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  • 1.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Galland, Sylvain
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Johansson, Mats
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Cellulose nanofiber network of high specific surface area provides altered curing reacion and moisture stability in ductile epoxy biocompositesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Galland, Sylvain
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Johansson, Mats K. G.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Plummer, Christopher J. G.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Cellulose nanofiber network for moisture stable, strong and ductile biocomposites and increased epoxy curing rate2014In: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, ISSN 1359-835X, E-ISSN 1878-5840, Vol. 63, p. 35-44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocomposites with high volume fractions (15-50 vol%) of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were prepared by impregnation of a wet porous NFC network with acetone/epoxy/amine solution. Infrared spectroscopy studies revealed a significant increase in curing rate of epoxy (EP) in the presence of NFC. The NFC provided extremely efficient reinforcement (at 15 vol%: 3-fold increase in stiffness and strength to 5.9 GPa and 109 MPa, respectively), and ductility was preserved. Besides, the glass transition temperature increased with increasing NFC content (from 68 degrees C in neat epoxy to 86 degrees C in 50 vol% composite). Most interestingly, the moisture sorption values were low and even comparable to neat epoxy for the 15 vol% NFC/EP. This material did not change mechanical properties at increased relative humidity (90% RH). Thus, NFC/EP provides a unique combination of high strength, modulus, ductility, and moisture stability for a cellulose-based biocomposite. Effects from nanostructural and interfacial tailoring are discussed.

  • 3.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Granda, L. A.
    Joffe, R.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Vilaseca, Fabiola
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.
    Experimental evaluation of anisotropy in injection molded polypropylene/wood fiber biocomposites2017In: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, ISSN 1359-835X, E-ISSN 1878-5840, Vol. 96, p. 147-154Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although the anisotropy of wood fibers is reasonably well established, the anisotropy of injection molded wood fiber composites is not well understood. This work focuses on chemo-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites. A kinetic mixer (Gelimat) is used for compounding CTMP/PP composites, followed by injection molding. Effects from processing induced orientation on mechanical properties are investigated. For this purpose, a film gate mold was designed to inject composites in the shape of plates so that specimens in different directions to the flow could be evaluated. Observations from tensile tests were complemented by performing flexural tests (in different directions) on discs cut from the injected plates. SEM was used to qualitatively observe the fiber orientation in the composites. At high fiber content, both modulus and tensile strength could differ by as much as 40% along the flow and transverse to the flow. The fiber orientation was strongly increased at the highest fiber content, as concluded from theoretical analysis.

  • 4.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Lindh, Erik L.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Innventia AB, Sweden.
    Furo, Istvan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Johansson, Mats K.G.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Coating Technology.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Interface tailoring through covalent hydroxyl-epoxy bonds improves hygromechanical stability in nanocellulose materials2016In: Composites Science And Technology, ISSN 0266-3538, E-ISSN 1879-1050, Vol. 134, p. 175-183Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wide-spread use of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) biocomposites and nanomaterials is limited by CNF moisture sensitivity due to surface hydration. We report on a versatile and scalable interface tailoring route for CNF to address this, based on technically important epoxide chemistry. Bulk impregnation of epoxide-amine containing liquids is used to show that CNF hydroxyls can react with epoxides at high rates and high degree of conversion to form covalent bonds. Reactions take place inside nanostructured CNF networks under benign conditions, and are verified by solid state NMR. Epoxide modified CNF nanopaper shows significantly improved mechanical properties under moist and wet conditions. High resolution microscopy is used in fractography studies to relate the property differences to structural change. The cellulose-epoxide interface tailoring concept is versatile in that the functionality of molecules with epoxide end-groups can be varied over a wide range. Furthermore, epoxide reactions with nanocellulose can be readily implemented for processing of moisture-stable, tailored interface biocomposites in the form of coatings, adhesives and molded composites.

  • 5.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lars, Berglund
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Strong surface treatment effects on reinforcement efficiency in biocomposites based on cellulose nanocrystals in poly(vinyl acetate) matrix2015In: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 16, no 12, p. 3916-3924Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Strongly increased mechanical properties were observed for modCNC nanocomposites. The reinforcement efficiency was much lower in unmodified CNC composites, and specific mechanisms causing the differences are discussed.

  • 6.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Sjöstedt, Anna
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Biocomposites based on nanostructured chemical wood pulp fibres in epoxy matrixManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Skrifvars, M.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Nanostructured biocomposites based on unsaturated polyester resin and a cellulose nanofiber network2015In: Composites Science And Technology, ISSN 0266-3538, E-ISSN 1879-1050, Vol. 117, p. 298-306Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Biocomposites reinforced by natural plant fibers tend to be brittle, moisture sensitive and have limited strength. Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were therefore used to reinforce an unsaturated polyester matrix (UP) without the need of coupling agents or CNF surface modification. The nanostructured CNF network reinforcement strongly improves modulus and strength of UP but also ductility and toughness. A template-based prepreg processing approach of industrial potential is adopted, which combines high CNF content (up to 45 vol%) with nanoscale CNF dispersion. The CNF/UP composites are subjected to moisture sorption, dynamic thermal analysis, tensile tests at different humidities, fracture toughness tests and fractography. The glass transition temperature (T-g) increases substantially with CNF content. Modulus and strength of UP increase about 3 times at 45 vol% CNF whereas ductility and apparent fracture toughness are doubled. Tensile properties at high humidity are compared with other bio-composites and interpreted based on differences in molecular interactions at the interface.

  • 8.
    Aulin, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.
    Netrval, Julia
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.
    Lindström, Tom
    Aerogels from nanofibrillated cellulose with tunable oleophobicity2010In: SOFT MATTER, ISSN 1744-683X, Vol. 6, no 14, p. 3298-3305Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The formation of structured porous aerogels of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) by freeze-drying has been demonstrated. The aerogels have a high porosity, as shown by FE-SEM and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, and a very low density ( < 0.03 g cm(-3)). The density and surface texture of the aerogels can be tuned by selecting the concentration of the NFC dispersions before freeze-drying. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (PFOTS) was used to uniformly coat the aerogel to tune their wetting properties towards non-polar liquids. An XPS analysis of the chemical composition of the PFOTS-modified aerogels demonstrated the reproducibility of the PFOTS-coating and the high atomic fluorine concentration (ca. 51%) in the surfaces. The modified aerogels formed a robust composite interface with high apparent contact angles (theta* >> 90 degrees) for castor oil (gamma(1v) = 35.8 mN m(-1)) and hexadecane (gamma(1v) = 27.5 mN m(-1)).

  • 9.
    Bergenstråhle-Wohlert, Malin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Brady, John W.
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Westlund, Per-Olof
    Wohlert, Jakob
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Concentration enrichment of urea at cellulose surfaces: results from molecular dynamics simulations and NMR spectroscopy2012In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 1-12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A combined solid-state NMR and Molecular Dynamics simulation study of cellulose in urea aqueous solution and in pure water was conducted. It was found that the local concentration of urea is significantly enhanced at the cellulose/solution interface. There, urea molecules interact directly with the cellulose through both hydrogen bonds and favorable dispersion interactions, which seem to be the driving force behind the aggregation. The CP/MAS (13)C spectra was affected by the presence of urea at high concentrations, most notably the signal at 83.4 ppm, which has previously been assigned to C4 atoms in cellulose chains located at surfaces parallel to the (110) crystallographic plane of the cellulose I beta crystal. Also dynamic properties of the cellulose surfaces, probed by spin-lattice relaxation time (13)CT (1) measurements of C4 atoms, are affected by the addition of urea. Molecular Dynamics simulations reproduce the trends of the T (1) measurements and lends new support to the assignment of signals from individual surfaces. That urea in solution is interacting directly with cellulose may have implications on our understanding of the mechanisms behind cellulose dissolution in alkali/urea aqueous solutions.

  • 10.
    Berglund, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Sehaqui, Houssine
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Cellulose-based materials comprising nanofibrillated cellulose from native cellulose2011Patent (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    The present invention relates to cellulose-based materials comprising nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from native cellulose. exhibiting highly superior properties as compared to other cellulose-based materials, a method for preparing such cellulose-based material, and uses thereof are also disclosed.

  • 11.
    Berglund, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Kochumalayil, Joby Jose
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Oxygen barrier for packaging applications2011Patent (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    The present invention relates to composite material of xyloglucan and clay for use as a coating material. The invention also relates to a method of producing the coating.

  • 12.
    Bergström, Elina Mabasa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, VinnExcellence Center BiMaC Innovation. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Salmen, Lennart
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Joby Kochumalayil, Jose
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, VinnExcellence Center BiMaC Innovation.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Plasticized xyloglucan for improved toughness-Thermal and mechanical behaviour2012In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 87, no 4, p. 2532-2537Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tamarind seed xyloglucan is an interesting polysaccharide of high molar mass with excellent thermomechanical properties. Several plasticizers were studied in order to facilitate thermal processing and improve toughness (work to fracture) of xyloglucan film materials: sorbitol, urea, glycerol and polyethylene oxide. Films of different compositions were cast and studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. Results are analysed and discussed based on mechanisms and practical considerations. Highly favourable characteristics were found with XG/sorbitol combinations, and the thermomechanical properties motivate further work on this material system, for instance as a matrix in biocomposite materials.

  • 13.
    Bjurhager, Ingela
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Gamstedt, E. Kristofer
    Keunecke, Daniel
    Niemz, Peter
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Mechanical performance of yew (Taxus baccata L.) from a longbow perspective2013In: Holzforschung, ISSN 0018-3830, E-ISSN 1437-434X, Vol. 67, no 7, p. 763-770Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Yew (Taxus baccata L.) longbow was the preferred weapon in the Middle Ages until the emergence of guns. In this study, the tensile, compression, and bending properties of yew were investigated. The advantage of yew over the other species in the study was also confirmed by a simple beam model. The superior toughness of yew has the effect that a yew longbow has a higher range compared with bows made from other species. Unexpectedly, the mechanical performance of a bow made from yew is influenced by the juvenile-to-mature wood ratio rather than by the heartwood-to-sapwood ratio. A yew bow is predicted to have maximized performance at a juvenile wood content of 30-50%, and located at the concave side (the compressive side facing the bowyer). Here, the stiffness and yield stress in compression should be as high as possible.

  • 14.
    Bjurhager, Ingela
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Ljungdahl, Jonas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Wallstrom, Lennart
    Gamstedt, E. Kristofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Towards improved understanding of PEG-impregnated waterlogged archaeological wood: A model study on recent oak2010In: Holzforschung, ISSN 0018-3830, E-ISSN 1437-434X, Vol. 64, no 2, p. 243-250Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To prevent deformation and cracking of waterlogged archaeological wood, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a bulk impregnation agent is commonly applied. PEG maintains the wood in a swollen state during drying. However, swelling of wood can reduce its mechanical properties. In this study, the cellular structure of oak and cell wall swelling was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of transverse cross-sections, and the microfibril angle of oak fibers was determined by wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Samples of recent European oak (Quercus robur L) impregnated with PEG (molecular weight of 600) were tested in axial tension and radial compression. Mechanical tests showed that axial tensile modulus and strength were only slightly affected by PEG, whereas radial compressive modulus and yield strength were reduced by up to 50%. This behavior can be explained by the microstructure and deformation mechanisms of the material. Microfibril angles in tensile test samples were close to zero. This implies tensile loading of cellulose microfibrils within the fiber cell walls without almost any shear in the adjacent amorphous matrix. These results are important because they can help separate the impact of PEG on mechanical properties from that of chemical degradation in archaeological artifacts, which display only small to moderate biological degradation.

  • 15.
    Bjurhager, Ingela
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Nilsson, H.
    Lindfors, E-L
    Iversen, T.
    Almkvist, G.
    Gamstedt, K.E.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Significant loss of mechanical strength in archeological oak from the 17th century Vasa ship: correlation with cellulose degradationArticle in journal (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Bjurhager, Ingela
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Olsson, Anne-Mari
    Innventia.
    Zhang, Bo
    Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces.
    Gerber, Lorenz
    Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU).
    Kumar, Manoj
    Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU).
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Burgert, Ingo
    Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces.
    Sundberg, Björn
    Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU).
    Salmén, Lennart
    Innventia.
    Ultrastructure and Mechanical Properties of Populus Wood with Reduced Lignin Content Caused by Transgenic Down-Regulation of Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase2010In: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 11, no 9, p. 2359-2365Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Several key enzymes in lignin biosynthesis of Populus have been down-regulated by transgenie approaches to investigate their role in wood lignification and to explore their potential for lignin modification. Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase is an enzyme in the early phenylpropanoid pathway that has not yet been functionally analyzed in Populus. This study shows that down-regulation of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase reduced Klason lignin content by 30% with no significant change in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio. The lignin reduction resulted in ultrastructural differences of the wood and a 10% decrease in wood density. Mechanical properties investigated by tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis showed a decrease in stiffness, which could be explained by the lower density. The study demonstrates that a large modification in lignin content only has minor influences on tensile properties of wood in its axial direction and highlights the usefulness of wood modified beyond its natural variation by transgene technology in exploring the impact of wood biopolymer composition and ultrastructure on its material properties.

  • 17. Butchosa, Nria
    et al.
    Brown, Christian
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Bulone, Vincent
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Antimicrobial activity of biocomposites based on bacterial cellulose and chitin nanoparticles2012In: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 243Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Butchosa, Nuria
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Brown, Christian
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Bulone, Vincent
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Nanocomposites of bacterial cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals: fabrication, characterization and bactericidal activity2013In: Green Chemistry, ISSN 1463-9262, E-ISSN 1463-9270, Vol. 15, no 12, p. 3404-3413Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An environmentally friendly approach was implemented for the production of nanocomposites with bactericidal activity, using bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs). The antibacterial activity of ChNCs prepared by acid hydrolysis, TEMPO-mediated oxidation or partial deacetylation of a-chitin powder was assessed and the structure of the ChNC nanoparticles was characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and solid-state C-13-NMR. The partially deacetylated ChNCs (D-ChNC) showed the strongest antibacterial activity, with 99 +/- 1% inhibition of bacterial growth compared to control samples. Nanocomposites were prepared from BC nanofibers and D-ChNC by (i) in situ biosynthesis with the addition of D-ChNC nanoparticles in the culture medium of Acetobacter aceti, and (ii) post-modification by mixing D-ChNC with disintegrated BC in an aqueous suspension. The structure and mechanical properties of the BC/D-ChNC nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and an Instron universal testing machine. The bactericidal activity of the nanocomposites increased with the D-ChNC content, with a reduction in bacterial growth by 3.0 log units when the D-ChNC content was 50%. D-ChNC nanoparticles have great potential as substitutes for unfriendly antimicrobial compounds such as heavy metal nanoparticles and synthetic polymers to introduce antibacterial properties to cellulosic materials.

  • 19.
    Butchosa, Nuria
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Leijon, Felicia
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Bulone, Vincent
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Enhancing toughness of cellulose nanofibrils through the expression of cellulose-binding modules in plantManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Butchosa, Nuria
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Water redispersible nanofibrillated cellulose adsorbed with carboxymethyl cellulose2014In: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 247, p. 130-CELL-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Butchosa, Núria
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Water redispersible cellulose nanofibrils adsorbed with carboxymethyl cellulose2014In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 21, no 6, p. 4349-4358Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are difficult to redisperse in water after they have been completely dried due to the irreversible agglomeration of cellulose during drying. Here, we have developed a simple process to prepare water-redispersible dried CNFs by the adsorption of small amounts of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and oven drying. The adsorption of CMC onto CNFs in water suspensions at 22 and 121 °C was studied, and the adsorbed amount of CMC was measured via conductimetric titration. The water-redispersibility of dried CNFs adsorbed with different amounts of CMC was characterized by sedimentation test. Above a critical threshold of CMC adsorption, i.e. 2.3 wt%, the oven dried CNF–CMC sample was fully redispersible in water. The morphology, rheological, and mechanical properties of water-redispersed CNF–CMC samples were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, viscosity measurement, and tensile test, respectively. The water-redispersed CNFs preserved the original properties of never dried CNFs. This new method will facilitate the production, transportation and storage, and large-scale industrial applications of CNFs.

  • 22.
    Butchosa Robles, Núria
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Tailoring Cellulose Nanofibrils for Advanced Materials2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are nanoscale fibers of high aspect ratio that can be isolated from a wide variety of cellulosic sources, including wood and bacterial cellulose. With high strength despite of their low density, CNFs are a promising renewable building block for the preparation of nanostructured materials and composites. To fabricate CNF-based materials with improved inherent rheological and mechanical properties and additional new functionalities, it is essential to tailor the surface properties of individual CNFs. The surface structures control the interactions between CNFs and ultimately dictate the structure and macroscale properties of the bulk material. In this thesis we have demonstrated different approaches, ranging from non-covalent adsorption and covalent chemical modification to modification of cellulose biosynthesis, to tailor the structure and surface functionalities of CNFs for the fabrication of advanced materials. These materials possess enhanced properties such as water-redispersibility, water absorbency, dye adsorption capacity, antibacterial activity, and mechanical properties.

    In Paper I, CNFs were modified via the irreversible adsorption of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The adsorption of small amounts of CMC onto the surface of CNFs prevented agglomeration and co-crystallization of the nanofibrils upon drying, and allowed the recovery of rheological and mechanical properties after redispersion of dried CNF samples.

    In Paper II, CNFs bearing permanent cationic charges were prepared through quaternization of wood pulp fibers followed by mechanical disintegration. The activation of the hydroxyl groups on pulp fibers by alkaline treatment was optimized prior to quaternization. This optimization resulted in individual CNFs with uniform width and tunable cationic charge densities. These cationic CNFs demonstrated ultrahigh water absorbency and high adsorption capacity for anionic dyes.

    In Paper III, via a similar approach as in Paper II, CNFs bearing polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared by covalently grafting PEG to carboxylated pulp fibers prior to mechanical disintegration. CNFs with a high surface chain density of PEG and a uniform width were oriented to produce macroscopic ribbons simply by mechanical stretching of the CNF hydrogel network before drying. The uniform grafted thin monolayer of PEG on the surface of individual CNFs prevented the agglomeration of CNFs and facilitated their alignment upon mechanical stretching, thus resulted in ribbons with ultrahigh tensile strength and modulus. These optically transparent ribbons also demonstrated interesting biaxial light scattering behavior.

    In Paper IV, bacterial cellulose (BC) was modified by the addition of chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) into the growing culture medium of the bacteria Acetobacter aceti which secretes cellulose in the form of entangled nanofibers. This led to the in situ incorporation of ChNCs into the BC nanofibers network and resulted in BC/ChNC nanocomposites exhibiting bactericidal activity. Further, blending of BC nanofibers with ChNCs produced nanocomposite films with relatively lower tensile strength and modulus compared to the in situ cultivated ones. The bactericidal activity increased significantly with increasing amount of ChNCs for nanocomposites prepared by direct mixing of BC nanofibers and ChNCs.

    In Paper V, CNFs were isolated from suspension-cultured wild-type (WT) and cellulose-binding module (CBM) transformed tobacco BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv bright yellow) cells. Results from strong sulfuric acid hydrolysis indicated that CNFs from transgenic cells overexpressing CBM consisted of longer cellulose nanocrystals compared to CNFs from WT cells. Nanopapers prepared from CNFs of transgenic cells demonstrated significantly enhanced toughness compared to CNFs of WT cells.

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    Thesis
  • 23.
    Carosio, Federico
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Cuttica, Fabio
    Medina, Lilian
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Clay nanopaper as multifunctional brick and mortar fire protection coating: Wood case study2016In: Materials & design, ISSN 0264-1275, E-ISSN 1873-4197, Vol. 93, p. 357-363Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract Wood is one of the most sustainable, esthetically pleasing and environmentally benign engineering materials, and is often used in structures found in buildings. Unfortunately, the fire hazards related to wood are limiting its application. The use of transparent cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/clay nanocomposites, with unique brick-and-mortar structure, is proposed as a sustainable and efficient fire protection coating for wood. Fire performance was assessed by cone calorimetry. When exposed to the typical 35 kW/m2 heat flux of developing fires, the time to ignition of coated wood samples increased up to about 4 1/2 min, while the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) was decreased by 46% thus significantly reducing the potential fire threat from wood structures.

  • 24.
    Carosio, Federico
    et al.
    Politecn Torino, I-15121 Alessandria, Italy.
    Kochumalayil, Jose
    Cuttica, F.
    Camino, G.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Oriented Clay Nanopaper from Biobased Components Mechanisms for Superior Fire Protection Properties2015In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 7, no 10, p. 5847-5856Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The toxicity of the most efficient fire retardant additives is a major problem for polymeric Materials. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/clay nanocomposites, with unique brick-and-mortar structure and prepared by simple filtration, are characterized from the morphological point of view by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. These nanocomposites have superior fire protection properties to Other clay nanocomposites and fiber composites. The Corresponding mechanisms are evaluated in terms of flammability (reaction to a flame) and cone calorimetry (exposure to heat flux). These two tests provide a wide spectrum characterization of fire protection properties in CNF/montmorrilonite (MTM) Materials. The morphology of the collected residues after flammability testing is investigated. In addition, thermal and thermo-oxidative stability are evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses performed in inert (nitrogen) and oxidative (air) atmospheres. Physical and chemical mechanisms are identified and related to the unique nanostructure and its low thermal conductivity, high gas barrier properties and CNF/ MTM interactions for char formation.

  • 25.
    Cobut, Aline
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Sehaqui, Houssine
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Cellulose Nanocomposites by Melt Compounding of TEMPO-Treated Wood Fibers in Thermoplastic Starch Matrix2014In: BioResources, ISSN 1930-2126, E-ISSN 1930-2126, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 3276-3289Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To facilitate melt compounding of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) based composites, wood pulp fibers were subjected to a chemical treatment whereby the fibers were oxidized using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO). This treatment introduced negatively charged carboxylate groups to the fibers. TEMPO-treated fibers (TempoF) were added to a mixture of amylopectin starch, glycerol, and water. Granules were prepared from this mixture and processed into CNF composites by extrusion. TempoF were easier to process into composites as compared with non-treated pulp fibers (PF). SEM revealed partial disintegration of TempoF during melt processing. Consequently, TempoF gave composites with much better mechanical properties than those of conventional composites prepared from pulp fibers and TPS. Particularly, at 20 wt% TempoF content in the composite, the modulus and strength were much improved. Such a continuous melt processing route, as an alternative to laboratory solvent casting techniques, may promote large-scale production of CNF-based composites as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic plastics/composites.

  • 26.
    Cunha, Gisera
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. INRA, Biopolymeres Interact & Assemblages, France.
    Mougel, Jean-Bruno
    Cathala, Bernard
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Capron, Isabelle
    Preparation of Double Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Chemically Tailored Nanocelluloses2014In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 30, no 31, p. 9327-9335Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocelluloses are bio-based nanoparticles of interest as stabilizers for oil-in-water (o/w) Pickering emulsions. In this work, the surface chemistry of nanocelluloses of different length, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC, long) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC, short), was successfully tailored by chemical modification with lauroyl chloride (C12). The resulting nanofibers were less hydrophilic than the original and able to stabilize water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions. The combination of the two types of nanocelluloses (C12-modified and native) led to new surfactant-free oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) double emulsions stabilized by nanocellulose at both interfaces. Characterization was performed with respect to droplet size distribution, droplet stability over time, and stability after centrifugation. Nanocellulose-based Pickering emulsions can be designed with a substantial degree of control, as demonstrated by the stability of the chemically tailored NFC double emulsions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that increased nanofiber length leads to increased stability.

  • 27.
    Denoyelle, Thibaud
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Solid Mechanics (Dept.). KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Biofibre Materials Centre, BiMaC.
    Kulachenko, Artem
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Solid Mechanics (Dept.).
    Galland, Sylvain
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Lindström, Stefan B.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Biofibre Materials Centre, BiMaC.
    Elastic properties of cellulose nanopaper versus conventional paper2011In: Progress in Paper Physics Seminar 2011 Conference Proceedings / [ed] U. Hirn, Graz, Austria: Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz , 2011, p. 131-133Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Djahedi, Cyrus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Deformation of cellulose allomorphs studied by molecular dynamics2015Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose-based materials draw their good mechanical properties from the cellu-lose crystal. Improved understanding of crystal properties could lead to a wider range of applications for cellulose-based materials, Cellulose crystals show high axial Youngs modulus. Cellulose can attain several allomorphic forms which show unique structural arrangements in terms of both intra-molecular and inter-molecular bonding, as well as unit cell parameters and chain packing. Although several studies have confirmed that mechanical tensile properties of cellulose differ between different allomorphic forms, few reports have investigated the deformation mechanisms explaining the differences.In the first part of this thesis, the tensile elastic Youngs modulus of cellulose allo-morphs Iβ, II and III I were calculated under uniform conditions using Molecular Dynamics simulation techniques. As expected, a difference in modulus valuesc ould be observed, and the cooperative nature of energy contributions to crys-tal modulus is apparent. The allomorphs also show large differences in terms of how contributions to elastic energy are distributed between covalent bonds,angles, dihedrals, electrostatic forces, dispersion and steric forces.In the second part of this thesis, the cellulose Iβ and II allomorphs were sub-jected to a more detailed structural study. The purpose was to clarify how the deformation of the central glucosidic linkage between the monomer units depends on the hydrogen-bonding structures. This was carried out by studying simulated vibrational spectra and local deformations in the crystals.The results presented in this thesis confirm the differences in the tensile elastic properties of these cellulose allomorphs. These differences can in part be explained by the different intra-molecular hydrogen bonding patterns between allomorphs. Deformation mechanisms are discussed. The results are in supportof the so called ”leverage effect” proposed in the literature. The present analysis shows significant differences in details of deformation mechanisms compared with previous simpler analyses.

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    Licentiate Thesis
  • 29. Donius, Amalie E.
    et al.
    Liu, Andong
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wegst, Ulrike G. K.
    Superior mechanical performance of highly porous, anisotropic nanocellulose-montmorillonite aerogels prepared by freeze casting2014In: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, ISSN 1751-6161, E-ISSN 1878-0180, Vol. 37, p. 88-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Directionally solidified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-sodium-montmorillonite (MMT) composite aerogels with a honeycomb-like pore structure were compared with non-directionally frozen aerogels with equiaxed pore structure and identical composition and found to have superior functionalities. To explore structure-property correlations, three different aerogel compositions of 3 wt% MMT, and 0.4 wt%, 0.8 wt%, and 1.2 wt% NFC, respectively, were tested. Young's modulus, compressive strength and toughness were found to increase with increasing NFC content for both architectures. The modulus increased from 25.8 kPa to 386 kPa for the isotropic and from 2,13 MPa to 3.86 MPa for the anisotropic aerogels, the compressive yield strength increased from 3.3 kPa to 18.0 kPa for the isotropic and from 32.3 kPa to 52.5 kPa for the anisotropic aerogels, and the toughness increased from 6.3 kJ/m(3) to 24.1 kJ/m(3) for the isotropic and from 22.9 kJ/m(3) to 46.2 kJ/m(3) for the anisotropic aerogels. The great range of properties, which can be achieved through compositional as well as architectural variations, makes these aerogels highly attractive for a large range of applications, for which either a specific composition, or a particular pore morphology, or both are required. Finally, because NFC is flammable, gasification experiments were performed, which revealed that the inclusion of MMT increased the heat endurance and shape retention functions of the aerogels dramatically up to 800 degrees C while the mechanical properties were retained up to 300 degrees C.

  • 30. Duanmu, Jie
    et al.
    Gamstedt, E. Kristofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Pranovich, Andrey
    Rosling, Ari
    Studies on mechanical properties of wood fiber reinforced cross-linked starch composites made from enzymatically degraded allylglycidyl ether-modified starch2010In: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, ISSN 1359-835X, E-ISSN 1878-5840, Vol. 41, no 10, p. 1409-1418Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a previous work we introduced a new family of thermoset composites of softwood fiber and allylglycidyl ether modified potato starch (AGE-starch with a degree of substitution of 1.3 and 2.3) prepared by hot pressing. To improve the processability of AGE-starch with a DS = 1.3 (LDS-3) and to increase hygromechanical properties, the LDS-3 matrix has now been partially degraded by a-amylase at 45 degrees C (pH 6) for 0.5, 6 and 18 h. The study shows that already a 30 min enzymatic hydrolysis has a marked effect on the modified starch molecular weight and its thermal properties. The new composites with enzyme hydrolyzed AGE-starch, generically named D-LDS-3, showed good fiber dispersion and excellent interface between the fiber and matrix as studied by SEM. Premixes of D-LDS-3 matrix and fiber showed improved processability. The water vapor absorption was evaluated at 43.2% and 82.2% RH and the stiffness and strength properties were measured. The water uptake was shown to be reduced. The strength of neat matrix D-LDS-3-6 at ambient 68% RH reached 63 MPa and Young's modulus 3200 MPa and with 40 wt.% wood fiber reinforcement impressive 128 MPa and 4500 MPa, respectively.

  • 31.
    Dvinskikh, Sergey V.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Physical Chemistry. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Industrial NMR Centre.
    Henriksson, Marielle
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Furó, István
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Physical Chemistry. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Industrial NMR Centre.
    A multinuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of wood with adsorbed water: Estimating bound water concentration and local wood density2011In: Holzforschung, ISSN 0018-3830, E-ISSN 1437-434X, Vol. 65, no 1, p. 103-107Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interaction between moisture and the macromolecular wood tissue is of critical importance to wood properties. In this context, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very promising as this method could deliver molecular information on the submillimeter scale (i.e., along concentration gradients) about both free and adsorbed water and the cell wall polymers. In the present study, it is demonstrated for the first time that wood containing adsorbed heavy water ((H2O)-H-2) can be studied by MRI based on separated images due to water (H-2 MRI) and cell wall polymers (H-1 MRI). Data confirm that in specimens equilibrated at controlled humidity there is a direct correlation between bound water content and relative density of the polymers in wood tissue; there is a strong variation across annual rings.

  • 32.
    Ezekiel Mushi, Ngesa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Butchosa, Núria
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Nanopaper membranes from chitin-protein composite nanofibers: Structure and mechanical properties2014In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 131, no 7, p. 40121-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chitin nanofibers may be of interest as a component for nanocomposites. Composite nanofibers are therefore isolated from crab shells in order to characterize structure and analyze property potential. The mechanical properties of the porous nanopaper structures are much superior to regenerated chitin membranes. The nanofiber filtration-processing route is much more environmentally friendly than for regenerated chitin. Minerals and extractives are removed using HCl and ethanol, respectively, followed by mild NaOH treatment and mechanical homogenization to maintain chitin-protein structure in the nanofibers produced. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) reveal the structure of chitin-protein composite nanofibers. The presence of protein is confirmed by colorimetric method. Porous nanopaper membranes are prepared by simple filtration in such a way that different nanofiber volume fractions are obtained: 43%, 52%, 68%, and 78%. Moisture sorption isotherms, structural properties, and mechanical properties of membranes are measured and analyzed. The current material is environmentally friendly, the techniques employed for both individualization and membrane preparation are simple and green, and the results are of interest for development of nanomaterials and biocomposites.

  • 33.
    Ezekiel Mushi, Ngesa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Joby Kochumalayil, Jose
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Cervin, Nicholas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Nanostructured hydrogel based on small diameter native chitin nanofibers: Preparation, structure and propertiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Ezekiel Mushi, Ngesa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Nurani, Ghasem
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Utsel, Simon
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Brumer, Harry
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Soft, bio-inspired chitin/protein nanocomposites: mechanical behavior and interface interactions between recombinant resilin-like proteins and chitin nanofibersManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Ezekiel Mushi, Ngesa
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Utsel, Simon
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Nanostructured biocomposite films of high toughness based on native chitin nanofibers and chitosan2015In: Frontiers in Chemistry, E-ISSN 2296-2646, Vol. 18, no 2, article id 99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chitosan is widely used in films for packaging applications. Chitosan reinforcement by stiff particles or fibers is usually obtained at the expense of lowered ductility and toughness. Here, chitosan film reinforcement by a new type of native chitin nanofibers is reported. Films are prepared by casting from colloidal suspensions of chitin in dissolved chitosan. The nanocomposite films are chitin nanofiber networks in chitosan matrix. Characterization is carried out by dynamic light scattering, quartz crystal microbalance, field emission scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. The nanostructured biocomposite was produced in volume fractions of 0, 8, 22 and 56% chitin nanofibers. Favorable chitin-chitosan synergy for colloidal dispersion is demonstrated. Also, lowered moisture sorption is observed for the composites, probably due to the favorable chitin-chitosan interface. The highest toughness (area under stress-strain curve) was observed at 8 vol% chitin content. The toughening mechanisms and the need for well-dispersed chitin nanofibers is discussed. Finally, desired structural characteristics of ductile chitin biocomposites are discussed.

  • 36. Fernandes, Susana C. M.
    et al.
    Freire, Carmen S. R.
    Silvestre, Armando J. D.
    Pascoal Neto, Carlos
    Gandini, Alessandro
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Salmén, Lennart
    Transparent chitosan films reinforced with a high content of nanofibrillated cellulose2010In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 81, no 2, p. 394-401Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reports the preparation and characterization of nanocomposite films based on different chitosan matrices and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) for the purpose of improving strength properties. The nanocomposite films were prepared by a simple procedure of casting a water-based suspension of chitosan and NFC, and were characterized by several techniques: namely SEM, X-ray diffraction, visible spectrophotometry, TGA, tensile and dynamic-mechanical analysis. The films obtained were shown to be highly transparent (transmittance varying between 90 and 20% depending on the type of chitosan and NFC content), flexible, displayed better mechanical properties, with a maximum increment on the Young's modulus of 78% and 150% for high molecular weight (HCH) and water-soluble high molecular weight (WSHCH) filled chitosans, respectively; and of 200% and 320% for low molecular weight (LCH) and water-soluble filled (WSLCH) chitosans, respectively. The filled films also showed increased thermal stability, with, for example, an increase in the initial degradation temperature (Td(i)) from 227 degrees C in the unfilled LCH film up to 271 degrees C in filled LCHNFC50% nanocomposite films, and a maximum degradation temperature (Tdi) raising from 304 degrees C to 313 degrees C for the same materials.

  • 37. Fortunati, E.
    et al.
    Armentano, I.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Iannoni, A.
    Saino, E.
    Visai, L.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Kenny, J. M.
    Multifunctional bionanocomposite films of poly(lactic acid), cellulose nanocrystals and silver nanoparticles2012In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 87, no 2, p. 1596-1605Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocomposite films were prepared by the addition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) eventually surfactant modified (s-CNC) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles in the polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using melt extrusion followed by a film formation process. Multifunctional composite materials were investigated in terms of morphological, mechanical, thermal and antibacterial response. The nanocomposite films maintained the transparency properties of the PLA matrix. Thermal analysis showed increased values of crystallinity in the nanocomposites, more evident in the s-CNC based formulations that had the highest tensile Young modulus. The presence of surfactant favoured the dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals in the polymer matrix and the nucleation effect was remarkably enhanced. Moreover, an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coil cells was detected for ternary systems, suggesting that these novel nanocomposites may offer good perspectives for food packaging applications which require an antibacterial effect constant over time. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 38.
    Galland, Sylvain
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Cellulose network materials - compression molding and magnetic functionalization2012Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
  • 39.
    Galland, Sylvain
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Compression-moulded and multifunctional cellulose network materials2013Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose-based materials are widely used in a number of important applications (e.g. paper, wood, textiles). Additional developments are suggested by the growing interest for natural fibre-based composite and nanocomposite materials. The motivation is not only in the economic and ecological benefits, but is also related to advantageous properties and characteristics. The objective of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of process-structure-property relationships in some novel cellulose network materials with advanced functionalities, and showing potential large-scale processability. An important result is the favourable combination of mechanical properties observed for network-based cellulose materials.

    Compression-moulding of cellulose pulp fibres under high pressure (45 MPa) and elevated temperature (120 – 180 oC) provides an environmentally friendly process for preparation of stiff and strong cellulose composite plates. The structure of these materials is characterized at multiple scales (molecular, supra-molecular and microscale). These observations are related to measured reduction in water retention ability and improvement in mechanical properties.

    In a second part, cellulose nanofibrils (NFC) are functionalized with in-situ precipitated magnetic nanoparticles and formed into dense nanocomposite materials with high inorganic content. The precipitation conditions influence particle size distributions, which in turn affect the magnetic properties of the material. Besides, the decorated NFC network provides high stiffness, strength and toughness to materials with very high nanoparticle loading (up to 50 vol.%).

    Subsequently, a method for impregnation of wet NFC network templates with a thermosetting epoxy resin is developed, enabling the preparation of well-dispersed epoxy-NFC nanocomposites with high ductility and moisture durable mechanical properties. Furthermore, cellulose fibrils interact positively with the epoxy during curing (covalent bond formation and accelerated curing). Potential large scale development of epoxy-NFC and magnetic nanocomposites is further demonstrated with the manufacturing of 3D shaped compression-moulded objects.

    Finally, the wet impregnation route developed for epoxy is adapted to prepare UV-curable NFC nanocomposite films with a hyperbranched polymer matrix. Different chemical modifications are applied to the NFC in order to obtain moisture durable oxygen barrier properties.

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    PhD-Thesis-Galland
  • 40.
    Galland, Sylvain
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Andersson, Richard L.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Olsson, Richard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Strong and Moldable Cellulose Magnets with High Ferrite Nanoparticle Content2014In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 6, no 22, p. 20524-20534Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A major limitation in the development of highly functional hybrid nanocomposites is brittleness and low tensile strength at high inorganic nanoparticle content. Herein, cellulose nanofibers were extracted from wood and individually decorated with cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles and then for the first time molded at low temperature (<120 degrees C) into magnetic nanocomposites with up to 93 wt % inorganic content. The material structure was characterized by TEM and FE-SEM and mechanically tested as compression molded samples. The obtained porous magnetic sheets were further impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin, which improved the load-bearing functions of ferrite and cellulose material. A nanocomposite with 70 wt % ferrite, 20 wt % cellulose nanofibers, and 10 wt % epoxy showed a modulus of 12.6 GPa, a tensile strength of 97 MPa, and a strain at failure of ca. 4%. Magnetic characterization was performed in a vibrating sample magnetometer, which showed that the coercivity was unaffected and that the saturation magnetization was in proportion with the ferrite content. The used ferrite, CoFe2O4 is a magnetically hard material, demonstrated by that the composite material behaved as a traditional permanent magnet. The presented processing route is easily adaptable to prepare millimeter-thick and moldable magnetic objects. This suggests that the processing method has the potential to be scaled-up for industrial use for the preparation of a new subcategory of magnetic, low-cost, and moldable objects based on cellulose nanofibers.

  • 41.
    Galland, Sylvain
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Andersson, Richard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Olsson, Richard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Cellulose nanofibers decorated with magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, structure and use in magnetized high toughness membranes for a prototype loudspeaker2013In: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, ISSN 2050-7526, Vol. 1, no 47, p. 7963-7972Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic nanoparticles are the functional component for magnetic membranes, but they are difficult to disperse and process into tough membranes. Here, cellulose nanofibers are decorated with magnetic ferrite nanoparticles formed in situ which ensures a uniform particle distribution, thereby avoiding the traditional mixing stage with the potential risk of particle agglomeration. The attachment of the particles to the nanofibrils is achieved via aqueous in situ hydrolysis of metal precursors onto the fibrils at temperatures below 100 °C. Metal adsorption and precursor quantification were carried out using Induction Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). FE-SEM was used for high resolution characterization of the decorated nanofibers and hybrid membranes, and TEM was used for nanoparticle size distribution studies. The decorated nanofibers form a hydrocolloid. Large (200 mm diameter) hybrid cellulose/ferrite membranes were prepared by simple filtration and drying of the colloidal suspension. The low-density, flexible and permanently magnetized membranes contain as much as 60 wt% uniformly dispersed nanoparticles (thermogravimetric analysis data). Hysteresis magnetization was measured by a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer; the inorganic phase was characterized by XRD. Membrane mechanical properties were measured in uniaxial tension. An ultrathin prototype loudspeaker was made and its acoustic performance in terms of output sound pressure was characterized. A full spectrum of audible frequencies was resolved.

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    Magnetic cellulose nanofibers
  • 42.
    Galland, Sylvain
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Leterrier, Y.
    Nardi, T.
    Plummer, C.J.G.
    Månsson, A. E.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    UV-cured cellulose nanofiber composites with moisture durable oxygen barrier propertiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Galland, Sylvain
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Leterrier, Yves
    Nardi, Tommaso
    Plummer, Christopher J. G.
    Manson, Jan Anders E.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    UV-Cured Cellulose Nanofiber Composites with Moisture Durable Oxygen Barrier Properties2014In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 131, no 16, p. 40604-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocomposites based on 10 to 60 vol % cellulose nanofibers (NFC) in a photopolymerizable hyperbranched acrylate matrix were prepared. Unmodified NFC and NFC chemically modified with a silane coupling agent and with ceric ammonium nitrate for direct polymer grafting from the cellulose surface were used. A homogeneous dispersion of NFC in the matrix was obtained in each case, leading to a marked improvement in oxygen barrier (up to nine times) and thermomechanical properties (storage modulus increased up to seven times). The mechanisms involved in the permeability reduction were investigated, revealing non-monotonic trends in the evolution of the solubility and diffusion coefficients with NFC content. Most significantly, the inherent moisture sensitivity of the oxygen permeability of the NFC was found to be drastically reduced when it was dispersed in the polymer matrix, particularly after chemical modification, underlining the promise of the present approach for the production of robust, high barrier organic films.

  • 44.
    Galland, Sylvain
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Olsson, Richard T.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Ström, Valter
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Cellulose nanofibrils decorated by inorganic nanoparticles and used in magnetic nanocomposite membranes of high toughnessManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Galland, Sylvian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berthold, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Innventia AB, Sweden.
    Prakobna, Kasinee
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Holocellulose nanofibers of high molar mass and small diameter for high-strength nanopaper2015In: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 16, no 8, p. 2427-2435Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) based on bleached pulp are different from the cellulose microfibrils in the plant cell wall in terms of larger diameter, lower cellulose molar mass, and modified cellulose topochemistry. Also, CNF isolation often requires high-energy mechanical disintegration. Here, a new type of CNFs is reported based on a mild peracetic acid delignification process for spruce and aspen fibers, followed by low-energy mechanical disintegration. Resulting CNFs are characterized with respect to geometry (AFM, TEM), molar mass (SEC), and polysaccharide composition. Cellulose nanopaper films are prepared by filtration and characterized by UV-vis spectrometry for optical transparency and uniaxial tensile tests. These CNFs are unique in terms of high molar mass and cellulose-hemicellulose core-shell structure. Furthermore, the corresponding nanopaper structures exhibit exceptionally high optical transparency and the highest mechanical properties reported for comparable CNF nanopaper structures.

  • 46. Gebauer, Denis
    et al.
    Oliynyk, Vitaliy
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Sort, Jordi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Bergstrom, Lennart
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    A transparent hybrid of nanocrystalline cellulose and amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles2011In: NANOSCALE, ISSN 2040-3364, Vol. 3, no 9, p. 3563-3566Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocellulose hybrids are promising candidates for biodegradable multifunctional materials. Hybrids of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles were obtained through a facile chemical approach over a wide range of compositions. Controlling the interactions between NCC and ACC results in hard, transparent structures with tunable composition, homogeneity and anisotropy.

  • 47.
    Hamedi, Mahiar M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Hajian, Alireza
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Fall, Andreas B.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Håkansson, Karl
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lundell, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Highly Conducting, Strong Nanocomposites Based on Nanocellulose-Assisted Aqueous Dispersions of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes2014In: ACS Nano, ISSN 1936-0851, E-ISSN 1936-086X, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 2467-2476Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is challenging to obtain high-quality dispersions of single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) in composite matrix materials, in order to reach the full potential of mechanical and electronic properties. The most widely used matrix materials are polymers, and the route to achieving high quality dispersions of SWNT is mainly chemical functionalization of the SWNT. This leads to increased cost, a loss of strength and lower conductivity. In addition full potential of colloidal self-assembly cannot be fully exploited in a polymer matrix. This may limit the possibilities for assembly of highly ordered structural nanocomposites. Here we show that nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) can act as an excellent aqueous dispersion agent for as-prepared SWNTs, making possible low-cost exfoliation and purification of SWNTs with dispersion limits exceeding 40 wt %. The NFC:SWNT dispersion may also offer a cheap and sustainable alternative for molecular self-assembly of advanced composites. We demonstrate semitransparent conductive films, aerogels and anisotropic microscale fibers with nanoscale composite structure. The NFC:SWNT nanopaper shows increased strength at 3 wt % SWNT, reaching a modulus of 133 GPa, and a strength of 307 MPa. The anisotropic microfiber composites have maximum conductivities above 200 S cm(-1) and current densities reaching 1400 A cm(-2).

  • 48.
    Hassel, Ivon
    et al.
    Laboratory of Structural Function, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University.
    Berard, Pierre
    Laboratory of Sustainable Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University.
    Modén, Carl S.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    The single cube apparatus for shear testing: Full-field strain data and finite element analysis of wood in transverse shear2009In: Composites Science And Technology, ISSN 0266-3538, E-ISSN 1879-1050, Vol. 69, no 7-8, p. 877-882Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The design and analysis of wood structures require accurate data for shear properties, where transverse shear in particular has been neglected in the past. The single cube apparatus (SCA) was applied to transverse shear of Norway spruce (Picea Abies), due to the importance of this species in wood structures, such as glulam, and also its allegedly low value of GRT . Full-field strain data and FEA were used to analyze the potential of the method. The presence of a large central region of homogeneous and close to pure shear strain was confirmed. The SCA method is therefore a strong candidate for improved shear test procedures in wood and other materials, where porosity (gripping problems), heterogeneity on mm-scale and polar orthotropy (annual ring curvature) may cause particular difficulties. In contrast to many other shear test studies, the accuracy of the present GRT data is supported by documented large and homogeneous specimen stress- and strain-fields in almost pure shear, direct measurements of strain field, and careful stress analysis based on FEA.

  • 49.
    Hassel, Ivon
    et al.
    Laboratory of Structural Function, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University.
    Modén, Carl S.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Functional gradient effects explain the low transverse shear modulus in spruce: Full-field strain data and a micromechanics model2009In: Composites Science And Technology, ISSN 0266-3538, E-ISSN 1879-1050, Vol. 69, no 14, p. 2491-2496Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important failure mechanism in glulam beams is cracking caused by out-of-plane transverse loads. It has been demonstrated that the low transverse shear modulus G(RT) in spruce contributes to large transverse strain inhomogeneities due to the annual ring structure in combination with shear coupling effects. In the present study, improved understanding of annual ring effects is achieved by the development of a micromechanical model. It relates the functional density gradient in spruce annual rings to shear modulus GRT. The geometrical basis is a hexagonal cell model, and in shear it is demonstrated to deform primarily by cell wall bending. Full-field strain measurements by digital speckle photography (DSP) show very strong correlation with predicted shear strains at the annual ring scale. Predictions are obtained by implementation of the micromechanics model in a finite element (FE) model developed for the single cube apparatus shear specimen. The low GRT of spruce is due to the strong dependence of GRT on relative density rho/rho(s)(G(RT) proportional to (rho/rho(s))(3)). This is particularly important in spruce. Even though average density is typically quite high, the functional gradient structure includes local densities as low as 200 kg/m(3).

  • 50.
    Henriksson, Marielle
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Bulone, Vincent
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Producing paper, useful as e.g. filter paper, speaker membrane and suture, comprises providing modified nanofibrils of cellulose, providing suspension of modified nanofibrils, and filtering, dewatering and drying the nanofibrils2009Patent (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    The present invention relates to a method of producing a cellulose based paper, the paper itself and the use thereof where the paper exhibits enhanced mechanical properties. The method involves providing a suspension of well dispersed modified cellulose at a low concentration. The properties and the chemical structure of the paper make it suitable for in vivo applications such as implant material.

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