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  • 1.
    Akay, Altug
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    A Novel Method to Intelligently Mine Social Media to Assess Consumer Sentiment of Pharmaceutical Drugs2017Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis focuses on the development of novel data mining techniques that convert user interactions in social media networks into readable data that would benefit users, companies, and governments. The readable data can either warn of dangerous side effects of pharmaceutical drugs or improve intervention strategies. A weighted model enabled us to represent user activity in the network, that allowed us to reflect user sentiment of a pharmaceutical drug and/or service. The result is an accurate representation of user sentiment. This approach, when modified for specific diseases, drugs, and services, can enable rapid user feedback that can be converted into rapid responses from consumers to industry and government to withdraw possibly dangerous drugs and services from the market or improve said drugs and services.

    Our approach monitors social media networks in real-time, enabling government and industry to rapidly respond to consumer sentiment of pharmaceutical drugs and services.

    Download full text (pdf)
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  • 2.
    Akay, Altug
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Dragomir, A.
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, US.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    A novel data-mining approach leveraging social media to monitor and respond to outcomes of diabetes drugs and treatment2013In: 2013 IEEE Point-of-Care Healthcare Technologies (PHT), New York: IEEE , 2013, p. 264-266Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel data-mining method was developed to gauge the experiences of medical devices and drugs by patients with diabetes mellitus. Self-organizing maps were used to analyze forum posts numerically to better understand user opinion of medical devices and drugs. The end-result is a word list compilation that correlates certain positive and negative word cluster groups with medical drugs and devices. The implication of this novel data-mining method could open new avenues of research into rapid data collection, feedback, and analysis that would enable improved outcomes and solutions for public health.

  • 3.
    Akay, Altug
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Dragomir, A
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    A Novel Data-Mining Approach Leveraging Social Media to Monitor Consumer Opinion of Sitagliptin2015In: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, ISSN 2168-2194, E-ISSN 2168-2208, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 389-396Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel data mining method was developed to gauge the experience of the drug Sitagliptin (trade name Januvia) by patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. To this goal, we devised a two-step analysis framework. Initial exploratory analysis using self-organizing maps was performed to determine structures based on user opinions among the forum posts. The results were a compilation of user's clusters and their correlated (positive or negative) opinion of the drug. Subsequent modeling using network analysis methods was used to determine influential users among the forum members. These findings can open new avenues of research into rapid data collection, feedback, and analysis that can enable improved outcomes and solutions for public health and important feedback for the manufacturer.

  • 4.
    Akay, Altug
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Dragomir, A.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    A novel data-mining platform leveraging social media to monitor outcomes of Januvia2013In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, IEEE conference proceedings, 2013, p. 7484-7487Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel data-mining method was developed to gauge the experiences of the diabetes mellitus drug Januvia. Self-organizing maps were used to analyze forum posts numerically to infer user opinion of drug Januvia. Graph theory was used to discover influential users. The result is a word list compilation correlating positive and negative word cluster groups and a web of influential users on Januvia. The implications could open new research avenues into rapid data collection, feedback, and analysis that would enable improved solutions for public health.

  • 5.
    Akay, Altug
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Dragomir, A
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Network-Based Modeling and Intelligent Data Mining of Social Media for Improving Care2015In: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, ISSN 2168-2194, E-ISSN 2168-2208, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 210-218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Intelligently extracting knowledge from social media has recently attracted great interest from the Biomedical and Health Informatics community to simultaneously improve healthcare outcomes and reduce costs using consumer-generated opinion. We propose a two-step analysis framework that focuses on positive and negative sentiment, as well as the side effects of treatment, in users' forum posts, and identifies user communities (modules) and influential users for the purpose of ascertaining user opinion of cancer treatment. We used a self-organizing map to analyze word frequency data derived from users' forum posts. We then introduced a novel network-based approach for modeling users' forum interactions and employed a network partitioning method based on optimizing a stability quality measure. This allowed us to determine consumer opinion and identify influential users within the retrieved modules using information derived from both word-frequency data and network-based properties. Our approach can expand research into intelligently mining social media data for consumer opinion of various treatments to provide rapid, up-to-date information for the pharmaceutical industry, hospitals, and medical staff, on the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of future treatments.

  • 6.
    Akay, Altug
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Dragomir, Andrei
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    A Novel-Data Mining Platform to Monitor the Outcomes of Erlontinib (Tarceva) using Social Media2014In: XIII Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing 2013, Springer, 2014, p. 1394-1397Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel data-mining method was developed to gauge the experiences of the oncology drug Tarceva. Self-organizing maps were used to analyze forum posts numerically to infer user opinion of drug Tarceva. The result is a word list compilation correlating positive and negative word cluster groups and a web of influential users on Tarceva. The implica-tions could open new research avenues into rapid data collec-tion, feedback, and analysis that would enable improved solu-tions for public health.

  • 7.
    Akay, Altug
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Dragomir, Andrei
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Assessing Antidepressants Using Intelligent Data Monitoring and Mining of Online Fora2016In: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, ISSN 2168-2194, E-ISSN 2168-2208, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 977-986Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Depression is a global health concern. Social networks allow the affected population to share their experiences. These experiences, when mined, extracted, and analyzed, can be converted into either warnings to recall drugs (dangerous side effects), or service improvement (interventions, treatment options) based on observations derived from user behavior in depression-related social networks. Our aim was to develop a weighted network model to represent user activity on social health networks. This enabled us to accurately represent user interactions by relying on the data's semantic content. Our three-step method uses the weighted network model to represent user's activity, and network clustering and module analysis to characterize user interactions and extract further knowledge from user's posts. The network's topological properties reflect user activity such as posts' general topic as well as timing, while weighted edges reflect the posts semantic content and similarities among posts. The result, a synthesis from word data frequency, statistical analysis of module content, and the modeled health network's properties, has allowed us to gain insight into consumer sentiment of antidepressants. This approach will allow all parties to participate in improving future health solutions of patients suffering from depression.

  • 8.
    Akay, Altug
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Dragomir, Andrei
    University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering.
    Mining Social Media Big Data for Health2015In: IEEE PulseArticle, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Advances in information technology (IT) and big data are affecting nearly every facet of the public and private sectors. Social media platforms are one example of such advances: its nature allows users to connect, collaborate, and debate on any topic with comparative ease. The result is a hefty volume of user-generated content that, if properly mined and analyzed, could help the public and private health care sectors improve the quality of their products and services while reducing costs. The users of these platforms are the key to these improvements, as their valuable feedback will help improve health solutions.

  • 9. Boman, Inga-Lill
    et al.
    Lundberg, Stefan
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Starkhammar, Sofia
    Nygard, Louise
    Exploring the usability of a videophone mock-up for persons with dementia and their significant others2014In: BMC Geriatrics, ISSN 1471-2318, E-ISSN 1471-2318, Vol. 14, p. 49-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Persons with dementia might have considerable difficulties in using an ordinary telephone. Being able to use the telephone can be very important in order to maintain their social network, getting stimulation and for reaching help when needed. Therefore, persons with dementia might need an easy-to-use videophone to prevent social isolation and to feel safe and independent. This study reports the evaluation of the usability of a touch-screen videophone mock-up for persons with dementia and their significant others. Methods: Four persons with dementia and their significant others tested the videophone mock-up at a living laboratory. In order to gain knowledge of the participants' with dementia ability to use their own computers and telephones, interviews and observations were conducted. Results: Overall, the participants had a very positive attitude towards the videophone. The participants with dementia perceived that it was useful, enjoyable and easy to use, although they initially had difficulties in understanding how to handle some functions, thus indicating that the design needs to be further developed to be more intuitive. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the videophone has the potential to enable telephone calls without assistance and add quality in communication.

  • 10. Borosund, Elin
    et al.
    Cvancarova, Milada
    Moore, Shirley M.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Ruland, Cornelia M.
    Preliminary Results Of Two Web-Based Interventions On Symptom Distress, Anxiety And Depression Among Breast Cancer Patients2014In: Annals of Behavioral Medicine, ISSN 0883-6612, E-ISSN 1532-4796, Vol. 47, p. S188-S188Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 11. Børøsund, E.
    et al.
    Cvancarova, M.
    Moore, S. M.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Ruland, C. M.
    Comparing effects in regular practice of e-communication and web-based self-management support among breast cancer patients: Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial2014In: Journal of Medical Internet Research, E-ISSN 1438-8871, Vol. 16, no 12, article id e295Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: While Web-based interventions have been shown to assist a wide range of patients successfully in managing their illness, few studies have examined the relative contribution of different Web-based components to improve outcomes. Further efficacy trials are needed to test the effects of Web support when offered as a part of routine care. Objective: Our aim was to compare in regular care the effects of (1) an Internet-based patient provider communication service (IPPC), (2) WebChoice, a Web-based illness management system for breast cancer patients (IPPC included), and (3) usual care on symptom distress, anxiety, depression, (primary outcomes), and self-efficacy (secondary outcome). This study reports preliminary findings from 6 months' follow-up data in a 12-month trial. Methods: We recruited 167 patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing treatment from three Norwegian hospitals. The nurse-administered IPPC allowed patients to send secure e-messages to and receive e-messages from health care personnel at the hospital where they were treated. In addition to the IPPC, WebChoice contains components for symptom monitoring, tailored information and self-management support, a diary, and communication with other patients. A total of 20 care providers (11 nurses, 6 physicians, and 3 social workers) were trained to answer questions from patients. Outcomes were measured with questionnaires at study entry and at study months 2, 4, and 6. Linear mixed models for repeated measures were fitted to compare effects on outcomes over time. Results: Patients were randomly assigned to the WebChoice group (n=64), the IPPC group (n=45), or the usual care group (n=58). Response rates to questionnaires were 73.7% (123/167) at 2 months, 65.9 (110/167) at 4 months, and 62.3% (104/167) at 6 months. Attrition was similar in all study groups. Among those with access to WebChoice, 64% (41/64) logged on more than once and 39% (25/64) sent e-messages to care providers. In the IPPC group, 40% (18/45) sent e-messages. Linear mixed models analyses revealed that the WebChoice group reported significantly lower symptom distress (mean difference 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.25, P=.001), anxiety (mean difference 0.79, 95% CI 0.09-1.49, P=.03), and depression (mean difference 0.79, 95% CI 0.09-1.49, P=.03) compared with the usual care group. The IPPC group reported significant lower depression scores compared with the usual care group (mean difference 0.69, 95% CI 0.05-1.32, P=.03), but no differences were observed for symptom distress or anxiety. No significant differences in self-efficacy were found among the study groups. Conclusions: In spite of practice variations and moderate use of the interventions, our results suggest that offering Web support as part of regular care can be a powerful tool to help patients manage their illness. Our finding that a nurse-administered IPPC alone can significantly reduce depression is particularly promising. However, the multicomponent intervention WebChoice had additional positive effects.

  • 12.
    Børøsund, Elin
    et al.
    Oslo University Hospital.
    Cvancarova, Milada
    Oslo University Hospital.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Moore, Shirley M
    Ruland, Cornelia
    Oslo University Hospital.
    How user characteristics affect use patterns in web-based illness management support for patients with breast and prostate cancer.2013In: Journal of medical Internet research, ISSN 1438-8871, Vol. 15, no 3, p. e34-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Frequently eHealth applications are not used as intended and they have high attrition rates; therefore, a better understanding of patients' need for support is warranted. Specifically, more research is needed to identify which system components target different patient groups and under what conditions.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore user characteristics associated with the use of different system components of a Web-based illness management support system for cancer patients (WebChoice).

    METHODS: For this secondary post hoc analysis of a large randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which WebChoice was tested among 325 breast cancer and prostate cancer patients who were followed with repeated measures for 1 year, usage patterns of 162 cancer patients in the intervention arm with access to WebChoice were extracted from the user log. Logistic regression was performed to identify patterns of associations between system use and patient characteristics. Latent class analyses (LCA) were performed to identify associations among the use of different system components and levels of social support, symptom distress, depression, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life.

    RESULTS: Approximately two-thirds (103/162, 63.6%) of the patients logged on to WebChoice more than once, and were defined as users. A high level of computer experience (odds ratio [OR] 3.77, 95% CI 1.20-11.91) and not having other illnesses in addition to cancer (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.02-4.34) increased the overall probability of using WebChoice. LCA showed that both men with prostate cancer and women with breast cancer who had low scores on social support accompanied with high levels of symptom distress and high levels of depression were more likely to use the e-message component. For men with prostate cancer, these variables were also associated with high use of the self-management advice component. We found important differences between men with prostate cancer and women with breast cancer when associations between WebChoice use and each user characteristic were analyzed separately. High use of all components was associated with low levels of social support among women with breast cancer, but not among men with prostate cancer. High use of e-messages, advice, and the discussion forum were associated with high levels of depression among women with breast cancer, but not among men with prostate cancer. For men with prostate cancer (but not women with breast cancer), high use of symptom assessments, advice, and the discussion forum were associated with high levels of symptom distress. However, it is unclear whether these findings can be attributed to differences related to diagnosis, gender, or both.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that different user characteristics are associated with different use patterns. Such information is crucial to target Web-based support systems to different patient groups. LCA is a useful technique to identify subgroups of users. In our study, e-messages and self-management advice were highly used components for patients who had low levels of social support and high illness burden, suggesting that patients with these characteristics may find such tools particularly useful.

  • 13. Børøsund, Elin
    et al.
    Ruland, Cornelia M
    Moore, Shirley
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Nurses' experiences of using an interactive tailored patient assessment tool one year past implementation2013In: International Journal of Medical Informatics, ISSN 1386-5056, E-ISSN 1872-8243, Vol. 83, no 7, p. E23-E34Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Despite evidence of benefits, integration of patient-centered communication in clinical practice is challenging. Interactive tailored patient assessment (ITPA) tools can contribute to a more patient-centered care approach. However, little research has examined the impact of such tools on nursing care once they have been implemented.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore nurses' experiences of the benefits of and barriers to using an ITPA called Choice, in cancer care one year after its implementation.

    METHODS: This investigation is a part of a larger study examining the use of Choice in cancer care. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 20 nurses experienced in using the Choice application. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

    RESULTS: Three themes and nine sub-themes emerged: (1) "Choice as facilitator for shared understanding and engagement in patients' own care," with three sub-themes: preparing both patient and nurse for communication, shared engagement in care planning, and giving the patients a voice; (2) "enhancing the patients' strengths," with two sub-themes: releasing patient's internal strengths and confirming "normalcy" for the patient; and (3) "new challenges for the nurse," with four sub-themes: organizational challenges, interactions with technology, a need for training in communication skills, and new ethical challenges.

    CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that, from nurses' perspectives, integration of ITPAs such as Choice in clinical practice offers many benefits that can contribute to patient-centered care. However, to reap these benefits, use of such tools must receive equal priority as other routines, and require sufficient time, space and competence. Choice also challenged nurses' professional roles and created dilemmas such as nurses' ambivalence regarding patients' levels of disclosure of sensitive issues and the nurses' ability to respond to them. Although patient-centered care is advocated as model for good clinical practice, this is not always internalized. Tools such as Choice may help to make such a shift happen.

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  • 14. Cook, R. I.
    et al.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management. Karolinska Institute.
    Reflections on resilience: Repertoires and system features2016In: Resilient Health Care: Reconciling Work-as-Imagined and Work-as-Done, Informa UK Limited , 2016, Vol. 3, p. 111-118Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 15. Daudi, M.
    et al.
    Hauge, Jannicke B.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Thoben, K. -D
    Behavioral factors influencing partner trust in logistics collaboration: a review2016In: Logistics Research, ISSN 1865-035X, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Logistics collaboration has emerged a prevalent strategy to mitigate challenge individuals and organizations encounter. A successful collaboration, however, depends on certain trustworthy behaviors partner exhibit. To that end, understanding aspects constituting behavioral uncertainty and mechanisms by which such aspects affect partner trust is a necessary. This necessity counts on emergent behavioral trust uncertainties, constituted by partner’s actions and interactions occurring during collaboration. While this is a necessary requirement, most of the studies in the literature lack to take into account the influence of behavioral uncertainty on collaboration and partner trust. To that effect, this paper uncovers outlined limitation by establishing behavioral factors influencing partner trust in operational stage of logistics collaboration. To accomplish this objective, a systematic literature review (SLR) is deployed to consolidate research domains of logistics, supply chain, collaboration, and trust. SLR proceeds by defining a review protocol, followed by a search process conducted in 5 databases using 20 search terms on articles published between 2001 and 2015 inclusively. Among findings this SLR has revealed are four behavioral factors and thirteen criteria proposed to affect partner trust. Additionally, these factors constitute success and measurable criteria needed for empirical investigation which may employ experimental and/or case-study methods. Moreover, synthesized factors extend further an understanding of behavioral trust in ad hoc collaborative networks, a large part of which being supported by networks of humans and computers.

  • 16.
    Ekstedt, Mathias
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power and Energy Systems.
    Dahlgren, Anna
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Safe care also in the home: a future challenge2015In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 112, no 22, p. 1040-1041Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 17.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Cook, Richard
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Expressions of resilience are dependent on investments in systemic degrees of freedom: A case from specialized in-home care2014In: 3rd Nordic Conference on Research in Patient Safety and Quality in Healthcare, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Cook, Richard
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    The Stockholm Blizzard 20122014In: Resilient Health Care, Volume 2: The Resilience of Everyday Clinical Work / [ed] Hollnagel,E.,Braithwaite,J.,Woods,DD, Ashgate, 2014Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Dahlgren, Anna
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management. Karolinska institutet, Sweden.
    Säker vård även i hemmet en framtida utmaning2015In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 112, no 22, p. 1-2Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Nyberg, Gisela
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Ingre, Michael
    Stockholm University.
    Ekblom, Örjan
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Marcus, Claude
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Sleep, physical activity and BMI in six to ten-year-old children measured by accelerometry: a cross-sectional study2013In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, E-ISSN 1479-5868, Vol. 10, no 82Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The aim of this study is to describe the relationship between objective measures of sleep, physical activity and BMI in Swedish pre-adolescents. The day-to-day association between physical activity and sleep quality as well as week-day and weekend pattern of sleep is also described. Method: We conducted a cross sectional study consisted of a cohort of 1.231 children aged six to ten years within the Stockholm county area. Sleep and physical activity were measured by accelerometry during seven consecutive days. Outcome measures are total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep start and sleep end; physical activity intensity divided into: sedentary (<1.5 METS), light (1.5 to 3 METS) and moderate-to-vigorous (> 3 METS); and Body Mass Index standard deviations score, BMIsds. Results: Total sleep time decreased with increasing age, and was shorter in boys than girls on both weekdays and weekends. Late bedtime but consistent wake-up time during weekends made total sleep time shorter on weekends than on weekdays. Day-to-day within-subject analysis revealed that moderate-to-vigorous intense physical activity promoted an increased sleep efficiency the following night (CI < 0.001 to 0.047), while total sleep time was not affected (CI -0.003 to 0.043). Neither sleep duration (CI -0.024 to 0.022) nor sleep efficiency (CI -0.019 to 0.028) affected mean physical activity level the subsequent day. The between-subject analysis indicates that the sleep of children characterized by high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the day was frequently interrupted (SE = -. 23, P < .01). A negative association between BMIsds and sleep duration was found (-. 10, p < .01). Conclusions: Short sleep duration was associated with high BMI in six to ten year old children. This study underscores the importance of consistent bedtimes throughout the week for promoting sleep duration in preadolescents. Furthermore, this study suggests that a large proportion of intensive physical activity during the day might promote good sleep quality.

  • 21.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Stenberg, Una
    Olsson, Mariann
    Ruland, Cornelia M.
    Health Care Professionals' Perspectives of the Experiences of Family Caregivers During In-Patient Cancer Care2014In: Journal of Family Nursing, ISSN 1074-8407, E-ISSN 1552-549X, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 462-486Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Being a family member of a patient who is being treated in an acute care setting for cancer often involves a number of challenges. Our study describes Norwegian cancer care health professionals' perceptions of family members who served as family caregivers (FCs) and their need for support during the in-hospital cancer treatment of their ill family member. Focus group discussions were conducted with a multidisciplinary team of 24 experienced social workers, physicians, and nurses who were closely involved in the patients' in-hospital cancer treatment and care. Drawing on qualitative hermeneutic analysis, four main themes describe health professionals' perceptions of FCs during the patient's in-hospital cancer care: an asset and additional burden, infinitely strong and struggling with helplessness, being an outsider in the center of care, and being in different temporalities. We conclude that it is a challenge for health care professionals to support the family and create room for FC's needs in acute cancer care. System changes are needed in health care, so that the patient/FC dyad is viewed as a unit of care in a dual process of caregiving, which would enable FCs to be given space and inclusion in care, with their own needs simultaneously considered alongside those of the patient.

  • 22.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Ödegård, Synnöve
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Exploring Gaps in Cancer Care Using a Systems Safety Perspective2015In: Cognition, Technology & Work, ISSN 1435-5558, E-ISSN 1435-5566, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 5-13Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gaps in the continuity of care may appear as losses of information or momentum or as interruptions in the delivery of care. To systematically improve patient safety, we need to know more about how gaps in the continuity of health care are identified and mitigated. This study seeks to describe healthcare professionals’ understanding of how they anticipate, detect and handle gaps in cancer care. Ten focus-group interviews and two individual interviews were conducted with a total of 34 cancer-care professionals (physicians, nurses, managers and administrators)from three counties in mid-Sweden. Various specialties in cancer care were covered: primary care, inhospital care, palliative care, advanced home are, and children’s care. Interviews were analyzed inductively using qualitative content analysis. The results show that patient safety in cancer care is dependent on a resilient organization that is capable of anticipation, monitoring, adapting and learning at all levels of care. The professionals anticipated gaps in situations where contacts between healthcare providers were limited and when they were faced by time or resource constraints. The extent to which aps could be managed by professionals at the sharp end was largely determined by their bility to adapt to complex and unexpected situations in their daily work. The management of gaps was perceived differently by managers and clinicians, however. The study also indicates hat the continuity of care could be improved by patients’ participation in decisions about reatments and care plans, and by a mutual responsibility for the transfer of information and knowledge across professional boundaries. These results are discussed from a resilience ngineering perspective, and they emphasize the management’s responsibility to address gaps identified in the system. Designing resilient healthcare organizations enables professionals at  the sharp end to prevent human error or mitigate its consequences.

  • 23.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Ödegård, Synnöve
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Patients Safety in cancer care from a systems perspective2012In: : The 2nd Nordic Conference in Patient Safety and Healthcare, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Overview of international standardization in informatics2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 25.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Overview on international standards activities related to software2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Safety Management and Accident Forensics2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 27.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Säkerhetsbegrepp och krav på informationssäkerhet vid användning av medicintekniska produkter inom vård och omsorg2015Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med innevarande forskningsaktivitet är att analysera och jämföra säkerhetsbegrepp och krav på informationssäkerhet i EN 80001-1:2011 (11) och ISO 27000 serien (12). Analysen skall belysa hur EN 80001-1:2011 kan tillämpas vid CE-märkning och hur den påverkar informationssäkerheten. Målet är att resultaten skall vara en bas för hur säkerhetsarbetet enligt de två standarderna påverkar verksamheten.

  • 28.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Varför köper vi sämre alternativ då det finns billigare och bättre?2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Brodin, Lars-Åke
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering.
    Medicinsk säkerhet2016In: Anestesi / [ed] Sten GE Lindahl, Ola Winsö, Jonas Åkeson, Stockholm: Liber AB , 2016, 3, p. 168-173Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    et al.,
    Slutrapport RO 2013:02: Dödsfall på hjärtklinikens hjärtintensivavdelning N25 vid Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna, den 17 oktober 20102013Report (Other academic)
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  • 31.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Waldenström, A
    Adverse Events In Healthcare: How do we take into account the experience for safer care?2014In: Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology and Imaging, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Waldenström, Anders
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Olyckor och tillbud inom vården: Erfarenheter för en säkrare vård2014In: MTD, 2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    I oktober 2010 en patient dog vid enheten för hjärtintensivvård vid Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Stockholm. StatensHaverikommission (SHK) beslutade att för första gången någonsin att utreda en negativ händelse som inträffade inom vården.

  • 33.
    Etehad Tavakol, Mahnaz
    et al.
    Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
    Fatemi, Alimohammad
    Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
    Karbalaie, Abdolamir
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering.
    Emrani, Zahra
    Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Nailfold Capillaroscopy in Rheumatic Diseases: Which Parameters Should Be Evaluated?2015In: BioMed Research International, ISSN 2314-6133, E-ISSN 2314-6141, Vol. 2015, article id 974530Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Video nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), considered as an extension of the widefield technique, allows a more accurate measuring andstoring of capillary data and a better defining, analyzing, and quantifying of capillary abnormalities. Capillaroscopic study is oftenperformed on the patients suspected of having microcirculation problems such as Raynaud’s phenomenon as the main indicationfor nailfold capillaroscopy. Capillaroscopic findings based on microcirculation studies can provide useful information in the fieldsof pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and monitoring therapy. Nailfold capillaroscopy provides a vital assessment in clinicalpractices and research; for example, its reputation in the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis is well established and it is also usedas a classification criterion in this regard. This review focuses on the manner of performing video nailfold capillaroscopy and on acommon approach for measuring capillary dimensions in fingers and toes.

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  • 34.
    Glimskär, Bo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    Hjalmarson, Jenny
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    Lundberg, Stefan
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management. KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    Larsson, Tore J.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    A walker used as a lifting device2014In: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, ISSN 1748-3107, E-ISSN 1748-3115, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 264-269Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To develop assistive technology that would help an older person to arise from a kneeling position to a standing one. Methods: Developing a prototype, based on an inclusive design and then testing the prototype to verify the approach. The prototype was subsequently tested by a panel of 20 elderly users. These tests were observed and filmed. Participants' experiences of being lifted with the elevation seat were registered with the VIDAR ergonomic assessment system. Result: None of the 20 participants used a walker at that time. In response to a question of whether, assuming they might have to use a walker in the future, they thought that a walker with an elevating seat would be helpful, 18 said that it would. Two of the participants did not believe that they would ever have to use a walker. Conclusion: A simple assistive technology such as a walker equipped with an elevating seat would in many of these cases simplify matters and reduce the distress of people who fall often. In addition, such a device can allow people who fall often to live in their homes longer. For caregivers dealing frequently with people who fall, this assistive device can contribute to decreasing occupational injuries.

  • 35. Grönvall, Erik
    et al.
    Lundberg, Stefan
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management. KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    On Challenges Designing the Home as a Place for Care2014In: Pervasive Health: State-of-the-art and Beyond / [ed] Holzinger, A., et al., Springer Netherlands, 2014, p. 19-45Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Traditionally, there has been much attention on workplace studies and design for work within the HCI (Human Computer Interaction) and CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) communities. Those communities have recently shown an increasing interest in healthcare and especially non-professional care settings such as patients’ private homes. When healthcare is moved from clinical settings to private homes, more attention is put on the care receiver, his/her everyday life and private home. In contrast with the hospital, the home however is not designed as a place for care. Moving healthcare activities, including treatment of severe diseases to private homes and other non-clinical settings (e.g. the patient’s workplace or vacation resorts) not prepared for these care activities may have severe consequences. In fact, the relocation of care may challenge, on different levels, the patients, their caregivers and society at large. This chapter presents and discusses seven challenges that the authors argue are important to consider when designing for holistic and sustainable home-based healthcare. Examples of these challenges are: Societal concerns, Complexity of care providers, Heterogeneity of care providers and Installation and maintenance. These challenges include law and legislation related aspects, environmental issues and the feasibility of large-scale deployment of home-care designs. The challenges discussed in this chapter have not been satisfactorily taken into account by the existing homecare designs and HCI research. Our chapter suggests that designers and HCI practitioners must be aware of, and reflect upon how these challenges can affect the value, feasibility and a wider implementation of their homecare designs.

  • 36. Gustafson, P.
    et al.
    Ahlberg, J.
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Lindh, M.
    Härenstam, K. P.
    Rutberg, H.
    Säkrare svensk sjukvård kräver sammanhållet och uthålligt arbete2015In: Läkartidningen, ISSN 0023-7205, E-ISSN 1652-7518, Vol. 112, no 25-26Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite a development in Swedish patient safety work in recent years, unambiguous results are missing. Here we propose some activities that will result in improved patient safety. Patients and employees are a strong driving force, and should be given a more important role. The level of education in patient safety must be raised in all levels in the system. Efective systems for learning, sharing and follow-up need to be reinforced. The understanding on how the health-care system adapts to varying circumstances, resilience, needs development. The knowledge basis of what constitutes and creates safety in psychiatry, paediatric care, primary care, and in care of the elderly must be developed.

  • 37. Hakanson, Cecilia
    et al.
    Sandberg, Jonas
    Ekstedt, Mirjam
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Sarenmalm, Elisabeth Kenne
    Christiansen, Mats
    Ohlen, Joakim
    Providing Palliative Care in a Swedish Support Home for People Who Are Homeless2016In: Qualitative Health Research, ISSN 1049-7323, E-ISSN 1552-7557, Vol. 26, no 9, p. 1252-1262Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Despite high frequencies of multiple, life-limiting conditions relating to palliative care needs, people who are homeless are one of the most underserved and rarely encountered groups in palliative care settings. Instead, they often die in care places where palliative competence is not available. In this qualitative single-case study, we explored the conditions and practices of palliative care from the perspective of staff at a Swedish support home for homeless people. Interpretive description guided the research process, and data were generated from repeated reflective conversations with staff in groups, individually, and in pairs. The findings disclose a person-centered approach to palliative care, grounded in the understanding of the person's health/illness and health literacy, and how this is related to and determinant on life as a homeless individual. Four patterns shape this approach: building trustful and family-like relationships, re-dignifying the person, re-considering communication about illness and dying, and re-defining flexible and pragmatic care solutions.

  • 38.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Optimization of radiation doses in panoramic X-ray examination using automated image processing2014In: IST 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques, Proceedings, 2014, p. 361-364Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Radiological techniques based on X-rays are well established in medical diagnostics and there are known risks associated with the use of ionizing radiation like X-rays. That explains why the X-ray technology is constantly under development in the pursuit of new technologies that can contribute to reduce radiation dose to patients. Since the reduction of a radiation dose generally results in a poorer image quality, we have investigated whether the use of digital image processing can provide panoramic radiographs with enhanced image quality. An automated image processing algorithm was proposed and employed for this purpose. Panoramic X-ray examination is an important and common tool in dental radiology, used especially for children and teenagers. The technique is used to create an overview of a patient's jaw.

  • 39.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Azar, J. C.
    Automatic characterization of the physiological condition of the carotid artery in 2D ultrasound image sequences using spatiotemporal and spatiospectral 2D maps2014In: International Journal of Biomedical Imaging, ISSN 1687-4188, E-ISSN 1687-4196, Vol. 2014, article id 876267Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel method for characterizing and visualizing the progression of waves along the walls of the carotid artery is presented. The new approach is noninvasive and able to simultaneously capture the spatial and the temporal propagation of wavy patterns along the walls of the carotid artery in a completely automated manner. Spatiotemporal and spatiospectral 2D maps describing these patterns (in both the spatial and the frequency domains, resp.) were generated and analyzed by visual inspection as well as automatic feature extraction and classification. Three categories of cases were considered: pathological elderly, healthy elderly, and healthy young cases. Automatic differentiation, between cases of these three categories, was achieved with a sensitivity of 97.1% and a specificity of 74.5%. Two features were proposed and computed to measure the homogeneity of the spatiospectral 2D map which presents the spectral characteristics of the carotid artery wall's wavy motion pattern which are related to the physical, mechanical (e.g., elasticity), and physiological properties and conditions along the artery. These results are promising and confirm the potential of the proposed method in providing useful information which can help in revealing the physiological condition of the cardiovascular system.

  • 40.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Azar, Jimmy C
    Centre for Image Analysis, Uppsala University.
    Semi-Automated Classification of the Physiological Condition of the Carotid Artery in 2D Ultrasound Image Sequences2014In: WSEAS Transactions on Biology and Biomedicine, ISSN 1109-9518, E-ISSN 2224-2902, ISSN E-ISSN 2224-2902, Vol. 11, p. 35-44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract: -A novel automated method for the classification of the physiological condition of the carotid arteryin 2D ultrasound image sequences is introduced. Unsupervised clustering was applied for the segmentationprocess in which both spatial and temporal information was utilized. Radial distension is then measured in theinner surface of the vessel wall, and this characteristic signal is extracted to reveal the detailed radial motion ofthe variable inner part of the vessel wall that is in contact with flowing blood. Characteristic differences in thistime signal were noticed among healthy young, healthy elderly and pathological elderly cases. The discreteFourier transform of the radial distension signal is then computed, and the area subtended by the transform iscalculated and utilized as a diagnostic feature. The method was tested successfully and could differentiateamong the categories of patients mentioned above. Therefore, this computer-aided method would significantlysimplify the task of medical specialists in detecting any defects in the carotid artery and thereby in detectingearly cardiovascular symptoms. The significance of the proposed method is that it is intuitive, semi-automatic,reproducible, and significantly reduces the reliance upon subjective measures.

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  • 41.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Kothapalli, Satya V.V.N
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering.
    Evaluation of Dental Implant Osseointegration Using Ultrasonic Spectrometry: A Phantom Study2014In: WSEAS Transactions on Signal Processing, ISSN 1790-5052, Vol. 10, no 1, p. 194-204Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the challenging and important problems that still needs solution within the field of dental implant surgery is to monitor the osseointegration process. Therefore, this work aims to achieve a reliable noninvasive automatic method to evaluate dental implant stability which is directly related to the grade of osseointegration. For this purpose, an experimental phantom study was performed to simulate this process and evaluate it. Ultrasonic pectrometry was proposed and used to take measurements that were processed and analyzed to estimate the stability of the simulated dental implant. The phantom that was  designed and used in the experiments simulated a jawbone with a dental implant and was made of a little pool filled with soft-tissueequivalent material (with respect to ultrasound waves) and a solid cylinder of fresh oak-wood immersed into it to simulate the jawbone. A metal screw was used to simulate the dental implant. By screwing this screw into or out of the wooden cylinder, varying grades of stiffness and contact between the screw and the wooden tissues were obtained. And by this way, varying screw stability grades which simulate varying osseointegration grades were achieved. Pulse-echo ultrasound was used to measure the power spectra of the received ultrasonic echosignals. These power spectra were, at first, processed and normalized then analyzed by using the partial least squares method to estimate the corresponding implant stability or stiffness grades. The number of screwing turns (for the screw into or out of the wooden cylinder) was used as a measure of stiffness grade.The feasibility of this approach was investigated through experimental tasks and  romising results were achieved. A coefficient of determination R2 of 96.4% and a mean absolute error of ±0.23 screwing turns were achieved when comparing real and estimated  stiffness-grade values, indicating the high efficiency and good accuracy of this approach.

  • 42.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Kothapalli, Satya V.V.N
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Medical Engineering, Medical Imaging.
    Using Ultrasonic Spectrometry to Estimate the Stability of a Dental Implant Phantom2013In: Engineering, ISSN 1947-3931, E-ISSN 1947-394X, Vol. 5, p. 570-574Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A challenging problem in dental implant surgery is to evaluate the stability of the implant. In this simulation study, an experimental phantom is used to represent a jawbone with a dental implant. It is made of a little pool filled with soft-tissue equivalent material and a disc of fresh Oakwood with a metal screw. Varying levels of contact between screw and wood are simulated by screwing in or out the screw. Initially, the screw is screwed in and fixed firmly in wood. Thereafter, the screw is screwed out, a half turn each time, to increase the gap gradually between wood and screw. Pulse-echo ultrasound is used and the power spectra of the received echo-signals are computed. These spectra are normalized then analyzed by using the partial least squares method to estimate the corresponding implant stiffness grade in terms of number of turns when beginning from the initial tight-screw state then screwing out the screw. A coefficient of determination R2 of 96.4% and a mean absolute error of ±0.23 turns are achieved when comparing real and estimated values of stiffness grades, indicating the efficiency of this approach.

  • 43.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering.
    Moustafa, A.N.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Hassan, Moustapha
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital.
    Temperaturvariationsanalys för hudcancerscreening, Poster, Barncancerfondens tredje konferens2013In: Barncancerfondens tredje konferens: Medicinsk Teknik för Barn med Cancer, 2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här studien visar att det är möjligt att detektera tydliga temperaturskillnader mellan cancervävnad och frisk vävnad. Detta kan vara ett resultat av både angiogenes (processen som leder till nybildning av blodkärl från de minsta befintliga blodkärl) och ökad ämnesomsättning hos cancerceller (medan cancertumörer formas) jämfört med friska normala celler, som ändrar och ökar intensiteten av den termiska IR-strålningen inom cancervävnads områden. Temperaturförändringarna detekterades genom mätningar av termisk IR-strålning inom våglängdsområdet 8-14 μm. Intensiva experiment utfördes på möss med hudcancer. Cancerområdet hade i genomsitt 0.3 – 0.5 °C högre temperatur än de friska grannområdena. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa statistiska metoder användes för att analysera dessa mätningar. Analysresultaten verifierar användbarheten av att mäta termisk IR-strålning för att kunna detektera hudcancerområden.

  • 44.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering.
    Raghavendra, Jammalamadaka
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Optomyografi (OMG): Ny teknik för muskelaktivitets mätning2015In: Abstract Proceedings of Medicinteknik dagarna 2015, 2015Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Introduktion / Mål

    Den nya tekniken är effektivare och har inte de brister som de existerande teknikerna (elektromyografi EMG och mekanomyografi MMG) lider av, exempelvis, lågt signal till brus förhållande (SNR), interferens med andra biosignaler, interferens med externa signaler från omgivningen, påverkas av hudegenskaperna, komplicerad installation och kalibrering, kan inte användas vid extrema förhållanden, kan inte användas i rymden eller under vatten. Den nya tekniken används av:

    *Idrottare: för att optimera träningen.

    *Patienter och handikappade personer som lider av rörelsestörningar, svaga händer, amputerade händer, rygg eller nackskador.

    *Astronauter: för människa-dator interaktion och robotstyrning.

    Metod

    Den nya tekniken använder fotoelektriska sensorer som mäter reflekterade närainfraröda strålar från hudytan. Den reflekterade signalen varierar då topografiska förändringar, på landskapet som formas av hudytan, sker. Nästan inga bio- eller omgivande signaler interfererar med närainfraröda strålar. Hudens kemiska och fysiska egenskaper påverkar inte heller mätsignalernas kvalitet. Därför registreras signaler av hög SNR. Ytterligare fördelar med den nya tekniken är att den är kostnadseffektiv, mobil, användarvänlig, icke-invasiv och riskfri. Ett armband med två sensorer används för att mäta kontinuerliga tidssignaler när försökspersonen utför ett antal handrörelser.

    Resultat

    Olika handrörelser producerar olika signaler som mäts med hjälp av ett oscilloskop. Varje rörelse ger två signaler eller ett signalpar som skiljer sig från de signalpar som produceras av andra handrörelser.

    Sammanfattning

    Fotoelektriska sensorer används för att mäta reflekterade närainfraröda strålar från huden. Olika muskelaktiviteter och rörelser förändrar topografin av landskapet som formas av hudytan. Miniatyr lysdiod-sensor par byggs in i kläder för att mäta och analysera muskelaktivitet och rörelse. Mätvärdena skickas trådlöst till mobilen för att analyseras och ge återkoppling i realtid för att varna och optimera tränings eller rehabiliterings aktiviteterna.

  • 45.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering.
    Raghavendra, Jammalamadaka
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Optomyography (OMG): A Novel Technique for the Detection of Muscle Surface Displacement Using Photoelectric Sensors2015In: Measurements - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Bioelectromagnetism, International Society for Bioelectromagnetism, 2015, Vol. 10Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several techniques have been introduced for detecting, measuring, processing and analyzing the signals generated during muscular activities. With the development of more advanced technical solutions, the measurement and analysis of these signals help not only to understand the medical abnormalities and characterization of muscle activities but also to develop human machine interfaces of higher efficiency. In this work, a novel technique to detect and measure the displacement caused on the surface of the skin due to muscle activities was introduced and developed using near-infrared photoelectric sensors. The new technique was coined as OptoMyoGraphy (OMG). In order to evaluate the new technique, real-time pairs of signals were registered using two photoelectric sensors measuring near-infrared rays reflected on the forearm while moving the hand to make a number of different gestures. Different pairs of signals, changing over time and showing repeated patterns while repeating the same hand gesture, were measured for different hand gesture. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of these signals was good enough to be able to differentiate among the pairs of signals which correspond to different hand gestures using visual inspection.

  • 46.
    Hjalmarson, Jenny
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    Lundberg, Stefan
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management. KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    Work Postures When Assisting People at the Toilet2015In: Ergonomics in design, ISSN 1064-8046, E-ISSN 2169-5083, Vol. 23, no 2, p. 16-22Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to analyze the home care workers’ movement patterns and postures of their backs, relating them to risks while helping an ambulatory care recipient to/from the toilet in a homelike environment. We found severe risks of unpredictable movements with exposed postures could explain many injuries. Because of high risk injuries, we suggest decreasing the time when the care recipient stands and the home care worker helps with clothing and personal hygiene. Another suggestion to decrease high risk is development of support in front of the recipient to prevent her/him falling forward.

  • 47.
    Jönsson, Marthina
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Automated methods in the diagnosing of retinal images2012Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report contains a summation of a variety of articles that have been read and analysed. Each article describes different methods that can be used to detect lesions, optic disks, drusen and exudates in retinal images. I.e. diagnose e.g. Diabetic Retinopathy and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. A general approach is presented, which all methods more or less is based on.

    Methods to locate the optic disk

    • The PCA 
    • kNN Regression
    • Hough Transform
    • Fuzzy Convergence
    • Vessel Direction Matched Filter
    • Etc.

    The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is kNN regression. The result of this method is remarkably good and that brings some doubt about its reliability. Though the method was published at IEEE and that gives the method a more trustful look. A next best method which also is very useful is Vessel Direction Matched Filter.

    Methods to detect drusen – diagnose Age-Related Macular Degeneration

    • PNN classifier
    • Histogram approach
    • Etc.

    The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is the PNN classifier. The method had a sensitivity of 94 % and a specificity of 95 %. 300 images were used in the experiment which was published by the IEEE in 2011.

    Methods to detect exudates – diagnose Diabetic Retinopathy

    • Morphological techniques
    • Luv colour space, Wiener filter an Canny edge detector.

    The best method based on result, reliability, number of images and publisher is an experiment called “Feature Extraction”. The method includes the Luv colour space, Wiener filter (remove noise) and the Canny edge detector.

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  • 48.
    Karbalaie, Abdolamir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH).
    Fatemi, Alimohammad
    Department of Rheumatology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
    Etehadtavakol, Mahnaz
    Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Health Informatics. Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute (KI).
    Emrani, Zahra
    Medical Image and Signal Processing Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Counting Capillaries in Nailfold Capillaroscopy:State of the Art and a Proposed Method2016In: 2016 IEEE EMBS CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES (IECBES), IEEE, 2016, , p. 5p. 170-174Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Capillaries play a crucial role in the microcirculatory system by exchanging metabolic substrates and waste products between blood and various tissues. The behavior of capillaries is affiliated with the number of capillaries per unit volume of tissue. Among the various noninvasive techniques available for analyzing skin microcirculation, nailfold capillaroscopyis considered to be a simple and easy-to-perform technique that allows a direct in-vivo visualization of the capillary network.Capillary density is one of the most important parameters in the studies involving capillaroscopy images. Capillary density in most of studies is defined as the number of capillaries in a one-millimeter span of the distal row in each finger or toe. This definition is silent about counting or excluding the number of the capillary with different shapes. However, there is no single standard for counting the number of capillaries in a span of one millimeter. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for determining the nailfold capillary density. This method is a modified combination of two existing techniques: the direct observation and the 90◦ method.Compared to the two existing approaches, the proposed method is more straightforward and easy to use for cases in which the capillaries have different shapes and sizes. Through different examples, we have shown how this method can be used to select the apex point of the capillary and subsequently count the number of capillaries with several papillae.

  • 49.
    Karbalaie, Abdolamir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Erlandsson, Björn-Erik
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Using Homo-Separation of Variables for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Fractional Partial Differential Equations2013In: International journal of mathematics and mathematical sciences, ISSN 0161-1712, E-ISSN 1687-0425, Vol. 2013, p. 8-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new method proposed and coined by the authors as the homo-separation of variables method is utilized to solve systems oflinear and nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). The new method is a combination of two well-establishedmathematical methods, namely, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and the separation of variables method. Whencompared to existing analytical and numerical methods, the method resulting from our approach shows that it is capable ofsimplifying the target problem at hand and reducing the computational load that is required to solve it, considerably.The efficiencyand usefulness of this new general-purposemethod is verified by several examples, where different systems of linear and nonlinearFPDEs are solved.

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  • 50.
    Karbalaie, Abdolamir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Hamid Muhammed, Hamed
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Systems Safety and Management.
    Shabani, Maryam
    Sahin Shahr, Isfahan, Iran.
    Mehdi Montazeri, Mohammad
    Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan,Iran.
    Exact Solution of Partial Differential Equation Using Homo-Separation of Variables2014In: International Journal of Nonlinear Science, ISSN 1749-3889, Vol. 17, no 1, p. 84-90Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, we find the exact solution of certain partial differential equations (PDE) by proposing and using the Homo-Separation of Variables method. This novel analytical method is a combination of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) with the separation of variables method. The exact solutions are con-structed by choosing an appropriate initial approximation in addition to only one term of the series obtained by HPM. The proposed method is introduced an efficient tool for solving a wide class of partial differential equations. It is straight-forward, easy to understand and fast requiring low computational load.

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