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  • 1.
    A Elhassan, Amro
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Building automation and control2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 2.
    A, Fredrik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Forsberg, A
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Forsén, Tobias
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Tracking Using Wireless Camera Networks2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 3.
    Aagaard Fransson, Erik Johannes
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electromagnetic Engineering.
    Wall-Horgen, Tobias
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electromagnetic Engineering.
    Building and Evaluating a 3D Scanning System for Measurementsand Estimation of Antennas and Propagation Channels2012Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Wireless communications rely, among other things, on theunderstanding of the properties of the radio propagationchannel, the antennas and their interplay. Adequate measurementsare required to verify theoretical models and togain knowledge of the channel behavior and antenna performance.As a result of this master thesis we built a 3D fieldscanner measurement system to predict multipath propagationand to measure antenna characteristics. The 3Dscanner allows measuring a signal at the point of interestalong a line, on a surface or within a volume in space. In orderto evaluate the system, we have performed narrowbandchannel sounding measurements of the spatial distributionof waves impinging at an imaginary spherical sector. Datawas used to estimate the Angle-of-Arrivals (AoA) and amplitudeof the waves. An estimation method is presented tosolve the resulting inverse problem by means of regularizationwith truncated singular value decomposition. The regularizedsolution was then further improved with the helpof a successive interference cancellation algorithm. Beforeapplying the method to measurement data, it was testedon synthetic data to evaluate its performance as a functionof the noise level and the number of impinging waves. Inorder to minimize estimation errors it was also required tofind the phase center of the horn antenna used in the channelmeasurements. The task was accomplished by directmeasurements and by the regularization method, both resultsbeing in good agreement.

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  • 4.
    Abad Camarero, Daniel
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Communication Networks.
    Performance analysis of IPv4 / IPv6 protocols over the third generation mobile network2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Currently, the IPv4 protocol is heavily used by institutions, companies and individuals, but every day there is a higher number of devices connected to the network such as home appliances, mobile phones or tablets. Each machine or device needs to have its own IP address to communicate with other machines connected to Internet. This implies the need for multiple IP addresses for a single user and the current protocol begins to show some deficiencies due to IPv4 address space exhaustion. Therefore, for several years experts have been working on an IP protocol update: the IPv6 128-bit version can address up to about 340 quadrillion system devices concurrently. With IPv6, today, every person on the planet could have millions of devices simultaneously connected to the Internet.

    The choice of the IP protocol version affects the performance of the UMTS mobile network and the browsers as well. The aim of the project is to measure how the IPv6 protocol performs compared to the previous IPv4 protocol. It is expected that the IPv6 protocol generates a smaller amount of signalling and less time is required to fully load a web page. We have analysed some KPIs (IP data, signalling, web load time and battery) in lab environment using Smartphones, to observe the behaviour of both, the network and the device.  The main conclusion of the thesis is that IPv6 really behaves as expected and generates savings in signalling, although the IP data generated is larger due to the size of the headers. However, there is still much work as only the most important webpages and the applications with a high level of market penetration operate well over the IPv6 protocol.

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    Performance Analysis of IPv4-IPv6 protocols over the Third Generation Mobile Network-Daniel Abad
  • 5. Abasahl, B.
    et al.
    Zand, I.
    Lerma Arce, C.
    Kumar, S.
    Quack, N.
    Jezzini, M. A.
    Hwang, H. Y.
    Gylfason, Kristinn B.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Micro and Nanosystems.
    Porcel, M. A. G.
    Bogaerts, W.
    Towards Low-Power Reconfigurable Photonic ICs Based on MEMS Technology2018Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    With the progress and industrialization of photonic integrated circuits (PIC) in the past few decades, there is a strong urge towards design and prototyping in a fast, low-cost and reliable manner. In electronics, this demand is met through field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). In the Horizon 2020 MORPHIC (MEMS-based zerO-power Reconfigurable Photonic ICs) project, we are developing a reconfigurable PIC platform to address this demand in the field of photonics and to facilitate the path from idea towards realization for PIC designers and manufacturers.

  • 6.
    ABBASI, MUHAMMAD MOHSIN
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Signal Processing.
    Solving Sudoku by Sparse Signal Processing2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sudoku is a discrete constraints satisfaction problem which is modeled as an underdetermined linear

    system. This report focuses on applying some new signal processing approaches to solve sudoku and

    comparisons to some of the existing approaches are implemented. As our goal is not meant for

    sudoku only in the long term, we applied approximate solvers using optimization theory methods. A

    Semi Definite Relaxation (SDR) convex optimization approach was developed for solving sudoku. The

    idea of Iterative Adaptive Algorithm for Amplitude and Phase Estimation (IAA-APES) from array

    processing is also being used for sudoku to utilize the sparsity of the sudoku solution as is the case in

    sensing applications. LIKES and SPICE were also tested on sudoku and their results are compared with

    l1-norm minimization, weighted l1-norm, and sinkhorn balancing. SPICE and l1-norm are equivalent

    in terms of accuracy, while SPICE is slower than l1-norm. LIKES and weighted l1-norm are equivalent

    and better than SPICE and l1-norm in accuracy. SDR proved to be best when the sudoku solutions are

    unique; however the computational complexity is worst for SDR. The accuracy for IAA-APES is

    somewhere between SPICE and LIKES and its computation speed is faster than both.

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  • 7.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Learning Stochastic Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Using Non-stationary Linear Predictors2017Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The estimation problem of stochastic nonlinear parametric models is recognized to be very challenging due to the intractability of the likelihood function. Recently, several methods have been developed to approximate the maximum likelihood estimator and the optimal mean-square error predictor using Monte Carlo methods. Albeit asymptotically optimal, these methods come with several computational challenges and fundamental limitations.

    The contributions of this thesis can be divided into two main parts. In the first part, approximate solutions to the maximum likelihood problem are explored. Both analytical and numerical approaches, based on the expectation-maximization algorithm and the quasi-Newton algorithm, are considered. While analytic approximations are difficult to analyze, asymptotic guarantees can be established for methods based on Monte Carlo approximations. Yet, Monte Carlo methods come with their own computational difficulties; sampling in high-dimensional spaces requires an efficient proposal distribution to reduce the number of required samples to a reasonable value.

    In the second part, relatively simple prediction error method estimators are proposed. They are based on non-stationary one-step ahead predictors which are linear in the observed outputs, but are nonlinear in the (assumed known) input. These predictors rely only on the first two moments of the model and the computation of the likelihood function is not required. Consequently, the resulting estimators are defined via analytically tractable objective functions in several relevant cases. It is shown that, under mild assumptions, the estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. In cases where the first two moments are analytically intractable due to the complexity of the model, it is possible to resort to vanilla Monte Carlo approximations. Several numerical examples demonstrate a good performance of the suggested estimators in several cases that are usually considered challenging.

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  • 8.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Henrion, D.
    Rodrigues, L.
    Measures and LMIs for optimal control of piecewise-affine systems2013In: 2013 European Control Conference, ECC 2013, IEEE, 2013, p. 3173-3178, article id 6669627Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper considers the class of deterministic continuous-time optimal control problems (OCPs) with piecewise-affine (PWA) vector field, polynomial Lagrangian and semialgebraic input and state constraints. The OCP is first relaxed as an infinite-dimensional linear program (LP) over a space of occupation measures. This LP is then approached by an asymptotically converging hierarchy of linear matrix inequality (LMI) relaxations. The relaxed dual of the original LP returns a polynomial approximation of the value function that solves the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation of the OCP. Based on this polynomial approximation, a suboptimal policy is developed to construct a state feedback in a sample-and-hold manner. The results show that the suboptimal policy succeeds in providing a suboptimal state feedback law that drives the system relatively close to the optimal trajectories and respects the given constraints.

  • 9.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Hjalmarsson, Håkan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    A Simulated Maximum Likelihood Method for Estimation of Stochastic Wiener Systems2016In: 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2016, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2016, p. 3060-3065, article id 7798727Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper introduces a simulation-based method for maximum likelihood estimation of stochastic Wienersystems. It is well known that the likelihood function ofthe observed outputs for the general class of stochasticWiener systems is analytically intractable. However, when the distributions of the process disturbance and the measurement noise are available, the likelihood can be approximated byrunning a Monte-Carlo simulation on the model. We suggest the use of Laplace importance sampling techniques for the likelihood approximation. The algorithm is tested on a simple first order linear example which is excited only by the process disturbance. Further, we demonstrate the algorithm on an FIR system with cubic nonlinearity. The performance of the algorithm is compared to the maximum likelihood method and other recent techniques.

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  • 10.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Hjalmarsson, Håkan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Application of a Linear PEM Estimator to a Stochastic Wiener-Hammerstein Benchmark Problem2018In: 18th IFAC Symposium on System Identification, 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The estimation problem of stochastic Wiener-Hammerstein models is recognized to be challenging, mainly due to the analytical intractability of the likelihood function. In this contribution, we apply a computationally attractive prediction error method estimator to a real-data stochastic Wiener-Hammerstein benchmark problem. The estimator is defined using a deterministic predictor that is nonlinear in the input. The prediction error method results in tractable expressions, and Monte Carlo approximations are not necessary. This allows us to tackle several issues considered challenging from the perspective of the current mainstream approach. Under mild conditions, the estimator can be shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. The results of the method applied to the benchmark data are presentedand discussed.

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    0028.pdf
  • 11.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Hjalmarsson, Håkan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    On Re-Weighting, Regularization Selection, and Transient in Nuclear Norm Based Identification2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this contribution, we consider the classical problem of estimating an Output Error model given a set of input-output measurements. First, we develop a regularization method based on the re-weighted nuclear norm heuristic. We show that the re-weighting improves the estimate in terms of better fit. Second, we suggest an implementation method that helps in eliminating the regularization parameters from the problem by introducing a constant based on a validation criterion. Finally, we develop a method for considering the effect of the transient when the initial conditions are unknown. A simple numerical example is used to demonstrate the proposed method in comparison to classical and another recent method based on the nuclear norm heuristic.

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  • 12.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Hjalmarsson, Håkan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Simulated Pseudo Maximum Likelihood Identification of Nonlinear Models2017In: The 20th IFAC World Congress, Elsevier, 2017, Vol. 50, p. 14058-14063Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nonlinear stochastic parametric models are widely used in various fields. However, for these models, the problem of maximum likelihood identification is very challenging due to the intractability of the likelihood function. Recently, several methods have been developed to approximate the analytically intractable likelihood function and compute either the maximum likelihood or a Bayesian estimator. These methods, albeit asymptotically optimal, are computationally expensive. In this contribution, we present a simulation-based pseudo likelihood estimator for nonlinear stochastic models. It relies only on the first two moments of the model, which are easy to approximate using Monte-Carlo simulations on the model. The resulting estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. We show that the pseudo maximum likelihood estimator, based on a multivariate normal family, solves a prediction error minimization problem using a parameterized norm and an implicit linear predictor. In the light of this interpretation, we compare with the predictor defined by an ensemble Kalman filter. Although not identical, simulations indicate a close relationship. The performance of the simulated pseudo maximum likelihood method is illustrated in three examples. They include a challenging state-space model of dimension 100 with one output and 2 unknown parameters, as well as an application-motivated model with 5 states, 2 outputs and 5 unknown parameters.

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  • 13.
    Abdalmoaty, Mohamed
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Rojas, Cristian R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Hjalmarsson, Håkan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, ACCESS Linnaeus Centre.
    Identication of a Class of Nonlinear Dynamical Networks2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Identifcation of dynamic networks has attracted considerable interest recently. So far the main focus has been on linear time-invariant networks. Meanwhile, most real-life systems exhibit nonlinear behaviors; consider, for example, two stochastic linear time-invariant systems connected in series, each of which has a nonlinearity at its output. The estimation problem in this case is recognized to be challenging, due to the analytical intractability of both the likelihood function and the optimal one-step ahead predictors of the measured nodes. In this contribution, we introduce a relatively simple prediction error method that may be used for the estimation of nonlinear dynamical networks. The estimator is defined using a deterministic predictor that is nonlinear in the known signals. The estimation problem can be defined using closed-form analytical expressions in several non-trivial cases, and Monte Carlo approximations are not necessarily required. We show, that this is the case for some block-oriented networks with no feedback loops and where all the nonlinear modules are polynomials. Consequently, the proposed method can be applied in situations considered challenging by current approaches. The performance of the estimation method is illustrated on a numerical simulation example.

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    0131.pdf
  • 14.
    Abdel Hussein, Mustafa
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Modeling and Control of Unmanned Air Vehicles2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
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  • 15.
    Abdi Kelishami, Alireza
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Communication Networks.
    Secure Privacy-Friendly Instant Messaging (IM) for Guidepal2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    It is fascinating, and yet often neglected, that a user’s privacy can be invaded notonly by the absence of security measures and mechanisms, but also by improperor inadequate usage of security services and mechanisms. When designingsecure systems, we must consider what services are needed and what is not.The work in this thesis revolves around privacy-friendly instant messaging (IM)systems. In such a system, an inadequate usage of security measures leads tohaving IM servers being able to intercept or gather users’ private conversations.An improper usage of security measures could bring about non-repudiationwhich is desirable when signing contracts, but unwelcome in IM and privateconversations.We will look into requirements of the desired IM system, study the currentstate-of-the-art solutions, deploy an IM server, and briefly extend an existingmodern privacy-friendly IM protocol and an open source mobile application tomeet our security and privacy requirements. This extended IM application iscalled Guidepal-IM and is available as open source1The thesis work is introduced and carried out at Guidepal, a startup companyin Stockholm. It is therefore supervised partly at Guidepal and partly at KTH.Since Guidepal is also looking into possibilities of integrating an IM featureto its current social media apps, our contribution would also briefly extend tostudying the limitations and recommendations for Guidepal’s social media appto help user privacy preservation.

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  • 16.
    Abdul- Rasool, Mustafa
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    THE IMPACT OF ECOROLL ON FUEL CONSUMPTION - USING LOOK AHEAD2011Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    EcoRoll reduces fuel consumption with small development costs, since no additional hardware is required. It is a function that enables a more efficient conversion of potential to kinetic energy, when travelling downhill. This is achieved by opening the powertrain, and let the engine run on idle to reduce engine losses. In this Master’s thesis, two control strategies were developed, where one is based on prevailing conditions and one utilizes Look-Ahead data. Compared to a vehicle with a conventional cruise control, the first strategy gave a fuel reduction of approximately 3.4% and the other 3.7%. This was simulated on the highway between Södertälje and Norrköping in Sweden.

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  • 17.
    Abebe, Zelalem Teffera
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Process Control over Wireless Sensor Networks2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A signicant growth was witnessed in the led of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the previous decade. Advances in hardware miniaturization coupled with increased processing capabilities and memory capacity have extended the application domains of WSNs. In light of this, standardization organizations led by academia and industries initiated activities for the design of protocols such as IEEE 802.15.4 and IETF RPL (Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks). IEEE 802.15.4 denes physical and media access layers for WSNs while IETF RPL denes the functionality of the routing layer.

    This thesis investigates research issues in wireless sensor networks and network controlled systems that control micro-biological processes for water treatment plants. By choosing a process model that can relate to an industrial process, feasibility of control over IEEE 802.15.4 and RPL protocols is evaluated for stability with regards to network delay and packet loss. Settling time and overshoot are measured to indicate control performance. Control messages related to routing and routing table lengths are measured to indicate network stability and scalability. The system model used is a centralized discrete controller controlling a thermal processes running on the sensors. This model is chosen for representing wide industrial networked control systems while adding a WSN dimension based on IEEE 802.15.4 and RPL. The main contribution of this thesis is an experimental study where both the network and controller performance is validated while utilizing commercial o-theshelf sensor platforms. The results from this experimental work include rst the use of established theorems for analyzing control using WSNs. Moreover, the ability of IEEE 802.15.4 and RPL to provide stable communication that is reliable enough for actual industrial control implementation is validated.

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    XR-EE-RT_2013-025_Zelalem Teffera
  • 18.
    Abid, Fahim
    et al.
    KTH.
    Ghorbani, Hossein
    Pourrahimi, Amir Masoud
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Edin, Hans Ezz
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electromagnetic Engineering.
    Differences in morphology and polarization properties of heat-treated XLPE and LDPE insulation2016In: 2016 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA (IEEE CEIDP), IEEE conference proceedings, 2016, p. 113-116Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is the most commonly used insulating material for extruded high voltage cable applications. Degassing is a heat-treatment process that is performed to remove methane from XLPE insulation which is formed during the crosslinking reactions as a by-product. Apart from removing methane, heat-treatment influences the electrical properties through changing the morphology due to annealing and also removal of polar crosslinking by-products. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is generally used to observe the changes in crystalline structure of the polymer. Frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) is widely used to study polarization properties of dielectric materials. In this study these two methods are used for a comparative analysis of XLPE and LDPE subjected to different heat-treatment time, with or without a diffusion barrier. Electrical measurements are performed at room temperature. From the SEM imaging conducted after permanganate acid etching, formation of spherulites due to heat-treatment is not obvious in neither LDPE nor in XLPE. However, distinctions between LDPE and XLPE in SEM micrographs are evident. From studies with dielectric polarization spectroscopy, it is found that the LDPE samples are less sensitive to heat-treatment in comparison to the XLPE samples while dissipation factor of XLPE samples are influenced by the choice of pressing film used during sample preparation.

  • 19.
    Abrahamson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Fast calculation of the dimensioning factors of the railway power supply system2007In: Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XIII, WIT Press, 2007, Vol. 46, p. 85-95Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Because of environmental and economical reasons, in Sweden and the rest of Europe, both personal and goods transports on railway are increasing. Therefore great railway infrastructure investments are expected to come. An important part of this infrastructure is the railway power supply system. Exactly how much, when and where the traffic will increase is not known for sure. This means investment planning for an uncertain future. The more uncertain parameters, such as traffic density and weight of trains, and the further future considered, the greater the inevitable amount of cases that have to be considered. When doing simulations concerning a tremendous amount of cases, each part of the simulation model has to be computationally fast - in real life this means approximations. The two most important issues to estimate given a certain power system configuration, when planning for an electric traction system, are the energy consumption of the and and the train delays that a too weak system would cause. In this paper, some modeling suggestions of the energy consumption and the maximal train velocities are presented. Two linear, and one nonlinear model are presented and compared. The comparisons regard both computer speed and representability. The independent variables of these models are a selection of parameters describing the power system, i.e.: power system technology used on each section, and traffic intensity.

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  • 20.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Optimal Railroad Power Supply System Operation and Design: Detailed system studies, and aggregated investment models2012Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Railway power supply systems (RPSSs) differ mainly from public power systems from that the loads are moving. These moving loads are motoring trains. Trains can also be regenerating when braking and are then power sources. These loads consume comparatively much power, causing substantial voltage drops, not rarely so big that the loads are reduced. By practical reasons most RPSSs are single-phase AC or DC. Three-phase public grid power is either converted into single-phase for feeding the railway or the RPSS is compartmentalized into separate sections fed individually from alternating phase-pairs of the public grid. The latter is done in order not to overload any public grid phase unnecessarily much.

    This thesis summarizes various ways of optimally operating or designing the railway power supply system. The thesis focuses on converter-fed railways for the reasons that they are more controllable, and also has a higher potential for the future. This is also motivated in a literature-reviewing based paper arguing for the converter usage potential. Moreover, converters of some kind have to be used when the RPSS uses DC or different AC frequency than the public grid.

    The optimal operation part of this thesis is mainly about the optimal power flow controls and unit commitments of railway converter stations in HVDC-fed RPSSs. The models are easily generalized to different feeding, and they cope with regenerative braking. This part considers MINLP (mixed integer nonlinear programming) problems, and the main part of the problem is non-convex nonlinear. The concept is presented in one paper. The subject of how to model the problem formulations have been treated fully in one paper.

    The thesis also includes a conference article and a manuscript for an idea including the entire electric train driving strategy in an optimization problem considering power system and mechanical couplings over time. The latter concept is a generalized TPSS (Train Power Systems Simulator), aiming for more detailed studies, whereas TPSS is mainly for dimensioning studies. The above optimal power flow models may be implemented in the entire electric train driving strategy model.

    The optimal design part of this thesis includes two aggregation models for describing reduction in train traffic performance. The first one presented in a journal, and the second one, adapted more useful with different simulation results was presented at a conference. It also includes an early model for optimal railway power converter placements.

    The conclusions to be made are that the potential for energy savings by better operation of the railway power system is great. Another conclusion is that investment planning models for railway power systems have a high development potential. RPSS planning models are computationally more attractive, when aggregating power system and train traffic details.

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  • 21.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Railway Power Supply Models and Methods for Long-term Investment Analysis2008Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the project is to suggest an investment planning programwhere the welfare of the society is to be maximized. In order to beable to decide on a wise investment plan, one needs to know theconsequences of different choices of power system configurations.Therefore the impacts of different future traffic demands are ofinterest for a railway power system owner.Since investments are supposed to last a long time, their futureusage has to be considered. Moreover, the lead times of investmentscan be of considerable duration lengths. Because of the uncertaintyof the future, deterministic case studies might not be suitable andthen a large number of outcomes are to be studied, probable outcomesas well as outcomes with a high level of impact.In order to be able to make a valid long-term investment analysis ofthe railway power supply system, one needs to use proper railwaypower supply models and methods. The aim of this thesis is topresent a stable modeling and methodological basis for the cominginvestment planning phase of this PhD research project. The focus isset on studying the consequences of a railway power supply systemwhich is too weak.The thesis contains an overview of models of some electrical andmechanical relations important for electric traction systems. Someof these models are further developed, and some are modified forimproved computational properties. A flexible electric tractionsystem simulator based on the above mentioned models has beendeveloped and the applied methods and resulting abilities arepresented.The main scientific contribution of this thesis is that a fast andapproximative neural network model, which calculates some importantaggregated results of the interaction between the railway powersystem and the train traffic, has been developed. This approximativemodel was developed in order to reduce computation times. Reductionof computation times is very important when a huge number ofoutcomes are studied. A complete simulation of a train power systemin operation takes a long time, often not less than about a tenth ofthe simulated traffic time. The neural network is trained with someselected aggregated results extracted from a wide set of railwayoperation simulation cases. The choices of network inputs andoutputs are motivated in the thesis. The performance of thesimulator as well as the approximator are visualized in casestudies.

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    FULLTEXT02
  • 22.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Kjellqvist, Tommy
    Elekt Konsult AB, Kraftelektronik, Sweden.
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    High-voltage DC-feeder solution for electric railways2012In: IET Power Electronics, ISSN 1755-4535, E-ISSN 1755-4543, Vol. 5, no 9, p. 1776-1784Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For AC railway power supply systems with a different frequency than the public grid, high-voltage AC transmission lines are common, connected to the catenary by transformers. This study suggests an alternative design based on an high-voltage DC (HVDC)-feeder, which is connected to the catenary by converters. Such an HVDC line would also be appropriate for DC-fed railways and AC-fed railways working at a public-grid frequency. The converter stations between the public grid and the HVDCfeeder can be sparsely distributed, not denser than on 100 km distances, whereas the converters connecting the HVDC-feeder to the catenary are distributed denser. Their ratings can be lower than present-day substation transformers or converters, since the power flows can be fully controlled. Despite a relatively low-power rating, the proposed converters can be highly efficient because of the use of medium frequency technology. The proposed feeding system results in lower material usage, lower losses and higher controllability compared with the present solutions. Simulations of the proposed solution show clear advantages regarding transmission losses and voltages compared with conventional systems, especially for cases with weak feeding, and when there are substantial amounts of regeneration from the trains.

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  • 23.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Kjellqvist, Tommy
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    HVDC Feeder Solution for Electric Railways2012In: IET Power Electronics, ISSN 1755-4535, E-ISSN 1755-4543Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The railway power supply systems in many sparsely populated countries are relatively weak. Weak railway power supply systems causes problems with power quality, voltage drops, and high transmission losses.

    For AC railway power supply systems with a different frequency than the public grid, high-voltage AC (HVAC) transmission lines are common, connected to the catenary by transformers.

    In this paper an alternative design based on an HVDC feeder is suggested. The HVDC feeder is connected to the catenary by converters. Such an HVDC line would also be appropriate for DC-fed railways and AC-fed railways working at public frequency. The converter stations between the public grid and the HVDC feeder can be sparsely distributed, in the range of 100 km or more, whereas the converters connecting the HVDC feeder to the catenary are distributed with a much closer spacing. Their ratings can be lower than substation transformers or electro-mechanical converters, since the power flow can be fully controlled.

    Despite a relatively low power rating, the proposed converters can be highly efficient due to the use of medium frequency technology. The HVDC-based feeding system results in lower material usage, lower losses and higher controllability compared to present solutions.

    Simulations of the proposed solution show clear advantages regarding transmission losses and voltages compared to conventional systems, especially for cases with long distances between feeding points to the catenary, and when there are substantial amounts of regeneration from the trains.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 24.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Schütte, Thorsten
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    Use of converters for feeding of AC railways for all frequencies2012In: Energy for Sustainable Development, ISSN 0973-0826, E-ISSN 2352-4669, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 368-378Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Railways are the most energy-efficient land-based mode of transport, and electrification is the most energy-efficient way to power the trains. There are many existing solutions to supply the trains with electricity. Regardless of which particular technology is chosen, it is beneficial to interconnect the public power grids to grids supplying power to the railways. This paper shows that the most efficient, flexible, and gentle-for-the-public-grid way of doing that is through power electronic-based power converters. Converters offer great benefits regardless of whether the overhead contact lines are of DC-type or AC type, and regardless of the AC grid frequency. This paper presents neither new theory nor new experimental results. Based on already available information, this paper presents logical arguments leading to this conclusion from collected facts. Over time what used to be advanced and high-cost equipment earlier can nowadays be purchased at reasonable cost. It is obvious that for most electrically-fed railways, the use of modern power converters is attractive. Where the individual trains are high consumers of energy, the railway gradients are substantial, and the public grids feeding the railway are weak, the use of converters would be technically desirable, if not necessary for electrification.It is expected that more high-speed railways will be built, and more existing railways will be electrified in the foreseeable future. This paper could provide some insights to infrastructure owners and decision makers in railway administrations about value additions that converter-fed electric railways would provide.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Skogberg, Ronny
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    Lagos, Mario
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Identifying electrically infeasible traffic scenarios on the iron ore line: Applied on the present-day system, converter station outages, and optimal locomotive reactive power strategies2015In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME JOINT RAIL CONFERENCE, 2015, AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS , 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the main findings of a Master's Thesis project carried out in cooperation between Transrail and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). The main objective was to create a plugin for checking the electric power system feasibility of a train traffic plan with an associated driving strategy created by TRAINS a Transrail software product. Secondary aims with the project was to study power system feasibilities during converter station outages, and to which extent optimal operation of the locomotive converters' reactive power assure power system feasibilities. In the developed optimal reactive power strategies, the main priority was to fulfill the desired traffic plans, whereas the secondary priority was to minimize railway power system power consumption. The case studies are applied on representative traffic scenarios and power system models representing the northern part of the Iron Ore line in Northern Sweden. The focus of the study is set on the IORE locomotives and the iron ore trains they haul. The optimized locomotive reactive power regards IORE, so also the investigated power system feasibilities of the traffic plans.

  • 26.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    An SOS2-based moving trains,fixed nodes, railway power system simulator2012In: WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, WIT Press, 2012, p. 813-823Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents and proposes an optimization model for railway power supply system simulations. It includes detailed power systems modeling train movements in discretized time considering running resistance and other mechanical constraints, and the voltage-drop-induced reduction of possible train tractive forces. The model has a xed number of stationary power system nodes. The proposed model uses SOS2 (special ordered sets of type 2) variables to distribute the train loads to the two most adjacent power system nodes available. The impact of the number of power system nodes along the contact line and the discretized time step length impacts on model accuracy and computation times are investigated. The program is implemented in GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System). Experiences from various solver choices are also presented. The train traveling times are minimized in the example. Other studies could, e.g. consider energy consumption minimization. The numerical example is representative for a Swedish non-centralized, rotary-converter fed railway power supply system. The proposed concept is however generalizable and could be applied for all kinds of moving load power system studies.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Basic modeling for electric traction systems under uncertainty2006In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES POWER ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, NEW YORK: IEEE , 2006, p. 252-256Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this paper is initially to present a basic modeling of the railway traction system. This model includes the basic technologies used today. The voltage dependencies of the maximal possible power consumption as well as the maximal velocity of the common Re-locomotives are included. The latter is very crucial for the studies of time table sensitivity, which is of our immediate interest. Moreover, a method is presented, that estimates the expected train delay time for a given feeding technology. The reference timetable assumes the same train and surrounding conditions, but no voltage drops. In the numerical example where the developed model is applied to a realistic test system, a set of possible amounts of railway traffic are treated as uncertainties. Mainly, the contributions of this paper are three: compiling and connecting already accepted models, the development of a method for numerical calculations using this model compilation, and an example to apply this model on.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 28.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Fast calculation of some important dimensioning factors of the railway power supply system2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Because of environmental and economical reasons, in Sweden and the rest of Europe, both personal and goods transports on railway are increasing. Therefore great railway infrastructure investments are expected to come. An important part of this infrastructure is the railway power supply system. Exactly how much, when and where the traffic will increase is not known for sure. This means investment planning for an uncertain future. The more uncertain parameters, such as traffic density and weight of trains, and the further future considered, the greater the inevitable amount of cases that have to be considered. When doing simulations concerning a tremendous amount of cases, each part of the simulation model has to be computationally fast – in real life this means approximations. The two most important issues to estimate given a certain power system configuration, when planning for an electric traction system, are the energy consumption of the grid and the train delays that a too weak system would cause. In this paper, some modeling suggestions of the energy consumption and the maximal train velocities are presented. Two linear models, and one nonlinear model are presented and compared. The comparisons regard both computer speed and representability. The independent variables of these models are a selection of parameters describing the power system, i.e.: power system technology used on each section, and traffic intensity.

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    fulltext
  • 29.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    Fast estimation of aggregated results of many load flow solutions in electric traction systems2008In: COMPUTERS IN RAILWAYS XI, WIT Press, 2008, Vol. 103, p. 411-423Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Transports on rail are increasing and major railway infrastructure investments are expected. An important part of this infrastructure is the railway power supply system. The future railway power demands are naturally not known for certain. This means investment planning for an uncertain future. The more remote the uncertain future, the greater the amount of scenarios that have to be considered. Large numbers of scenarios make time demanding (some tens of minutes, each) simulations less attractive and simplifications more so. The aim of this paper is to present a fast approximator that uses aggregated traction system information as inputs and outputs. This facilitates studies of many future railway power system loading scenarios, combined with different power system configurations, for investment planning analysis. Since the electrical and mechanical relations governing an electric traction system are quite intricate, an approximator based on neural networks (NN), is applied. This paper presents a design suggestion for a NN estimating power system caused limits on active and reactive power load, i.e., limits on the levels of train traffic.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 30.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Fast Estimation of Relations Between Aggregated Train Power System Data and Traffic Performance2011In: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, ISSN 0018-9545, E-ISSN 1939-9359, Vol. 60, no 1, p. 16-29Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transports via rail are increasing, and major railway infrastructure investments are expected. An important part of this infrastructure is the railway power supply system (RPSS). Future railway power demands are not known. The more distant the uncertain future, the greater the number of scenarios that have to be considered. Large numbers of scenarios make time-demanding (some minutes, each) full simulations of electric railway power systems less attractive and simplifications more so. The aim, and main contribution, of this paper is to propose a fast approximator that uses aggregated traction system information as inputs and outputs. This approximator can be used as an investment planning constraint in the optimization. It considers that there is a limit on the intensity of the train traffic, depending on the strength of the power system. This approximator approach has not previously been encountered in the literature. In the numerical example of this paper, the approximator inputs are the power system configuration; the distance between a connection from contact line to the public grid, to another connection, or to the end of the contact line; the average values and the standard deviations of the inclinations of the railway; the average number of trains; and their average velocity for that distance. The output is the maximal attainable average velocity of an added train for the described railway power system section. The approximator facilitates studies of many future railway power system loading scenarios, combined with different power system configurations, for investment planning analysis. The approximator is based on neural networks. An additional value of the approximator is that it provides an understanding of the relations between power system configuration and train traffic performance.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 31.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Fast estimation of the relation between aggregated train power system information and the power and energy converted2008In: 2008 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2008, IEEE conference proceedings, 2008, p. 1-6Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transports on rail are increasing and major investments in the railway infrastructure, including the Railway Power Supply System (RPSS), are expected. The future railway power demands are naturally not known for certain. The more remote the uncertain future, the greater the number of scenarios that have to be considered. Large numbers of scenarios make time demanding simulations unattractive. The aim of this paper is to present a fast approximator that uses aggregated RPSS information. Since the electrical and mechanical relations governing an RPSS are quite intricate, an approximator based on Neural Networks (NN), is applied. This paper presents a design suggestion for an NN estimating the power and energy flows through each converter station, given RPSS data and levels of train traffic. Even if the future usage of the NN is investment planning, the modeling of such an approximator has a value in itself concerning the understanding of the relations between RPSS and train traffic.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 32.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Fast estimation of the relation between aggregated train power system information and the power and energy converted2009In: Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ISSN 1448-837X, Vol. 6, no 3, p. 311-318Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transports on rail are increasing and major investments in the railway infrastructure, including the railway power supply system (RPSS), are expected. The future railway power demands are naturally not known for certain. The more remote the uncertain future, the greater the number of scenarios that have to be considered. Large numbers of scenarios make time-demanding simulations unattractive. The aim of this paper is to present a fast approximator that uses aggregated RPSS information. Since the electrical and mechanical relations governing an RPSS are quite intricate, an approximator based on neural networks (NN) is applied. This paper presents a design suggestion for an NN estimating the power and energy flows through each converter station, given RPSS data and levels of train traffic. Even if the future usage of the NN is investment planning, the modelling of such an approximator has a value in itself concerning the understanding of the relations between RPSS and train traffic.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 33.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Operation simulation of traction systems2008In: COMPUTERS IN RAILWAYS XI, 2008, Vol. 103, p. 283-292Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this paper is initially to present a basic modeling of the railway traction system. This model includes the basic technologies used today. The voltage dependencies of the maximal possible power consumption as well as the maximal velocity of the common Rc-locomotives are included. The latter is very crucial for the studies of time table sensitivity, which is of our immediate interest. Moreover, a method is presented that estimates the expected train delay time for a given feeding technology. The reference timetable assumes the same train and surrounding conditions, but no voltage drops. In the numerical example where the developed model is applied to a realistic test system, a set of possible amounts of railway traffic are treated as uncertainties. Mainly, the contributions of this paper are three: compiling and connecting already accepted models, the development of a method for numerical calculations using this model compilation, and an example to apply this model on.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 34.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Railway power supply investment decisions considering the voltage drops: Assuming the future traffic to be known2009In: 2009 15th International Conference on Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems, ISAP '09, 2009Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Transports on rail are increasing and major railway infrastructure investments are expected. An important part of this infrastructure is the railway power supply system. The future railway power demands are naturally not known for certain. The more distant the uncertain future is, the greater the number of scenarios that have to be considered. Large numbers of scenarios make time demanding simulations unattractive. Therefore a fast approximator that uses aggregated railway power supply system information has been developed. In particular the approximator studies the impacts of voltage drops on the traffic flow. The weaker the power system and the heavier the traffic, the greater the voltage drops. And the greater the voltage drops, the more limited the maximal attainable tractive force on the locomotives. That approximator is in this paper used as a constraint in the embryo of a railway power supply system investment planning program, where investment decisions are assumed to be realized immediately, and there is no preexisting power supply system to consider. The traffic forecasts are in this first approach assumed to be perfect. This stepwise creation of the planning program makes evaluating it easier. The basic investment planning model presented here constitutes the foundation for further improvements.

  • 35.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Traction Power System Capacity Limitations at Various Traffic Levels2011In: WCRR, World Congress on Railway Research, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim, and main contribution, of this paper is to propose a fine-tuned fast approximator, based on neural networks, that uses aggregated traction system information as inputs and outputs. This approximator can be used as an investment planning constraint in the optimization. It considers that there is a limit on the intensity of the train traffic, depending on the strength of the power system. In the numerical examples of this paper, the approximator inputs are the power system configuration, the distance between a connection from contact line to the public grid to another connection, and the average number of trains for that distance. The output is the maximal attainable average velocity of trains of a specific kind for the by the inputs described railway power system section. An alternative output – the traveling time is also presented. The main emphasis of this paper is on the example section, since the contribution of this paper is mainly to show on the improved simplicity and reality compliance. The applicative contribution is twofold, an improved TPSA as a planning/decision making program constraint, whereas it also can be used as a scientifically developed rule of thumb for a planner active in the field. The aim is not primarily to show that the idea works, or to motivate the principal idea, since that is done earlier. The approximator facilitates studies of many railway power system loading scenarios, combined with different power system configurations, for investment planning analysis. The approximator is based on neural networks. An additional value of the approximator is that it provides an understanding of the relations between power system configuration and train traffic performance.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 36.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    Optimizing the power flows in a railway power supply system FED by rotary converters2015In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME JOINT RAIL CONFERENCE, 2015, AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS , 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study focuses on optimizing the operation of rotary railway-feeding converters. Since a large share of rotary converters can be expected to be in operation for decades to come in the railway power supply systems (RPSSs), it is important to make their operation as efficient as possible. The existing rotary converters may have unused capabilities particularly in load sharing, but also to some extent in reactive power compensation. Load-sharing improvement can be done in two steps; (1) coarsely by unit commitment within a converter station, (2) fine-tuned by controlling the terminal voltage of the converter station on the railway-side. The proposed optimization models minimize RPSS losses, including losses in the converters. The models are implemented and solved in the GAMS environment. The case studies are applied on Sweden-inspired RPSS designs and configurations, and the train load situations are varied. Ideas and experiences regarding improved computational efficiency for solving the problems are discussed.

  • 37.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    Schütte, Thorsten
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    An electromechanical moving load fixed node position and fixed node number railway power supply systems optimization model2013In: Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, ISSN 0968-090X, E-ISSN 1879-2359, Vol. 30, p. 23-40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an optimization model for simulations of railway power supply systems. It includes detailed power systems modeling, train movements in discretized time considering running resistance and other mechanical constraints, and the voltage-drop-induced reduction of possible train tractive forces. The model has a fixed number of stationary power system nodes, which alleviates optimized operation overtime. The proposed model uses SOS2 (Special Ordered Sets of type 2) variables to distribute the train loads to the two most adjacent power system nodes available. The impacts of the number of power system nodes along the contact line and the discretized time step length on model accuracy and computation times are investigated. The program is implemented in GAMS. Experiences from various solver choices are also discussed. The train traveling times are minimized in the example. Other studies could e.g. consider energy consumption minimization. The numerical example is representative for a Swedish decentralized, rotary-converter fed railway power supply system. The proposed concept is however generalizable and could be applied for all kinds of moving load power system studies.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 38.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    HVDC feeding with OPF and unit commitment for electric railways2012In: Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion (ESARS), 2012, IEEE , 2012, p. 6387481-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper a railway power system design based on an HVDC feeder is suggested. The converter stations between the public grid and the HVDC feeder can be sparsely distributed, in the range of 100 km or more, whereas the converters connecting the HVDC feeder to the catenary are distributed with a much closer spacing. The ratings of the catenary-connected ones can be lower than substation transformers or rotary converters, since the power conversion can be fully controlled. Simulations of the proposed solution show clear advantages regarding transmission losses and voltages compared to conventional systems, especially for cases with long catenary sections, and when there are substantial shares of regeneration from the trains.

  • 39.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Electric Power Systems.
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Optimal PowerFlow (OPF) Model with Unified AC-DC Load Flow and Optimal Commitmentfor an AC-catenary Railway Power Supply System (RPSS) fed by aHigh Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission lineManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper an alternative railway power systems design based on an HVDC feeder is studied. The HVDC feeder is connected to the catenary by converters. Such an HVDC line is also appropriate for DC-fed railways and AC-fed railways working at public frequency.

    A unit commitment optimal power flow model has been developed and is applied on a test system. In this paper, the model is presented in detail. The model, in the form of an MINLP program, uses unified AC-DC power flow to minimize the entire railway power system losses.

    Simulations of the proposed solution show clear advantages regarding transmission losses and voltages compared to conventional systems, especially for cases with long distances between feeding points to the catenary, and when there are substantial amounts of regeneration from the trains.

  • 40.
    Abrahamsson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Östlund, Stefan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electrical Energy Conversion.
    Söder, Lennart
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electric Power Systems.
    Optimal PowerFlow (OPF) Model with Unified AC-DC Load Flow and Optimal Commitmentfor an AC-catenary Railway Power Supply System (RPSS) fed by aHigh Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission line2012Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper an alternative railway power systems design based on an HVDC feeder is studied. The HVDC feeder is connected to the catenary by converters. Such an HVDC line is also appropriate for DC-fed railways and AC-fed railways working at public frequency. A unit commitment optimal power flow model has been developed and is applied on a test system. In this paper, the model is presented in detail. The model, in the form of an MINLP program, uses unified AC-DC power flow to minimize the entire railway power system losses. Simulations of the proposed solution show clear advantages regarding transmission losses and voltages compared to conventional systems, especially for cases with long distances between feeding points to the catenary, and when there are substantial amounts of regeneration from the trains.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 41.
    Abramson, Nils
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Production Engineering.
    Boman, J.
    Bonnevier, Björn
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Plane intersections of rotational ellipsoids2006In: The American mathematical monthly, ISSN 0002-9890, E-ISSN 1930-0972, Vol. 113, no 4, p. 336-339Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 42. Abrardo, A.
    et al.
    Belleschi, M.
    Fodor, Gábor
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Moretti, M.
    A message passing approach for resource allocation in cellular OFDMA communications2012In: Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2012 IEEE, IEEE , 2012, p. 4583-4588Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper proposes a distributed and low-complexity resource allocation scheme for cellular OFDMA networks. In particular, we consider ReMP, a reweighted message passing algorithm that perturbs the standard max-sum algorithm by suitably reweighting messages. In a single-cell scenario, such a scheme allows to achieve convergence to a fixed and provably optimum point without employing any central controller. The ReMP algorithm is then adapted to a multi-cell environment. To this aim, we devise X-ReMP, a ReMP-based algorithm that combines cross-cell signaling and the regular ReMP routine that still runs within each cell. The cross-signaling among cells aids ReMP to deal with the inter-cell multiple-access interference, so that X-ReMP allows convergence to a good working point in terms of system throughput even in presence of strong inter-cell interference.

  • 43. Abrardo, A
    et al.
    Fodor, Gabor
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Tola, B.
    Network coding schemes for Device-To-Device communications based relaying for cellular coverage extension2015In: IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications, SPAWC, 2015, p. 670-674Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, we study the performance of device-To-device (D2D) based range extension in terms of sum rate and power efficiency when a relaying user equipment (UE) helps to improve the coverage for cell-edge UEs. In our design, the relaying UE has own traffic to transmit and receive to/from the cellular base station (BS) and can operate either in amplify-And-forward (AF) or decode-And-forward (DF) modes and can make use of either digital or analogue (PHY layer) network coding. In this rather general setting, we propose mode selection, resource allocation and power control schemes and study their performance by means of system simulations. We find that the performance of the DF scheme with network coding is superior both to the traditional cellular and the AF based relaying schemes, including AF with two-slot or three-slot PHY layer network coding.

  • 44.
    Abrardo, Andrea
    et al.
    University of Siena, Italy.
    Fodor, Gabor
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control. Ericsson Research, Stockholm.
    Tola, Besmir
    University of Siena, Italy.
    Network Coding Schemes for Device-to-Device Communications Based Relaying for Cellular Coverage Extension2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Although network assisted device-to-device (D2D) communications is known to improve the spectraland energy efficiency of proximal communications, its performance is less understood when employedto extend the coverage of cellular networks.In this paper, we study the performance of D2D basedrange extension in terms of sum rate and power efficiency when a relaying user equipment (UE) helps to improvethe coverage for cell-edge UEs.In our design, the relaying UE has own traffic to transmit and receive to/from the cellular base station (BS) andcan operate either in amplify-and-forward (AF) or decode-and-forward (DF) modes and can make use of either digital oranalogue (PHY layer) network coding.In this rather general setting, we propose mode selection, resource allocation and power control schemesand study their performance by means of system simulations.We find that the performance of the DF scheme with network coding is superior both to the traditional cellularand the AF based relaying schemes, including AF with two-slot or three-slot PHY layer network coding.

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  • 45. Abu-Rmileh, Amjad
    et al.
    Garcia-Gabin, Winston
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Detection and Prevention of Hypoglycemia in Automated Insulin Delivery Systems for Type 1 Diabetes Patients2012In: Advances in Medicine and Biology / [ed] Leon V. Berhardt, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012, p. 249-266Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 46. Abu-Rmileh, Amjad
    et al.
    Garcia-Gabin, Winston
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Hypoglycemia prevention in closed-loop artificial pancreas for patients with type 1 diabetes2011In: Diabetes: Damages and treatments / [ed] Everlon Cid Rigobelo, IN-TECH, 2011, p. 207-226Chapter in book (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Abu-Rmileh, Amjad
    et al.
    Universidad de Gerona.
    Garcia-Gabin, Winston
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Smith Predictor Sliding Mode Closed-loop Glucose Controller in Type 1 Diabetes2011In: Proceedings of the 18th IFAC World Congress, 2011, 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Type 1 diabetic patients depend on external insulin delivery to keep their blood glucose within near-normal ranges. In this work, two robust closed-loop controllers for blood glucose control are developed to prevent the life-threatening hypoglycemia, as well as to avoid extended hyperglycemia. The proposed controllers are designed by using the sliding mode control technique in a Smith predictor structure. To improve meal disturbance rejection, a simple feedforward controller is added to inject meal-time insulin bolus. Simulation studies were used to test the controllers, and shown the controllers ability to regulate the blood glucose within the safe limits in the presence of errors in measurements, modeling, and meal estimation.

  • 48. Abu-Rmileh, Amjad
    et al.
    Garcia-Gabin, Winston
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Wiener sliding-mode control for artificial pancreas: A new nonlinear approach to glucose regulation2012In: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, ISSN 0169-2607, E-ISSN 1872-7565, ISSN 0169-2607, Vol. 107, no 2, p. 327-340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Type 1 diabetic patients need insulin therapy to keep their blood glucose close to normal. In this paper an attempt is made to show how nonlinear control-oriented model may be used to improve the performance of closed-loop control of blood glucose in diabetic patients. The nonlinear Wiener model is used as a novel modeling approach to be applied to the glucose control problem. The identified Wiener model is used in the design of a robust nonlinear sliding mode control strategy. Two configurations of the nonlinear controller are tested and compared to a controller designed with a linear model. The controllers are designed in a Smith predictor structure to reduce the effect of system time delay. To improve the meal compensation features, the controllers are provided with a simple feedforward controller to inject an insulin bolus at meal time. Different simulation scenarios have been used to evaluate the proposed controllers. The obtained results show that the new approach out-performs the linear control scheme, and regulates the glucose level within safe limits in the presence of measurement and modeling errors, meal uncertainty and patient variations.

  • 49.
    Achilli, Timothée
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Space and Plasma Physics.
    STATISTICAL STUDY OF THEEARTH'S MAGNETOPAUSEBOUNDARY LAYER PARTICLEPOPULATIONS2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    While double ion populations, with a cold population originating from the solar windand a hotter one from the magnetosphere, are frequently observed in the Earth’s lowlatitudeboundary layers, similar double electron populations are seldom recorded.We performed a statistical study of ion and electron double populations near themagnetopause by using 7 years of THEMIS particle data. After a preliminary study ofmagnetopause crossings characteristics, in particular by determining the typicalenergies of ion and electron populations in regions near the magnetopause, we setup an automated detection algorithm for identifying regions with combined ion andelectron double populations.The statistical study carried out with respect to IMF conditions in the upstream solarwind during and just before the events suggests that such combined ion and electronDouble Population Boundary Layers (DPBL) form preferentially under northward IMFbut with a significant BY component.We interpret this trend as a result of reconnection of the same magnetosheath fieldline in both hemispheres, but with at least one end reconnecting in its hemisphere atlower latitude with a closed magnetospheric field line which already contains a hotelectron source.

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  • 50.
    Ackeberg, Anders
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Automatic Control.
    Control of Periodic Solutions in Chemical Reactors2003Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
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