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  • 1. Alao, John Patrick
    et al.
    Michlíková, Sona
    Dinér, Peter
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. Gothenburg University.
    Grøtli, Morten
    Sunnerhagen, Per
    Selective inhibition of RET mediated cell proliferation in vitro by the kinase inhibitor SPP862014In: BMC Cancer, ISSN 1471-2407, E-ISSN 1471-2407, Vol. 14, no 853Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    The RET tyrosine kinase receptor has emerged as a target in thyroid and endocrine resistant breast cancer. We previously reported the synthesis of kinase inhibitors with potent activity against RET. Herein, we have further investigated the effect of the lead compound SPP86 on RET mediated signaling and proliferation. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that SPP86 may be useful for studying the cellular activity of RET.

    Methods

    We compared the effects of SPP86 on RET-induced signaling and proliferation in thyroid cancer cell lines expressing RET-PTC1 (TPC1), or the activating mutations BRAFV600E (8505C) and RASG13R (C643). The effect of SPP86 on RET- induced phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt and MAPK pathway signaling and cell proliferation in MCF7 breast cancer cells was also investigated.

    Results

    SPP86 inhibited MAPK signaling and proliferation in RET/PTC1 expressing TPC1 but not 8505C or C643 cells. In TPC1 cells, the inhibition of RET phosphorylation required co-exposure to SPP86 and the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF573228. In MCF7 cells, SPP86 inhibited RET- induced phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt and MAPK signaling and estrogen receptorα (ERα) phosphorylation, and inhibited proliferation to a similar degree as tamoxifen. Interestingly, SPP86 and PF573228 inhibited RET/PTC1 and GDNF- RET induced activation of Akt and MAPK signaling to a similar degree.

    Conclusion

    SPP86 selectively inhibits RET downstream signaling in RET/PTC1 but not BRAFV600E or RASG13R expressing cells, indicating that downstream kinases were not affected. SPP86 also inhibited RET signaling in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Additionally, RET- FAK crosstalk may play a key role in facilitating PTC1/RET and GDNF- RET induced activation of Akt and MAPK signaling in TPC1 and MCF7 cells.

  • 2. Alarcon, H.
    et al.
    Boschloo, Gerrit
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Physical Chemistry.
    Mendoza, P.
    Solis, J. L.
    Hagfeldt, Anders
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Dye-sensitized solar cells based on nanocrystalline TiO2 films surface treated with Al3+ ions: Photovoltage and electron transport studies2005In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, ISSN 1520-6106, E-ISSN 1520-5207, Vol. 109, no 39, p. 18483-18490Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocrystalline TiO2 films, surface modified with Al3+, were manufactured by depositing a TiO2 suspension containing small amounts of aluminum nitrate or aluminum chloride onto conducting glass substrates, followed by drying, compression, and finally heating to 530 degrees C. Electrodes prepared with TiO2 nanoparticles coated with less than 0.3 wt % aluminum oxide with respect to TiO2 improved the efficiency of the dye sensitized solar cell. This amount corresponds to less than a monolayer of aluminum oxide. Thus, the Al ions terminate the TiO2 surface rather than form a distinct aluminum oxide layer. The aluminum ion surface treatment affects the solar cell in different ways: the potential of the conduction band is shifted, the electron lifetime is increased, and the electron transport is slower when aluminum ions are present between interconnected TiO2 particles.

  • 3. Alarcon, Hugo
    et al.
    Hedlund, Maria
    Johansson, Erik M. J.
    Rensmo, Hakan
    Hagfeldt, Anders
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Boschloo, Gerrit
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Physical Chemistry.
    Modification of nanostructured TiO2 electrodes by electrochemical Al3+ insertion: Effects on dye-sensitized solar cell performance2007In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 111, no 35, p. 13267-13274Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanostructured TiO2 films were modified by insertion with aluminum ions using an electrochemical process. After heat treatment these films were found suitable as electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. By means of a catechol adsorption test, as well as photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), it was demonstrated that the density of Ti atoms at the metal oxide/electrolyte interface is reduced after Al modification. There is, however, not a complete coverage of aluminum oxide onto the TiO2, but the results rather suggest either the formation of a mixed Al-Ti oxide surface layer or formation of a partial aluminum oxide coating. No new phase could, however, be detected. In solar cells incorporating Al-modified TiO2 electrodes, both electron lifetimes and electron transport times were increased. At high concentrations of inserted aluminum ions, the quantum efficiency for electron injection was significantly decreased. Results are discussed at the hand of different models: A multiple trapping model, which can explain slower kinetics by the creation of additional traps during Al insertion, and a surface layer model, which can explain the reduced recombination rate, as well as the reduced injection efficiency, by the formation of a blocking layer.

  • 4. Albabtain, Reham
    et al.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry. Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    Wondimu, Zenebech
    Lindberg, Tulay
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Gustafsson, Anders
    Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks2017In: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, ISSN 1741-427X, E-ISSN 1741-4288, article id 2576548Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Salvadora persica is commonly used chewing sticks in many parts of the world as an oral hygiene tool. This study measured the amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) released into the mouth and assessed its retention time in saliva. The study also tested if the released amount of BITC could potentially be antibacterial or cytotoxic. Twelve subjects brushed their teeth with fresh Miswak once, twice, and four times. The amount of BITC in the saliva and in the used brushes was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial effect of BITC and Miswak essential oil (MEO) was tested against Haemophilus influenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes was tested using MTT. The highest amount of the active compounds was detected in saliva after using the Miswak tip for once and immediately. It significantly decreased when the Miswak tip was used more than once and thus after 10 min. The growth of the tested bacteria was inhibited by MEO and BITC in a dose dependent manner, P. gingivalis being the most sensitive. MTT assay showed that BITC and MEO were cytotoxic towards gingival fibroblasts while oral keratinocytes showed resistance. This study suggests that the Miswak tip should be cut before each use to ensure the maximum effect.

  • 5. An, J.
    et al.
    Yang, X.
    Wang, W.
    Li, J.
    Wang, H.
    Yu, Z.
    Gong, C.
    Wang, X.
    Sun, Licheng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Zhejiang-KTH Joint Research Center of Photonics, JORCEP.
    Stable and efficient PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cells incorporating low-temperature processed carbon paste counter electrodes2017In: Solar Energy, ISSN 0038-092X, E-ISSN 1471-1257, Vol. 158, p. 28-33Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells with a ZnO/PbS-TBAI/PbS-EDT/carbon structure were prepared using a solution processing technique. A commercially available carbon paste that was processed at low-temperatures was used as a counter electrode in place of expensive noble metals, such as Au or Ag, which are used in traditional PbS CQD solar cells. These CQD solar cells exhibited remarkable photovoltaic performance with a short circuit density (Jsc) of 25.6 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.45 V, a fill factor (FF) of 51.8% and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 5.9%. A reference device with an Au counter electrode had a PCE of 6.0%. The PCE of the carbon-containing CQD solar cell remained stable for 180 days when tested in ambient atmosphere, while the PCE of the Au-containing CQD solar cell lost 48.3% of its original value. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that holes within the PbS CQD were effectively transported to the carbon counter electrode.

  • 6.
    An, Junxue
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Duan, Lele
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Sun, Licheng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    The Ru complexes containing pyridine-dicarboxylate ligand: electronic effect on their catalytic activity toward water oxidation2011In: Faraday discussions, ISSN 1359-6640, E-ISSN 1364-5498, Vol. 155, p. 267-275Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two series of mononuclear ruthenium complexes [Ru(pdc)L-3] (H(2)pdc = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; L = 4-methoxypyridine, 1; pyridine, 2; pyrazine, 3) and [Ru(pdc)L-2(dmso)] (dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide; L = 4-methoxypyridine, 4; pyridine, 5) were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Their catalytic activity toward water oxidation has been examined using Ce-IV (Ce(NH4)(2)(NO3)(6)) as the chemical oxidant under acidic conditions. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 are capable of catalyzing Ce-IV-driven water oxidation while 4 and 5 are not active. Electronic effects on their catalytic activity were illustrated: electron donating groups increase the catalytic activity.

  • 7. Anderbrant, Olle
    et al.
    Matteson, Donald S.
    Unelius, C. Rikard
    Pharazyn, Philip S.
    Santangelo, Ellen M.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Schlyter, Fredrik
    Birgersson, Goran
    Pheromone of the elm bark beetle Scolytus laevis (Coleoptera Scolytidae): stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol reduce interspecific competition2010In: Chemoecology, ISSN 0937-7409, E-ISSN 1423-0445, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 179-187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Stereoisomers of 4-methyl-3-heptanol (MH) are pheromone components of several Scolytus bark beetles. The elm bark beetle Scolytus laevis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) has in previous studies been caught in traps baited with commercial MH containing all four stereoisomers, but the lure has been considered a weak attractant. In this study, we addressed the question whether stereospecific responses by S. laevis to stereoisomers of MH might contribute to its niche separation from other sympatric Scolytus species. Using GC-MS, we analyzed extracts of hindguts and abdomens from male and female S. laevis and the sympatric S. triarmatus. We also tested all four MH-stereoisomers individually and in combinations in the field to determine their role for S. laevis. All four stereoisomers were synthesized via a boronic ester method with 1,2-dicyclohexylethanediol as chiral director. In addition, the (3S,4R)-stereoisomer of MH was prepared through enantioselective, lipase-mediated transesterification of a mixture of the four stereoisomers of MH. Females of both species contained small amounts of syn-MH, and males contained trace amounts of anti-MH. The anti stereoisomer (3R,4S)-MH was attractive to male and female S. laevis, whereas the syn stereoisomer (3S,4S)-MH acted as an inhibitor or deterrent and reduced the catch when added to the attractive isomer. The syn isomer is the main aggregation pheromone component of the larger and sympatric S. scolytus and possibly also of S. triarmatus. The avoidance response of S. laevis to the (3S,4S)-stereoisomer may reduce interspecific competition for host trees.

  • 8. Anderlund, Magnus F.
    et al.
    Zheng, J.
    Ghiladi, Marten
    Kritikos, Mikael
    Riviere, Eric
    Sun, Licheng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Girerd, Jean-Jacques
    Akermark, Bjoern
    A new, dinuclear high spin manganese(III) complex with bridging phenoxy and methoxy groups. Structure and magnetic properties2006In: Inorganic Chemistry Communications, ISSN 1387-7003, E-ISSN 1879-0259, Vol. 9, no 12, p. 1195-1198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new mu-phenoxy-mu-metoxy di-manganese(III) complex with the trisphenolic ligand, 2,6-bis[((2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)methyl]-4-methylphenol, was isolated as a perchlorate salt. The X-ray structure shows that the two manganese(III) ions are in a distorted octrahedral enviroment with approximately perpendicular Jahn-Teller axes. Investigation of the molar magnetic susceptibility reveals a ferromagnetic coupling between the two high-spin manganese(III) ions. Fitting of the data led to g = 2 and J = 12.5 cm(-1).

  • 9. Andersson, Johan
    et al.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Vongvanich, Namphung
    Wiklund, Christer
    Male sex pheromone release and female mate choice in a butterfly2007In: Journal of Experimental Biology, ISSN 0022-0949, E-ISSN 1477-9145, Vol. 210, no 6, p. 964-970Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In butterflies female mate choice is influenced by both visual and olfactory cues, the latter of which are important at close range. Males of the green-veined butterfly, Pieris napi, are known to release citral ( mixture of geranial and neral, 1: 1), but its role(s) and conditions of release are not known. Here, we show that male P. napi release citral when interacting with conspecific males, conspecific females, heterospecific males and also when alone. The amount of citral released correlated strongly with male flight activity, which explained more than 70% of the variation. This suggests that males do not exercise control over turning release on or off, but rather that citral is emitted as a passive physical process during flight. Electroantennogram experiments showed that female antennal response was ten times more sensitive to citral than male response. Females expressed acceptance behavior when exposed to models made with freshly excised male wings or those treated with citral following chemical extraction, but not to ones with extracted wings only. Hence, these behavioral and electrophysiological tests provide strong evidence that citral is a signal from the male directed to the female during courtship, and that it functions as a male sex pheromone.

  • 10.
    Andersson, Samir
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Supramolecular chemistry based on redox-active components and cucurbit[n]urils2010Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis describes the host-guest chemistry between Cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and CB[8] and a series of guests including bispyridinium cations, phenols and  napthalenes. These guests are bound to ruthenium polypyridine complexes or ruthenium based water oxidation catalysts (WOCs). The investigations are based upon utilizing the covalently linked photosensitizer and the electronic effects and chemical processes are investigated.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 11.
    Andersson, Samir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Sun, Licheng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    An efficient water oxidation system based on supramolecular assembly of molecular catalyst and cucurbit[7]urilManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Andersson, Samir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Zou, Dapeng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Zhang, Rong
    Sun, Shiguo
    Sun, Licheng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Light driven formation of a supramolecular system with three CB 8 s locked between redox-active Ru(bpy)(3) complexes2009In: Organic and biomolecular chemistry, ISSN 1477-0520, E-ISSN 1477-0539, Vol. 7, no 17, p. 3605-3609Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Three CB[8]s have been reversibly locked between two Ru(bpy)(3)-viologen complexes by light driven electron transfer reactions.

  • 13.
    Andersson, Samir
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Zou, Dapeng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Zhang, Rong
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Centre of Molecular Devices, CMD.
    Sun, Shiguo
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Centre of Molecular Devices, CMD.
    Åkermark, Björn
    Sun, Licheng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Selective Positioning of CB 8 on Two Linked Viologens and Electrochemically Driven Movement of the Host Molecule2009In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry, ISSN 1434-193X, E-ISSN 1099-0690, no 8, p. 1163-1172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The binding interactions between cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and a dicationic guest N,N-dimethyl-3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (DMV2+) have been investigated by various experimental techniques including NMR, ESI-MS, and UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. In a three-component system consisting of CB[81, N,N-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (MV2+) and DMV2+, CB[8] was found to exhibit a higher binding affinity to DMV2+ than to MV2+, When DMV2+ was connected to MV2+ by an alkyl chain, the first equiv. of CB[8] could be selectively positioned on the DMV2+ moiety, and then a second equiv. of CB[8] was positioned on the MV2+ moiety. Spectroelectrochemical studies showed that upon the reduction of this system at -0.6 V vs. AgCl, the CB[8] could move from the DMV2+ moiety to the MV+center dot radical, which formed a dimer inside the CB[8] cavity. Molecular oxygen quenched the dimer, and the CB[8] moved back to the DMV2+ moiety, indicating it molecular movement driven by electrochemistry. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)

  • 14.
    Angelin, Marcus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Discovery-Oriented Screening of Dynamic Systems: Combinatorial and Synthetic Applications2010Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is divided into six parts, all centered around the development of dynamic (i.e., reversibly interacting) systems of molecules and their applications in dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) and organic synthesis.

    Part one offers a general introduction, as well as a more detailed description of DCC, being the central concept of this thesis. Part two explores the potential of the nitroaldol reaction as a tool for constructing dynamic systems, employing benzaldehyde derivatives and nitroalkanes. This reaction is then applied in part three where a dynamic nitroaldol system is resolved by lipase-catalyzed transacylation, selecting two out of 16 components.

    In part four, reaction and crystallization driven DCC protocols are developed and demonstrated. The discovery of unexpected crystalline properties of certain pyridine β-nitroalcohols is used to resolve a dynamic system and further expanded into asynthetic procedure. Furthermore, a previously unexplored tandem nitroaldol-iminolactone rearrangement reaction between 2-cyanobenzaldehyde and primarynitroalkanes is used for the resolution of dynamic systems. It is also coupled with diastereoselective crystallization to demonstrate the possibility to combine several selection processes. The mechanism of this reaction is investigated and a synthetic protocol is developed for asymmetric synthesis of 3-substituted isoindolinones.

    Part five continues the exploration of tandem reactions by combining dynamic hemithioacetal or cyanohydrin formation with intramolecular cyclization to synthesize a wide range of 3-functionalized phthalides.

    Finally, part six deals with the construction of a laboratory experiment to facilitate the introduction of DCC in undergraduate chemistry education. The experiment is based on previous work in our group and features an acetylcholinesterase-catalyzed resolution of a dynamic transthioacylation system.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 15.
    Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Fischer, Andreas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Ramström, Olof
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Crystallization-induced secondary selection from a tandem driven dynamic combinatorial resolution process2008In: Journal of Organic Chemistry, ISSN 0022-3263, E-ISSN 1520-6904, Vol. 73, no 9, p. 3593-3595Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Crystallization-induced secondary selection from a tandem driven dynamic combinatorial library is presented. In a one-pot experiment, an initial nitroaldol equilibrium was kinetically driven by a tandem reaction resulting in a subsequent dynamic library of diastereoisomers. This library was then further driven by a phase change, resulting in amplification and isolation of a highly diastereomerically enriched and synthetically interesting isoindolinone.

  • 16. Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    Hermansson, Magnus
    Dong, Hai
    Ramström, Olof
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Direct, mild, and selective synthesis of unprotected dialdo-glycosides2006In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry, ISSN 1434-193X, E-ISSN 1099-0690, no 19, p. 4323-4326Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A direct and highly convenient organocatalytic method for the preparation of 1,5-dialdo-pyranosides and 1,4-dialdo-furanosides is presented. The method relies on the chemoselective properties of TEMPO in combination with trichloroisocyanuric acid under very mild, basic conditions. Unprotected glycosides are prepared in a single step in high yields and are efficiently purified with the use of solid-phase imine capture. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006).

  • 17.
    Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Larsson, Rikard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Vongvilai, Pornrapee
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Ramström, Olof
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Introducing Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry: Probing the Substrate Selectivity of Acetylcholinesterase2010In: Journal of Chemical Education, ISSN 0021-9584, E-ISSN 1938-1328, Vol. 87, no 11, p. 1248-1251Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 18.
    Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Larsson, Rikard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Vongvilai, Pornrapee
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Sakulsombat, Morakot
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Ramström, Olof
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Dynamic combinatorial resolution2009In: Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry: In Drug Discovery, Bioorganic Chemistry, and Materials Science / [ed] Miller, B., John Wiley & Sons, 2009, p. 169-200Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Education and Communication in Engineering Science (ECE), Learning.
    Rahm, M.
    Gabrielsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Gumaelius, Lena
    KTH, School of Education and Communication in Engineering Science (ECE), Learning.
    Rocket scientist for a day: Investigating alternatives for chemical propulsion2012In: Journal of Chemical Education, ISSN 0021-9584, E-ISSN 1938-1328, Vol. 89, no 10, p. 1301-1304Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This laboratory experiment introduces rocket science from a chemistry perspective. The focus is set on chemical propulsion, including its environmental impact and future development. By combining lecture-based teaching with practical, theoretical, and computational exercises, the students get to evaluate different propellant alternatives. To complete the task, they need to use several important curricular concepts, such as the breaking and formation of bonds, redox reactions, and thermodynamics. They also apply basic computational electronic structure calculations to investigate the energetic content of hitherto nonexisting alternatives. Finally, actual chemical rocket propulsion is demonstrated through the assembly and testing of a model rocket motor, employing a commercially available kit. The full experiment was developed for upper-level high school classes and is completed in a 3-h lab period. The experiment, or parts of it, has also been successfully used both in undergraduate programs and continuing education for teachers. 

  • 20.
    Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Ramström, Olof
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Making a Chemical Rainbow2010In: Journal of Chemical Education, ISSN 0021-9584, E-ISSN 1938-1328, Vol. 87, no 5, p. 504-506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this laboratory experiment, high school students are challenged to prepare a six-layered chemical "rainbow" in a test tube. Students start with six unknown, colorless liquids and six pigments ranging from violet to red. The experiment is problem based and forces the students to apply their knowledge of solubility and density and combine it with creative and critical thinking to come up with a successful strategy to make the rainbow. This is followed by experimental testing to find the unique solution. Finally, coloring and correct layering of the liquids produces the final and aesthetically pleasing result, a chemical rainbow.

  • 21.
    Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Ramström, Olof
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Where's Ester? A Game That Seeks the Structures Hiding Behind the Trivial Names2010In: Journal of Chemical Education, ISSN 0021-9584, E-ISSN 1938-1328, Vol. 87, no 4, p. 406-407Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Vongvilai, Pornrapee
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Fischer, Andreas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Ramström, Olof
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Crystallization Driven Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyridine β-Nitroalcoholsvia Discovery-Oriented Self-Resolution of a Dynamic System2010In: European Journal of Organic Chemistry, ISSN 1434-193X, E-ISSN 1099-0690, Vol. 33, p. 6315-6318Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The study of dynamic nitroaldol systems aided the discovery of a diastereoselective crystallization process through amplification of 2-nitro-1-(pyridine-4-yl)propan-1-ol. The phenomenon was further developed into an effective procedure for asymmetic synthesis of pyridine-nitroalcohols and several substrates were screened to this end. These results demonstrate how work with larger dynamic systems facilitates and increases the likelihood of serendipitous discoveries.

  • 23.
    Angelin, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Vongvilai, Pornrapee
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Fischer, Andreas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Ramström, Olof
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Tandem driven dynamic combinatorial resolution via Henry–iminolactone rearrangement2008In: ChemComm, ISSN 1359-7345, p. 768-770Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An unexplored type of tandem reaction is used to kinetically resolve a dynamic combinatorial library resulting in quantitative amplification of an interesting 3-substituted isoindolinone.

  • 24. Ashitani, T.
    et al.
    Kusumoto, N.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Fujita, K.
    Takahashi, K.
    Antitermite activity of β-caryophyllene epoxide and episulfide2013In: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C - A Journal of Biosciences, ISSN 0939-5075, E-ISSN 1865-7125, Vol. 68 C, no 7-8, p. 302-306Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Caryophyllene-6,7-epoxide and caryophyllene-6,7-episulfide can be easily synthesized from β-caryophyllene by autoxidation or episulfidation. The bioactivities of β-caryophyllene and its derivatives were investigated against the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe. The antifeedant, feeding, and termiticidal activities of each compound were tested using no-choice, dual-choice, and non-contact methods. Antitermitic activities were not shown by β-caryophyllene, but were observed for the oxide and sulfide derivatives. Caryophyllene- 6,7-episulfide showed especially high antifeedant and termiticidal activities. Thus, naturally abundant, non-bioactive β-caryophyllene can be easily converted into an antitermite reagent via a non-biological process.

  • 25. Ashitani, Tatsuya
    et al.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Fujita, Koki
    Nagahama, Shizuo
    Reaction mechanism of direct episulfidation of caryophyllene and humulene2008In: Natural Product Research, ISSN 1478-6419, E-ISSN 1478-6427, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 495-498Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Direct episulfidations of caryophyllene or humulene with elemental sulfur were examined by means of gas chromatography. Caryophyllene-6,7-episulfide was formed at an early stage in a reaction of the caryophyllene and elemental sulfur at 120C. Caryophyllene-3,6-sulfide and polymer compounds were formed after the episulfidation. Formations of the these compounds were related to the disappearance of the caryophyllene-6,7-episulfide. Isomerization from the caryophyllene to isocaryophyllene was also observed during the reaction. In the reaction of humulene with elemental sulfur, humulene-6,7-episulfide was initially produced and then converted to humulene-9,10-episulfide. It was assumed that the polymer compound in the reaction of humulene with sulfur was related to the disappearance of the both humulene episulfides.

  • 26.
    Ashitani, Tatsuya
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. Yamagata University, Japan.
    Garboui, S. S.
    Schubert, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Vongsombath, Chanda
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. National University of Laos (NOUL), Laos.
    Liblikas, I.
    Pålsson, Katinka
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. Institute of Technology, Estonia.
    Activity studies of sesquiterpene oxides and sulfides from the plant Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae) and its repellency on Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae)2015In: Experimental & applied acarology, ISSN 0168-8162, E-ISSN 1572-9702Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae), a plant traditionally used as a mosquito repellent, has been investigated for repellent properties against nymphs of the tick Ixodesricinus. Essential oils and volatile compounds of fresh and dried leaves, from plants originating from Laos and Guinea-Bissau, were identified by GC–MS and tested in a tick repellency bioassay. All the essential oils were strongly repellent against the ticks, even though the main volatile constituents differed in their proportions of potentially tick repellent chemicals. (+)/(−)-sabinene were present in high amounts in all preparations, and dominated the emission from dry and fresh leaves together with 1,8-cineol and α-phellandrene. 1,8-Cineol and sabinene were major compounds in the essential oils from H. suaveolens from Laos. Main compounds in H. suaveolens from Guinea-Bissau were (−)-sabinene, limonene and terpinolene. Among the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons identified, α-humulene exhibited strong tick repellency (96.8 %). Structure activity studies of oxidation or sulfidation products of germacrene D, α-humulene and β-caryophyllene, showed increased tick repellent activity: of mint sulfide (59.4 %), humulene-6,7-oxide (94.5 %) and caryophyllene-6,7-oxide (96.9 %). The substitution of oxygen with sulfur slightly lowered the repellency. The effects of the constituents in the oils can then be regarded as a trade off between the subsequently lower volatility of the sesquiterpene derivatives compared to the monoterpenes and may thus increase their potential usefulness as tick repellents.

  • 27.
    Asiimwe, Savina
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Nutri-medicinal plants used in the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in western Uganda: documentation, phytochemistry and bioactivity evaluation2015Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    As a result of the AIDS epidemic, many people are immunocompromised and opportunistic infections are common. Medicinal plants constitute one of the fundaments of HIV treatment and are commonly used in management of HIV–related ailments, and also to counteract the side effects of antiretroviral therapy. This study documents and evaluates nutri-medicinal plants traditionally used in the management of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in western Uganda. A six-stage process of documentation, evaluation and analysis of results was conducted: (1) ethnobotanical studies leading to identification and documentation of medicinal and nutritional plants most frequently used in the treatment of opportunistic infections of HIV/AIDS  (2) Collection of plant samples and preparation of the extracts of each of the selected plants needed for bioactivity evaluation; (3) Phytochemical analysis of crude plant extracts (qualitative and GC/MS analysis); (4) pharmacological evaluation of the crude plant extracts (antimicrobial, antioxidant and mineral nutrient evaluation); (5) safety evaluation of the active extracts using animal models, and (6) Statistical analysis of the results.

    The study recorded 324 plant species distributed in 75 families, with potential to treat ailments associated with immuno-compromised people living with HIV/AIDS in western Uganda. The study revealed that folk medicine is still widely practiced. Fidelity level values indicated the most preferred plant species for particular ailments. The high consensus values indicated that there was high agreement in the use of plants for various ailments. The selected preferred plant species were subjected to chemical screening to ascertain their pharmacological activities and they could be prioritized for conservation. The study allows for identifying high value medicinal plants indicating high potential for economic development.

    Phytochemical screening of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of selected twenty plant species revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, coumarins and steroid glycosides. Some of the major chemical compounds identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the essential oils include α- phellandrene, linalool, carvacrol, geraniol, β-eudesmene, β-cubebene, α-caryophyllene, 1-8 cineole and caryophyllene oxide. The essential oils of Plectranthus amboinicus, Erlangea tomentosa, Plunchea ovalis and Crassocephalum vitellinum were highly active against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. One of the essential oil fractions of Crassocephalum vitellinum (1.56 mg/ml) was highly active against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antioxidant activities of the plant species were also tested. The antioxidant activity of Pseudarthria hookeri (43.68%) and the ferric reducing power of Symphytum officinale (10.48 Mm/L) were the highest values. The ability of the plant extracts to scavenge free radicals may partly justify the traditional use of these plants to boost immunity in HIV/AIDS patients. Mineral nutrient analysis revealed high amounts of iron in Plectranthus amboinicus (5.8 mg/kg dry weight), zinc in Pseudarthria hookeri (6.9 mg/kg dry weight) and selenium in Plunchea ovalis (1.14 mg/kg dry weight). These elements are essential in maintenance of the immune system. Hematological analysis of the aqueous extract of Plectranthus amboinicus showed that the plant has immunostimulating properties by increasing the number of lymphocytes in the test animals. Further ethnopharmacological studies are needed for the documented plants particularly the most active ones.

     

     

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    Savina Thesis 2015
  • 28.
    Asiimwe, Savina
    et al.
    Makerere Univ, Sch Biosci, Kampala, Uganda.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    Mugisha, Maud Kamatenesi
    Namutebi, Agnes
    Gakunga, Ndukui James
    Chemical composition and Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus Lour: Spreng2014In: International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention, ISSN 2319-6718, Vol. 3, no 2, p. 19-27Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Asiimwe, Savina
    et al.
    Makerere Univ, Sch Biosci, Kampala, Uganda.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    Sofrata, Abier Hamed
    Byamukama, Robert
    Mugisha, Maud Kamatenesi
    Namutebi, Agnes
    Chemical composition and antimicrobial evaluation of the essential oil and fractions obtained from Plectranthus amboinicus(Lour.): Spreng traditionally used in the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infectionsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Asiimwe, Savina
    et al.
    Makerere Univ, Sch Biosci, Kampala, Uganda.
    Kamatenesi-Mugisha, Maud
    Namutebi, Agnes
    Borg-Karlsson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Musiimenta, Peace
    Ethnobotanical study of nutri-medicinal plants used for the management of HIV/AIDS opportunistic ailments among the local communities of western Uganda2013In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, ISSN 0378-8741, E-ISSN 1872-7573, Vol. 150, no 2, p. 639-648Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ethnopharmacological relevance: Herbal remedies are a source of therapeutics for nearly 80% of the population in Uganda. Poor health facilities and limited access to antiretroviral drugs have perpetuated and increased the use of traditional medicine especially in rural areas for the treatment of opportunistic ailments of HIV/AIDS. To document the traditional uses of nutri-medicinal plants in the management of immunocompromised ailments associated with HIV/AIDS. To document the parts and growth forms of plants used, methods of preparation and administration of the herbal remedies. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Mbarara and Isingiro districts of western Uganda between December 2010 and May 2011. Ethnobotanical information was collected from 64 respondents who were sampled based on recommendations of local elders and administrators. Ethnobotanical data on the use of nutri-medicinal plants for traditional treatment of HIV/AIDS opportunistic ailments were collected by employing semi-structured interviews with selected respondents, house hold visits and field observations as described by (Martin, 1995a). The respondents were mainly traditional medical practitioners who treat patients who are already receiving antiretroviral drugs. Fidelity levels of plant species and informant consensus factor were determined to show the percentage of informants claiming the use of certain plant species for the same major purpose and to analyse people's knowledge of plant use. Results: The study revealed 81 plant species most of which were herbs (49%). Leaves (71%) were the most frequently used parts in remedy preparations which were mainly administered orally (85%). The majority of plants (54%) were harvested from wild populations. Hibiscus sabdariffa L, Plumeria obtusa L, and Abutilon guineense (Shumach.) Baker. F and Exell were the nutri-medicinal plants that scored the highest Fidelity level values. The informant's consensus about usages of plants ranged from 0.75 to 0.80. Plants that are presumed to be effective in treating a certain disease have higher informant consensus factor (ICF) values. Family Asteraceae accounted for 18% of the total species recorded. Thirteen species (16%) of the plants are edible and provide nutritional support. Conclusion: The study recorded plant species with potential to treat ailments associated with immunocompromised people living with HIV/AIDS in western Uganda. Such studies can help stimulate confidence in traditional medicine and enhance appreciation of herbal medicine among the people and to appreciate the value of the plant resources and therefore enhance conservation efforts of the plant species. The high consensus means the majority of informants agree on the use of plant species and this reflects the intercultural relevance and the agreement in the use of the nutri-medicinal plants to the people. We recommend the documented plants for further Ethnopharmacological studies.

  • 31.
    Asiimwe, Savina
    et al.
    Makerere Univ, Sch Biosci, Kampala, Uganda.
    Namutebi, Agnes
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Mugisha, Maud Kamatenesi
    Kakudidi, Esezah Kyomugisha
    Hannington, Ortem-Origa
    Documentation and consensus of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the local communities of western Uganda2014In: Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resource, ISSN 2231-3184, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 34-42Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An ethnobotanical study was conducted to document the uses of medicinal plants among the local communities of western Uganda. The aim of the study was to identify and document plant species used for treatment of various ailments in the study areas, identify the commonly used plants, parts used, preparation and administration of herbal drugs. To find out the level of consensus or agreement between informants regarding the uses of plants for particular disease categories. Information on the plants was gathered between December 2010 and May 2011 from 124 informants using semi-structured interviews and discussions. For analysis of general use of plants, factor informant consensus (Fic) was used. The reported plants were collected and identified. The study revealed 231plant species belonging to 72 families and 164 genera. These plants were used to treat various diseases and ailments grouped under 14 ailment categories, with the highest number of species (127) being used for gastrointestinal disorders followed by reproductive health disorders (75). The factor informant consensus highlighted low agreement in the use of plants. The highest Fic (0.61) was scored for the digestive problems, such as intestinal worms, stomachache and constipation. Aloe vera was used for malaria with the highest frequency of mention (26 mentions). Herbs (55%) were the main source of medicine followed by shrubs (18%). Leaves (65%) and roots (19%) were the main plant parts used in remedy preparation while decoction was the major form of preparation. Family Asteraceae accounted for 16% of the total species recorded. The majority of plants (53%) were harvested from wild habitats. The most important species according to their fidelity are Senna occidentalis (L.) Link for deworming, Aloe vera L. for malaria, Maytenus senegalensis (Lam) Exell for syphilis and Senecio hadiensis Forssk for miscarriages.The low consensus means the majority of informants do not agree or exchange information on the use of plant species and this may require bioactivity screening to justify the use for the reported ailments. The documented information regarding therapeutic uses provides basic data for further studies focused on pharmacological studies and conservation of the most important species.

  • 32.
    Asiimwe, Savina
    et al.
    Makerere Univ, Sch Biosci, Kampala, Uganda.
    Namutebi, Agnes
    Mugisha, Maud Kamatenesi
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activities and mineral composition of nutri-medicinal plants used in the management of opportunistic ailments in HIV/AIDS patientsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Axelsson, Karolin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Chemical signals in interactions between Hylobius abietis and associated bacteria2016Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) is one of the two topmost economically important insect pests in Swedish conifer forests. The damage increase in areas were the silvicultural practice is to use clear cuttings were the insects gather and breed. During egglaying the female protects her offspring by creating a cave in roots and stumps were she puts her egg and covers it with frass, a mixture of weevil feces and chewed bark. Adult pine weevils have been observed to feed on the other side of the egg laying site and antifeedant substance has been discovered in the feces of the pine weevil. We think it is possible that microorganisms present in the frass contribute with antifeedant/repellent substances. Little is known about the pine weevils associated bacteria community and their symbiotic functions. In this thesis the bacterial community is characterized in gut and frass both from pine weevils in different populations across Europe as well as after a 28 day long diet regime on Scots pine, silver birch or bilberry. Volatile substances produced by isolated bacteria as well as from a consortium of microorganisms were collected with solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and analyzed with GC-MS. The main volatiles were tested against pine weevils using a two-choice test. Wolbachia, Rahnella aquatilis, Serratia and Pseudomonas syringae was commonly associated with the pine weevil. 2-Methoxyphenol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol were found in the headspace from Rahnella aquatilis when grown in substrate containing pine bark. 2-Methoxyphenol and 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenol and methyl salicylate were found in pine feces. Birch and bilberry feces emitted mainly linalool oxides and bilberry emitted also small amounts of 2-phenylethanol.

    A second part of the thesis discusses the role of fungi in forest insect interactions and the production of oxygenated monoterpenes as possible antifeedants. Spruce bark beetles (Ips typhographus L.) aggregate with the help of pheromones and with collected forces they kill weakened adult trees as a result of associated fungi growth and larval development. A fungi associated with the bark beetle, Grosmannia europhoides, was shown to produce de novo 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, the major component of the spruce bark beetle aggregation pheromone. Chemical defense responses against Endoconidiophora polonica and Heterobasidion parviporum were investigated using four clones of Norway spruce with different susceptibility to Heterobasidion sp. Clone specific differences were found in induced mono-, sesqui and diterpenes. A number of oxygenated monoterpenes which are known antifeedants for the pine weevil were produced in the infested areas.

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    fulltext
  • 34.
    Axelsson, Karolin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Konstanzer, Vera
    Kuttuva Rajarao, Guna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Terenius, Olle
    Dep of Ecology, SLU.
    Seriot, Lisa
    Nordenhem, Henrik
    Dep. of Ecology, SLU.
    Nordlander, Göran
    Dep. of Ecology, SLU.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Antifeedants produced by bacteria associated to the gut of the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Axelsson, Karolin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO).
    Konstanzer, Vera
    KTH.
    Rajarao, Gunaratna Kuttuva
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Terenius, Olle
    Seriot, Lisa
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO).
    Nordenhem, Henrik
    Nordlander, Goran
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. Tartu University, Estonia.
    Antifeedants Produced by Bacteria Associated with the Gut of the Pine Weevil Hylobius abietis2017In: Microbial Ecology, ISSN 0095-3628, E-ISSN 1432-184X, Vol. 74, no 1, p. 177-184Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, is a severe forest pest insect as it feeds on newly planted conifer seedlings. To identify and develop an antifeedant could be one step towards the protection of seedlings from feeding damage by the pine weevil. With the aim to trace the origin of the antifeedants previously found in feces of the pine weevil, we investigated the culturable bacteria associated with the gut and identified the volatiles they produced. Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. The volatile emissions of selected bacteria, cultivated on NB media or on the grated phloem of Scots pine twigs dispersed in water, were collected and analyzed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The bacterial isolates released a variety of compounds, among others 2-methoxyphenol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide. A strong antifeedant effect was observed by 2-phenylethanol, which could thus be a good candidate for use to protect planted conifer seedlings against feeding damage caused by H. abietis.

  • 36.
    Axelsson, Karolin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Nilsson, Louise
    Nordlander, Göran
    Dep. of Ecology, SLU.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Terenius, Olle
    Dep of Ecology, SLU.
    Do pine weevil microbiota and corresponding volatiles change due to selective feeding?Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Axelsson, Karolin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Zendegi-Shiraz, Amene
    Swedjemark, Gunilla
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Zhao, Tao
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Clone specific chemical defense responses in Norway spruce to infestations by two pathogenic fungi2016In: Forest Pathology, ISSN 1437-4781, E-ISSN 1439-0329Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Heterobasidion parviporum (Hp) were investigated using four clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies) with different susceptibility to Heterobasidion sp. Eight year old trees were inoculated with Ep and Hp to minimize the variation due to environment. After three weeks the bark tissue at the upper border of the inoculation hole were extracted with hexane and analyzed by GC-MS. Both treatment and clonal differences were found based on induced mono-, sesqui- and diterpenes. In addition, the Hp produced toxin, fomanoxin, was identified in lowest amount in the most Hp susceptible clone. The clonal trees seem to use different defense strategies towards the two fungi. One of the clones was able to induce strong chemical defense against both fungi, one clone induced chemical defense only against Ep and the most susceptible clone exhibited the least capacity to produce an effective defense against Ep and Hp. Two diterpenes were found to be distinctly different between clones with different susceptibilities, which can be used as chemical indication of Norway spruce resistance against fungi.

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  • 38.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Microbes Associated with Hylobius abietis: A Chemical and Behavioral Study2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is based on three inter-related studies: the first part deals with the microbial consortium, the identification of microbes and their volatiles, the second part deals with the study of bio-chemical control methods of two conifer pests; the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) and the root rot fungi Heterobasidion spp., and the third part describes the production of styrene by a fungus using forest waste.The large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) is an economically important pest insect of conifers in reforestation areas of Europe and Asia. The female weevils protect their eggs from feeding conspecifics by adding frass (mixture of weevil feces and chewed bark) along with the eggs. In order to understand the mechanism behind frass deposition at the egg laying site and to find repellents/antifeedants for pine weevils, microbes were isolated from the aseptically collected pine weevil frass. Microbial produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected by solid phase micro extraction and analyzed by GC-MS after cultivating them on weevil frass broth. The major VOCs were tested against pine weevils using a multi-choice olfactometer. Ewingella sp., Mucor racemosus, Penicillium solitum, P. expansum, Ophiostoma piceae, O. pluriannulatum, Debaryomyces hansenii and Candida sequanensis were identified as abundant microbes. Styrene, 6-protoilludene, 1-octene-3-ol, 3-methylanisole, methyl salicylate, 2-methoxyphenol and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol were the VOCs of persistently isolated microbes. In behavioral bioassay, methyl salicylate, 3-methylanisole and styrene significantly reduced the attraction of pine weevils to their host plant volatiles. Heterobasidion spp. are severe pathogenic fungi of conifers that cause root and butt rot in plants. Bacterial isolates were tested for the antagonistic activity against fungi on potato dextrose agar. Bacillus subtilis strains significantly inhibited the growth of H. annosum and H. parviporum. Styrene is an industrial chemical used for making polymeric products, currently produced from fossil fuel. A strain of Penicillium expansum isolated from pine weevil frass was investigated for the production of styrene using forest waste. Grated pine stem bark and mature oak bark supplemented with yeast extract produced greater amounts of styrene compared to potato dextrose broth.

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    Muhammad Azeem-PhD-Thesis
  • 39.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Kuttuva Rajarao, Gunaratna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Environmental Microbiology.
    Antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis A18 – A19 against Heterobasidion speciesArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Kuttuva Rajarao, Gunaratna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Sustainable bio-production of styrene from forest waste2013In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 144, p. 684-688Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A strain of Penicillium expansum was studied for the production of styrene using forest waste biomass as a feeding substrate. The fungal strain was cultivated on bark of various trees supplemented with yeast extract and the volatiles produced were collected on Tenax TA and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fungus cultured on grated soft bark of pine (Pinus sylvestris) stems (GPB) and mature bark of oak (Quercus robur) supplemented with yeast extract produced relatively the highest amounts of styrene. The maximum styrene production rate was 52.5 mu g/h, 41 mu g/h and 27 mu g/h from fungus cultivated on 50 mL liquid media with 10 g GPB or mature bark of oak and potato dextrose broth respectively. These promising results suggest that the fungal strain could be used to produce "green" styrene plastics using renewable forest waste biomass.

  • 41.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Kuttuva Rajarao, Gunaratna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Environmental Microbiology.
    Nagahama, Kazuhiro
    Terenius, Olle
    Dept of genetics microbiology and toxicology, Stockholm University.
    Nordenhem, Henrik
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Nordlander, Göran
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Chemo- and biodiversity of microbes associated with pine weevil (Hylobius abietis)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Kuttuva Rajarao, Gunaratna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Environmental Microbiology.
    Nordenhem, Henrik
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Nordlander, Göran
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Penicillium expansum Volatiles Reduce Pine Weevil Attraction to Host Plants2013In: Journal of Chemical Ecology, ISSN 0098-0331, E-ISSN 1573-1561, Vol. 39, no 1, p. 120-128Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.) is a severe pest of conifer seedlings in reforested areas of Europe and Asia. To identify minimally toxic and ecologically sustainable compounds for protecting newly planted seedlings, we evaluated the volatile metabolites produced by microbes isolated from H. abietis feces and frass. Female weevils deposit feces and chew bark at oviposition sites, presumably thus protecting eggs from feeding conspecifics. We hypothesize that microbes present in feces/frass are responsible for producing compounds that deter weevils. Here, we describe the isolation of a fungus from feces and frass of H. abietis and the biological activity of its volatile metabolites. The fungus was identified by morphological and molecular methods as Penicillium expansum Link ex. Thom. It was cultured on sterilized H. abietis frass medium in glass flasks, and volatiles were collected by SPME and analyzed by GC-MS. The major volatiles of the fungus were styrene and 3-methylanisole. The nutrient conditions for maximum production of styrene and 3-methylanisole were examined. Large quantities of styrene were produced when the fungus was cultured on grated pine bark with yeast extract. In a multi-choice arena test, styrene significantly reduced male and female pine weevils' attraction to cut pieces of Scots pine twigs, whereas 3-methylanisole only reduced male weevil attraction to pine twigs. These studies suggest that metabolites produced by microbes may be useful as compounds for controlling insects, and could serve as sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides.

  • 43.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Chem, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
    Kuttuva Rajarao, Gunaratna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Terenius, Olle
    Nordlander, Goran
    Nordenhem, Henrik
    Nagahama, Kazuhiro
    Norin, Emil
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Borg Karlsson, Anna Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    A fungal metabolite masks the host plant odor for the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis)2015In: Fungal ecology, ISSN 1754-5048, E-ISSN 1878-0083, Vol. 13, p. 103-111Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The pine weevil is one of the most important pest insects of conifer reforestation areas in Europe. Female pine weevils cover their eggs with chewed bark and feces (frass) resulting in avoidance behavior of feeding conspecifics towards egg laying sites. It has been suggested that microorganisms present in the frass may be responsible for producing deterrent compounds for the pine weevil. The fungi Ophiostoma canum, O. pluriannulatum, and yeast Debaryomyces hansenii were isolated from aseptically collected pine-weevil frass. The isolated fungi were cultured on weevil frass broth and their volatiles were collected by SPME and identified by GC MS. D. hansenii produced methyl salicylate (MeS) as a major compound, whereas, in addition, O. canum and O. pluriannulatum produced 6-protoilludene. In a multi-choice lab bioassay, MeS strongly reduced pine weevil's attraction to the Pinus sylvestris volatiles. Thus, a fungal metabolite was found that strongly affects the pine weevil host-odor search. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.

  • 44.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Norin, Emil
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Terenius, Olle
    Dept of genetics microbiology and toxicology, Stockholm University.
    Kuttuva Rajarao, Gunaratna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Environmental Microbiology.
    Nordlander, Göran
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Nordenhem, Henrik
    SLU, Uppsala.
    Borg-Karlson, Anna Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Fungal metabolite mask the host plant odor of the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis)Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Azeem, Muhammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
    Terenius, Olle
    Rajarao, Gunaratna Kuttuva
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Nagahama, Kazuhiro
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. Sojo University, Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Science, Department of Applied Microbial Technology, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.
    Nordenhem, Henrik
    Nordlander, Goran
    Borg-Karlson, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. Tartu University, Institute of Technology, Division of Organic Chemistry, Tartu, Estonia.
    Chemodiversity and biodiversity of fungi associated with the pine weevil Hylobius abietis2015In: Fungal Biology, ISSN 1878-6146, E-ISSN 1878-6162, Vol. 119, no 8, p. 738-46Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The pine weevil Hylobius abietis is a severe pest of conifer seedlings in reforestation areas. Weevils lay eggs in the root bark or in the soil near roots of recently dead trees and cover the eggs with frass (feces combined with chewed bark), possibly to avoid conspecific egg predation. The aim of the present investigation focused on isolation, identification, and volatile production of fungi from pine-weevil feces and frass. Fungi were isolated from weevil frass and feces separately, followed by identification based on ITS sequencing. Fifty-nine isolates belonging to the genera Penicillium, Ophiostoma, Mucor, Leptographium, Eucasphaeria, Rhizosphaera, Debaryomyces, and Candida were identified. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the fungal community and fungal isolates cultured on weevil-frass broth were identified by SPME-GCMS. Major VOCs emitted from the fungal community and pure isolates were species- and strain specific and included isopentylalcohol, styrene, 3-octanone, 6-protoilludene, methyl salicylate, 3-methylanisole, 2-methoxyphenol, and phenol. Some of these are known to influence the orientation of pine weevils when tested among highly attractive newly planted conifer seedlings.

  • 46.
    Bah, Juho
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Metal-Free Catalysis for Efficient Synthesis2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The strength of efficient metal-free catalysis will be examined in this thesis. Efforts towards more sustainable processes will be demonstrated through implementation of strategies that meet several of the 12 principles of Green Chemistry.In the first part, a stereoselective total synthesis of multiple alkaloids from the Corynantheine and Ipecac families together with their non-natural analogues will be disclosed. A highly efficient, common synthetic strategy is applied leading to high overall yields starting from easily available starting material. Overall operational simplicity and sustainability have been the main focus. Time-consuming and waste-generating isolations and purifications of intermediates have been minimized, as well as the introduction of protection-group chemistry. Moreover, the first example of the total synthesis of Hydroxydihydrocorynantheol together with its non-natural epimer has been accomplished in multi-gram scale without protection groups and without a single isolation or purification step in high overall yield and diastereoselectivity.In the second part, carbocations will be presented as highly effective and versatile non-metal Lewis acid catalysts. Lewis acidity-tuning of carbocations will be introduced and applied in several reactions to suppress competing reactions. Finally, the broad scope of carbocation catalyzed transformations will be exposed.At large, evident progress has been made towards more sustainable chemistry.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Thesis
  • 47.
    Bah, Juho
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Franzén, Johan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Carbocations as Lewis Acid Catalysts in Diels-Alder and Michael Addition Reactions2014In: Chemistry - A European Journal, ISSN 0947-6539, E-ISSN 1521-3765, Vol. 20, no 4, p. 1066-1072Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In general, Lewis acid catalysts are metal-based compounds that owe their reactivity to a low-lying empty orbital. However, one potential Lewis acid that has received negligible attention as a catalyst is the carbocation. We have demonstrated the potential of the carbocation as a highly powerful Lewis acid catalyst for organic reactions. The stable and easily available triphenylmethyl (trityl) cation was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the Diels-Alder reaction for a range of substrates. Catalyst loadings as low as 500ppm, excellent yields, and good endo/exo selectivities were achieved. Furthermore, by changing the electronic properties of the substituents on the tritylium ion, the Lewis acidity of the catalyst could be tuned to control the outcome of the reaction. The ability of this carbocation as a Lewis acid catalyst was also further extended to the Michael reaction.

  • 48.
    Bah, Juho
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Naidu, Veluru Ramesh
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Teske, Johannes
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Franzén, Johan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Carbocations as Lewis Acid Catalysts: Reactivity and Scope2015In: Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis, ISSN 1615-4150, E-ISSN 1615-4169, Vol. 357, no 1, p. 148-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    One class of potential Lewis acids that has received negligible attention as a catalyst is the carbocation. Here we show the potential of triarylmethylium ions as highly powerful Lewis acid catalysts for organic reactions. The Lewis acidity of the triarylmethylium ion can be easily tuned by variation of the electronic properties of the aromatic rings and the catalytic activity of the carbocation is shown to correlate directly to the level of stabilization of the empty p(C)-orbital at the cationic carbon. The versatility of triarylmethylium ions as efficient Lewis acid catalysts for organic reactions is demonstrated in Diels-Alder, aza-Diels-Alder, conjugate addition, halogenation, epoxide rearrangement and intramolecular hetro-ene reactions.

  • 49. Bai, Lichen
    et al.
    Li, Fei
    Wang, Yong
    Li, Hua
    Jiang, Xiaojuan
    Sun, Licheng
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry. Dalian University of Technology (DUT), China.
    Visible-light-driven selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol and thioanisole by molecular ruthenium catalyst modified hematite2016In: Chemical Communications, ISSN 1359-7345, E-ISSN 1364-548X, Vol. 52, no 62, p. 9711-9714Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Molecular ruthenium catalysts were found to selectively catalyze the oxidation of thioanisole to sulfoxide with a yield up to 100% in the presence of visible light and sacrificial reagents when they were anchored onto hematite powder. The composite photocatalysts also showed about 5 times higher efficiencies in benzyl alcohol oxidation than the system composed of dispersed molecular catalysts and hematite particles in aqueous solution. A photoelectrochemical cell based on a molecular catalyst modified hematite photoanode was further fabricated, which exhibited high activity towards the oxidation of organic substrates.

  • 50. Baroffio, C. A.
    et al.
    Guibert, V.
    Richoz, P.
    Rogivue, A.
    Borg-Karlsson, Anna Karin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Organic Chemistry.
    Cross, J.
    Fountain, M.
    Hall, D.
    Ralle, B.
    Sigsgaard, L.
    Trandem, N.
    Wibe, A.
    Management of insect pests using semiochemical traps2016In: Acta Horticulturae, 2016, Vol. 1137, p. 121-127Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the absence of effective control measures, the strawberry blossom weevil (Anthonomus rubi) (SBW) and the raspberry beetle (Byturus tomentosus) (RB) cause large (10 - >80%) losses in yield and quality in organically grown raspberry. Attractive lures for both pests were combined into a single multitrap for the economical management of both of these pests at the same time. This is one of the first approaches to pest management of non-lepidopteran insect pests of horticultural crops using semiochemicals in the EU, and probably the first to target multiple species from different insect orders. The aim is to develop optimized lures and cost-effective trap designs for mass trapping and to determine the optimum density and spatial and temporal patterns of deployment of the traps for controlling these pests by mass trapping. The combination between an aggregation pheromone that attracts Anthonomus rubi and a raspberry flower volatile that attracts Byturus tomentosus seems to be the best combination.

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