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  • 1. Abbasi Hoseini, A.
    et al.
    Lundell, Fredrik
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Mekanik, Strömningsfysik. KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Centra, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Andersson, H. I.
    Finite-length effects on dynamical behavior of rod-like particles in wall-bounded turbulent flow2015Inngår i: International Journal of Multiphase Flow, ISSN 0301-9322, E-ISSN 1879-3533, Vol. 76, s. 13-21Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Combined Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) measurements have been performed in dilute suspensions of rod-like particles in wall turbulence. PIV results for the turbulence field in the water table flow apparatus compared favorably with data from Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of channel flow turbulence and the universality of near-wall turbulence justified comparisons with DNS of fiber-laden channel flow. In order to examine any shape effects on the dynamical behavior of elongated particles in wall-bounded turbulent flow, fibers with three different lengths but the same diameter were used. In the logarithmic part of the wall-layer, the translational fiber velocity was practically unaffected by the fiber length l. In the buffer layer, however, the fiber dynamics turned out to be severely constrained by the distance z to the wall. The short fibers accumulated preferentially in low-speed areas and adhered to the local fluid speed. The longer fibers (l/z > 1) exhibited a bi-modal probability distribution for the fiber velocity, which reflected an almost equal likelihood for a long fiber to reside in an ejection or in a sweep. It was also observed that in the buffer region, high-speed long fibers were almost randomly oriented whereas for all size cases the slowly moving fibers preferentially oriented in the streamwise direction. These phenomena have not been observed in DNS studies of fiber suspension flows and suggested l/z to be an essential parameter in a new generation of wall-collision models to be used in numerical studies.

  • 2.
    Aminzadeh, Selda
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lauberts, M.
    Dobele, G.
    Ponomarenko, J.
    Mattsson, T.
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Sevastyanova, Olena
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Membrane filtration of kraft lignin: Structural charactristics and antioxidant activity of the low-molecular-weight fraction2018Inngår i: Industrial crops and products (Print), ISSN 0926-6690, E-ISSN 1872-633X, Vol. 112, s. 200-209Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Lignin, which is the second most abundant biomass component and has carbon-rich phenolic content, is a promising renewable raw material for multiple applications, such as carbon fibers, adhesives, and emulsifiers. To use lignin efficiently, it is important to ensure its purity and homogeneity. As a result, the separation of lignin into fractions with high purity and narrow molecular-weight distributions is likely a prerequisite for several applications. Ultrafiltration using ceramic membranes has many advantages, including enabling direct lignin extraction from Kraft pulp cooking liquors without pH and temperature adjustment. One challenge with membrane filtration using such a system is the potential for reduced membrane performance over time, which is associated with fouling. In this study, LignoBoost Kraft lignin was fractionated using a ceramic membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 1 kDa. The separation behavior during ultrafiltration fractionation was investigated and the antioxidant properties of the recovered low-molecular-weight (low-MW) lignin samples were evaluated. Using this model system, the permeate fluxes were unstable during the 100 h of membrane operation. However, a decrease in the average MW in the permeate over time was observed. The shift in MW was most pronounced for virgin membranes, while a more stable MW distribution was evident for membranes subjected to multiple cleaning cycles. According to 2D NMR analysis, low-MW lignin that was recovered after 100 h of operation, consisted of smaller lignin fragments, such as dimers and oligomers, with a high content of methoxy-groups. This was confirmed using the size exclusion chromatography method, which indicated an weigh average molecular weight in the range of 450–500 Da. 31P NMR spectroscopy showed that, despite the lower total content of phenolic OH groups, the low-MW sample had a higher proportion of non-condensed phenolic OH groups. The results of the antioxidant tests demonstrated the strong potential of lignin and its low-MW fraction as a natural antioxidant, particularly for lipid-containing systems. The low-MW lignin fraction showed better antioxidant activity than the non-fractionated LignoBoost lignin in the kinetic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) test and demonstrated three-fold stronger inhibition of the substrate (fluorescein) than the reference antioxidant Trolox (a water-soluble derivative of vitamin E).

  • 3.
    Aminzadeh, Selda
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Mattsson, Tuve
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    On the crossflow membrane fractionation of lignoboost kraft lignin: Characterization of low molecular weight fractions2016Inngår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 251Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 4. Anasontzis, George E.
    et al.
    Pena, Margarita Salazar
    Spadiut, Oliver
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Brumer, Harry
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Olsson, Lisbeth
    Effects of temperature and glycerol and methanol-feeding profiles on the production of recombinant galactose oxidase in Pichia pastoris2014Inngår i: Biotechnology progress (Print), ISSN 8756-7938, E-ISSN 1520-6033, Vol. 30, nr 3, s. 728-735Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Optimization of protein production from methanol-induced Pichia pastoris cultures is necessary to ensure high productivity rates and high yields of recombinant proteins. We investigated the effects of temperature and different linear or exponential methanol-feeding rates on the production of recombinant Fusarium graminearum galactose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.9) in a P. pastoris Mut+ strain, under regulation of the AOX1 promoter. We found that low exponential methanol feeding led to 1.5-fold higher volumetric productivity compared to high exponential feeding rates. The duration of glycerol feeding did not affect the subsequent product yield, but longer glycerol feeding led to higher initial biomass concentration, which would reduce the oxygen demand and generate less heat during induction. A linear and a low exponential feeding profile led to productivities in the same range, but the latter was characterized by intense fluctuations in the titers of galactose oxidase and total protein. An exponential feeding profile that has been adapted to the apparent biomass concentration results in more stable cultures, but the concentration of recombinant protein is in the same range as when constant methanol feeding is employed.

  • 5. Andersson, L.
    et al.
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Bergström, Lennart
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University.
    Evaluating pore space in macroporous ceramics with water-based porosimetry2013Inngår i: Journal of The American Ceramic Society, ISSN 0002-7820, E-ISSN 1551-2916, Vol. 96, nr 6, s. 1916-1922Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We show that water-based porosimetry (WBP), a facile, simple, and nondestructive porosimetry technique, accurately evaluates both the pore size distribution and throat size distribution of sacrificially templated macroporous alumina. The pore size distribution and throat size distribution derived from the WBP evaluation in uptake (imbibition) and release (drainage) mode, respectively, were corroborated by mercury porosimetry and X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). In contrast with mercury porosimetry, the WBP also provided information on the presence of "dead-end pores" in the macroporous alumina.

  • 6.
    Andersson, Richard L.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material.
    Mallon, Peter E.
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material.
    Olsson, Richard T.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Micromechanics of toughness improved electrospun PMMA fibers with embedded cellulose as tested under in-situ microscopyManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 7.
    Andersson, Richard L.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material.
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Mallon, P. E.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material.
    Olsson, Richard T.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Micromechanical Tensile Testing of Cellulose-Reinforced Electrospun Fibers Using a Template Transfer Method (TTM)2012Inngår i: Journal of Polymers and the Environment, ISSN 1566-2543, E-ISSN 1572-8919, Vol. 20, nr 4, s. 967-975Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A template transfer method (TTM) and a fiber fixation technique were established for fiber handling and micro tensile stage mounting of aligned and non-aligned electrospun fiber mats. The custom-made template had been precut to be mounted on a variety of collectors, including a rapidly rotating collector used to align the fibers. The method eliminated need for direct physical interaction with the fiber mats before or during the tensile testing since the fiber mats were never directly clamped or removed from the original substrate. By using the TTM it was possible to measure the tensile properties of aligned poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fiber mats, which showed a 250 % increase in strength and 450 % increase in modulus as compared to a non-aligned system. The method was further evaluated for aligned PMMA fibers reinforced with cellulose (4 wt%) prepared as enzymatically derived nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). These fibers showed an additional increase of 30 % in both tensile strength and modulus, resulting in a toughness increase of 25 %. The fracture interfaces of the PMMA-NFC fibers showed a low amount of NFC pull-outs, indicating favorable phase compatibility. The presented fiber handling technique is universal and may be applied where conservative estimates of mechanical properties need to be assessed for very thin fibers.

  • 8.
    Ankerfors, Caroline
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Johansson, Erik
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Pettersson, Torbjörn
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Use of polyelectrolyte complexes and multilayers from polymers and nanoparticles to create sacrificial bonds between surfaces2013Inngår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 391, s. 28-35Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, particle polyelectrolyte complexes (PPECs) were formed by mixing cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and silica nanoparticles using the jet mixing technique. Within certain limits, the size of the formed PPECs could be controlled. The aim was to prepare PPECs with embedded sacrificial bonds, similar to those found in bones. Examination of PPEC adsorption to silica model surfaces indicated that,smaller PPECs adsorbed to a higher level than larger ones, due to the higher diffusion speed of smaller complexes. Adsorption studies of the same components as in the PPECs, but arranged in multilayers, that is, particle polyelectrolyte multilayers (PPEMs), indicated a stable, gradual build-up of material on the surface with smaller nanoparticles, whereas PPEMs comprising elongated nanoparticles appeared to be more loosely adsorbed onto the surface when the nanoparticles were in the outer layer, due to repulsive forces within the adsorbed layer. The AFM colloidal probe technique was used to study the interaction between surfaces treated with PPECs, multilayers, or polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). The results showed that the expected long-range disentanglement could be achieved with PPECs but that the pull-off forces were generally low. Treatment with PPEMs comprising the same polymer and nanoparticle components produced higher pull-off values, together with disentanglement behaviour, possibly due to better contact between the surfaces. Adhesion experiments with polymer PECs showed significantly higher pull-off values than with the PPECs, probably due to polymer interdiffusion across the surface boundary.

  • 9.
    Ankerfors, Caroline
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi.
    Pettersson, Torbjörn
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    AFM adhesion imaging for comparison of polyelectrolyte complexes and polyelectrolyte multilayers2012Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 10.
    Ankerfors, Caroline
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Pettersson, Torbjörn
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    AFM adhesion imaging for the comparison of polyelectrolyte complexes and polyelectrolyte multilayers2012Inngår i: Soft Matter, ISSN 1744-683X, E-ISSN 1744-6848, Vol. 8, nr 32, s. 8298-8301Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The adhesion and topography of dry surfaces treated with polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) and multilayers (PEMs) of PAH/PAA or CPAM/silica nanoparticles were studied using AFM adhesion mapping. PEMs gave higher adhesion than did PECs for the PAH/PAA system, but adhesion did not differ significantly between PEMs and PECs for the CPAM/silica system. The latter system displayed multiple release patterns, interpreted as disentanglements and tentatively ascribed to nanoparticle presence. AFM adhesion mapping is valuable for analysing PEC and PEM. The measurements should, however, be combined with separate force measurements for a more complete picture of the adhesion.

  • 11. Ankerfors, Caroline
    et al.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Tailoring of Wood Fibre Surfaces2014Inngår i: Polyelectrolyte Complexes In The Dispersed And Solid State II: Application Aspects, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2014, s. 1-24Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) provides new opportunities for surface engineering of solid particles in aqueous environments to functionalize the solids either for use in interactive products or to tailor their adhesive interactions in the dry and/or wet state. This chapter describes the use of PECs in paper-making applications where the PECs are used for tailoring the surfaces of wood-based fibres. Initially a detailed description of the adsorption process is given, in more general terms, and in this respect both in situ formed and pre-formed complexes are considered. When using in situ formed complexes, which were intentionally formed by the addition of oppositely charged polymers, it was established that the order of addition of the two polyelectrolytes was important, and by adding the polycation first a more extensive fibre flocculation was found. PECs can also form in situ by the interaction between polyelectrolytes added and polyelectrolytes already present in the fibre suspension originating from the wood material, e. g. lignosulphonates or hemicelluloses. In this respect the complexation can be detrimental for process efficiency and/or product quality depending on the charge balance between the components, and when using the PECs for fibre engineering it is not recommended to rely on in situ PEC formation. Instead the PECs should be pre-formed before addition to the fibres. The use of pre-formed PECs in the paper-making process is described as three sub-processes: PEC formation, adsorption onto surfaces, and the effect on the adhesion between surfaces. The addition of PECs, and adsorption to the fibres, prior to formation of the paper network structure has shown to result in a significant increase in joint strength between the fibres and to an increased strength of the paper made from the fibres. The increased joint strength between the fibres is due to both an increased molecular contact area between the fibres and an increased molecular adhesion. The increased paper strength is also a result of an increased number of fibre/fibre contacts/unit volume of the paper network.

  • 12.
    Ankerfors, Mikael
    et al.
    Innventia AB, Sweden.
    Llindström, Tom
    Innventia AB, Sweden.
    Söderberg, Daniel
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Innventia AB, Sweden.
    The use of microfibrillated cellulose in fine paper manufacturing: Results from a pilot scale papermaking trial2014Inngår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 29, nr 3, s. 476-483Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work the strength enhancing capabilities of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) in highly filled papers was studied. Both the MFC production and the paper making were done in pilot scale under realistic industrial conditions. The results clearly show that MFC (2.5 - 5.0wt-%) could improve the mechanical properties of highly filled papers (20 - 35 wt-% filler contents). All studied dry mechanical properties were improved and the improvements were most pronounced for Z-strength and fracture toughness. By combining the MFC with a C-starch dosage further improvements in mechanical properties could be achieved. The improvements in mechanical properties enabled increased filler content with retained properties. The filler increase could be achieved at the same time as the sheet formation and the dry content after pressing were improved.

  • 13.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Toward Semistructural Cellulose Nanocomposites: The Need for Scalable Processing and Interface Tailoring2018Inngår i: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 19, nr 7, s. 2341-2350Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose nanocomposites can be considered for semistructural load-bearing applications where modulus and strength requirements exceed 10 GPa and 100 MPa, respectively. Such properties are higher than for most neat polymers but typical for molded short glass fiber composites. The research challenge for polymer matrix biocomposites is to develop processing concepts that allow high cellulose nanofibril (CNF) content, nanostructural control in the form of well-dispersed CNF, the use of suitable polymer matrices, as well as molecular scale interface tailoring to address moisture effects. From a practical point of view, the processing concept needs to be scalable so that large-scale industrial processing is feasible. The vast majority of cellulose nanocomposite studies elaborate on materials with low nanocellulose content. An important reason is the challenge to prevent CNF agglomeration at high CNF content. Research activities are therefore needed on concepts with the potential for rapid processing with controlled nanostructure, including well-dispersed fibrils at high CNF content so that favorable properties are obtained. This perspective discusses processing strategies, agglomeration problems, opportunities, and effects from interface tailoring. Specifically, preformed CNF mats can be used to design nanostructured biocomposites with high CNF content. Because very few composite materials combine functional and structural properties, CNF materials are an exception in this sense. The suggested processing concept could include functional components (inorganic clays, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, among others). In functional three-phase systems, CNF networks are combined with functional components (nanoparticles or fibril coatings) together with a ductile polymer matrix. Such materials can have functional properties (optical, magnetic, electric, etc.) in combination with mechanical performance, and the comparably low cost of nanocellulose may facilitate the use of large nanocomposite structures in industrial applications.

  • 14.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Galland, Sylvain
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Johansson, Mats K. G.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Plummer, Christopher J. G.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Cellulose nanofiber network for moisture stable, strong and ductile biocomposites and increased epoxy curing rate2014Inngår i: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, ISSN 1359-835X, E-ISSN 1878-5840, Vol. 63, s. 35-44Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocomposites with high volume fractions (15-50 vol%) of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) were prepared by impregnation of a wet porous NFC network with acetone/epoxy/amine solution. Infrared spectroscopy studies revealed a significant increase in curing rate of epoxy (EP) in the presence of NFC. The NFC provided extremely efficient reinforcement (at 15 vol%: 3-fold increase in stiffness and strength to 5.9 GPa and 109 MPa, respectively), and ductility was preserved. Besides, the glass transition temperature increased with increasing NFC content (from 68 degrees C in neat epoxy to 86 degrees C in 50 vol% composite). Most interestingly, the moisture sorption values were low and even comparable to neat epoxy for the 15 vol% NFC/EP. This material did not change mechanical properties at increased relative humidity (90% RH). Thus, NFC/EP provides a unique combination of high strength, modulus, ductility, and moisture stability for a cellulose-based biocomposite. Effects from nanostructural and interfacial tailoring are discussed.

  • 15.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Galland, Sylvain
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Johansson, Mats K. G.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Skrivfars, Mikael
    Plummer, Christopher
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Biocomposites of nanofibrillated cellulose with thermoset resins2014Inngår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 247, s. 41-CELL-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 16.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer.
    Lindh, Erik L.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemi, Tillämpad fysikalisk kemi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Innventia AB, Sweden.
    Furo, Istvan
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemi, Tillämpad fysikalisk kemi.
    Johansson, Mats K.G.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Ytbehandlingsteknik.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Interface tailoring through covalent hydroxyl-epoxy bonds improves hygromechanical stability in nanocellulose materials2016Inngår i: Composites Science And Technology, ISSN 0266-3538, E-ISSN 1879-1050, Vol. 134, s. 175-183Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Wide-spread use of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) biocomposites and nanomaterials is limited by CNF moisture sensitivity due to surface hydration. We report on a versatile and scalable interface tailoring route for CNF to address this, based on technically important epoxide chemistry. Bulk impregnation of epoxide-amine containing liquids is used to show that CNF hydroxyls can react with epoxides at high rates and high degree of conversion to form covalent bonds. Reactions take place inside nanostructured CNF networks under benign conditions, and are verified by solid state NMR. Epoxide modified CNF nanopaper shows significantly improved mechanical properties under moist and wet conditions. High resolution microscopy is used in fractography studies to relate the property differences to structural change. The cellulose-epoxide interface tailoring concept is versatile in that the functionality of molecules with epoxide end-groups can be varied over a wide range. Furthermore, epoxide reactions with nanocellulose can be readily implemented for processing of moisture-stable, tailored interface biocomposites in the form of coatings, adhesives and molded composites.

  • 17.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH.
    Rojas Escontrillas, Ramiro
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Molecular blending and reinforcing effect of lignin in ductile epoxy resins2017Inngår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 253Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 18.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO). KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Cellulose nanocomposites - Controlling dispersion and material properties through nanocellulose surface modification2015Inngår i: 20th International Conference on Composite Materials, ICCM 2015, International Committee on Composite Materials , 2015Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of cellulosic nanofibers as reinforcement in polymer composites offers great advantages over their petroleum counterparts. Apart from being strong, stiff and low density; they are obtained from naturally occurring resources and as such are favorable from an environmental point of view. A major problem while studying nanomaterials is their tendency to agglomerate, thus leading to inhomogeneous distribution within the polymer matrix. This often results in stress concentrations in the matrix rich regions when the material is subjected to load and therefore, limits the potential application of these materials. A common approach to circumvent this is by surface modification, which facilitates the dispersion in non-polar matrices. An environmental friendly approach, inspired by clay chemistry, was used to functionalize the CNC surface. It was shown that the CNC could be modified in a rather convenient way to attach a variety of functional groups on the surface. Primarily, the problem of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) distribution in a hydrophobic polymer matrix is investigated. Composites prepared from modified CNC were studied and compared with unmodified CNC. The distribution of the CNC is carefully monitored at different stages via UV-Vis spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the resulting materials were characterized by dynamic mechanical as well as uniaxial tensile tests. It was shown that a homogeneous distribution of the CNC exposes a tremendous amount of surface area to interact with the matrix. In such a case, the stress transfer is much more efficient and perhaps, the matrix behavior is modified, which leads to significant improvements in the mechanical properties.

  • 19.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi.
    Zhou, Qi
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lars, Berglund
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Strong surface treatment effects on reinforcement efficiency in biocomposites based on cellulose nanocrystals in poly(vinyl acetate) matrix2015Inngår i: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 16, nr 12, s. 3916-3924Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, the problem to disperse cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in hydrophobic polymer matrices has been addressed through application of an environmentally friendly chemical modification approach inspired by clay chemistry. The objective is to compare the effects of unmodified CNC and modified CNC (modCNC) reinforcement, where degree of CNC dispersion is of interest. Hydrophobic functionalization made it possible to disperse wood-based modCNC in organic solvent and cast well-dispersed nanocomposite films of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with 1-20 wt % CNC. Composite films were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile testing, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Strongly increased mechanical properties were observed for modCNC nanocomposites. The reinforcement efficiency was much lower in unmodified CNC composites, and specific mechanisms causing the differences are discussed.

  • 20.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Sjöstedt, Anna
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Biocomposites based on nanostructured chemical wood pulp fibres in epoxy matrixManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 21.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Centra, VinnExcellens Centrum BiMaC Innovation.
    Sjöstedt, Anna
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Centra, VinnExcellens Centrum BiMaC Innovation. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Centra, VinnExcellens Centrum BiMaC Innovation. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Hierarchical wood cellulose fiber/epoxy biocomposites: Materials design of fiber porosity and nanostructure2015Inngår i: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing, ISSN 1359-835X, E-ISSN 1878-5840, Vol. 74, s. 60-68Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Delignified chemical wood pulp fibers can be designed to have a controlled structure of cellulose fibril aggregates to serve as porous templates in biocomposites with unique properties. The potential of these fibers as reinforcement for an epoxy matrix (EP) was investigated in this work. Networks of porous wood fibers were impregnated with monomeric epoxy and cured. Microscopy images from ultramicrotomed cross sections and tensile fractured surfaces were used to study the distribution of matrix inside and around the fibers - at two different length scales. Mechanical characterization at different relative humidity showed much improved mechanical properties of biocomposites based on epoxy-impregnated fibers and they were rather insensitive to surrounding humidity. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of cellulose-fiber biocomposites were compared with those of cellulose-nanofibril (CNF) composites; strong similarities were found between the two materials. The reasons for this, some limitations and the role of specific surface area of the fiber are discussed.

  • 22.
    Ansari, Farhan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer.
    Skrifvars, M.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Nanostructured biocomposites based on unsaturated polyester resin and a cellulose nanofiber network2015Inngår i: Composites Science And Technology, ISSN 0266-3538, E-ISSN 1879-1050, Vol. 117, s. 298-306Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Biocomposites reinforced by natural plant fibers tend to be brittle, moisture sensitive and have limited strength. Wood cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were therefore used to reinforce an unsaturated polyester matrix (UP) without the need of coupling agents or CNF surface modification. The nanostructured CNF network reinforcement strongly improves modulus and strength of UP but also ductility and toughness. A template-based prepreg processing approach of industrial potential is adopted, which combines high CNF content (up to 45 vol%) with nanoscale CNF dispersion. The CNF/UP composites are subjected to moisture sorption, dynamic thermal analysis, tensile tests at different humidities, fracture toughness tests and fractography. The glass transition temperature (T-g) increases substantially with CNF content. Modulus and strength of UP increase about 3 times at 45 vol% CNF whereas ductility and apparent fracture toughness are doubled. Tensile properties at high humidity are compared with other bio-composites and interpreted based on differences in molecular interactions at the interface.

  • 23.
    Antonsson, Stefan
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Mäkelä, Petri
    Innventia AB.
    Fellers, Christer
    Innventia AB.
    Lindström, Mikael E.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Comparison of the physical properties between hardwood and softwood pulps2009Inngår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 24, nr 4, s. 409-414Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    High mechano-sorptive creep resistance, i.e., good creep resistance in environments with changing relative humidity, is one of the key requirements for linerboards. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pulp types and pulp properties on the mechano-sorptive creep of kraftliner. A high-yield softwood, kraftliner pulp, and four different hardwood pulps were investigated. The physical properties of laboratory sheets were evaluated, with emphasis on the mechano-sorptive creep properties.

    The results showed that the density increase due to increased beating significantly improved the tensile stiffness of all pulps, while its effect on the isocyclic creep stiffness was less pronounced. The hardwood pulps showed higher tensile stiffness, better mechano-sorptive creep properties, and lower hygroexpansion than the softwood pulp at a given density. However, the softwood pulp did exhibit better tensile strength and fracture toughness properties than the hardwood pulps.

    The results imply that hardwood pulps can be competitive with softwood pulps in kraftliners, provided that their tensile strength and fracture toughness properties can be improved by, for example, chemical means. Furthermore, the isocyclic creep stiffness correlates with the ratio of tensile stiffness to hygroexpansion, indicating that this ratio can be used for engineering estimates of the mechano-sorptive creep performance of paper materials.

  • 24.
    Araújo, Ana Catarina
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap.
    Song, Yajing
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Genteknologi. KTH, Centra, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lundeberg, Joakim
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Genteknologi. KTH, Centra, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Ståhl, Patrik L.
    Brumer, Harry, III
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Activated Paper Surfaces for the Rapid Hybridization of DNA through Capillary Transport2012Inngår i: Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0003-2700, E-ISSN 1520-6882, Vol. 84, nr 7, s. 3311-3317Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of low-cost, accurate, and equipment-free diagnostic tests is crucial to many clinical, laboratory, and field applications, including forensics and medical diagnostics. Cellulose fiber-based paper is an inexpensive, biodegradable, and renewable resource, the use of which as a biomolecule detection matrix and support confers several advantages compared to traditional materials such as glass. In this context, a new, facile method for the preparation of surface functionalized papers bearing single-stranded probe DNA (ssDNA) for rapid target hybridization via capillary transport is presented. Optimized reaction conditions were developed that allowed the direct, one-step activation of standard laboratory filters by the inexpensive and readily available bifunctional linking reagent, 1,4-phenylenediisothiocyanate. Such papers were thus amenable to subsequent coupling of amine-labeled ssDNA under standard conditions widely used for glass-based supports. The intrinsic wicking ability of the paper matrix facilitated rapid sample elution through arrays of probe DNA, leading to significant, detectable hybridization in the time required for the sample liquid to transit the vertical length of the strip (less than 2 min). The broad applicability of these paper test strips as rapid and specific diagnostics in "real-life" situations was exemplified by the discrimination of amplicons generated from canine and human mitochondrial and genomic DNA in mock forensic samples.

  • 25. Ariza, A.
    et al.
    Eklöf, Jens
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap.
    Spadiut, Oliver
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Offen, W.A.
    Roberts, S.M.
    Wilson, K.S.
    Brumer, Harry
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Davies, G.J.
    Structure and Activity of a Paenibacillus polymyxa Xyloglucanase from Glycoside Hydrolase Family 442011Inngår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry, ISSN 0021-9258, E-ISSN 1083-351X, Vol. 286, nr 39, s. 33890-33900Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The enzymatic degradation of plant polysaccharides is emerging as one of the key environmental goals of the early 21st century, impacting on many processes in the textile and detergent industries as well as biomass conversion to biofuels. One of the well known problems with the use of nonstarch (nonfood)-based substrates such as the plant cell wall is that the cellulose fibers are embedded in a network of diverse polysaccharides, including xyloglucan, that renders access difficult. There is therefore increasing interest in the "accessory enzymes," including xyloglucanases, that may aid biomass degradation through removal of "hemicellulose" polysaccharides. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of the endo-beta-1,4-(xylo)glucan hydrolase from Paenibacillus polymyxa with polymeric, oligomeric, and defined chromogenic aryl-oligosaccharide substrates. The enzyme displays an unusual specificity on defined xyloglucan oligosaccharides, cleaving the XXXG-XXXG repeat into XXX and GXXXG. Kinetic analysis on defined oligosaccharides and on aryl-glycosides suggests that both the -4 and +1 subsites show discrimination against xylose-appended glucosides. The three-dimensional structures of PpXG44 have been solved both in apo-form and as a series of ligand complexes that map the -3 to -1 and +1 to +5 subsites of the extended ligand binding cleft. Complex structures are consistent with partial intolerance of xylosides in the -4' subsites. The atypical specificity of PpXG44 may thus find use in industrial processes involving xyloglucan degradation, such as biomass conversion, or in the emerging exciting applications of defined xyloglucans in food, pharmaceuticals, and cellulose fiber modification.

  • 26.
    Arnling Bååth, Jenny
    et al.
    Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Giummarella, Nicola
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Klaubauf, Sylvia
    Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Lawoko, Martin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Olsson, Lisbeth
    Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    A glucuronoyl esterase from Acremonium alcalophilum cleaves native lignin-carbohydrate ester bonds2016Inngår i: FEBS Letters, ISSN 0014-5793, E-ISSN 1873-3468, Vol. 590, nr 16, s. 2611-2618Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The Glucuronoyl esterases (GE) have been proposed to target lignin-carbohydrate (LC) ester bonds between lignin moieties and glucuronic acid side groups of xylan, but to date, no direct observations of enzymatic cleavage on native LC ester bonds have been demonstrated. In the present investigation, LCC fractions from spruce and birch were treated with a recombinantly produced GE originating from Acremonium alcalophilum (AaGE1). A combination of size exclusion chromatography and 31P NMR analyses of phosphitylated LCC samples, before and after AaGE1 treatment provided the first evidence for cleavage of the LC ester linkages existing in wood.

  • 27.
    Aulin, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Innventia AB, Sweden.
    Johansson, Erik
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Structure and Properties of Layer-by-Layer Films from Combinations of Cellulose Nanofibers, Polyelectrolytes and Colloids2014Inngår i: HANDBOOK OF GREEN MATERIALS, VOL 3: SELF - AND DIRECT - ASSEMBLING OF BIONANOMATERIALS, World Scientific, 2014, s. 57-77Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The formation of nanometer-thin films of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), polyelectrolytes, and/or nanoparticles has opened up new possibilities of manufacturing interactive devices with controlled mechanical properties. By controlling the charge of the CNF and the charge and 3D structure of the polyelectrolytes, it is possible to control the buildup, i.e., the thickness, the adsorbed amount, and the immobilized water of layer-by-layer (LbL) films of these materials. The charge balance between the components is not the only factor controlling the LbL formation. The structure of these adsorbed layers in combination with the properties of the constituent components will in turn control how these layers interact with, for example moist air. The mechanical properties of the LbLs can be tuned by combining the high-modulus CNF with different components. This has been shown by using a microbuckling technique where the mechanical properties of ultra-thin films can be measured. In combination with, for example, moisture-sensitive poly(ethylene imine) (PEI), the Young's modulus of CNF/PEI films can be changed by one order of magnitude when the humidity is increased from 0% RH to 50% RH. The incorporation of high-modulus nanoparticles such as SiO2 particles can also be used to prepare LbLs with a higher modulus. Examples are also given where it is shown that the color of an LbL film can be used as a non-contact moisture sensor since the thickness is related to the amount of adsorbed moisture. By chemical modification of the CNF, it is also possible to tailor the interaction between the CNF and multivalent metal ions, enabling a specific interaction between multivalent for example metal surfaces in water and modified CNF.

  • 28.
    Aulin, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Karabulut, Erdem
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Tran, Amy
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lindström, Tom
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Transparent Nanocellulosic Multilayer Thin Films on Polylactic Acid with Tunable Gas Barrier Properties2013Inngår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 5, nr 15, s. 7352-7359Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method was used for the build-up of alternating layers of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with a branched, cationic polyelectrolyte, polyethyleneimine (PEI) on flexible poly (lactic acid) (PLA) substrates. With this procedure, optically transparent nanocellulosic films with tunable gas barrier properties were formed. 50 layer pairs of PEI/NFC and PEI/CMC deposited on PLA have oxygen permeabilities of 0.34 and 0.71 cm(3).mu m/m(2).day.kPa at 23 degrees C and 50% relative humidity, respectively, which is in the same range as polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene vinyl alcohol. The oxygen permeability of these multilayer nanocomposites outperforms those of pure NFC films prepared by solvent-casting. The nanocellulosic LbL assemblies on PLA substrates was in detailed characterized using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals large structural differences between the PEI/NFC and the PEI/CMC assemblies, with the PEI/NFC assembly showing a highly entangled network of nanofibrils, whereas the PEI/CMC surfaces lacked structural features. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a nearly perfect uniformity of the nanocellulosic coatings on PLA, and light transmittance results revealed remarkable transparency of the LbL-coated PLA films. The present work demonstrates the first ever LbL films based on high aspect ratio, water-dispersible nanofibrillated cellulose, and water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose polymers that can be used as multifunctional films and coatings with tailorable properties, such as gas barriers and transparency. Owing to its flexibility, transparency and high-performance gas barrier properties, these thin film assemblies are promising candidates for several large-scale applications, including flexible electronics and renewable packaging.

  • 29.
    Aulin, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lindström, Tom
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Biopolymer Coatings for Paper and Paperboard2011Inngår i: Biopolymers: New Materials for Sustainable Films and Coatings / [ed] David Plackett, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2011, s. 255-276Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 30.
    Aulin, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Salazar-Alvarez, German
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lindström, Tom
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    High strength, flexible and transparent nanofibrillated cellulose-nanoclay biohybrid films with tunable oxygen and water vapor permeability2012Inngår i: Nanoscale, ISSN 2040-3364, Vol. 4, nr 20, s. 6622-6628Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel, technically and economically benign procedure to combine vermiculite nanoplatelets with nanocellulose fibre dispersions into functional biohybrid films is presented. Nanocellulose fibres of 20 nm diameters and several micrometers in length are mixed with high aspect ratio exfoliated vermiculite nanoplatelets through high-pressure homogenization. The resulting hybrid films obtained after solvent evaporation are stiff (tensile modulus of 17.3 GPa), strong (strength up to 257 MPa), and transparent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the hybrid films consist of stratified nacre-like layers with a homogenous distribution of nanoplatelets within the nanocellulose matrix. The oxygen barrier properties of the biohybrid films outperform commercial packaging materials and pure nanocellulose films showing an oxygen permeability of 0.07 cm(3) mu m m(-2) d(-1) kPa(-1) at 50% relative humidity. The oxygen permeability of the hybrid films can be tuned by adjusting the composition of the films. Furthermore, the water vapor barrier properties of the biohybrid films were also significantly improved by the addition of nanoclay. The unique combination of excellent oxygen barrier behavior and optical transparency suggests the potential of these biohybrid materials as an alternative in flexible packaging of oxygen sensitive devices such as thin-film transistors or organic light-emitting diode displays, gas storage applications and as barrier coatings/laminations in large volume packaging applications.

  • 31.
    Aulin, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Ström, Göran
    Multilayered Alkyd Resin/Nanocellulose Coatings for Use in Renewable Packaging Solutions with a High Level of Moisture Resistance2013Inngår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, ISSN 0888-5885, E-ISSN 1520-5045, Vol. 52, nr 7, s. 2582-2589Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A surprisingly simple and rapid methodology for large-area, lightweight, and thin laminate coatings with remarkable moisture barrier properties is introduced. Commercially available paperboards are coated with thin layers of nanocellulose. The nanocellulose coating induces a surface smoothening effect on the coated sheets as characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry. A moisture-protective layer of renewable alkyd resins is deposited on the nanocellulose precoated sheets using a water-borne dispersion coating process or lithographic printing. Through an auto-oxidation process, the applied alkyd resins are transformed into moisture sealant layers. The moisture barrier properties are characterized in detail by water vapor permeability measurements at different levels of relative humidity. The water vapor barrier properties of the nanocellulose precoated substrates were significantly improved by thin layers of renewable alkyd resins. The effect of the alkyd resin properties, coating technologies, and base paper substrates on the final barrier performance of the sheets were studied. It was found that the nanocellulose coating had a notable effect on the homogeneity and barrier performance of the alkyd resin layers and in particular those alkyd resin layers that were applied by printing. The concept is environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and economic and is ready for scaling-up via continuous roll-to-roll processes. Large-scale renewable coatings applicable for sustainable packaging solutions are foreseen.

  • 32.
    Azhar, Shoaib
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Extraction of Polymeric Hemicelluloses from Spruce Wood2015Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Hemicelluloses are one of the three main components of spruce wood and constitute about 20% of the wood material. During mechanical pulping, 5–10% of the hemicelluloses are accumulated in waste waters, whereas during chemical pulping 70–80% of the hemicelluloses are lost in process liquors. The concept of integrated forest biorefinery involves the development of methods to extract these hemicelluloses prior to pulping in order to produce value-­added products besides pulp. This thesis describes some of the feasible possibilities of extracting hemicelluloses from wood at a high molecular weight prior to pulping in addition to presenting a deeper understanding of their degradation under mild treatment conditions.

    A major obstacle for the efficient extraction of hemicelluloses is the recalcitrance due to the network of lignin and polysaccharides. This network can be loosely opened by the use of enzymes and this improves the extraction of hemicelluloses. A chemical impregnation of the wood chips was performed to enhance the accessibility of the cell wall to enzymes. The ability of different additives to stabilize the hemicelluloses against peeling during the alkaline impregnation stage was also investigated in order to obtain a better yield in subsequent extraction.

    Increasing the surface area and decreasing the mass transport length could also improve the yield of hemicelluloses extracted from wood. This was achieved with a mild mechanical pre-­treatment of wood chips using an impressafiner and a fiberizer. Polymers mainly consisting of galactoglucomannan with an average molecular weight of 30 kDa were extracted from fiberized wood with water.

    Different pre-­treatment and extraction methods were combined to demonstrate the concept of material biorefinery based on wood.

    The kinetics of degradation of spruce galactoglucomannan were studied under alkaline conditions. It was degraded in two phases at two different rates. A kinetic model was developed to fit the experimental data and to estimate the activation energies. 

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Extraction of Polymeric Hemicelluloses from Spruce Wood
  • 33.
    Azhar, Shoaib
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Theliander, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Träkemi och massateknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Extraction of hemicelluloses from fiberized spruce wood2015Inngår i: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 117, s. 19-24Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel mechanical pre-treatment method was used to separate the wood chips into fiber bundles in order to extract high molecular weight wood polymers. The mechanical pre-treatment involved chip compression in a conical plug-screw followed by defibration in a fiberizer. The fiberized wood was treated with hot water at various combinations of time and temperature in order to analyze the extraction yield of hemicelluloses at different conditions. Nearly 6 mg/g wood of galactoglucomannan was obtained at 90◦C/120min which was about three times more than what could be extracted from wood chips. The extracted carbohydrates had molecular weight ranging up to 60 kDa. About 10% of each of the extracted material had a molecular weight above 30 kDa. The extraction liquor could also be reused for consecutive extractions with successive increase in the extraction yield of hemicelluloses. 

  • 34.
    Azhar, Shoaib
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wang, Yan
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lawoko, Martin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Extraction of polymers from enzyme-treated softwood2011Inngår i: BioResources, ISSN 1930-2126, E-ISSN 1930-2126, Vol. 6, nr 4, s. 4606-4614Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    In a biorefinery context it is an advantage to fractionate and extract different wood components in a relatively pure form. However, one major obstacle for efficient extraction of wood polymers (lignin, polysaccharides etc.) is the covalent lignin-polysaccharide networks present in lignified cell walls. Enzymatic catalysis might be a useful tool for a controlled degradation of these networks, thereby enhancing the extraction of high molecular weight polymers. In this work, a methanol-alkali mixture was used to extract two different wood samples treated with endoxylanase and gammanase, respectively. Wood chips were pretreated with alkali prior to enzymatic treatment to enhance the cell-wall accessibility to enzymes. Extractions were also carried out on non-enzyme-treated samples to evaluate the enzymatic effects. Results showed that the enzymatic treatment increased the extraction yield, with gammanase as the more efficient of the two enzymes. Furthermore, polymers extracted from xylanase-treated wood had a higher degree of polymerization than the reference.

  • 35.
    Azhar, Shoaib
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wang, Yan
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lawoko, Martin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Lindström, Mikael E.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Enhanced extraction of high-molecular-weight wood polymers with chemoenzymatic treatment2012Inngår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 243Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 36.
    Azhar, Shoaib
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wang, Yan
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lawoko, Martin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Lindström, Mikale E
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Chemoenzymatic separation of softwood polymers2011Inngår i: Proceedings of  the 16th international symposium of wood, fiber and pulp chemistry / [ed] Lijun Wan et al., 2011, s. 932-936Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Spruce wood chips were chemically pre-treated with sodium hydroxide to open up the compact structure of wood. The wood was then treated with enzymes (xylanase, gamanase and mannanase) and subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol and alkali to efficiently isolate lignin and hemicelluloses. Chemical pre-treatment improved enzyme efficiency which consequently enhanced the extraction of lignocelluloses with higher average molar mass than the references.

  • 37. Bamba, Yu
    et al.
    Ogawa, Yu
    Saito, Tsuguyuki
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Isogai, Akira
    Estimating the Strength of Single Chitin Nanofibrils via Sonication-Induced Fragmentation2017Inngår i: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 18, nr 12, s. 4405-4410Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the mechanical strength of native chitin nanofibrils. Highly crystalline alpha-chitiri nanofibrils Were purified from filaments produced by a microalgae Phaeocystis globosa, and two types of beta-chitin nariofibrils were purified from pens of a squid Loligo bleekeri and tubes of a tubeworm Lamellibrachia satsuma, with relatively low and high crystallinity, respectively. These chitin nanofibrils were fully dispersed in water. The strength of individualized nanofibrils was estimated using cavitation induced tensile fracture of nanoscale filaments in a liquid medium. Both types of beta-chitin nanofibrils exhibited similar strength values of approximately 3 GP; in contrast, the alpha-chitin nanofibrils exhibited a much lower strength value of 1.6 GPa. These strength estimates suggest that the tensile strength of chitin nanofibrils is governed by the molecular packing modes of chitin rather than their crystallinity.

  • 38.
    Banerjee, Indradumna
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Proteomik och nanobioteknologi.
    Salih, Tagrid
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Proteomik och nanobioteknologi.
    Ramachandraiah, Harisha
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Proteomik och nanobioteknologi. KTH, Centra, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Erlandsson, Johan
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi.
    Pettersson, Torbjörn
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Araújo, A. C.
    Karlsson, M.
    Russom, Aman
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Proteomik och nanobioteknologi. KTH, Centra, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Slipdisc: A versatile sample preparation platform for point of care diagnostics2017Inngår i: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 7, nr 56, s. 35048-35054Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We report a microfluidic sample preparation platform called "Slipdisc" based on slipchip technology. Slipdisc is a rotational slipchip that uses a unique hand-wound clockwork mechanism for precise movement of specially fabricated polycarbonate discs. In operation, the microchannels and microchambers carved on the closely aligned microfluidic discs convert from continuous filled paths to defined compartments using the slip movement. The clockwork mechanism introduced here is characterised by a food dye experiment and a conventional HRP TMB reaction before measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels, which is a crucial biomarker for neonatal diagnostics. The colorimetry based detection of LDH was performed with an unmodified camera and an image analysis procedure based on normalising images and observing changes in red channel intensity. The analysis showed a close to unity coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.96) in detecting the LDH concentration when compared with a standard Chemical Analyser, demonstrating the excellent performance of the slipdisc platform with colorimetric detection. The versatile point of care sample preparation platform should ideally be suited for a multitude of applications at resource-limited settings.

  • 39. Bannow, J.
    et al.
    Benjamins, J. -W
    Wohlert, Jakob
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Löbmann, K.
    Svagan, Anna J.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Solid nanofoams based on cellulose nanofibers and indomethacin—the effect of processing parameters and drug content on material structure2017Inngår i: International Journal of Pharmaceutics, ISSN 0378-5173, E-ISSN 1873-3476, Vol. 526, nr 1-2, s. 291-299Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The unique colloidal properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNF), makes CNF a very interesting new excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, as CNF in combination with some poorly-soluble drugs can create nanofoams with closed cells. Previous nanofoams, created with the model drug indomethacin, demonstrated a prolonged release compared to films, owing to the tortuous diffusion path that the drug needs to take around the intact air-bubbles. However, the nanofoam was only obtained at a relatively low drug content of 21 wt% using fixed processing parameters. Herein, the effect of indomethacin content and processing parameters on the foaming properties was analysed. Results demonstrate that a certain amount of dissolved drug is needed to stabilize air-bubbles. At the same time, larger fractions of dissolved drug promote coarsening/collapse of the wet foam. The pendant drop/bubble profile tensiometry was used to verify the wet-foam stability at different pHs. The pH influenced the amount of solubilized drug and the processing-window was very narrow at high drug loadings. The results were compared to real foaming-experiments and solid state analysis of the final cellular solids. The parameters were assembled into a processing chart, highlighting the importance of the right combination of processing parameters (pH and time-point of pH adjustment) in order to successfully prepare cellular solid materials with up to 46 wt% drug loading.

  • 40. Battegazzore, Daniele
    et al.
    Alongi, Jenny
    Frache, Alberto
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Carosio, Federico
    Layer by Layer-functionalized rice husk particles: A novel and sustainable solution for particleboard production2017Inngår i: Materials Today Communications, ISSN 2352-4928, Vol. 13, s. 92-101Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Rice husk particles from agro-wastes have been treated with a Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes and further assembled to prepare a bio-based particle board. The all polymer system employed uses a branched polyethyleneimine combined with a polyacrylic acid. The two polyelectrolytes show a super-linear growth as demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy. A schematic description of the mechanism behind the LbL deposition on rice husk particles is proposed and discussed on the basis of electron microscopy observations. The mechanical properties of the prepared LbL-joined particle boards are evaluated and related to the unique structure and intermolecular ionic interaction occurring between the assembled polyelectrolytes. Only 2 BLs allow for the preparation of a free-standing/self-supporting material. Boards assembled with 3 and 4 BL-coated particles yielded impressive storage moduli of 1.7 and 2.2 GPa, respectively, as measured by dynamic mechanical analyses performed at different temperatures and relative humidities. When tested by three points bending mechanical tests the same materials showed an elastic moduli up to 3.2 GPa and a tensile strengths up to 12 MPa. The presented results demonstrate that the LbL functionalization of agro-waste particles represents an attractive, functional and sustainable solution for the production of mechanically strong particleboards.

  • 41. Beckham, Gregg T.
    et al.
    Bomble, Yannick J.
    Matthews, James F.
    Taylor, Courtney B.
    Resch, Michael G.
    Yarbrough, John M.
    Decker, Steve R.
    Bu, Lintao
    Zhao, Xiongce
    McCabe, Clare
    Wohlert, Jakob
    Bergenstråhle, Malin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Brady, John W.
    Adney, William S.
    Himmel, Michael E.
    Crowley, Michael F.
    The O-Glycosylated Linker from the Trichoderma reesei Family 7 Cellulase Is a Flexible, Disordered Protein2010Inngår i: Biophysical Journal, ISSN 0006-3495, E-ISSN 1542-0086, Vol. 99, nr 11, s. 3773-3781Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Fungi and bacteria secrete glycoprotein cocktails to deconstruct cellulose Cellulose degrading enzymes (cellulases) are often modular with catalytic domains for cellulose hydrolysis and carbohydrate binding modules connected by linkers rich in serine and threonine with O-glycosylation Few studies have probed the role that the linker and O-glycans play in catalysis Since different expression and growth conditions produce different glycosylation patterns that affect enzyme activity the structure function relationships that glycosylation imparts to linkers are relevant for understanding cellulase mechanisms Here the linker of the Trichoderma reesei Family 7 cellobiohydrolase (Cel7A) is examined by simulation Our results suggest that the Cel7A linker is an intrinsically disordered protein with and without glycosylation Contrary to the predominant view the O-glycosylation does not change the stiffness of the linker as measured by the relative fluctuations in the end to end distance rather it provides a 16 A extension thus expanding the operating range of Cel7A We explain observations from previous biochemical experiments in the light of results obtained here and compare the Cel7A linker with linkers from other cellulases with sequence based tools to predict disorder This preliminary screen indicates that linkers from Family 7 enzymes from other genera and other cellulases within T reesei may not be as disordered warranting further study

  • 42.
    Benselfelt, Tobias
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Cranston, Emily D.
    Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University.
    Ondaral, Sedat
    Department of Pulp and Paper Technology, Karadeniz Technical University.
    Johansson, Erik
    Cellutech AB.
    Brumer, Harry
    The Michael Smith Laboratories and the Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemi, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Adsorption of Xyloglucan onto Cellulose Surfaces of Different Morphologies: An Entropy-Driven Process2016Inngår i: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 17, nr 9, s. 2801-2811Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The temperature-dependence of xyloglucan (XG) adsorption onto smooth cellulose model films regenerated from N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) was investigated using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and it was found that the adsorbed amount increased with increasing temperature. This implies that the adsorption of XG to NMMO-regenerated cellulose is endothermic and supports the hypothesis that the adsorption of XG onto cellulose is an entropy-driven process. We suggest that XG adsorption is mainly driven by the release of water molecules from the highly hydrated cellulose surfaces and from the XG molecules, rather than through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces as previously suggested. To test this hypothesis, the adsorption of XG onto cellulose was studied using cellulose films with different morphologies prepared from cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), semicrystalline NMMO-regenerated cellulose, and amorphous cellulose regenerated from lithium chloride/dimethylacetamide. The total amount of high molecular weight xyloglucan (XGHMW) adsorbed was studied by quartz crystal microbalance and reflectometry measurements, and it was found that the adsorption was greatest on the amorphous cellulose followed by the CNC and NMMO-regenerated cellulose films. There was a significant correlation between the cellulose dry film thickness and the adsorbed XG amount, indicating that XG penetrated into the films. There was also a correlation between the swelling of the films and the adsorbed amounts and conformation of XG, which further strengthened the conclusion that the water content and the subsequent release of the water upon adsorption are important components of the adsorption process.

  • 43.
    Benselfelt, Tobias
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Henschen, Jonatan
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Pettersson, Torbjörn
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Polyelectrolyte multilayers on differently charged cellulose surfaces2016Inngår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 251Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 44.
    Benselfelt, Tobias
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Pettersson, Torbjörn
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Fiberteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Influence of Surface Charge Density and Morphology on the Formation of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on Smooth Charged Cellulose Surfaces2017Inngår i: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 33, nr 4, s. 968-979Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    To clarify the importance of the surface charge for the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers, layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC) and polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) have been investigated on cellulose films with different carboxylic acid contents (20, 350, 870, and 1200 μmol/g) regenerated from oxidized cellulose. The wet cellulose films were thoroughly characterized prior to multilayer deposition using quantitative nanomechanical mapping (QNM), which showed that the mechanical properties were greatly affected by the degree of oxidation of the cellulose. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) force measurements were used to determine the surface potential of the cellulose films by fitting the force data to the DLVO theory. With the exception of the 1200 μmol/g film, the force measurements showed a second-order polynomial increase in surface potential with increasing degree of oxidation. The low surface potential for the 1200 μmol/g film was attributed to the low degree of regeneration of the cellulose film in aqueous media due to increasing solubility with increasing charge. The multilayer formation was characterized using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and stagnation-point adsorption reflectometry (SPAR). Extensive deswelling was observed for the charged films when pDADMAC was adsorbed due to the reduced osmotic pressure when ions inside the film were released, and the 1:1 charge compensation showed that all the charges in the films were reached by the pDADMAC. The multilayer formation was not significantly affected by the charge density above 350 μmol/g due to interlayer repulsions, but it was strongly affected by the salt concentration during the layer build-up.

  • 45.
    Bergenstrahle-Wohlert, Malin
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wohlert, Jakob
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Vibrational spectrum of the cellulose-water interface investigated by atomistic simulations2014Inngår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 247, s. 190-CELL-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 46.
    Bergenstråhle, Malin
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States .
    Matthews, J.
    Crowley, M.
    Brady, J.
    Cellulose crystal structure and force fields2010Inngår i: International Conference on Nanotechnology for the Forest Products Industry 2010, 2010, s. 674-689Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Classical molecular mechanics force fields for carbohydrates are widely used for molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline cellulose, in particular, cellulose Iβ. To investigate the impact of choice of force field on crystalline cellulose structure and properties we have performed a comparative study of four different carbohydrate force fields. Molecular dynamics simulations applying the different force fields were performed on a solvated cellulose Iβ crystal. The crystal consisted of 36 cellulose chains, each of them 40 glucose units long, arranged in a crystal manner with a square cross section. These simulations show that the differences in force fields are of great importance for the resulting relaxed cellulose structure. The orientation of the hydroxymethyl groups is a key parameter and an indicator of different hydrogen bonding patterns that may be found in crystalline cellulose.

  • 47.
    Bergenstråhle-Wohlert, Malin
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars A.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Biokompositer. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Brady, John W.
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Westlund, Per-Olof
    Wohlert, Jakob
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Concentration enrichment of urea at cellulose surfaces: results from molecular dynamics simulations and NMR spectroscopy2012Inngår i: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 19, nr 1, s. 1-12Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    A combined solid-state NMR and Molecular Dynamics simulation study of cellulose in urea aqueous solution and in pure water was conducted. It was found that the local concentration of urea is significantly enhanced at the cellulose/solution interface. There, urea molecules interact directly with the cellulose through both hydrogen bonds and favorable dispersion interactions, which seem to be the driving force behind the aggregation. The CP/MAS (13)C spectra was affected by the presence of urea at high concentrations, most notably the signal at 83.4 ppm, which has previously been assigned to C4 atoms in cellulose chains located at surfaces parallel to the (110) crystallographic plane of the cellulose I beta crystal. Also dynamic properties of the cellulose surfaces, probed by spin-lattice relaxation time (13)CT (1) measurements of C4 atoms, are affected by the addition of urea. Molecular Dynamics simulations reproduce the trends of the T (1) measurements and lends new support to the assignment of signals from individual surfaces. That urea in solution is interacting directly with cellulose may have implications on our understanding of the mechanisms behind cellulose dissolution in alkali/urea aqueous solutions.

  • 48.
    Berglund, Jennie
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Angles d’Ortoli, Thibault
    Vilaplana, Francisco
    KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Widmalm, Göran
    Bergenstråhle-Wohlert, Malin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lawoko, Martin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Wohlert, Jakob
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    A molecular dynamics study of the effect of glycosidic linkage type in the hemicellulose backbone on the molecular chain flexibility2016Inngår i: The Plant Journal, ISSN 0960-7412, E-ISSN 1365-313XArtikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The macromolecular conformation of the constituent polysaccharides in lignocellulosic biomass influences their supramolecular interactions, and therefore their function in plants and their performance in technical products. The flexibility of glycosidic linkages from the backbone of hemicelluloses was studied by evaluating the conformational freedom of the φ and ψ dihedral angles using molecular dynamic simulations, additionally selected molecules were correlated with experimental data by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three types of β-(1→4) glycosidic linkages involving the monosaccharides (Glcp, Xylp and Manp) present in the backbone of hemicelluloses were defined. Different di- and tetrasaccharides with combinations of such sugar monomers from hemicelluloses were simulated, and free energy maps of the φ – ψ space and hydrogen-bonding patterns were obtained. The glycosidic linkage between Glc-Glc or Glc-Man (C-type) was the stiffest with mainly one probable conformation; the linkage from Man-Man or Man-Glc (M-type) was similar but with an increased probability for an alternative conformation making it more flexible, and the linkage between two Xyl-units (X-type) was the most flexible with two almost equally populated conformations. Glycosidic linkages of the same type showed essentially the same conformational space in both disaccharides and in the central region of tetrasaccharides. Different probabilities of glycosidic linkage conformations in the backbone of hemicelluloses can be directly estimated from the free energy maps, which to a large degree affect the overall macromolecular conformations of these polymers. The information gained contributes to an increased understanding of the function of hemicelluloses both in the cell wall and in technical products.

  • 49.
    Berglund, Jennie
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Berqenstråhle, Malin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Vilaplana, Francisco
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Centra, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Glykovetenskap.
    d'Ortoli, Thibault Angles
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Organ Chem, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Widmalm, Goran
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Organ Chem, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Lawoko, Martin
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Wohlert, Jakob
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    How the flexibility properties of hemicelluloses are affected by the glycosidic bonds between different backbone sugars - A molecular dynamics study2016Inngår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 251Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 50.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Centra, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Toughness and Strength of Wood Cellulose-based Nanopaper and Nanocomposites2014Inngår i: HANDBOOK OF GREEN MATERIALS, VOL 2: BIONANOCOMPOSITES: PROCESSING, CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES, World Scientific, 2014, s. 121-129Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose nanopaper in the form of nanofiber networks show superior mechanical performance and new functional characteristics compared with the brittle paper and fiberboard materials and thermoplastic biocomposites, which are commercially available. The chapter analyzes the potential to combine toughness and strength in polymer matrix nanocomposites based on cellulose nanofiber networks.

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