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  • 1.
    Alvfors, Per
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Arnell, Jenny
    IVL.
    Berglin, Niklas
    Innventia.
    Björnsson, Lovisa
    LU.
    Börjesson, Pål
    LU.
    Grahn, Maria
    Chalmers/SP.
    Harvey, Simon
    Chalmers.
    Hoffstedt, Christian
    Innventia.
    Holmgren, Kristina
    IVL.
    Jelse, Kristian
    IVL.
    Klintbom, Patrik
    Kusar, Henrik
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Lidén, Gunnar
    LU.
    Magnusson, Mimmi
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Pettersson, Karin
    Chalmers.
    Rydberg, Tomas
    IVL.
    Sjöström, Krister
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Stålbrand, Henrik
    LU.
    Wallberg, Ola
    LU.
    Wetterlund, Elisabeth
    LiU.
    Zacchi, Guido
    LU.
    Öhrman, Olof
    ETC Piteå.
    Research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors – three illustrative examples: Improvement potential discussed in the context of Well-to-Tank analyses2010Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Currently biofuels have strong political support, both in the EU and Sweden. The EU has, for example, set a target for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector stating that all EU member states should use 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020. Fulfilling this ambition will lead to an enormous market for biofuels during the coming decade. To avoid increasing production of biofuels based on agriculture crops that require considerable use of arable area, focus is now to move towards more advanced second generation (2G) biofuels that can be produced from biomass feedstocks associated with a more efficient land use. Climate benefits and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances are aspects often discussed in conjunction with sustainability and biofuels. The total GHG emissions associated with production and usage of biofuels depend on the entire fuel production chain, mainly the agriculture or forestry feedstock systems and the manufacturing process. To compare different biofuel production pathways it is essential to conduct an environmental assessment using the well-to-tank (WTT) analysis methodology. In Sweden the conditions for biomass production are favourable and we have promising second generation biofuels technologies that are currently in the demonstration phase. In this study we have chosen to focus on cellulose based ethanol, methane from gasification of solid wood as well as DME from gasification of black liquor, with the purpose of identifying research and development potentials that may result in improvements in the WTT emission values. The main objective of this study is thus to identify research and development challenges for Swedish biofuel actors based on literature studies as well as discussions with the the researchers themselves. We have also discussed improvement potentials for the agriculture and forestry part of the WTT chain. The aim of this study is to, in the context of WTT analyses, (i) increase knowledge about the complexity of biofuel production, (ii) identify and discuss improvement potentials, regarding energy efficiency and GHG emissions, for three biofuel production cases, as well as (iii) identify and discuss improvement potentials regarding biomass supply, including agriculture/forestry. The scope of the study is limited to discussing the technologies, system aspects and climate impacts associated with the production stage. Aspects such as the influence on biodiversity and other environmental and social parameters fall beyond the scope of this study. We find that improvement potentials for emissions reductions within the agriculture/forestry part of the WTT chain include changing the use of diesel to low-CO2-emitting fuels, changing to more fuel-efficient tractors, more efficient cultivation and manufacture of fertilizers (commercial nitrogen fertilizer can be produced in plants which have nitrous oxide gas cleaning) as well as improved fertilization strategies (more precise nitrogen application during the cropping season). Furthermore, the cultivation of annual feedstock crops could be avoided on land rich in carbon, such as peat soils and new agriculture systems could be introduced that lower the demand for ploughing and harrowing. Other options for improving the WTT emission values includes introducing new types of crops, such as wheat with higher content of starch or willow with a higher content of cellulose. From the case study on lignocellulosic ethanol we find that 2G ethanol, with co-production of biogas, electricity, heat and/or wood pellet, has a promising role to play in the development of sustainable biofuel production systems. Depending on available raw materials, heat sinks, demand for biogas as vehicle fuel and existing 1G ethanol plants suitable for integration, 2G ethanol production systems may be designed differently to optimize the economic conditions and maximize profitability. However, the complexity connected to the development of the most optimal production systems require improved knowledge and involvement of several actors from different competence areas, such as chemical and biochemical engineering, process design and integration and energy and environmental systems analysis, which may be a potential barrier.

  • 2. Ammenberg, J.
    et al.
    Anderberg, S.
    Lönnqvist, Tomas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Grönkvist, Stefan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Sandberg, Thomas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Biogas in the transport sector—actor and policy analysis focusing on the demand side in the Stockholm region2018In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 129, p. 70-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has ambitions to phase out fossil fuels and significantly increase the share of biofuels it uses. This article focuses on Stockholm County and biogas, with the aim to increase the knowledge about regional preconditions. Biogas-related actors have been interviewed, focusing on the demand side. Biogas solutions play an essential role, especially regarding bus transports and taxis. Long-term development has created well-functioning socio-technical systems involving collaboration. However, uncertainties about demand and policy cause hesitation and signs of stagnating development. Public organizations are key actors regarding renewables. For example, Stockholm Public Transport procures biogas matching the production at municipal wastewater treatment plants, the state-owned company Swedavia steers via a queuing system for taxis, and the municipalities have shifted to “environmental cars”. There is a large interest in electric vehicles, which is expected to increase significantly, partially due to suggested national policy support. The future role of biogas will be affected by how such an expansion comes about. There might be a risk of electricity replacing biogas, making it more challenging to reach a fossil-free vehicle fleet. Policy issues strongly influence the development. The environmental car definition is of importance, but its limited focus fails to account for several different types of relevant effects. The dynamic policy landscape with uncertainties about decision makers’ views on biogas seems to be one important reason behind the decreased pace of development. A national, long-term strategy is missing. Both the European Union and Sweden have high ambitions regarding a bio-based and circular economy, which should favor biogas solutions.

  • 3.
    Ammenberg, Jonas
    et al.
    Linköping University.
    Anderberg, Stefan
    Linköping University.
    Lönnqvist, Tomas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Grönkvist, Stefan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Sandberg, Thomas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Biogas in the transport sector - a regional actor and policy analysis focusing on the demand sideManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 4. An, Lin
    et al.
    Yu, Xinhai
    Yang, Jie
    Tu, Shan-Tung
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    CO2 capture using a superhydrophobic ceramic membrane contactor2015In: CLEAN, EFFICIENT AND AFFORDABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, Elsevier, 2015, p. 2287-2292Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wetting and fouling of membrane contactor result in performance deterioration of membrane gas absorption system for CO2 post-combustion capture of coal-fired power plants. To solve these problems, in this study, a superhydrophobic ceramic (SC) membrane contactor was fabricated by chemically modification using 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctylethoxysilane (FAS) solution. The membrane contactor fabrication costs for both SC membrane and PP (polypropylene) membrane contactors per unit mass absorbed CO2 were roughly the same. However, by using the SC membrane, the detrimental effects of wetting can be alleviated by periodic drying to ensure a high CO2 removal efficiency (>90%), whereas the drying does not work for the PP membrane. The SC membrane contactor exhibited a better anti-fouling ability than the PP membrane contactor because the superhydrophobic surface featured a self-cleaning function. To ensure continuous CO2 removal with high efficiency, a method that two SC membrane contactors alternatively operate combined with periodic drying was proposed. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  • 5. Bai, Q.
    et al.
    Guo, Z.
    Cui, X.
    Yang, Xiaohu
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Yanhua, L.
    Jin, L.
    Sun, Y.
    Experimental investigation on the solidification rate of water in open-cell metal foam with copper fins2018In: Energy Procedia, Elsevier Ltd , 2018, p. 210-214Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study focused on the effect of inserting fins into metal foam on the solidification rate. To this aim, a well-designed experimental system with solid-liquid interface visualization was built. Metal foam samples with different fin intervals were prepared for experiments. Solidification process of water saturating in finned metal foam under bottom cooling was experimentally investigated. Results showed that inserting fins into metal foam can make a promotional improvement on solidification rate of water. The solid-liquid interface became curved after inserting fins, compared with metal foam sample without fins. Besides, changing the interval has little effect on the solidification rate. 

  • 6.
    Bartlett, Michael A.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Westermark, Mats O.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    A study of humidified gas turbines for short-term realization in midsized power generation - Part I: Nonintercooled cycle analysis2005In: Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, ISSN 0742-4795, E-ISSN 1528-8919, Vol. 127, no 1, p. 91-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Humidified Gas Turbine (HGT) cycles are a group of advanced gas turbine cycles that use water-air mixtures as the working media. In this article, three known HGT configurations are examined in the context of short-term realization for small to midsized power generation: the Steam Injected Gas Turbine, the Full-flow Evaporative Gas Turbine, and the Part-flow Evaporative Gas Turbine. The heat recovery characteristics and performance potential of these three cycles are assessed, with and without intercooling, and a preliminary economic analysis is carried out for the most promising cycles.

  • 7.
    Bartlett, Michael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Westermark, Mats O.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    A study of humidified gas turbines for short-term realization in midsized power generation - Part II: Intercooled cycle analysis and final economic evaluation2005In: Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, ISSN 0742-4795, E-ISSN 1528-8919, Vol. 127, no 1, p. 100-108Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Humidified gas turbine (HGT) cycles are a group of advanced gas turbine cycles that use water-air mixtures as the working media. In this article, three known HGT configurations are examined in the context of short-term realization for small to mid-sized power generation: the steam injected gas turbine, the full-flow evaporative gas turbine, and the part-flow evaporative gas turbine. The heat recovery characteristics and performance potential of these three cycles are assessed, with and without intercooling, and a preliminary economic analysis is carried out for the most promising cycles.

  • 8. Birgersson, K. E.
    et al.
    Balaya, P.
    Chou, S. K.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Energy Solutions for a Sustainable World2012In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 90, no 1, p. 1-2Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Bojler Görling, Martin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Energy system evaluation of thermo-chemical biofuel production: Process development by integration of power cycles and sustainable electricity2012Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Fossil fuels dominate the world energy supply today and the transport sector is no exception. Renewable alternatives must therefore be introduced to replace fossil fuels and their emissions, without sacrificing our standard of living. There is a good potential for biofuels but process improvements are essential, to ensure efficient use of a limited amount of biomass and better compete with fossil alternatives. The general aim of this research is therefore to investigate how to improve efficiency in biofuel production by process development and co-generation of heat and electricity. The work has been divided into three parts; power cycles in biofuel production, methane production via pyrolysis and biofuels from renewable electricity.

    The studies of bio-based methanol plants showed that steam power generation has a key role in the large-scale biofuel production process. However, a large portion of the steam from the recovered reaction heat is needed in the fuel production process. One measure to increase steam power generation, evaluated in this thesis, is to lower the steam demand by humidification of the gasification agent. Pinch analysis indicated synergies from gas turbine integration and our studies concluded that the electrical efficiency for natural gas fired gas turbines amounts to 56-58%, in the same range as for large combined cycle plants. The use of the off-gas from the biofuel production is also a potential integration option but difficult for modern high-efficient gas turbines. Furthermore, gasification with oxygen and extensive syngas cleaning might be too energy-consuming for efficient power generation.

    Methane production via pyrolysis showed improved efficiency compared with the competing route via gasification. The total biomass to methane efficiency, including additional biomass to fulfil the power demand, was calculated to 73-74%. The process benefits from lower thermal losses and less reaction heat when syngas is avoided as an intermediate step and can handle high-alkali fuels such as annual crops.

    Several synergies were discovered when integrating conventional biofuel production with addition of hydrogen. Introducing hydrogen would also greatly increase the biofuel production potential for regions with limited biomass resources. It was also concluded that methane produced from electrolysis of water could be economically feasible if the product was priced in parity with petrol.

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  • 10.
    Bojler Görling, Martin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Moghaddam, Elham Ahmadi
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Grönkvist, Stefan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Hansson, Per-Anders
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences .
    Larsson, Mårten
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Nordberg, Åke
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences .
    Pre-study of biogas production from low-temperature production of biogas: Report from an f3 R&D project2013Report (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Bryngelsson, Mårten
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Grönkvist, Stefan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Möllersten, Kenneth
    CDM from Jevons’ perspective: Do emission reductions go together with increasing supply of energy, efficiency improvement and rapid development?2005Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 12. Budt, M.
    et al.
    Wolf, D.
    Span, R.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    A review on compressed air energy storage: Basic principles, past milestones and recent developments2016In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 170, p. 250-268Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Over the past decades a variety of different approaches to realize Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) have been undertaken. This article gives an overview of present and past approaches by classifying and comparing CAES processes. This classification and comparison is substantiated by a broad historical background on how CAES has evolved over time from its very beginning until its most recent advancements. A broad review on the variety of CAES concepts and compressed air storage (CAS) options is given, evaluating their individual strengths and weaknesses. The concept of exergy is applied to CAES in order to enhance the fundamental understanding of CAES. Furthermore, the importance of accurate fluid property data for the calculation and design of CAES processes is discussed. In a final outlook upcoming R&D challenges are addressed.

  • 13. Budt, Marcus
    et al.
    Wolf, Daniel
    Span, Roland
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE - AN OPTION FOR MEDIUM TO LARGE SCALE ELECTRICAL-ENERGY STORAGE2016In: CUE 2015 - APPLIED ENERGY SYMPOSIUM AND SUMMIT 2015: LOW CARBON CITIES AND URBAN ENERGY SYSTEMS, Elsevier, 2016, p. 698-702Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This contribution presents the theoretical background of compressed air energy storage, examples for large scale application of this technology, chances and obstacles for its future development, and areas of research aiming at the development of commercially viable plants in the medium to large scale range.

  • 14.
    Bundschuh, Jochen
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Chen, Guangnan
    Yusaf, Talal
    Chen, Shulin
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Sustainable energy and climate protection solutions in agriculture2014In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 114, no SI, p. 735-736Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Bäbler, Matthäus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Biferale, Luca
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Feudel, Ulrike
    Guseva, Ksenia
    Lanotte, Alessandra S.
    Marchioli, Cristian
    Picano, Francesco
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. University of Padua, Italy.
    Sardina, Gaetano
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Soldati, Alfredo
    Toschi, Federico
    Numerical simulations of aggregate breakup in bounded and unbounded turbulent flows2015In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 766Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Breakup of small aggregates in fully developed turbulence is studied by means of direct numerical simulations in a series of typical bounded and unbounded flow configurations, such as a turbulent channel flow, a developing boundary layer and homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The simplest criterion for breakup is adopted, whereby aggregate breakup occurs when the local hydrodynamic stress sigma similar to epsilon(1/2), with epsilon being the energy dissipation at the position of the aggregate, overcomes a given threshold sigma(cr), which is characteristic for a given type of aggregate. Results show that the breakup rate decreases with increasing threshold. For small thresholds, it develops a scaling behaviour among the different flows. For high thresholds, the breakup rates show strong differences between the different flow configurations, highlighting the importance of non-universal mean-flow properties. To further assess the effects of flow inhomogeneity and turbulent fluctuations, the results are compared with those obtained in a smooth stochastic flow. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations and applicability of a set of independent proxies.

  • 16.
    Bäbler, Matthäus Ulrich
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Phounglamcheik, Aekjuthon
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology. Luleå University of Technology, Sweden.
    Amovic, Marko
    Ljunggren, Rolf
    Engvall, Klas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Modeling and pilot plant runs of slow biomass pyrolysis in a rotary kiln2017In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 207, p. 123-133Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pyrolysis of biomass in a rotary kiln finds application both as an intermediate step in multistage gasification as well as a process on its own for the production of biochar. In this work, a numerical model for pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in a rotary kiln is developed. The model is based on a set of conservation equations for mass and energy, combined with independent submodels for the pyrolysis reaction, heat transfer, and granular flow inside the kiln. The pyrolysis reaction is described by a two-step mechanism where biomass decays into gas, char, and tar that subsequently undergo further reactions; the heat transfer model accounts for conduction, convection and radiation inside the kiln; and the granular flow model is described by the well known Saeman model. The model is compared to experimental data obtained from a pilot scale rotary kiln pyrolyzer. In total 9 pilot plant trials at different feed flow rate and different heat supply were run. For moderate heat supplies we found good agreement between the model and the experiments while deviations were seen at high heat supply. Using the model to simulate various operation conditions reveals a strong interplay between heat transfer and granular flow which both are controlled by the kiln rotation speed. Also, the model indicates the importance of heat losses and lays the foundation for scale up calculations and process optimization.

  • 17. Cabeza, Luisa F.
    et al.
    Martin, Viktoria
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Heat and Power Technology.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, School of Business, Västerås, Sweden .
    Advances in energy storage research and development: The 12th International Conference on Energy Storage Innostock 20122013In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 109, p. 291-292Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 18. Campana, P. E.
    et al.
    Leduc, S.
    Kim, M.
    Olsson, Alexander
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Zhang, J.
    Liu, J.
    Kraxner, F.
    McCallum, I.
    Li, H.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Suitable and optimal locations for implementing photovoltaic water pumping systems for grassland irrigation in China2017In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 185, p. 1879-1889Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Grassland plays a key role for the food security of China because of the large number of livestock raised in those areas. Thus, grassland degradation due to climate change and overgrazing is considered as one of the most severe environmental and economic threat for the future sustainable development of China. Photovoltaic water pumping systems for irrigation can play a fundamental role for the conservation of grassland areas.This paper investigates the geospatial distribution of the technically suitable grassland locations for the implementation of photovoltaic water pumping systems. The technically suitable grassland areas were taken as starting point to assess the optimal locations. The assessment of the optimal locations was conducted using a spatially explicit optimization model of renewable energy systems based on the cost minimization of the whole forage supply chain.The results indicate that the photovoltaic water pumping systems provide high potential for improving forage productivity, contributing to meet the local demand. The optimal areas are highly sensitive to several environmental and economic parameters such as increased forage potential yield, forage management costs, forage water requirements, ground water depth, forage price and CO2 price. Most of the optimal areas are selected when the market forage price ranges from 300 to 500$/tonne DM, indicating that the forage produced using PVWP technology for irrigation is already competitive compared to the imported forage.

  • 19. Campana, P. E.
    et al.
    Li, H.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Dynamic modelling of a PV pumping system with special consideration on water demand2013In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 112, no SI, p. 635-645Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The exploitation of solar energy in remote areas through photovoltaic (PV) systems is an attractive solution for water pumping for irrigation systems. The design of a photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) strictly depends on the estimation of the crop water requirements and land use since the water demand varies during the watering season and the solar irradiation changes time by time. It is of significance to conduct dynamic simulations in order to achieve the successful and optimal design. The aim of this paper is to develop a dynamic modelling tool for the design of a of photovoltaic water pumping system by combining the models of the water demand, the solar PV power and the pumping system, which can be used to validate the design procedure in terms of matching between water demand and water supply. Both alternate current (AC) and direct current (DC) pumps and both fixed and two-axis tracking PV array were analyzed. The tool has been applied in a case study. Results show that it has the ability to do rapid design and optimization of PV water pumping system by reducing the power peak and selecting the proper devices from both technical and economic viewpoints. Among the different alternatives considered in this study, the AC fixed system represented the best cost effective solution.

  • 20. Campana, P. E.
    et al.
    Zhu, Y.
    Brugiati, E.
    Li, H.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    PV water pumping for irrigation equipped with a novel control system for water savings2014In: Energy Procedia, 2014, p. 949-952Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Typically, PV water pumping (PVWP) systems for irrigation are normally designed based on the worst conditions, such as high water demand and low solar irradiation. Therefore, the installed PVWP systems become oversized in most of time. Since the conventional control systems don't optimize the water supply, the water losses are increased. To remedy the problems related to the operation of the oversized systems, a novel control system is proposed. The control unit interacts between water demand and water supply in order to pump only the amount required by crops. Moreover, the novel control system substitutes the conventional protection approach with a method based on the ground water resources availability and response. The novel control system represents an innovative solution for water savings in PV watering applications.

  • 21. Campana, Pietro Elia
    et al.
    Holmberg, Aksel
    Pettersson, Oscar
    Klintenberg, Patrik
    Hangula, Abraham
    Araoz, Fabian Benavente
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE).
    Zhang, Yang
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Stridh, Bengt
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    An open-source optimization tool for solar home systems: A case study in Namibia2016In: Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN 0196-8904, E-ISSN 1879-2227, Vol. 130, p. 106-118Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Solar home systems (SHSs) represent a viable technical solution for providing electricity to households and improving standard of living conditions in areas not reached by the national grid or local grids. For this reason, several rural electrification programmes in developing countries, including Namibia, have been relying on SHSs to electrify rural off-grid communities. However, the limited technical know-how of service providers, often resulting in over-or under-sized SHSs, is an issue that has to be solved to avoid dissatisfaction of SHSs' users. The solution presented here is to develop an open-source software that service providers can use to optimally design SHSs components based on the specific electricity requirements of the end-user, The aim of this study is to develop and validate an optimization model written in MS Excel-VBA which calculates the optimal SHSs components capacities guaranteeing the minimum costs and the maximum system reliability. The results obtained with the developed tool showed good agreement with a commercial software and a computational code used in research activities. When applying the developed optimization tool to existing systems, the results identified that several components were incorrectly sized. The tool has thus the potentials of improving future SHSs installations, contributing to increasing satisfaction of end-users.

  • 22. Campana, Pietro Elia
    et al.
    Leduc, Sylvain
    Kim, Moonil
    Liu, Junguo
    Kraxner, Florian
    McCallum, Ian
    Li, Hailong
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Optimal grassland locations for sustainable photovoltaic water pumping systems in China2015In: CLEAN, EFFICIENT AND AFFORDABLE ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE, Elsevier, 2015, p. 301-307Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Grassland is of strategic importance for food security of China because of the high number of livestock raised in those areas. Grassland degradation due to climate change and overgrazing is thus regarded as severe environmental and economic threat for a sustainable future development of China. Photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) systems for irrigation can play an important role for the conservation of grassland areas, halting degradation, improving its productivity and farmers' income and living conditions. The aim of this paper is to identify the technically suitable grassland areas for the implementation of PVWP systems by assessing spatial data on land cover and slope, precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and water stress index. Furthermore, the optimal locations for installing PVWP systems have been assessed using a spatially explicit renewable energy systems optimization model based on the minimization of the cost of the whole supply chain. The results indicate that the PVWP-supported grassland areas show high potential in terms of improving forage productivity to contribute to supplying the local demand. Nevertheless, the optimal areas are highly sensitive to several environmental and economic parameters such as ground water depth, forage water requirements, forage price and CO2 emission costs. These parameters need to be carefully considered in the planning process to meet the forage yield potentials. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  • 23. Campana, Pietro Elia
    et al.
    Li, Hailong
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Yan, Jinyue
    Malardalen Univ.
    Techno-economic feasibility of the irrigation system for the grassland and farmland conservation in China: Photovoltaic vs. wind power water pumping2015In: Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN 0196-8904, E-ISSN 1879-2227, Vol. 103, p. 311-320Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) and wind power water pumping (WPWP) systems for irrigation represent innovative solutions for the restoration of degraded grassland and the conservation of farmland in remote areas of China. The present work systematically compares the technical and economic suitability of such systems, providing a general approach for the design and selection of the suitable technology for irrigation purposes. The model calculates the PVWP and WPWP systems sizes based on irrigation water requirement (IWR), solar irradiation and wind speed. Based on the lowest PVWP and WPWP systems components costs, WPWP systems can compete with PVWP systems only at high wind speed and low solar irradiation values. Nevertheless, taking into account the average specific costs both for PVWP and WPWP systems, it can be concluded that the most cost-effective solution for irrigation is site specific. According to the dynamic simulations, it has also been found that the PVWP systems present better performances in terms of matching between IWR and water supply compared to the WPWP systems. The mismatch between IWR and pumped water resulted in a reduction of crop yield. Therefore, the dynamic simulations of the crop yield are essential for economic assessment and technology selection. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 24. Campana, Pietro Elia
    et al.
    Olsson, Alexander
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Li, Hailong
    Yan, Jinyue
    An economic analysis of photovoltaic water pumping irrigation systems2016In: International Journal of Green Energy, ISSN 1543-5075, E-ISSN 1543-5083, Vol. 13, no 8, p. 831-839Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Irrigation using the photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) systems represents a sustainable and attractive solution, which can combat Chinese grassland desertification and promote a sustainable development of the agricultural sector. This paper investigates the economics of PVWP systems taking into consideration the effects of the key components on the initial capital cost (ICC), life cycle cost (LCC), and revenues. Sensitivity analyses are conducted regarding the crop yield and price, cost of photovoltaic modules, and system components included in the ICC. Results show that the cost of the PVWP system is the most sensitive parameter affecting the ICC under the assumptions made, especially the cost of the PV modules; whereas, the crop production and price affect the net present value (NPV) and payback period (PBP) clearly. The PVWP has surplus power output when the crop water demand is low or it is non-irrigation season. The potential benefit from selling the surplus electricity is also discussed. In addition, the indirect benefits of carbon sequestration and CO2 emission reduction by applying PVWP systems are addressed in this paper.

  • 25. Campana, Pietro Elia
    et al.
    Quan, Steven Jige
    Robbio, Federico Ignacio
    Lundblad, Anders
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Zhang, Yang
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Ma, Tao
    Karlssona, Bjorn
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Optimization of a residential district with special consideration on energy and water reliability2017In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 194, p. 751-764Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many cities around the world have reached a critical situation when it comes to energy and water supply, threatening the urban sustainable development. From an engineering and architecture perspective it is mandatory to design cities taking into account energy and water issues to achieve high living and sustainability standards. The aim of this paper is to develop an optimization model for the planning of residential urban districts with special consideration of renewables and water harvesting integration. The optimization model is multi-objective which uses a genetic algorithm to minimize the system life cycle costs, and maximize renewables and water harvesting reliability through dynamic simulations. The developed model can be used for spatial optimization design of new urban districts. It can also be employed for analyzing the performances of existing urban districts under an energy-water-economic viewpoint. The optimization results show that the reliability of the hybrid renewables based power system can vary between 40 and 95% depending on the scenarios considered regarding the built environment area and on the cases concerning the overall electric load. The levelized cost of electricity vary between 0.096 and 0.212 $/kW h. The maximum water harvesting system reliability vary between 30% and 100% depending on the built environment area distribution. For reliabilities below 20% the levelized cost of water is kept below 1 $/m(3) making competitive with the network water tariff.

  • 26. Campana, Pietro Elia
    et al.
    Quan, Steven Jige
    Robbio, Federico Ignacio
    Lundblad, Anders
    Zhang, Yang
    Ma, Tao
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Spatial optimization of residential urban district - Energy and water perspectives2016In: CUE 2015 - APPLIED ENERGY SYMPOSIUM AND SUMMIT 2015: LOW CARBON CITIES AND URBAN ENERGY SYSTEMS, Elsevier, 2016, p. 38-43Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many cities around the world have reached a critical situation when it comes to energy and water supply, threatening the urban sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to develop a spatial optimization model for the planning of residential urban districts with special consideration of renewables and water harvesting integration. In particular, the paper analyses the optimal configuration of built environment area, PV area, wind turbines number and relative occupation area, battery and water harvester storage capacities, as a function of electricity and water prices. The optimization model is multi-objective which uses a genetic algorithm to minimize the system life cycle costs, and maximize renewables and water harvesting reliability. The developed model can be used for spatial optimization design of new urban districts. It can also be employed for analyzing the performances of existing urban districts under an energy-water-economic viewpoint. Assuming a built environment area equal to 75% of the total available area, the results show that the reliability of the renewables and water harvesting system cannot exceed the 6475 and 2500 hours/year, respectively. The life cycle costs of integrating renewables and water harvesting into residential districts are mainly sensitive to the battery system specific costs since most of the highest renewables reliabilities are guaranteed through the energy storage system.

  • 27. Chen, Silan
    et al.
    Liu, Jiahong
    Wang, Hao
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Campana, Pietro Elia
    Zhang, Jun
    Interaction relationship between urban domestic energy consumption and water use - a case study of Beijing and Shanghai2016In: Water Policy, ISSN 1366-7017, E-ISSN 1996-9759, Vol. 18, no 3, p. 670-684Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Energy consumption and water use are inextricably linked. Combining research on energy consumption and water use in an urban context provides a scientific basis for the integrated planning of energy and water supply systems. Domestic energy and water are among the most consumed resources in urban environments. Furthermore, domestic resources represent an increasing proportion of the total resources consumed. This paper explores four key indicators of urban energy consumption (UEC) and water use in Beijing and Shanghai for the period of 2000 to 2011. Using correlation analysis, this study establishes the intrinsic relationship between UEC and water use. It also offers an analysis of the consumption trends of these two resources as well as their interactive relationship. The results show that urban domestic energy consumption (UDEC) and water use have a significant linear correlation: UDEC is positively correlated with water use, and the correlation coefficients of Beijing and Shanghai are 0.81 and 0.97, respectively. In Beijing, urban domestic energy and water use per capita are negatively correlated, with the high correlation coefficient of 0.93. In Shanghai, urban domestic energy and water use per capita are positively correlated, with the correlation coefficient of 0.90.

  • 28. Chiaramonti, D.
    et al.
    Lidén, G.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Advances in sustainable biofuel production and use. The XIX international symposium on alcohol fuels2013In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 102, p. 1-4Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 29. Chiaramonti, D.
    et al.
    Maniatis, K.
    Tredici, M. R.
    Verdelho, V.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Malardalen Univ.
    Life Cycle Assessment of Algae Biofuels: Needs and challenges2015In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 154, p. 1049-1051Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 30. Chisti, Yusuf
    et al.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Energy from algae: Current status and future trends: Algal biofuels - A status report2011In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 88, no 10, p. 3277-3279Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 31. Choi, Byungchul
    et al.
    Park, Su Han
    Chiarmonti, David
    Bae, Hyeun-Jong
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen Univ.
    Sustainable alcohol fuels promoting mobility and climate stabilization: The 21st International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels2015In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 160, p. 561-565Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 32. Chua, K. J.
    et al.
    Chou, S. K.
    Yang, W. M.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Achieving better energy-efficient air conditioning - A review of technologies and strategies2013In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 104, p. 87-104Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Air conditioning is essential for maintaining thermal comfort in indoor environments, particularly for hot and humid climates. Today, air conditioning, comprising cooling and dehumidification, has become a necessity in commercial and residential buildings and industrial processes. It accounts for a major share of the energy consumption of a building or facility. In tropical climates, the energy consumed by heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) can exceed 50% of the total energy consumption of a building. This significant figure is primarily due to the heavy duty placed on cooling technologies to remove both sensible and latent heat loads. Therefore, there is tremendous potential to improve the overall efficiency of the air-conditioning systems in buildings.Based on today's practical technology for cooling, the major components of a chiller plant are (1) compressors, (2) cooling towers, (3) pumps (chilled and cooling water) and (4) fans in air handling units. They all consume mainly electricity to operate. When specifying the kW/R. ton of a plant, there are two levels of monitoring cooling efficiency: (1) at the efficiency of the chiller machines or the compressors which consume a major amount of electricity; and (2) at the overall efficiency of cooling plants which include the cooling towers, pumps for moving coolant (chilled and cooling water) to all air-handling units. Pragmatically, a holistic approach is necessary towards achieving a low energy input per cooling achieved such as 0.6. kW/R. ton cooling or lower by considering all aspects of the cooling plant.In this paper, we present a review of recent innovative cooling technology and strategies that could potentially lower the kW/R. ton of cooling systems - from the existing mean of 0.9. kW/R. ton towards 0.6. kW/R. ton or lower. The paper, broadly divided into three key sections (see Fig. 2), begins with a review of the recent novel devices that enhances the energy efficiency of cooling systems at the component level. This is followed by a review of innovative cooling systems designs that reduces energy use for air conditioning. Lastly, the paper presents recent developments in intelligent air-control strategies and smart chiller sequencing methodologies that reduce the primary energy utilization for cooling.The energy efficient cooling technology, innovative systems designs, and intelligent control strategies described in the paper have been recently researched or are on-going studies. Several have been implemented on a larger scale and, therefore, are examples of practical solutions that can be readily applied to suit specific needs.

  • 33. Chutichai, Bhawasut
    et al.
    Im-Orb, Karittha
    Alvfors, Per
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Arpornwichanop, Amoynchai
    Design of an integrated biomass gasification and proton exchange membrane fuel cell system under self-sustainable conditions: Process modification and heat-exchanger network synthesis2017In: International journal of hydrogen energy, ISSN 0360-3199, E-ISSN 1879-3487, Vol. 42, no 1, p. 448-458Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The design and analysis of an integrated biomass gasification and PEMFC system to generate heat and power demand for residential applications are presented in this study. Two biomass gasification configurations using sawdust as a feedstock are considered: air steam biomass gasification (AS-BG-PEMFC) and steam-only biomass gasification (SO-BG-PEMFC). The biomass processing consists of a biomass gasification which is used to produce H-2-rich gas (syngas), followed by high- and low-temperature shift reactors and a preferential oxidation reactor. Pinch analysis is performed to evaluate and design a heat-exchanger network in the two biomass gasification systems. The remaining useful heat is recovered and employed for a reactant preparation step and for a heating utility system in a household. The simulation results indicate that the SO-BG-PEMFC generates syngas with a greater H2 content than the AS-BG-PEMFC, resulting in higher fuel processor and electric efficiencies. However, the AS-BG-PEMFC provides a higher thermal efficiency because a high temperature gaseous product is obtained, and more energy is thereby recovered to the system. The total heat and power efficiencies of the AS-BG-PEMFC and the SO-BG-PEMFC are 83% and 70%, respectively. The Sankey diagram of energy flows reveals that the performance improvement depends entirely on the utilization of useful energy in the exhaust gas.

  • 34. Cronholm, Lars-Åke
    et al.
    Grönkvist, Stefan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Saxe, Maria
    Spillvärme från industrier och lokaler2009Report (Other academic)
  • 35. Dahlquist, E.
    et al.
    Naqvi, M.
    Thorin, E.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Kyprianidis, K.
    Comparison of Gas Quality from Black Liquor and Wood Pellet Gasification Using Modelica Simulation and Pilot Plant Results2017In: 8th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2016; Beijing; China; 8 October 2016 through 11 October 2016, Elsevier, 2017, Vol. 105, p. 992-998Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a potential to integrate biomass gasification with pulp & paper and CHP plants in order to complement the existing systems with production of chemicals, such as methane, hydrogen, and methanol etc. To perform system analysis of such integration, it is important to gain knowledge of relevant input data on expected synthesis gas composition by gasifying different types of feed stock. In this paper, the synthesis gas quality from wood pellets gasification (WPG) has been compared with black liquor gasification (BLG) through modeling and experimental results at pilot scale. In addition, the study develops regression models like Partial Least Squares (PLS) made from the experimental data. The regression models are then combined with dynamic models developed in Modelica for the investigation of dynamic energy and material balances for integrated plants. The data presented in this study could be used as input to relevant analysis using e.g. ASPEN plus and similar system analysis tools.

  • 36. Dahlquist, E.
    et al.
    Naqvi, M.
    Thorin, E.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Kyprianidis, K.
    Hartwell, P.
    Experimental and numerical investigation of pellet and black liquor gasification for polygeneration plant2017In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 204, p. 1055-1064Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is vital to perform system analysis on integrated biomass gasification in chemical recovery systems in pulp and paper and heat and power plants for polygeneration applications. The proposed integration complements existing pulp and paper and heat and power production systems with production of chemicals such as methane and hydrogen. The potential to introduce gasification-based combined cycles comprising gas turbines and steam turbines to utilize black liquors and wood pellets also merits investigation. To perform such analysis, it is important to first build knowledge on expected synthesis gas composition by gasifying at smaller scale different types of feed stock. In the present paper, the synthesis gas quality from wood pellets gasification has been compared with black liquor gasification by means of numerical simulation as well as through pilot-scale experimental investigations. The experimental results have been correlated into partial least squares models to predict the composition of the synthesis gas produced under different operating conditions. The gas quality prediction models are combined with physical models using a generic open-source modelling language for investigating the dynamic performance of large-scale integrated polygeneration plants. The analysis is further complemented by considering potential gas separation using modern membrane technology for upgrading the synthesis gas with respect to hydrogen content. The experimental data and statistical models presented in this study form an important literature source for future use by the gasification and polygeneration research community on further integrated system analysis.

  • 37. Daianova, L.
    et al.
    Dotzauer, E.
    Thorin, E.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Evaluation of a regional bioenergy system with local production of biofuel for transportation, integrated with a CHP plant2012In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 92, p. 739-749Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The share of renewable liquid fuels (ethanol, fatty acid methyl ester, biogas, and renewable electricity) in the total transportation fuel in Sweden, has increased by the end of 2009 to such level that e.g. domestic bioethanol production is unable to satisfy current ethanol fuel demand. Regional small-scale ethanol production can assist the region in covering the regional needs in transport fuel supply. Current case study system includes the production of ethanol, biogas, heat and power from locally available cereals straw. A mixed integer programming (MIP) model is developed for cost optimization of regional transport fuel supply (ethanol, biogas and petrol). The model is applied for two cases, one when ethanol production plant is integrated with an existing CHP plant (polygeneration), and one with a standalone ethanol production plant. The optimization results show that for both cases the changes in ethanol production costs have the biggest influence on the costs for supplying regional passenger car fleet with transport fuel. Petrol fuel price and straw production costs have also a significant effect on costs for supplying cars with transport fuel for both standalone ethanol production and integrated production system. By integrating the ethanol production process with a CHP plant, the costs for supplying regional passenger car fleet with transport fuel can be cut by 31%, from 150 to 104 (sic)/MW h fuel, which should be compared with E5 costs of 115 E/MW h (excl VAT).

  • 38. Ding, J.
    et al.
    Pan, G.
    Du, L.
    Lu, J.
    Wei, X.
    Li, J.
    Wang, W.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Theoretical prediction of the local structures and transport properties of binary alkali chloride salts for concentrating solar power2017In: Nano Energy, ISSN 2211-2855, E-ISSN 2211-3282, Vol. 39, p. 380-389Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Comprehensive molecular simulations have been carried out to compute local structures and transport properties of different components of binary NaCl-KCl over a wide operating temperature range. The partial radial distribution functions, coordination number curves and angular distribution functions were calculated to analyze the influence of temperature and component on local structures of molten Alkali Chlorides. Transport properties were calculated by using reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD) simulations including densities, shear viscosity and thermal conductivity. The results show that ion clusters are considered to be formed and the distance of ion clusters become larger with increasing temperature which has great influence on macro-properties. The calculated properties have a good agreement with the experimental data, and similar method could be used to computationally calculate the properties of various molten salts and their mixtures.

  • 39. Duic, Neven
    et al.
    Guzovic, Zvonimir
    Kafarov, Vyatcheslav
    Klemes, Jiri Jaromir
    Mathiessen, Brian vad
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems2013In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 101, p. 3-5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The 6th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES Conference), attended by 418 scientists from 55 countries representing six continents. It was held in 2011 and dedicated to the improvement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for increasing the sustainability of development, taking into account its economic, environmental and social pillars, as well as methods for assessing and measuring sustainability of development, regarding energy, transport, water and environment systems and their many combinations.

  • 40. Elia, C. P.
    et al.
    Yang, Zhang
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Lundblad, Anders
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Hailong, L.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    An Open-source Platform for Simulation and Optimization of Clean Energy Technologies2017In: 8th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2016; Beijing; China; 8 October 2016 through 11 October 2016, Elsevier, 2017, Vol. 105, p. 946-952Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is to describe an open-source code for optimization of clean energy technologies. The model covers the whole chain of energy systems including mainly 6 areas: renewable energies, clean energy conversion technologies, mitigation technologies, intelligent energy uses, energy storage, and sustainability. Originally developed for optimization of renewable water pumping systems for irrigation, the open-source model is written in Matlab® and performs simulation, optimization, and design of hybrid power systems for off-grid and on-grid applications. The model uses genetic algorithm (GA) as optimization technique to find the best mix among power sources, storage systems, and back-up sources to minimize life cycle cost, and renewable power system reliability.

  • 41. Epple, Bernd
    et al.
    Lyngfelt, Anders
    Adanez, Juan
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Looping 20122014In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 113, p. 1827-1829Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 42. Feng, J. -C
    et al.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Yu, Z.
    Zeng, X.
    Xu, W.
    Case study of an industrial park toward zero carbon emission2018In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 209, p. 65-78Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Industrial park shoulders heavy responsibilities for economic development, and in the meantime, acts the role as energy consumer and carbon emitter. Under the background of holding the average global temperature increase limited in 2 °C compared to the pre-industrial level, which was proposed in the Paris Agreement, the development of zero carbon emission at the industrial park level is of great importance. This study investigated how to realize zero carbon emission at an industrial park level. In addition, a practical case study of the Southern China Traditional Chinese Medicine Industrial Park located in the Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province of China was conducted. Scenario analyses were projected to realize zero carbon emission in this industrial park and the results show that zero carbon emission can be realized under all the three scenarios. Economic assessments found that purchasing carbon offsets get the minimum cost effectiveness under current market situation. However, purchasing carbon offset may not be the best choice from the aspect of absolute reduction. Sensitivity analyses illustrate that the cost effectiveness of carbon reduction is remarkably influenced by the carbon price and solar energy cost reduction ratio. Meanwhile, applying large-scale renewable energy and producing more carbon offset can harvest more economic and carbon reduction benefits when the current solar energy cost has been reduced by 90%. Moreover, challenges of building zero-carbon industrial park as well as the corresponding solution schemes were discussed.

  • 43. Fiaschi, D
    et al.
    Gamberi, F
    Bartlett, Michael
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Griffin, T
    The air membrane-ATR integrated gas turbine power cycle: A method for producing electricity with low CO2 emissions2005In: Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN 0196-8904, E-ISSN 1879-2227, Vol. 46, no 15-16, p. 2514-2529Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The air membrane-auto thermal reforming (AM-ATR) gas turbine cycle combines features of the R-ATR power cycle, introduced at the University of Florence, with ceramic, air separation membranes to achieve a novel combined cycle process with fuel decarbonisation and near-zero CO2 emissions. Within this process, the natural gas fuel is converted to H-2 and CO through the auto thermal reforming process (ATR), i.e. combined partial oxidation and steam methane reforming, within the air separation membrane reactor. In a subsequent process unit, the H-2 Content of the reformed fuel is enriched by the well known CO-CO2 shift reaction. This fuel is then sent to an amine based carbon dioxide removal unit and, finally, to two combustors: the first one is located upstream of the membrane reformer (in order to achieve the required working temperature) and the second one is downstream of the membrane to reach the desired turbine inlet temperature (TIT). The main advantage of the proposed concept over other decarbonisation processes is the coupling of the membrane and the ATR reactor. This coupling greatly reduces the mass flow of syngas with respect to the air blown ATR contained in the previously proposed R-ATR, thus lowering the size of the syngas treatment section. Furthermore, as the oxygen production is integrated at high temperatures in the power cycle, the efficiency penalty of producing oxygen is much smaller than for the traditional cryogenic oxygen separation. The main advantages over other integrated GT-membrane concepts are the lower membrane operating temperature, lower levels of required air separation at high partial pressure driving forces (leading to lower membrane surface areas) and the possibility to achieve a higher TIT with top firing without increasing CO2 emissions. When compared to power plants with tail end CO2 separation, the CO2 removal process treats a gas at pressure and with a significantly higher CO2 concentration than that of gas turbine exhausts, which allows a compact carbon dioxide removal unit with a lower energy penalty. Starting from the same basis, various configurations were considered and optimised, all of which targeted a 65 MW power output combined cycle. The efficiency level achieved is around 45% (including recompression of the separated CO2), which is roughly 10% less than the reference GT-CC plant (without CO2 removal). A significant part of the efficiency penalty (4.3-5.6% points) is due to the fuel reforming, whereas further penalties come from the recompression units, loss of working fluid through the expander and the steam extracted for the ATR reactor and CO2 separation. The specific CO2 emissions of the MCM-ATR are about 120 kg CO2/kWh, representing 30% of the emissions without CO2 removal. This may be reduced to 10-15% with a better design of the shift reactors and the CO2 removal unit. Compared to other concepts with air membrane technology, such as the AZEP concept, the efficiency loss is much greater when used for fuel de-carbonisation than for previous integration options.

  • 44.
    Folkesson, Anders
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Towards sustainable urban transportation: Test, demonstration and development of fuel cell and hybrid-electric buses2008Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Several aspects make today’s transport system non-sustainable:

    • Production, transport and combustion of fossil fuels lead to global and local environmental problems.

    • Oil dependency in the transport sector may lead to economical and political instability.

    • Air pollution, noise, congestion and land-use may jeopardise public health and quality of life, especially in urban areas.

    In a sustainable urban transport system most trips are made with public transport because high convenience and comfort makes travelling with public transport attractive. In terms of emissions, including noise, the vehicles are environmentally sustainable, locally as well as globally. Vehicles are energy-efficient and the primary energy stems from renewable sources. Costs are reasonable for all involved, from passengers, bus operators and transport authorities to vehicle manufacturers. The system is thus commercially viable on its own merits.

    This thesis presents the results from three projects involving different concept buses, all with different powertrains. The first two projects included technical evaluations, including tests, of two different fuel cell buses. The third project focussed on development of a series hybrid-bus with internal combustion engine intended for production around 2010. The research on the fuel cell buses included evaluations of the energy efficiency improvement potential using energy mapping and vehicle simulations. Attitudes to hydrogen fuel cell buses among passengers, bus drivers and bus operators were investigated. Safety aspects of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel were analysed and the use of hydrogen compared to electrical energy storage were also investigated.

    One main conclusion is that a city bus should be considered as one energy system, because auxiliaries contribute largely to the energy use. Focussing only on the powertrain is not sufficient. The importance of mitigating losses far down an energy conversion chain is emphasised. The Scania hybrid fuel cell bus showed the long-term potential of fuel cells, advanced auxiliaries and hybrid-electric powertrains, but technologies applied in that bus are not yet viable in terms of cost or robustness over the service life of a bus. Results from the EU-project CUTE show that hydrogen fuelled fuel cell buses are viable for real-life operation. Successful operation and public acceptance show that focus on robustness and cost in vehicle design were key success factors, despite the resulting poor fuel economy. Hybrid-electric powertrains are feasible in stop-and-go city operation. Fuel consumption can be reduced, comfort improved, noise lowered and the main power source downsized and operated less dynamically. The potential for design improvements due to flexible component packaging is implemented in the Scania hybrid concept bus. This bus and the framework for its hybrid management system are discussed in this thesis.

    The development of buses for a more sustainable urban transport should be made in small steps to secure technical and economical realism, which both are needed to guarantee commercialisation and volume of production. This is needed for alternative products to have a significant influence. Hybrid buses with internal combustion engines running on renewable fuel is tomorrow’s technology, which paves the way for plug-in hybrid, battery electric and fuel cell hybrid vehicles the day after tomorrow.

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  • 45.
    Folkesson, Anders
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Lindfeldt, Anders
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Saxe, Maria
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Alvfors, Per
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Study of the fuel economy improvement potential of fuel cell buses by vehicle simulationArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Folkesson, Anders
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Neuman, Magnus
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Gravesen, Christian
    Scania, Bus Development.
    Targets, constraints and rules for hybrid management in a series hybrid bus intended for commercial introduction2008In: SAE Technical Papers, 2008, no 2008-01-1563Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 47. Gao, Xuerui
    et al.
    Liu, Jiahong
    Zhang, Jun
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Bao, Shujun
    Xu, He
    Qin, Tao
    Feasibility evaluation of solar photovoltaic pumping irrigation system based on analysis of dynamic variation of groundwater table2013In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 105, p. 182-193Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Solar photovoltaic (PV) pumping irrigation system has become a widely applied solar energy technology over the past decades, in which the pump is driven by electricity produced by solar energy and lifts groundwater or surface water to irrigate the crop or grassland for agriculture. Qinghai Province, located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, features abundant solar energy, but the problem of local grassland degradation and ecological deterioration has become increasingly serious. Using the clean solar energy to pump groundwater or surface water is of great significance for grassland recovery, environment protection and ecological restoration. In this study, we selected a demonstration site (with an area of 3.15 ha) in Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Golog at the southern part of Qinghai Province and evaluated the feasibility and performance of the PV pumping irrigation system at field scale. Firstly, water demand of pasture was predicted in different hydrological level years to determine water deficiency, which should be replenished mainly by pumping groundwater according to the local water resources conditions. Secondly, through modeling the unsteady flow of partially penetrating well in unconfined aquifer, we analyzed the change of groundwater table of the pumping well in both irrigation season and non-irrigation season, and then evaluated whether the groundwater resources can satisfy the pumping water demand for the growth of grassland. Results show that groundwater resources in the demonstration area are satisfactory and water yield in the pumping well can generally fulfill the water demand of grassland. Finally, based on balance analysis between solar energy supply and demand, a set of technical parameters were given to design the PV pumping irrigation system in the demonstration area. We also made the benefit analysis for the PV pumping irrigation system. It is concluded that, the PV system has good economic and ecological performance in the demonstration site compared to the diesel engine irrigation system, showing promising prospects to be popularized in Western China at large scale.

  • 48. Geng, Y.
    et al.
    Wei, Y. -M
    Fischedick, M.
    Chiu, A.
    Chen, B.
    Yan, Jinyue
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes. Malardalen University (MDU), Sweden.
    Recent trend of industrial emissions in developing countries2016In: Applied Energy, ISSN 0306-2619, E-ISSN 1872-9118, Vol. 166, p. 187-190Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from industrial sectors are increasing, particularly in the developing world where pursuing industrialization has been highly addressed. This calls for further studies to learn and share experiences for developing countries. In order to fill in such a research gap, this special issue focuses on examining the recent trend of industrial emissions in developing countries. Among the manuscripts submitted to the Special Issue, twelve papers have been accepted after review, covering assessment indicators, tools and methods, and policies. Key industrial sectors, including cement, lime, aluminum, coal, mining, glass, soda ash, etc, have been investigated. Valuable policy insights have been raised, including wide scale upgrading, replacement and deployment of best available technologies, integrated information platforms, cross-cutting technologies and measures, a shift to low carbon electricity, radical product innovations, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), demand on new and replacement products, systematic approaches and collaboration among different industries. These useful suggestions could be shared or learned by industrial policy makers or managers in the developing world so that the overall GHG emissions from their industrial sectors can be mitigated by considering the local realities.

  • 49. Ghasemi, S.
    et al.
    Costa, G.
    Zingaretti, D.
    Bäbler, Matthäus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    Baciocchi, R.
    Comparative Life-cycle Assessment of Slurry and Wet Accelerated Carbonation of BOF Slag2017In: 13th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, GHGT-13, 14-18 November 2016, Lausanne, Switzerland, Elsevier, 2017, Vol. 114, p. 5393-5403Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work reports the results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) of two carbonation processes aimed at permanent CO2 storage, employing Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag from steel manufacturing as alkalinity source. Specifically, the performance of the slurry phase and wet carbonation routes were compared assuming to store the CO2 emitted from a 10 MW conventional natural gas power plant. The LCA was based on the material and energy requirements for each of the involved process steps, i.e. pre-treatment and transport of raw materials, CO2 compression, carbonation, post treatments and management of the obtained products. The slurry and wet route resulted in a net avoided greenhouse warming potential (GWP) of 473 and 384 kg CO2/MWhel, respectively. Nevertheless, both routes affected the other environmental impact categories. In general, the wet route had approximately two times higher impact than the slurry route, due in particular to the higher material and energy requirements. An exception was the abiotic resource depletion which resulted higher for the slurry route due to greater water requirement with respect to the wet route. The contributions to all mid-point impact categories were mainly due to energy requirements. A sensitivity analysis showed that the environmental impacts are affected by the energy mix and by the transport distance of slags and carbonation products.

  • 50.
    Grönkvist, Stefan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Energy Processes.
    All CO2 molecules are equal, but some CO2 molecules are more equal than others2005Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis deals with some challenges related to the mitigation of climate change and the overall aim is to present and assess different possibilities for the mitigation of climate change by:

    • Suggesting some measures with a potential to abate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,

    • Discussing ideas for how decision-makers could tackle some of the encountered obstacles linked to these measures, and

    • Pointing at some problems with the current Kyoto framework and suggesting modifications of it.

    The quantification of the net CO2 effect from a specific project, frequently referred to as emissions accounting, is an important tool to evaluate projects and strategies for mitigating climate change. This thesis discusses different emissions accounting methods. It is concluded that no single method ought to be used for generalisation purposes, as many factors may affect the real outcome for different projects. The estimated outcome is extremely dependent on the method chosen and, thus, the suggested approach is to apply a broader perspective than the use of a particular method for strategic decisions. The risk of losing the integrity of the Kyoto Protocol when over-simplified emissions accounting methods are applied for the quantification of emission credits that can be obtained by a country with binding emissions targets for projects executed in a country without binding emission targets is also discussed.

    Driving forces and obstacles with regard to energy-related co-operations between industries and district heating companies have been studied since they may potentially reduce net GHG emissions. The main conclusion is that favourable techno-economic circumstances are not sufficient for the implementation of a co-operation; other factors like people with the true ambition to co-operate are also necessary.

    How oxy-fuel combustion for CO2 capture and storage (CCS) purposes may be much more efficiently utilised together with some industrial processes than with power production processes is also discussed. As cost efficiency is relevant for the Kyoto framework, this thesis suggests that CCS performed on CO2 from biomass should be allowed to play on a level playing field with CCS from fossil sources, as the outcome for the atmosphere is independent of the origin of the CO2.

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