 14.3 and 15.8 GHz with an efficient absorption bandwidth of 3.3-4.1 GHz (under -20 dB reflection loss limit). The Reflection loss (RL) can be achieved between -30 and -50 dB. It was found that the RL is decreasing and absorption bandwidth is decreasing with increasing coating time. While absorption peak moves to lower frequencies in Ni coated PAN textile, it goes higher frequencies in Co coated ones. The Ni-Co alloy coated composites have fluctuating curve of absorption frequency with respect to coating time. These results encourage further development of magnetic nanoparticle coated textile absorbers for broadband applications.

  • 16. Akram, M. N.
    et al.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Optics and Photonics, OFO.
    Marcinkevicius, Saulius
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Kjebon, Olle
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Berggren, J.
    Experimental evaluation of carrier transport, gain, T0 and chirp of 1.55 mm MQW structures with different barrier compositions2005In: 31st European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC 2005), 2005, Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2005, Vol. 2005, no CP502, p. 297-298Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Direct carrier transport measurements were performed for different InGaAsP/InGaAlAs MQW test structures. Shallow InGaAlAs barrier QW showed faster carrier transport. Semi-insulating regrown FP lasers with InGaAlAs barrier QW showed improved high temperature operation, modal gain, differential modal gain and chirp.

  • 17. Al Alawai, Reem
    et al.
    Laxman, karthik
    Dastgir, Sarim
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM. Sultan Qaboos University, , Oman.
    Role of bonding mechanisms during transfer hydrogenation reaction on heterogeneous catalysts of platinum nanoparticles supported on zinc oxide nanorods2016In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, p. 200-206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For supported heterogeneous catalysis, the interface between a metal nanoparticle and the support plays an important role. In this work the dependency of the catalytic efficiency on the bonding chemistry of platinum nanoparticles supported on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods is studied. Platinum nanoparticles were deposited on ZnO nanorods (ZnO NR) using thermal and photochemical processes and the effects on the size, distribution, density and chemical state of the metal nanoparticles upon the catalytic activities are presented. The obtained results indicate that the bonding at Pt-ZnO interface depends on the deposition scheme which can be utilized to modulate the surface chemistry and thus the activity of the supported catalysts. Additionally, uniform distribution of metal on the catalyst support was observed to be more important than the loading density. It is also found that oxidized platinum Pt(IV) (platinum hydroxide) provided a more suitable surface for enhancing the transfer hydrogenation reaction of cyclohexanone with isopropanol compared to zero valent platinum. Photochemically synthesized ZnO supported nanocatalysts were efficient and potentially viable for upscaling to industrial applications.

  • 18. Al-Awis, S. N.
    et al.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Photonics and Microwave Engineering , FMI.
    Pang, Xiaodan
    RISE ACREO AB.
    Ozolins, O.
    Jacobsen, Gunnar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Photonics and Microwave Engineering , FMI.
    Popov, Sergei
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Optics and Photonics, OFO.
    Fattah, A. Y.
    Chen, Jiajia
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Communication Systems, CoS, Optical Network Laboratory (ON Lab).
    Phenomenological formula for modelling of physical layer impairments in elastic optical networks2015In: Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, ACPC 2015, 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An empirical modelling technique is introduced to estimate impact of physical layer impairments in elastic optical networks, which can be used to evaluate transmission quality. The model has been verified experimentally with accuracy beyond (97.3%).

  • 19. Al-Hamdi, A. M.
    et al.
    Sillanpää, M.
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM. Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
    Intermediate formation during photodegradation of phenol using lanthanum doped tin dioxide nanoparticles2016In: Research on chemical intermediates (Print), ISSN 0922-6168, E-ISSN 1568-5675, Vol. 42, no 4, p. 3055-3069Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lanthanum (La)-doped tin dioxide (SnO<inf>2</inf>) nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified sol–gel method at room temperature. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activity of La:SnO<inf>2</inf> samples were investigated by studying the degradation profile of phenol and its by-products in water. The treated samples were analyzed by HPLC–UV and a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Benzoquinone, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, acetic acid, and 2-propanol were identified as phenol degradation intermediates. Maximum concentration acquired was in the order of catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, and benzoquinone, which was observed in the beginning stages while iso-propanol and acetic acid were observed in the final stages of phenol degradation. We achieved a complete photodegradation of a 10 ppm aqueous phenol solution and intermediates with 0.6 % of SnO<inf>2</inf>:La nanoparticles in 120 min under artificial solar irradiation. A maximum degradation rate constant of 0.02228 min−1 of propanol and a minimum of acetic acid 0.013412 min−1 were recorded at 37 °C.

  • 20. Al-Hamdi, Abdullah M.
    et al.
    Sillanpaa, Mika
    Bora, Tanujjal
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Efficient photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution by SnO2:Sb nanoparticles2016In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 370, p. 229-236Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photodegradation of phenol in the presence of tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles under UV light irradiation is known to be an effective photocatalytic process. However, phenol degradation under solar light is less effective due to the large band gap of SnO2. In this study antimony (Sb) doped tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were prepared at a low temperature (80 degrees C) by a sol-gel method and studied for its photo catalytic activity with phenol as a test contaminant. The catalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous media was studied using high performance liquid chromatography and total organic carbon measurements. The change in the concentration of phenol affects the pH of the solution due to the by-products formed during the photo-oxidation of phenol. The photoactivity of SnO2:Sb was found to be a maximum for 0.6 wt.% Sb doped SnO2 nanoparticles with 10 mg L-1 phenol in water. Within 2 h of photodegradation, more than 95% of phenol could be removed under solar light irradiation.

  • 21. Al-Hamdi, Abdullah M.
    et al.
    Sillanpaa, Mika
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Gadolinium doped tin dioxide nanoparticles: an efficient visible light active photocatalyst2015In: Journal of Rare Earths, ISSN 1002-0721, E-ISSN 2509-4963, Vol. 33, no 12, p. 1275-1283Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photocatalytic degradation of phenol with sol-gel prepared rare earth doped tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles was reported. Gadolinium doped tin dioxide (SnO2:Gd) nanoparticles were found to absorb higher visible light compared to lanthanum, neodymium and cerium doped materials that were studied in detail. Photocatalytic degradation of phenol under artificial white light and sunlight in the presence of SnO2: Gd nanoparticles was studied with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), total organic carbon (TOC) measurements and the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Clear correlations between the results obtained from these multiple measurements were found, and a kinetic pathway for the degradation process was proposed. Within 150 min of solar irradiation, the TOC of a 10 ppm phenol solution in water was reduced by 95%-99%, thus demonstrating that SnO2: Gd nanoparticles are efficient visible light photocatalysts.

  • 22. Almeida, J. M. P.
    et al.
    Tribuzi, V.
    Fonseca, R. D.
    Otuka, A. J. G.
    Ferreira, P. H. D.
    Mastelaro, V. R.
    Brajato, P.
    Hernandes, A. C.
    Dev, Apurba
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Semiconductor Materials, HMA. Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
    Voss, T.
    Correa, D. S.
    Mendonca, C. R.
    Femtosecond laser processing of glassy and polymeric matrices containing metals and semiconductor nanostructures2013In: Optical materials (Amsterdam), ISSN 0925-3467, E-ISSN 1873-1252, Vol. 35, no 12, p. 2643-2648Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tailoring properties of materials by femtosecond laser processing has been proposed in the last decade as a powerful approach for technological applications, ranging from optics to biology. Although most of the research output in this field is related to femtosecond laser processing of single either organic or inorganic materials, more recently a similar approach has been proposed to develop advanced hybrid nanomaterials. Here, we report results on the use of femtosecond lasers to process hybrid nanomaterials, composed of polymeric and glassy matrices containing metal or semiconductor nanostructures. We present results on the use of femtosecond pulses to induce Cu and Ag nanoparticles in the bulk of borate and borosilicate glasses, which can be applied for a new generation of waveguides. We also report on 3D polymeric structures, fabricated by two-photon polymerization, containing Au and ZnO nanostructures, with intense two-photon fluorescent properties. The approach based on femtosecond laser processing to fabricate hybrid materials containing metal or semiconductor nanostructures is promising to be exploited for optical sensors and photonics devices.

  • 23. Al-Naamani, Laila
    et al.
    Dobretsov, Sergey
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Chitosan-zinc oxide nanoparticle composite coating for active food packaging applications2016In: Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, ISSN 1466-8564, E-ISSN 1878-5522, Vol. 38, p. 231-237Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study antimicrobial properties of chitosan and chitosan-zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposite coatings on PE films were studied. Oxygen plasma pretreatment of PE films led to increased adhesion by 2% of chitosan and the nanocomposite coating solutions to the packaging films. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed uniform coatings on PE surfaces. Incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into the chitosan matrix resulted in 42% increase in solubility; swelling decreased by 80% while the water contact angle (WCA) increased from 60 to 95 compared to chitosan coating. PE coated with chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite films completely inactivated and prevented the growth of food pathogens, while chitosan-coated films showed only 10-fold decline in the viable cell counts of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after 24-h incubation compared to the control. Industrial relevance: One of the greatest challenges of food industry is microbial contamination. The present study suggests that PE coating with chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite is a promising technique to enhance antimicrobial properties of the films. Chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite coatings improved antibacterial properties of PE by inactivating about 99.9% of viable pathogenic bacteria. Hence, our results show the effectiveness of the nanocomposite coating in the development of active food packaging in order to prolong the shelf life of food products.

  • 24. Al-Naamani, Laila
    et al.
    Dobretsov, Sergey
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Burgess, J. Grant
    Chitosan-zinc oxide nanocomposite coatings for the prevention of marine biofouling2017In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 168, p. 408-417Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Marine biofouling is a worldwide problem affecting maritime industries. Global concerns about the high toxicity of antifouling paints have highlighted the need to develop less toxic antifouling coatings. Chitosan is a natural polymer with antimicrobial, antifungal and antialgal properties that is obtained from partial deacetylation of crustacean waste. In the present study, nanocomposite chitosan-zinc oxide (chitosan-ZnO) nanoparticle hybrid coatings were developed and their antifouling activity was tested. Chitosan-ZnO nanoparticle coatings showed anti-diatom activity against Navicula sp. and antibacterial activity against the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens. Additional antifouling properties of the coatings were investigated in a mesocosm study using tanks containing natural sea water under controlled laboratory conditions. Each week for four weeks, biofilm was removed and analysed by flow cytometry to estimate total bacterial densities on the coated substrates. Chitosan-ZnO hybrid coatings led to better inhibition of bacterial growth in comparison to chitosan coatings alone, as determined by flow cytometry. This study demonstrates the antifouling potential of chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite hybrid coatings, which can be used for the prevention of biofouling. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 25. Al-Saadi, Mubarak J.
    et al.
    Al-Harthi, Salim H.
    Kyaw, Htet H.
    Myint, Myo T. Z.
    Bora, Tanujjal
    Laxman, Karthik
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Al-Hinai, Ashraf
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Influence of Atomic Hydrogen, Band Bending, and Defects in the Top Few Nanometers of Hydrothermally Prepared Zinc Oxide Nanorods2017In: Nanoscale Research Letters, ISSN 1931-7573, E-ISSN 1556-276X, Vol. 12, article id 22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the surface, sub-surface (top few nanometers) and bulk properties of hydrothermally grown zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) prior to and after hydrogen treatment. Upon treating with atomic hydrogen (H*), upward and downward band bending is observed depending on the availability of molecular H2O within the structure of the NRs. In the absence of H2O, the H* treatment demonstrated a cleaning effect of the nanorods, leading to a 0.51 eV upward band bending. In addition, enhancement in the intensity of room temperature photoluminescence (PL) signals due to the creation of new surface defects could be observed. The defects enhanced the visible light activity of the ZnO NRs which were subsequently used to photocatalytically degrade aqueous phenol under simulated sunlight. On the contrary, in the presence of H2O, H* treatment created an electronic accumulation layer inducing downward band bending of 0.45 eV (similar to 1/7th of the bulk ZnO band gap) along with the weakening of the defect signals as observed from room temperature photoluminescence spectra. The results suggest a plausible way of tailoring the band bending and defects of the ZnO NRs through control of H2O/H* species.

  • 26. Al-Sabahi, Jamal
    et al.
    Bora, Tanujjal
    Al-Abri, Mohammed
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Controlled defects of zinc oxide nanorods for efficient visible light photocatalytic degradation of phenol2016In: Materials, ISSN 1996-1944, E-ISSN 1996-1944, Vol. 9, no 4, article id 238Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental pollution from human and industrial activities has received much attention as it adversely affects human health and bio-diversity. In this work we report efficient visible light photocatalytic degradation of phenol using supported zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and explore the role of surface defects in ZnO on the visible light photocatalytic activity. ZnO nanorods were synthesized on glass substrates using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process, while the surface defect states were controlled by annealing the nanorods at various temperatures and were characterized by photoluminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the evaluation of phenol photocatalytic degradation. ZnO nanorods with high surface defects exhibited maximum visible light photocatalytic activity, showing 50% degradation of 10 ppm phenol aqueous solution within 2.5 h, with a degradation rate almost four times higher than that of nanorods with lower surface defects. The mineralization process of phenol during degradation was also investigated, and it showed the evolution of different photocatalytic byproducts, such as benzoquinone, catechol, resorcinol and carboxylic acids, at different stages. The results from this study suggest that the presence of surface defects in ZnO nanorods is crucial for its efficient visible light photocatalytic activity, which is otherwise only active in the ultraviolet region.

  • 27. Amir, M.
    et al.
    Baykal, A.
    Güner, S.
    Sertkol, M.
    Sözeri, H.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Synthesis and Characterization of CoxZn1−xAlFeO4 Nanoparticles2015In: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, ISSN 1574-1443, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 747-754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocrystalline powders of cobalt and aluminum co-substituted zinc ferrites with general formula CoxZn1−xAlFeO4 (x = 0.0–1.0) have been synthesized for the first time. Using the citrate-microwave technique and the citric acid as combustion–complexion agent (fuel), materials with spinel mono-phase cubic spinel structure were successfully prepared. The characterization of products was done by XRD, SEM and VSM. The crystallite size estimated by Scherrer formula has been found in the range of 7.7–9.6 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by room temperature (RT) VSM magnetization measurements. The small remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) values reveal the superparamagnetic nature of nanoparticles (NPs) at RT. The extrapolated saturation magnetization (Ms) is maximum for Co0.8Zn0.2AlFeO4 (17.15 emu/g) and minimum for ZnAlFeO4 particles (4.22 emu/g). This case is attributed to high or low amount of cation distribution change from normal to mixed spinel structure. The average magnetic diameters (Dmag) were calculated from magnetic fit studies of M–H spectra. Dmag values are between 8.17 and 8.46 nm and this range is in great accordance with the obtained diameters from XRD measurements. The small Mr/Ms ratios (maximum, 0.219) specify the uniaxial anisotropy according to Stoner–Wohlfarth model for CoxZn1−xAlFeO4 NPs. RT effective anisotropy constants (Keff) were calculated by using Ms and Hc values. Keff constants increased with increasing Co content in the spinel NPs.

  • 28. An, Wei
    et al.
    Baber, Ashleigh E.
    Xu, Fang
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Stacchiola, Dario
    Liu, Ping
    Mechanistic Study of CO Titration on CuxO/Cu(111) (x <= 2) Surfaces2014In: ChemCatChem, ISSN 1867-3880, E-ISSN 1867-3899, Vol. 6, no 8, p. 2364-2372Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The reducibility of metal oxides is of great importance to their catalytic behavior. Herein, we combined ambient-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (AP-STM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (AP-XPS), and DFT calculations to study the CO titration of CuxO thin films supported on Cu(111) (CuxO/Cu(111)) aiming to gain a better understanding of the roles that the Cu(111) support and surface defects play in tuning catalytic performances. Different conformations have been observed during the reduction, namely, the 44 structure and a recently identified (5-7-7-5) Stone-Wales defects (5-7 structure). The DFT calculations revealed that the Cu(111) support is important to the reducibility of supported CuxO thin films. Compared with the case for the Cu2O(111) bulk surface, at the initial stage CO titration is less favorable on both the 44 and 5-7 structures. The strong CuxO <-> Cu interaction accompanied with the charge transfer from Cu to CuxO is able to stabilize the oxide film and hinder the removal of O. However, with the formation of more oxygen vacancies, the binding between CuxO and Cu(111) is weakened and the oxide film is destabilized, and Cu2O(111) is likely to become the most stable system under the reaction conditions. In addition, the surface defects also play an essential role. With the proceeding of the CO titration reaction, the 5-7 structure displays the highest activity among all three systems. Stone-Wales defects on the surface of the 5-7 structure exhibit a large difference from the 44 structure and Cu2O(111) in CO binding energy, stability of lattice oxygen, and, therefore, the reduction activity. The DFT results agree well with the experimental measurements, demonstrating that by adopting the unique conformation, the 5-7 structure is the active phase of CuxO, which is able to facilitate the redox reaction and the Cu2O/Cu(111)<-> Cu transition.

  • 29.
    Andersson, Magnus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Towards an engineering approach to quality in engineering education2015In: Proceedings of 5:e Utvecklingskonferensen för Sveriges ingenjörsutbildningar, 2015, p. 13-14Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Education quality is handled at many different levels in an education system, ranging all the way from external reviews of education programs at the top university level to the creation of effective learning conditions for students at the practitioners level. Each level has its own processes for quality assurance, and those processes are usually quite different. Here, I suggest one way of joining the different quality processes into a coherent model, which at the same time retain the main conceptual ideas of the already existing quality processes. The proposed model is presented as a flow diagram of an education system together with an idea about how to create both a trouble- shooting and a quality enhancement scheme based on this model. The model is inspired by the way engineers look at quality assurance in engineering systems and it can, hence, be particularly interesting for engineering educations. 

    Download full text (pdf)
    QualityEngineeringEducation
  • 30. Andõn, F. T.
    et al.
    Kapralov, A. A.
    Yanamala, N.
    Feng, W.
    Baygan, Arjang
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Chambers, B. J.
    Hultenby, K.
    Ye, Fei
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Brandner, B. D.
    Fornara, Andrea
    Institute for Surface Chemistry, Stockholm.
    Klein-Seetharaman, J.
    Kotchey, G. P.
    Star, A.
    Shvedova, Anna A.
    West Virginia University, USA.
    Fadeel, B.
    Kagan, V. E.
    Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Eosinophil Peroxidase2013In: Small, ISSN 1613-6810, E-ISSN 1613-6829, Vol. 9, no 16, p. 2721-2729Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is one of the major oxidant-producing enzymes during inflammatory states in the human lung. The degradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) upon incubation with human EPO and H2O 2 is reported. Biodegradation of SWCNTs is higher in the presence of NaBr, but neither EPO alone nor H2O2 alone caused the degradation of nanotubes. Molecular modeling reveals two binding sites for SWCNTs on EPO, one located at the proximal side (same side as the catalytic site) and the other on the distal side of EPO. The oxidized groups on SWCNTs in both cases are stabilized by electrostatic interactions with positively charged residues. Biodegradation of SWCNTs can also be executed in an ex vivo culture system using primary murine eosinophils stimulated to undergo degranulation. Biodegradation is proven by a range of methods including transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and confocal Raman imaging. Thus, human EPO (in vitro) and ex vivo activated eosinophils mediate biodegradation of SWCNTs: an observation that is relevant to pulmonary responses to these materials. Human eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is able to degrade SWCNTs in vitro in the presence of H2O2. EPO is one of the major oxidant-generating enzymes present in human lungs during inflammatory states. The biodegradation of SWCNTs is evidenced also in an ex vivo culture system using primary murine eosinophils stimulated to undergo degranulation. These results are relevant to potential respiratory exposure to carbon nanotubes.

  • 31.
    Asem, Heba
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Biodistribution of Busulphan Loaded Biodegradable Nano-carrier Designed for Multimodal ImagingManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Multifunctional nanocarriers for pathological site imaging and regulated drug delivery are increasingly promising for disease diagnosis and treatment. We developed a multifunctional theranostic nanocarrier system for anticancer drug delivery and molecular imaging. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as an MRI contrast agent and busulphan as an antineoplastic agent were encapsulated into poly (ethylene glycol)-co-poly (caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) via the emulsion-evaporation method. Busulphan entrapment efficiency was 83% and the drug release showed a sustained pattern over 10 hours. SPION loaded-PEG-PCL NPs showed contrast enhancement in T2*-weighted MRI with high r2* relaxivity. In vitro time-dependent cellular PEG-PCL NP uptake was observed in macrophage cells (J774A). PEG-PCL NPs were further functionalized with VivoTag 680XL Fluorochrome for in vivo fluorescence imaging for study of their biodistribution in Balb/c mice over 48 h. The results of real-time imaging were then confirmed by ex vivo organ imaging and histological examination. Generally, PEG-PCL NPs were highly distributed in the lungs until 4 h post intravenous administration, then redistributed and accumulated in liver and spleen until 48 h. No pathological impairment was found in the studied tissues. Thus, PEG-PCL NPs as biodegradable and biocompatible nanocarriers are an efficient multimodal imaging agent, offer high drug loading capacity, and provide the possibility of disease treatment.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Paper III
  • 32.
    Asem, Heba
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Synthesis of Polymeric Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery and Bioimaging2016Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanomaterials have gained great attention for biomedical applications due to their extraordinary physico-chemical and biological properties. The current dissertation presents the design and development of multifunctional nanoparticles for molecular imaging and controlled drug delivery applications which include biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)/polymeric nanocomposite for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and drug delivery, manganese-doped zinc sulfide (Mn:ZnS) quantum dots (QDs)/ SPION/ polymeric nanocomposites for fluorescence imaging, MRI and drug delivery.Bioimaging is an important function of multifunctional nanoparticles in this thesis. Imaging probes were made of SPION and Mn:ZnS QDs for in vitro and in vivo imaging. The SPION have been prepared through a high temperature decomposition method to be used as MRI contrast agent. SPION and Mn:ZnS were encapsulated into poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles during the particles formation. The hydrophobic model drug, busulphan, was loaded in the PLGA vesicles in the composite particles. T2*-weighted MRI of SPION-Mn:ZnS-PLGA phantoms exhibited enhanced negative contrast with r2* relaxivity of 523 mM-1 s-1. SPION-Mn:ZnS-PLGA-NPs have been successfully applied to enhance the contrast of liver in rat model.The biodegradable and biocompatible poly (ethylene glycol)-co-poly (caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) was used as matrix materials for polymeric nanoparticles -based drug delivery system. The PEG-PCL nanoparticles have been constructed to encapsulate SPION and therapeutic agent. The encapsulation efficiency of busulphan was found to be ~ 83 %. PEG-PCL nanoparticles showed a sustained release of the loaded busulphan over a period of 10 h. The SPION-PEG-PCL phantoms showed contrast enhancement in T2*-weighted MRI. Fluorescein-labeled PEG-PCL nanoparticles have been observed in the cytoplasm of the murine macrophage cells (J774A) by fluorescence microscopy. Around 100 % cell viability were noticed for PEG-PCL nanoparticles when incubated with HL60 cell line. The in vivo biodistribution of fluorescent tagged PEG-PCL nanoparticles demonstrated accumulation of PEG-PCL nanoparticles in different tissues including lungs, spleen, liver and kidneys after intravenous administration.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Licentiate Thesis_Heba Asem
  • 33.
    Asem, Heba
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM. Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
    Abd El-Fattah, Ahmed
    Nafee, Noha
    Zhao, Ying
    Khalil, Labiba
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Hassan, Moustapha
    Kandil, Sherif
    Development and biodistribution of a theranostic aluminum phthalocyanine nanophotosensitizer2016In: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, ISSN 1572-1000, E-ISSN 1873-1597, Vol. 13, p. 48-57Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) is an efficient second generation photosensitizer (PS) with high fluorescence ability. Its use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is hampered by hydrophobicity and poor biodistribution. Methods: AlPc was converted to a biocompatible nanostructure by incorporation into amphiphilic polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PECL) copolymer nanoparticles, allowing efficient entrapment of the PS in the hydrophobic core, water dispersibility and biodistribution enhancement by PEG-induced surface characteristics. A series of synthesized PECL copolymers were used to prepare nanophotosensitizers with an average diameter of 66.5-99.1 nm and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 66.4-78.0%. One formulation with favorable colloidal properties and relatively slow release over 7 days was selected for in vitro photophysical assessment and in vivo biodistribution studies in mice. Results: The photophysical properties of AlPc were improved by encapsulating AlPc into PECL-NPs, which showed intense fluorescence emission at 687 nm and no AlPc aggregation has been induced after entrapment into the nanoparticles. Biodistribution of AlPc loaded NPs (AlPc-NPs) and free AlPc drug in mice was monitored by in vivo whole body fluorescence imaging and ex vivo organ imaging, with in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Compared to a AlPc solution in aqueous TWEEN 80 (2 w/v%), the developed nanophotosensitizer showed targeted drug delivery to lungs, liver and spleen as monitored by the intrinsic fluorescence of AlPc at different time points (1 h, 24 h and 48 h) post iv. administration. Conclusions: The AlPc-based copolymer nanoparticles developed offer potential as a single agent multifunctional theranostic nanophotosensitizer for PDT coupled with imaging-guided drug delivery and biodistribution, and possibly also fluorescence diagnostics.

  • 34.
    Asem, Heba
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM. Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden.
    Zhao, Ying
    Ye, Fei
    Barrefelt, Asa
    Abedi-Valugerdi, Manuchehr
    El-Sayed, Ramy
    El-Serafi, Ibrahim
    Abu-Salah, Khalid M.
    Hamm, Jorg
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Hassan, Moustapha
    Biodistribution of biodegradable polymeric nano-carriers loaded with busulphan and designed for multimodal imaging2016In: Journal of Nanobiotechnology, E-ISSN 1477-3155, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 82Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Multifunctional nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery, imaging of disease development and follow-up of treatment efficacy are promising novel tools for disease diagnosis and treatment. In the current investigation, we present a multifunctional theranostic nanocarrier system for anticancer drug delivery and molecular imaging. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as an MRI contrast agent and busulphan as a model for lipophilic antineoplastic drugs were encapsulated into poly (ethylene glycol)-co-poly (caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) micelles via the emulsion-evaporation method, and PEG-PCL was labelled with VivoTag 680XL fluorochrome for in vivo fluorescence imaging. Results: Busulphan entrapment efficiency was 83% while the drug release showed a sustained pattern over 10 h. SPION loaded-PEG-PCL micelles showed contrast enhancement in T-2*-weighted MRI with high r(2)* relaxivity. In vitro cellular uptake of PEG-PCL micelles labeled with fluorescein in J774A cells was found to be time-dependent. The maximum uptake was observed after 24 h of incubation. The biodistribution of PEG-PCL micelles functionalized with VivoTag 680XL was investigated in Balb/c mice over 48 h using in vivo fluorescence imaging. The results of real-time live imaging were then confirmed by ex vivo organ imaging and histological examination. Generally, PEG-PCL micelles were highly distributed into the lungs during the first 4 h post intravenous administration, then redistributed and accumulated in liver and spleen until 48 h post administration. No pathological impairment was found in the major organs studied. Conclusions: Thus, with loaded contrast agent and conjugated fluorochrome, PEG-PCL micelles as biodegradable and biocompatible nanocarriers are efficient multimodal imaging agents, offering high drug loading capacity, and sustained drug release. These might offer high treatment efficacy and real-time tracking of the drug delivery system in vivo, which is crucial for designing of an efficient drug delivery system.

  • 35.
    Ashour, Radwa M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Abdelhamid, Hani Nasser
    Abdel-Magied, Ahmed F.
    Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed A.
    Ali, M. M.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    Zou, Xiaodong
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Rare Earth Ions Adsorption onto Graphene Oxide Nanosheets2017In: Solvent extraction and ion exchange, ISSN 0736-6299, E-ISSN 1532-2262, Vol. 35, no 2, p. 91-103Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized and used as a coagulant of rare earth elements (REEs) from aqueous solution. Stability and adsorption capacities were exhibited for target REEs such as La(III), Nd(III), Gd(III), and Y(III). The parameters influencing the adsorption capacity of the target species including contact time, pH, initial concentration, and temperature were optimized. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were studied. The method showed quantitative recovery (99%) upon desorption using HNO3 acid (0.1 M) after a short contact time (15 min).

  • 36.
    Atwa, Mohamed M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Alaskalany, Ahmed
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Elgammal, Karim
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Smith, Anderson D.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Östling, Mikael
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Trilayer Graphene as a Candidate Material for Phase-Change Memory Applications2016In: MRS Advances, E-ISSN 2059-8521, Vol. 1, no 20, p. 1487-1494Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is pressing need in computation of a universal phase change memory consolidating the speed of RAM with the permanency of hard disk storage. A potentiated scanning tunneling microscope tip traversing the soliton separating a metallic, ABA-stacked phase and a semiconducting ABC-stacked phase in trilayer graphene has been shown to permanently transform ABA-stacked regions to ABC-stacked regions. In this study, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to assess the energetics of this phase-change and explore the possibility of organic functionalization using s-triazine to facilitate a reverse phase-change from rhombohedral back to Bernal in graphene trilayers. A significant deviation in the energy per simulated atom arises when s-triazine is adsorbed, favoring the transformation of the ABC phase to the ABA phase once more. A phase change memory device utilizing rapid, energy-efficient, reversible, field-induced phase-change in graphene trilayers could potentially revolutionize digital memory industry.

  • 37.
    Avila, Marta
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Burks, Terrance
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Akhtar, F.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Universtiy, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Lansåker, P. C.
    Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Surface functionalized nanofibers for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions2014In: Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN 1385-8947, E-ISSN 1873-3212, Vol. 245, p. 201-209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers functionalized with amine groups (PAN-NH2) were prepared using a simple one-step reaction route. The PAN-NH2 nanofibers were investigated for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption and the kinetic characteristics were evaluated in batch process. The adsorption process showed pH dependence and the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption occurred at pH = 2. The Langmuir adsorption model described well the experimental adsorption data and estimated a maximum loading capacity of 156 mg/g, which is a markedly high value compared to other adsorbents reported. The kinetics studies indicated that the equilibrium was attained after 90 min and the experimental data followed a pseudo-second order model suggesting a chemisorption process as the rate limiting step. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) species on PAN-NH2 was facilitated through both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation. High desorption efficiency (> 90%) of Cr(VI) was achieved using diluted base solutions that may allow the reuse of PAN-NH2 nanofibers.

  • 38. Awad, A. A.
    et al.
    Durrenfeld, P.
    Houshang, A.
    Dvornik, M.
    Iacocca, E.
    Dumas, R. K.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Long-range mutual synchronization of spin Hall nano-oscillators2017In: Nature Physics, ISSN 1745-2473, E-ISSN 1745-2481, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 292-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The spin Hall effect in a non-magnetic metal with spin-orbit coupling injects transverse spin currents into adjacent magnetic layers, where the resulting spin transfer torque can drive spin wave auto-oscillations. Such spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs) hold great promise as extremely compact and broadband microwave signal generators and magnonic spin wave injectors. Here we show that SHNOs can also be mutually synchronized with unprecedented efficiency. We demonstrate mutual synchronization of up to nine individual SHNOs, each separated by 300 nm. Through further tailoring of the connection regions we can extend the synchronization range to 4 mu m. The mutual synchronization is observed electrically as an increase in the power and coherence of the microwave signal, and confirmed optically using micro-Brillouin light scattering microscopy as two spin wave regions sharing the same spectral content, in agreement with our micromagnetic simulations.

  • 39.
    Awan, Kashif Masud
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
    Sanatinia, Reza
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Semiconductor Materials, HMA.
    Anand, Srinivasan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Semiconductor Materials, HMA.
    Nanostructuring of GaAs with tailored topologies using colloidal lithography and dry etching2014In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, ISSN 1071-1023, E-ISSN 1520-8567, Vol. 32, no 2, p. 021801-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The authors report on the fabrication of GaAs nanopillars with different profiles/topologies using colloidal lithography and dry etching. GaAs nanopillars with different shapes and dimensions were successfully fabricated using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. Two different etch chemistries CH4/H-2/Cl-2 and Ar/Cl-2 were investigated. The fabricated nanopillar arrays had a typical period of similar to 500 nm, and the depths could be varied from a few nanometers to 4 mu m. The CH4/H-2/Cl-2 chemistry with optimized gas flows and plasma powers is shown to produce nanopillars with smooth sidewalls compared to those fabricated with the Ar/Cl-2 chemistry. The GaAs nanopillar arrays have appreciably lower reflectivities in the measured wavelength range from 400 to 850 nm and are typically one order of magnitude lower compared to planar GaAs, which shows their potential for photovoltaic applications.

  • 40. Aziz, F.
    et al.
    Ouazzani, N.
    Mandi, L.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Composite nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile/natural clay for decontamination of water containing Pb(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and pesticides2017In: Separation science and technology (Print), ISSN 0149-6395, E-ISSN 1520-5754, Vol. 52, no 1, p. 58-70Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Composite nanofibers containing polyacrylonitrile and natural clay particles were fabricated and investigated for the removal of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption behavior of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) can be well described by the Langmuir adsorption model and high loading capacities at pH 7 were obtained. The kinetics of the adsorption process showed that equilibrium was attained after 60 min and the experimental data followed a pseudo-first-order model. The nanocomposites were also tested for photocatalytic degradation of Monocrotophos pesticides in which high degradation efficiency (>90%) was obtained in less than 60 min.

  • 41. Baber, Ashleigh E.
    et al.
    Xu, Fang
    Dvorak, Filip
    Mudiyanselage, Kumudu
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Senanayake, Sanjaya D.
    Sadowski, Jerzy T.
    Rodriguez, José A.
    Matolín, Vladimír
    White, Michael G.
    Stacchiola, Darío J.
    In Situ Imaging of Cu2O under Reducing Conditions: Formation of Metallic Fronts by Mass Transfer2013In: Journal of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0002-7863, E-ISSN 1520-5126, Vol. 135, no 45, p. 16781-16784Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Active catalytic sites have traditionally been analyzed based on static representations of surface structures and characterization of materials before or after reactions. We show here by a combination of in situ microscopy and spectroscopy techniques that, in the presence of reactants, an oxide catalyst's chemical state and morphology are dynamically modified. The reduction of Cu2O films is studied under ambient pressures (AP) of CO. The use of complementary techniques allows us to identify intermediate surface oxide phases and determine how reaction fronts propagate across the surface by massive mass transfer of Cu atoms released during the reduction of the oxide phase in the presence of CO. High resolution in situ imaging by AP scanning tunneling microscopy (AP-STM) shows that the reduction of the oxide films is initiated at defects both on step edges and the center of oxide terraces.

  • 42. Baber, Ashleigh E.
    et al.
    Yang, Xiaofang
    Kim, Hyun You
    Mudiyanselage, Kumudu
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Senanayake, Sanjaya D.
    Al-Mahboob, Abdullah
    Sadowski, Jerzy T.
    Evans, Jaime
    Rodriguez, Jose A.
    Liu, Ping
    Hoffmann, Friedrich M.
    Chen, Jingguang G.
    Stacchiola, Dario J.
    Stabilization of Catalytically Active Cu plus Surface Sites on TitaniumCopper Mixed-Oxide Films**2014In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition, ISSN 1433-7851, E-ISSN 1521-3773, Vol. 53, no 21, p. 5336-5340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The oxidation of CO is the archetypal heterogeneous catalytic reaction and plays a central role in the advancement of fundamental studies, the control of automobile emissions, and industrial oxidation reactions. Copper-based catalysts were the first catalysts that were reported to enable the oxidation of CO at room temperature, but a lack of stability at the elevated reaction temperatures that are used in automobile catalytic converters, in particular the loss of the most reactive Cu+ cations, leads to their deactivation. Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, it is shown how the incorporation of titanium cations in a Cu2O film leads to the formation of a stable mixed-metal oxide with a Cu+ terminated surface that is highly active for CO oxidation.

  • 43. Babkevich, P.
    et al.
    Jeong, M.
    Matsumoto, Y.
    Kovacevic, I.
    Finco, A.
    Toft-Petersen, R.
    Ritter, C.
    Månsson, Martin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ICMP, Lab Quantum Magnetism, Switzerland.
    Nakatsuji, S.
    Ronnow, H. M.
    Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Dipolar Antiferromagnets2016In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 116, no 19, article id 197202Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report ac susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron scattering measurements on a dipolar-coupled antiferromagnet LiYbF4. For the thermal transition, the order-parameter critical exponent is found to be 0.20(1) and the specific-heat critical exponent -0.25(1). The exponents agree with the 2D XY/h(4) universality class despite the lack of apparent two-dimensionality in the structure. The order-parameter exponent for the quantum phase transitions is found to be 0.35(1) corresponding to (2 + 1)D. These results are in line with those found for LiErF4 which has the same crystal structure, but largely different T-N, crystal field environment and hyperfine interactions. Our results therefore experimentally establish that the dimensional reduction is universal to quantum dipolar antiferromagnets on a distorted diamond lattice.

  • 44. Bagschik, K.
    et al.
    Frömter, R.
    Müller, L.
    Roseker, W.
    Bach, J.
    Staeck, P.
    Thönnißen, C.
    Schleitzer, S.
    Hårdensson Berntsen, Magnus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weier, C.
    Adam, R.
    Viefhaus, J.
    Schneider, C. M.
    Grübel, G.
    Oepen, H. P.
    Spatial coherence determination from the Fourier analysis of a resonant soft X-ray magnetic speckle pattern2016In: Optics Express, E-ISSN 1094-4087, Vol. 24, no 20, p. 23162-23176Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a method to determine the two-dimensional spatial coherence of synchrotron radiation in the soft X-ray regime by analyzing the Fourier transform of the magnetic speckle pattern from a ferromagnetic film in a multidomain state. To corroborate the results, a Young's double-pinhole experiment has been performed. The transverse coherence lengths in vertical and horizontal direction of both approaches are in a good agreement. The method presented here is simple and gives a direct access to the coherence properties of synchrotron radiation without nanostructured test objects.

  • 45. Bagschik, Kai
    et al.
    Froemter, Robert
    Bach, Judith
    Beyersdorff, Bjoern
    Mueller, Leonard
    Schleitzer, Stefan
    Berntsen, Magnus H.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. Deutsch Elekt Synchrotron DESY.
    Weier, Christian
    Adam, Roman
    Viefhaus, Jens
    Schneider, Claus Michael
    Gruebel, Gerhard
    Oepen, Hans Peter
    Employing soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering to study domain sizes and anisotropy in Co/Pd multilayers2016In: Physical Review B, ISSN 2469-9950, E-ISSN 2469-9969, Vol. 94, no 13, article id 134413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is demonstrated that themagnetic diffraction pattern of the isotropic disorderedmaze pattern is well described utilizing a gamma distribution of domain sizes in a one-dimensional model. From the analysis, the mean domain size and the shape parameter of the distribution are obtained. The model reveals an average domain size that is significantly different from the value that is determined from the peak position of the structure factor in reciprocal space. As a proof of principle, a wedge-shaped (Co-t angstrom/Pd-10 angstrom) 8 multilayer film, that covers the thickness range of the spin-reorientation transition, has been used. By means of soft x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS) and imaging techniques the thickness-driven evolution of the magnetic properties of the cobalt layers is explored. It is shown that minute changes of the domain pattern concerning domain size and geometry can be investigated and analyzed due to the high sensitivity and lateral resolution of the XRMS technique. The latter allows for the determination of the magnetic anisotropies of the cobalt layers within a thickness range of a few angstroms.

  • 46. Bai, Songang
    et al.
    Li, Qiang
    Zhang, Han
    Chen, Xingxing
    Luo, Si
    Gong, Hanmo
    Yang, Yuanqing
    Zhao, Ding
    Qiu, Min
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Optics and Photonics, OFO.
    Large third-order nonlinear refractive index coefficient based on gold nanoparticle aggregate films2015In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 107, no 14, article id 141111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Au nanoparticles show large third-order nonlinear effect and ultra-fast response. Here a high nonlinear aggregate film based on self-assembled gold nanoparticles is reported and its third-order nonlinear refractive index coefficient is measured by Z-scan experiment. The third-order nonlinear refractive index coefficient of the Au nanoparticle aggregate film (gamma(1) = 9.2 x 10(-9) cm(2)/W) is found to be larger than that of an 8-nm-thick sputtered Au film (gamma(2)= 6.5 x 10(-9) cm(2)/W). This large nonlinear effect can be attributed to the strong field enhancement due to localized plasmon resonances between Au nanoparticles. The result shows that the self-assembled Au nanoparticle aggregate film could be a promising candidate as a third-order nonlinear optical material.

  • 47. Balinsky, Michael
    et al.
    Haidar, Mohammad
    Ranjbar, Mojtaba
    Durrenfeld, Philipp
    Houshang, Afshin
    Slavin, Andrei
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Modulation of the Spectral Characteristics of a Nano-Contact Spin-Torque Oscillator via Spin Waves in an Adjacent Yttrium-Iron Garnet Film2016In: IEEE Magnetics Letters, ISSN 1949-307X, E-ISSN 1949-3088, Vol. 7, article id 3101704Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    NiFe-Cu-Co trilayer nano-contact spin-torque oscillators (NC-STOs) fabricated on an yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) film were studied in two different modes. In passive mode, i.e. without any NC-STO auto-oscillations, a microwave current through the nano-contact can excite spin waves (SW) in the YIG film, and, vice versa, antenna generated SWs in the YIG film can be detected by the nano-contact. In active mode, i.e., in the presence of auto-oscillations, significant changes appear in the NC-STO spectrum when its frequency approaches that of the SWs excited in the YIG. These results demonstrate strong coupling between NC-STOs and SWs in YIG and open new possibilities of 1) pure spin-current generation in YIG by NC-STOs; 2) mutual locking of a number of NC-STOs through SWs in YIG; and 3) improvement of NC-STO spectra through SW feedback in YIG.

  • 48. Balinsky, Michael
    et al.
    Ranjbar, Mojtaba
    Haidar, Mohammad
    Durrenfeld, Philipp
    Khartsev, Sergiy
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Slavin, Andrei
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dumas, Randy K.
    Spin Pumping and the Inverse Spin-Hall Effect via Magnetostatic Surface Spin-Wave Modes in Yttrium-Iron Garnet/Platinum Bilayers2015In: IEEE Magnetics Letters, ISSN 1949-307X, E-ISSN 1949-3088, Vol. 6, no 3000604Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spin pumping at a boundary between a yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) film and a thin platinum (Pt) layer is studied under conditions in which a magnetostatic surface spin wave (MSSW, or Damon-Eshbach mode) is excited in YIG by a narrow strip-line antenna. It is shown that the voltage created by the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) in Pt is strongly dependent on the wavevector of the excited MSSW. For YIG film thicknesses of 41 and 0.9 mu m, the maximum ISHE voltage corresponds to the maximum of efficiently excited MSSW wavevectors and does not coincide with the maximum of absorbed microwave power. For a thinner (0.175 mu m) YIG film, the maximum of the ISHE voltage moves closer to the ferromagnetic resonance and almost coincides with the region of the maximum microwave absorption. We show that the effect is related to the change in the thickness profile and the wavenumber spectrum of the excited MSSW taking place when the YIG film thickness is increased.

  • 49. Banerjee, Chandrima
    et al.
    Pal, Semanti
    Ahlberg, Martina
    Nguyen, T. N. Anh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics. Vietnam Acad Sci & Technol, Vietnam.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics. Univ Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Barman, Anjan
    All-optical study of tunable ultrafast spin dynamics in [Co/Pd]/NiFe systems: the role of spin-twist structure on Gilbert damping2016In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 6, no 83, p. 80168-80173Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate optically induced ultrafast magnetization dynamics in [Co(0.5 nm)/Pd(1 nm)](5)/NiFe(t) exchange-spring samples with tilted perpendicular magnetic anisotropy using a time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometer. The competition between the out-of-plane anisotropy of the hard layer, the in-plane anisotropy of the soft layer and the applied bias field reorganizes the spins in the soft layer, which are modified further with the variation in t. The spin-wave spectrum, the ultrafast demagnetization time, and the extracted damping coefficients - all depend on the spin distribution in the soft layer, while the latter two also depend on the spin-orbit coupling between the Co and Pd layers. The spin-wave spectra change from multimode to single-mode as t decreases. At the maximum field reached in this study, H = 2.5 kOe, the damping shows a nonmonotonic dependence on t with a minimum at t = 7.5 nm. For t < 7.5 nm, intrinsic effects dominate, whereas for t > 7.5 nm, extrinsic effects govern the damping mechanisms.

  • 50.
    Banuazizi, Seyed Amir Hossein
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Autonomous Systems for Characterization of Spin Torque Oscillators: Design, Production, Optimization and Measurement2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 30 credits / 45 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The Spin Torque Oscillator (STO) is a nano-scale electrical device, with a wide current and field tunability, highly promising for applications in next generation wide band microwave frequency generators, multifunction microwave components, ultra-fast microwave sensors, etc. For a better fundamental understanding of the functional properties of STOs it is important to develop flexible and easy-to-use characterization tools, in particular for routine test and characterization in preparation for a successful commercial applications. Most present measurement systems do not fulfill these qualities and have very low through-put. Therefore, an automated system including all capabilities for characterization of STO is indeed necessary in laboratories. In this work, two different setups for characterization of STO are proposed, designed and built. To increase measurement performance a high frequency (up to 60 GHz) measurement setup was designed and built based on the rotation of a large field electromagnet (up to 2 T), instead of rotating the sample as in older system. A second high frequency measurement setup utilizes a total of 5 degrees of freedom to rotate and position a permanent magnet with a magnetic field of 1 T. Moreover, as preliminary experimental investigation of STOs, the resistance of nanocantact (NC) STOs with different NC size and variation of the thickness of the Cu seed layer, was studied to find the real NC size based on Sharvin-Maxwell methods. The study resolves how the real resistance value of the NC and the resistance of the mesa varies. This will help to understand the microwave power delivery issues between the mesa and the NC and has direct applicability to the problem of impedance matching between these two sub-elements. This study will be finally useful to find a criteria for seed layer thickness and necessary NC size in order to get a high output power from STOs and will assist to design novel geometries of high power STO for commercial applications.

1234567 1 - 50 of 833
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf