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  • 1. Abascal, Isabel Sainz
    et al.
    Björk, Gunnar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Bipartite entanglement measure based on covariance2007In: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, ISSN 1050-2947, E-ISSN 1094-1622, Vol. 75, no 6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose an entanglement measure for two quNits based on the covariances of a set of generators of the su(N) algebra. In particular, we represent this measure in terms of the mutually unbiased projectors for N prime. For pure states this measure quantifies entanglement, we obtain an explicit expression which relates it to the concurrence hierarchy, specifically the I-concurrence and the three-concurrence. For mixed states we propose a separability criterion.

  • 2.
    Aggerstam, Thomas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Gallium nitride templates and its related materials for electronic and photonic devices2008Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

     

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 3.
    Aggerstam, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Andersson, T.G.
    Holmström, Petter
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Jänes, Peter
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Liu, X. Y.
    Lourdudoss, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Thylén, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    GaN/AlN multiple quantum well structures grown by MBE on GaN templates for 1.55 mu m intersubband absorption2007In: Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV / [ed] Razeghi, M; Brown, GJ, 2007, Vol. 6479, p. 64791E-1-64791E-12Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have used MBE to grow MQW structures on MOVPE GaN/sapphire templates. The MQW devices are intended for high speed intersubband electroabsorption modulator devices operating at 1.55-mu m. The GaN/AlN multiple quantum well material was systematically studied regarding the surface morphology, structural characterization and optical property by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The intersubband resonance energy was also calculated considering many-body effects in n-type doped structures. The multiple quantum well structure showed superior performance in terms of linewidth when grown on GaN templates as compared on sapphire. GaN quantum well and AlN barriers with a thickness of 3.3 and 4.2 nm respectively resulted in FWHM of the intersubband absorption peak as low as 93 meV at an absorption energy of 700 meV. This is promising for intersubband modulator applications.

  • 4. Aggerstam, Thomas
    et al.
    Lovqvist, Anita
    Stevens, Renaud
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Jonsson, Stefan
    Marcks von Würtemberg, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Dubois, Mardjan
    Ghisoni, Marco
    Selectively oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for high-speed data communication2001In: Proc. SPIE 4286, SPIE's Optoelectronics 2001, Photonics West, San Jose, US, Bellingham, WA, ETATS-UNIS: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers , 2001, Vol. 4286, p. 96-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    MITEL Semiconductor is developing the next generation low cost, high performance transceivers for data communication. The increasing quantity of data being transferred over the Internet demands very high capacity interconnects. A low cost, high-performance alternative is the use of parallel fiber interconnects where the light is, for example, coupled into a 12-channel fiber-ribbon. Parallel interconnects require good uniformity in order to reduce escalating costs and complexity. In this paper we report on the static and the modulation properties of 850nm multimode oxide VCSELs for use in such Gb/s transceiver system. Static power-current-voltage characteristics with good uniformity were obtained for different structures, with threshold currents down to sub-mA. A maximum small signal 3-dB bandwidth of 10 GHz and a modulation current efficiency up to 8.4 GHz/√[mA] were measured. Single channel results are presented for VCSELs operated at data rates from 2.5-10Gb/s.

  • 5.
    Aggerstam, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Pinos, Andrea
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Marcinkevicius, Saulius
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Optics.
    Linnarsson, Margareta
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Lourdudoss, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Electron and hole capture cross-sections of Fe acceptors in GaN:Fe epitaxially grown on sapphire2007In: Journal of Electronic Materials, ISSN 0361-5235, E-ISSN 1543-186X, Vol. 36, no 12, p. 1621-1624Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Carrier trapping of Fe (3+)/Fe2+ deep acceptors in epitaxially grown GaN:Fe on sapphire was studied by time-resolved photoluminescence. For the investigated Fe doping levels on the order of 10(18) cm(-3), the luminescence decay times are strongly dependent on the Fe concentration, indicating that Fe centers act as predominant nonradiative recombination channels. Linear dependence of the decay time on the iron concentration allows estimation of the electron capture cross-section for the Fe3+ ions, which is equal to 1.9 x 10(-15) cm(2). The upper bound for the cross-section of the hole capture of Fe2+ was evaluated as 10 x 10(-15) cm

  • 6.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Surface studies on α–sapphire for potential use in GaN epitaxial growth2009Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This Licentiate thesis summarizes the work carried out by the author the years 2004 to 2008 at the University of Iceland and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. The aim of the project was to investigate the structure of sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) surfaces, both for pure scientific reasons and also for potential use as substrate for GaN-growth by molecular beam epitaxy.

    More generally the thesis describes some surface science methods used for investigating the substrates; the general physical back ground, the experi- mental implementation and what information they can give. The described techniques are used for surface analysis on sapphire substrates which have been treated variously in order to optimize them for use as templates for epi- taxial growth of GaN or related III-V compounds.

    The thesis is based on three published papers.

    The first paper focuses on the formation a thin AlN layer on sapphire, which may act as a buffer layer for potential epitaxial growth of GaN or any related III-V materials. Two types of sapphire substrates (reconstructed and non- reconstructed) were exposed to ammonia resulting in the formation of AlN on the surface. The efficiency of the AlN formation (nitridation efficiency) for the two surfaces was then compared as a function of substrate temperature through photoelectron spectroscopy and low electron energy diffraction. The reconstructed surface showed a much higher nitridation efficiency than the non-reconstructed surface.

    In the second paper, the affect of different annealing processes on the sapphire morphology, and thus its capability to act as a template for GaN growth, was studied. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis together with ellipsometry measurements showed that annealing in H2 ambient and subse- quent annealing at 1300 °C in O2 for 11 hours resulted in high quality and atomically flat sapphire surface suitable for III-V epitaxial growth.

    The third paper describes the effect of argon sputtering on cleaning GaN surfaces and the possibility of using indium as surfactant for establishing a clean and stoichiometric GaN surface, after such sputtering. Soft sputtering, followed by deposition of 2 ML of indium and subsequent annealing at around 500 °C resulted in a well ordered and clean GaN surface while hard sputtering introduced defects and incorporated both metallic gallium and indium in the surface.

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 7.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Qi, B.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Olafsson, S.
    Gislason, H. P.
    The effect of hard nitridation on Al(2)O(3) using a radio frequency operated plasma cell2011In: Thin Solid Films, ISSN 0040-6090, E-ISSN 1879-2731, Vol. 519, no 22, p. 7796-7802Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on an atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigation of hard nitridation of sapphire (alpha.-Al(2)O(3)) substrate, using an Epi UNI-Bulb RF plasma cell at substrate temperatures ranging from 250 to 600 degrees C. Our results show that an AlN(1-x)O(x) layer forms on sapphire after extended nitridation at all temperatures, following a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode, with less islands forming at higher temperatures. We also observe a layer-dependent charging shift in XPS, separating smooth AlN(1-x)O(x) layers from rough AlN(1-x)O(x) islands due to their different electronic coupling to the substrate. Although the island growth is suppressed at higher temperatures, the surface roughness increases at higher temperatures as seen by AFM. We also observe sputtering effects with protrusions and pits.

  • 8. Ahlfeldt, H.
    et al.
    Holm, J.
    Lindgren, S.
    Backlin, L.
    Vieider, C.
    Klinga, T.
    Kerzar, B.
    Nilsson, M.
    Svensson, M.
    Nilsson, S.
    Kjebon, Olle
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    20 GHz bandwidth of lasers flip-chip-mounted on microstructured carriers with integrated electrical waveguides1998In: Optical Communication, 1998. 24th European Conference on, 1998, Vol. 1, p. 205-206Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A flip-chip-mounting scheme for high-speed lasers has been realised. The mounting scheme involves a microstructured silicon carrier with integrated membrane transmission lines and self-aligning solder bumps

  • 9. Ahlund, John
    et al.
    Nilson, Katharina
    Palmgren, Pål
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Gothelid, Emmanuelle
    Schiessling, Joachim
    Göthelid, Mats
    Martensson, Nils
    Puglia, Carla
    Molecular growth determined by surface domain patterns2008In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 112, no 17, p. 6887-6890Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The growth of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) on InSb(001) c(8 x 2) at submonolayer coverage has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). FePc adsorbs flat centered on the In rows both at 70 K and at room temperature (RT). However, the shapes of the two-dimensional molecular islands are fundamentally different; while the RT growth results in chainlike structures along the [I 10] direction, as already observed for other Pc's adsorbed on the same surface, the islands are prolonged along [110], i.e., perpendicular to the substrate rows, at 70 K. These observations are explained on the basis of a recently observed new surface phase at low temperature, resulting in structural domains on the surface. The molecular growth front follows the propagating domain boundary that freezes at low temperature.

  • 10.
    Ahmed, Jawwad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Monti, Paolo
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Wosinska, Lena
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Benefits of Connection Request Bundling in a PCE-based WDM Network2009In: Proc. of European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications (NOC), 2009Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The  Path  Computation  Element  (PCE)  concept  is  considered  to  be  beneficial  in  the network  connection  setup  operations,  especially  in  optical  networks  based  on wavelength  division  multiplex  (WDM)  transport  technology.  In  the  PCE  paradigm, communication  between  a  node  and  the  PCE  is  specified  by  the  Path  Computation Element  Communication  Protocol  (PCEP).  PCEP  allows  the  PCC  (Path  Computation Client) to send to the PCE more than one LSP (path computation) request at a time, i.e., multiple LSP requests can be bundled together before being sent to the PCE. Enabling bundling, and consequently the concurrent optimization of a large set of LSP requests at the PCE, may result in significant improvements in terms of network optimization and reduced  control  plane  overhead.  However,  these  advantages  come  at  a  cost  of increased  connection  setup-delay.  This  paper  explores  pros  and  cons  of  enabling bundling of LSP requests in terms of both control plane overhead reduction and benefits of  sequential  vs.  concurrent  path  computation  operations.  A  variety  of  scenarios  are analyzed,  including  a  WDM  mesh  network  providing  LSPs  with  both  dedicated  and shared  path  protection.  Results  demonstrate  significant  gains  in  terms  of  reduced control  overhead  using  LSP  bundling,  and  reduction  in  blocking  probability  using concurrent processing of bundled LSP requests at the PCE.

  • 11.
    Akram, Nadeem
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics.
    Kjebon, Olle
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics.
    Chacinski, Marek
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics.
    Berggren, Jesper
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Semiconductor Materials, HMA.
    Olsson, Fredrik
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Semiconductor Materials, HMA.
    Lourdudoss, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Semiconductor Materials, HMA.
    Berrier, Audrey
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Experimental characterization of high-speed 1.55 mu m buried heterostructure InGaAsP/InGaAlAs quantum-well lasers2009In: Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical physics, ISSN 0740-3224, E-ISSN 1520-8540, Vol. 26, no 2, p. 318-327Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Detailed experimental characterization is performed for 1550 nm semi-insulating regrown buried heterostructure Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers having 20 InGaAsP/InGaAlAs strain-balanced quantum wells (QWs) in the active region. Light-current-voltage performance, electrical impedance, small-signal response below and above threshold, amplified spontaneous emission spectrum below threshold and relative intensity noise spectrum are measured. Different laser parameters such as external differential quantum efficiency eta(d), background optical loss alpha(i), K-factor, D-factor, characteristic temperature T-0, differential gain dg/dn, gain-compression factor epsilon, carrier density versus current, differential carrier lifetime tau(d), optical gain spectrum below threshold, and chirp parameter alpha are extracted from these measurements. The FP lasers exhibited a high T-0 (78-86.5 degrees C) and very high-resonance frequency (23.7 GHz). The results indicate that appropriately designed lasers having a large number of InGaAsP well/InGaAlAs barrier QWs with shallow valence-band discontinuity can be useful for un-cooled high-speed direct-modulated laser applications.

  • 12. Alfieri, G.
    et al.
    Monakhov, E. V.
    Svensson, B. G.
    Linnarsson, Margareta K.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Annealing behavior between room temperature and 2000 degrees C of deep level defects in electron-irradiated n-type 4H silicon carbide2005In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 98, no 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The annealing behavior of irradiation-induced defects in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers grown by chemical-vapor deposition has been systematically studied by means of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The nitrogen-doped epitaxial layers have been irradiated with 15-MeV electrons at room temperature and an isochronal annealing series from 100 to 2000 degrees C has been performed. The DLTS measurements, which have been carried out in the temperature range from 120 to 630 K after each annealing step, revealed the presence of six electron traps located in the energy range of 0.45-1.6 eV below the conduction-band edge (E-c). The most prominent and stable ones occur at E-c-0.70 eV (labeled Z(1/2)) and E-c-1.60 eV(EH6/7). After exhibiting a multistage annealing process over a wide temperature range, presumably caused by reactions with migrating defects, a significant fraction of both Z(1/2) and EH6/7 (25%) still persists at 2000 degrees C and activation energies for dissociation in excess of 8 and similar to 7.5 eV are estimated for Z(1/2) and EH6/7, respectively. On the basis of these results, the identity of Z(1/2) and EH6/7 is discussed and related to previous assignments in the literature.

  • 13.
    Amin, Yasar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic, Computer and Software Systems, ECS.
    Prokkola, Satu
    Shao, Botao
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic, Computer and Software Systems, ECS.
    Hållstedt, Julius
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Tenhunen, Hannu
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic, Computer and Software Systems, ECS.
    Zheng, Li-Rong
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, VinnExcellence Center for Intelligence in Paper and Packaging, iPACK. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Electronic, Computer and Software Systems, ECS.
    Inkjet Printed Paper Based Quadrate Bowtie Antennas For UHF RFID Tags2009In: 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, VOLS I-III, PROCEEDINGS, - UBIQUITOUS ICT CONVERGENCE MAKES LIFE BETTER!, TAEJON: ELECTRONICS TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INST , 2009, p. 109-112Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Paper substrate is one of the paramount nominees for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, for the reason that it is one of the widely and the cheapest available substrates. In this paper, for the first time quadrate bowtie antennas with round corners [1] are realized and analyzed on paper substrate for UHF RFID tags. These inkjet printed antennas exhibit high performance which give freedom for their applications. Their area is smaller than the general triangle bowtie antenna and have advantages of smaller area, better return loss in high frequency and higher gain in normal direction of antenna plane compared with general triangular bowtie antenna.d

  • 14.
    Anand, Srinivasan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Berrier, Audrey
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    InP-based two dimensional photonic crystals: A material and processing perspective2008In: ICTON 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF 2008 10TH ANNIVERSARY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS, VOL 2 / [ed] Marciniak, M, NEW YORK: IEEE , 2008, p. 25-25Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The talk will address fabrication and characterization of InP-based two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PhCs). The emphasis will be on material and processing issues. In particular, high aspect ratio etching of PhCs in the InP-based materials will be discussed, including feature-size dependent etching and its impact on the optical properties of PhCs. The physical basis for modification of carrier lifetimes of quantum wells in etched PhCs due to the so-called accumulated side-wall damage and methods to control carrier lifetimes relevant for emitter and switching applications will be discussed. Fundamental investigations of carrier transport across PhC structures will be reported and a new method to determine the etched side-wall Surface potential will be demonstrated.

  • 15.
    Andersson, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Espinosa-Arronte, Beatriz
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    van der Beek, C. J.
    Nikolaou, M.
    Lidmar, J.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics.
    Wallin, M.
    A vortex solid-to-liquid transition with fully anisotropic scaling2009In: Journal of Physics, Conference Series, ISSN 1742-6588, E-ISSN 1742-6596, Vol. 150, no 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The vortex solid-to-liquid transition has been studied in heavy ion irradiated untwinned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-delta with an inclined applied magnetic field. For magnetic fields tilted at angles about 45 degrees away from the columnar defects, we find that the electric resistivity in the vortex liquid regime approaches zero with power laws in the reduced temperature T - T-c that have different exponents in all three spatial directions. Since the symmetry in the problem has been broken in two non-collinear directions by i) the direction of the columnar defects and ii) the direction of the applied magnetic field, our findings give evidence for a new type of critical behavior with fully anisotropic critical exponents. A possible view of the vortex topology for the transition is also suggested.

  • 16. Andersson, T. G.
    et al.
    Liu, X. Y.
    Aggerstam, Thomas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Holmström, Petter
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Lourdudoss, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Thylen, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Chen, Y. L.
    Hsieh, C. H.
    Lo, I.
    Macroscopic defects in GaN/AlN multiple quantum well structures grown by MBE on GaN templates2009In: Microelectronics Journal, ISSN 0026-2692, Vol. 40, no 2, p. 360-362Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have used MBE to grow in AlN/GaN superlattices, with different number of periods, on 2.5-mu m-thick MOVPE-GaN templates to study the development of defects such as surface deformation due to strain. After growth the samples were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strain increased with the number of quantum wells (QWs) and eventually caused defects such as microcracks visible by optical microscopy at four or more QW periods. High-resolution TEM images showed shallow recessions on the surface (surface deformation) indicating formation of microcracks in the MQW region. The measured intersubband (IS) absorption linewidth from a four period structure was 97 meV, which is comparable with the spectrum from a 10 period structure at an absorption energy of similar to 700 meV. This indicates that the interface quality of the MQW is not substantially affected by the presence of cracks.

  • 17.
    Angulo Barrios, C.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Lourdudoss, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Messmer, L. R.
    Holmgren, M.
    Lovqvist, A.
    Carlsson, C.
    Larsson, A.
    Halonen, J.
    Ghisoni, M.
    Stevens, Renaud
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    GaAs/AlGaAs buried-heterostructure laser diodes with semi-insulating GaInP:Fe regrowth2001In: Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2001. CLEO/Pacific Rim 2001. The 4th Pacific Rim Conference on, 2001, Vol. 2Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    GaAs/AlGaAs buried-heterostructure in-plane lasers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using GaInP:Fe as the burying layer have been fabricated and investigated. Regrowth of GaInP:Fe around etched laser mesas was achieved by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The lasers exhibit good performance under CW operation and show promising high-speed characteristics.

  • 18.
    Aulin, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Yun, Sang Ho
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Lindström, Tom
    Design of Highly Oleophobic Cellulose Surfaces from Structured Silicon Templates2009In: Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, Vol. 1, no 11, p. 2443-2452Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Structured silicon surfaces, possessing hierarchical porous characteristics consisting of micrometer-sized cavities superimposed upon a network of nanometer-sized pillars or wires, have been fabricated by a plasma-etching process. These surfaces have superoleophobic properties, after being coated with fluorinated organic trichlorosilanes, on intrinsically oleophilic surfaces. By comparison with flat silicon surfaces, which are oleophilic, it has been demonstrated that a combination of low surface energy and the structured features of the plasma-etched surface is essential to prevent oil from penetrating the surface cavities and thus induce the observed macroscopic superoleophobic phenomena with very low contact-angle hysteresis and low roll-off angles. The structured silicon surfaces were coated with cellulose nanocrystals using the polyelectrolyte multilayer technique. The cellulose surfaces prepared in this way were then coated with a monolayer of fluorinated trichlorosilanes. These porous cellulose films displayed highly nonwetting properties against a number of liquids with low surface tension, including alkanes such as hexadecane and decane. The wettability and chemical composition of the cellulose/silicon surfaces were characterized with contact-angle goniometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The nano/microtexture features of the cellulose/silicon surfaces were also studied with field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The highly oleophobic structured cellulose surfaces are very interesting model surfaces for the development of biomimetic self-cleaning surfaces in a vast array of products, including green constructions, packaging materials, protection against environmental fouling, sports, and outdoor clothing, and microfluidic systems.

  • 19. Azarov, A. Yu
    et al.
    Jensen, J.
    Hallén, Anders.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Aggerstam, T.
    Dopant distribution in high fluence Fe implanted GaN2008In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 104, no 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Undoped wurtzite GaN epilayers implanted at room temperature with 50-325 keV Fe+ ions in the fluence range of 10(15)-10(17) ions/cm(2) are studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. The results show an enhanced Fe concentration close to the surface for high ion fluences (>1 X 10(16) cm(-2)), which increases with the ion fluence. Annealing at 800 degrees C for 30 min has a negligible effect on the Fe distribution in the material bulk, but further increases the Fe concentration near the surface. Our findings can be understood by radiation enhanced diffusion during ion implantation and an increased Fe diffusivity in the near surface region with distorted stoichiometry, or formation of secondary phases and precipitates for the highest doses. The simulation shows that, if enhanced diffusion is the reason for Fe buildup at the surface, both radiation enhanced diffusion and the thermal diffusion of Fe atoms near the surface, need to be at least five times larger than ordinary bulk diffusion to explain the increased Fe surface concentration.

  • 20. Azarov, A. Yu.
    et al.
    Titov, A. I.
    Karaseov, P. A.
    Kucheyev, S. O.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Kuznetsov, A. Yu.
    Svensson, B. G.
    Pathak, A. P.
    Structural damage in ZnO bombarded by heavy ions2010In: Vacuum, ISSN 0042-207X, E-ISSN 1879-2715, Vol. 84, no 8, p. 1058-1061Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of implantation parameters on damage build-up in ZnO bombarded with Bi and Er ions is studied by Rutherford backscattering/channelling spectrometry. The results show that the damage accumulation behaviour in ZnO is different dramatically from that in other semiconductors. In particular, a variation of implantation parameters, such as collision cascade density, sample temperature and ion flux, has only a minor influence on the damage accumulation in the crystal bulk for the case of such heavy ions. Moreover, an intermediate damage peak, between the surface and bulk defect peaks, is observed for all the irradiation conditions studied. The cascade density affects the behaviour of this intermediate peak with increasing ion dose.

  • 21.
    Azarov, Alexander
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Titov, A. I.
    Karaseov, P. A.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Effect of collision cascade density on radiation damage in SiC2009In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, ISSN 0168-583X, E-ISSN 1872-9584, Vol. 267, no 8-9, p. 1247-1250Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The damage accumulation in 6H-SiC bombarded at room temperature with 1.3 keV/amu atomic P+ ions and small cluster ions PFn+ (n = 2 and 4) have been studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling mode. Results show that collision cascade density strongly affects damage buildup in SiC. The cluster ion bombardment of SiC produces more stable defects both near the surface and in the region between the surface and bulk defect peaks than irradiation by atomic ions.

  • 22.
    Azarov, Alexander
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Zamani, Atieh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Radamson, Henry H.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Vines, L.
    Kuznetsov, A. Yu.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Dopant incorporation in thin strained Si layers implanted with Sb2010In: Thin Solid Films, ISSN 0040-6090, E-ISSN 1879-2731, Vol. 518, no 9, p. 2474-2477Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of tensile strain on Sb incorporation in Si and its activation during post-implantation annealing has been Studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry. X-ray diffraction and 4-point probe measurements Our results show that, for Sb implanted samples a tensile strain has an important role for dopant behavior Particularly, increasing the tensile strain in the Si layer from 0 to 0 8% leads to an enhancement of the fraction of incorporated Sb atoms in substitutional sites already during implantation from similar to 7 to 30% Furthermore, 0 8% strain in antimony doped Si gives similar to 20% reduction in the sheet resistance in comparison to the unstrained sample.

  • 23. Azarov, A.Yu.
    et al.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Jensen, J.
    Aggerstam, Thomas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Lourdudoss, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    High dose Fe implantation of gan: Damage build-up and dopant redistribution2008In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM CONGRESS/13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SURFACE SCIENCE/INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2008, Vol. 100, no PART 4Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Undoped GaN epilayers implanted at room temperature with 50-325 keV Fe + ions in the fluence range of 1015 - 1017 ions/cm are studied by a combination of Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. Results show that for high ion fluences (>1 × 1016 cm-2) enhanced Fe concentration closer to the surface is observed. The Fe redistribution towards the surface increases as the ion fluence increases. Our findings are attributed to radiation enhanced diffusion during ion implantation and increasing of Fe diffusivity in the implantation-induced amorphous phase near the surface.

  • 24.
    Banan, Behnam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Liboiron-Ladouceur, Odile
    Investigation of Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polariton Propagation in a Multi-layer Structure2010In: 2010 23RD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY, NEW YORK: IEEE , 2010, p. 287-288Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We theoretically demonstrate the propagation of long-range surface plasmon polariton (LR-SPP) with higher mode confinement at 1.55 mu m. The multi-layer structure surrounds a 10 nm thick gold strip waveguide with a width of 2 mu m.

  • 25. Bandelow, U.
    et al.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Wunsche, H. -J
    A correct single-mode photon rate equation for multisection lasers1996In: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, ISSN 1041-1135, E-ISSN 1941-0174, Vol. 8, p. 614-616Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is shown that not the photon number but photon number divided by the square root of the excess factor of spontaneous emission must be used in the photon rate equation for single-mode lasers when the longitudinal field distribution changes with time. The importance of using the correct dynamic quantity is illustrated with two examples.

  • 26.
    Belete, Melkamu
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Fabrication and Characterization of Tunneling Oxides on Graphene2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Graphene base transistors (GBTs) are known to be novel devices mingling outstanding properties of graphene, with the concept of hot electron transistors (HETs). According to theoretical calculations, GBTs were predicted to have over 5 orders of magnitude ON/OFF current ratios and THz frequency range operations. This would in fact lead to potential applications in high speed radio frequency (RF) analog devices. Recently, GBTs’ high gain and more than 4 orders of magnitude ON/OFF current ratios have been experimentally proven. However, GBTs still need further improvements before they can be applied in real electronics devices; and that can be done through thickness and barrier height optimization of the tunneling barrier. In this thesis project, we have studied various gate dielectrics for potential applications as tunneling barriers in GBTs. To accomplish this study, we have gone through two rounds of successful cleanroom fabrication processes, where we fabricated fully functional devices. During the first round, we have developed seven different capacitor structures on 4 inch Si wafers with ALD deposited: Al2O3, TiO2, HfO2, “Al2O3+TiO2 mix”, SiO2/HfO2 stack, SiO2/Al2O3 stack and thermally grown SiO2 dielectrics. Whereas in the second batch, BG-GFET structures were fabricated on chip level, with: 2nm SiO2, 5nm SiO2, 10nm SiO2, (2nm/4.2nm) SiO2/HfO2, (2nm/4.5nm) SiO2/”Al2O3+TiO2 mix”, 6nm “Al2O3+TiO2 mix” and 6.6nm TiO2 bottom gates, onto which a single layer graphene was transferred. We have also carried out electrical characterizations of these successfully fabricated devices and making use the encouraging results obtained, we have investigated the associated current injection mechanisms across each barrier

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  • 27.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Emmoth, Birger
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Petersson, P.
    Possnert, Göran
    Coad, J. P.
    Likonen, J.
    Renvall, T.
    Nuclear reaction analysis with ion microbeam of cross sections of surface layers deposited in a tokamak divertor2007In: Journal of Nuclear Materials, ISSN 0022-3115, E-ISSN 1873-4820, Vol. 362, no 03-feb, p. 215-221Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ion micro beam analysis has been applied to the investigation of plasma deposited layers covering the divertor tiles in the JET tokamak. Since the layers are about 100 mu m thick they are too thick to be completely investigated by ordinary ion beam analysis. Cross sections of the layers were prepared by cutting and polishing. Elemental depth profiles were determined from the two dimensional images that could be derived by nuclear reaction analysis and resonant backscattering spectrometry, using ion beams focused to a few mu m spot size. A combination of analysis methods are shown, which allow measurements of the concentration profiles of carbon, beryllium, deuterium, oxygen and stainless steel components at levels of a few percent, with an accuracy better than 10%.

  • 28.
    Berrier, Audrey
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    InP-based photonic crystals: Processing, Material properties and Dispersion effects2008Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Photonic crystals (PhCs) are periodic dielectric structures that exhibit a photonic bandgap, i.e., a range of wavelength for which light propagation is forbidden. The special band structure related dispersion properties offer a realm of novel functionalities and interesting physical phenomena. PhCs have been manufactured using semiconductors and other material technologies. However, InP-based materials are the main choice for active devices at optical communication wavelengths. This thesis focuses on two-dimensional PhCs in the InP/GaInAsP/InP material system and addresses their fabrication technology and their physical properties covering both material issues and light propagation aspects.

    Ar/Cl2 chemically assisted ion beam etching was used to etch the photonic crystals. The etching characteristics including feature size dependent etching phenomena were experimentally determined and the underlying etching mechanisms are explained. For the etched PhC holes, aspect ratios around 20 were achieved, with a maximum etch depth of 5 microns for a hole diameter of 300 nm. Optical losses in photonic crystal devices were addressed both in terms of vertical confinement and hole shape and depth. The work also demonstrated that dry etching has a major impact on the properties of the photonic crystal material. The surface Fermi level at the etched hole sidewalls was found to be pinned at 0.12 eV below the conduction band minimum. This is shown to have important consequences on carrier transport. It is also found that, for an InGaAsP quantum well, the surface recombination velocity increases (non-linearly) by more than one order of magnitude as the etch duration is increased, providing evidence for accumulation of sidewall damage. A model based on sputtering theory is developed to qualitatively explain the development of damage.

    The physics of dispersive phenomena in PhC structures is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Negative refraction was experimentally demonstrated at optical wavelengths, and applied for light focusing. Fourier optics was used to experimentally explore the issue of coupling to Bloch modes inside the PhC slab and to experimentally determine the curvature of the band structure. Finally, dispersive phenomena were used in coupled-cavity waveguides to achieve a slow light regime with a group index of more than 180 and a group velocity dispersion up to 10^7 times that of a conventional fiber.

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  • 29.
    Berrier, Audrey
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Ferrini, R.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Optoelect & Mat Mol.
    Talneau, A.
    CNRS, LPN.
    Houdré, R.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Photon Elect Quant.
    Anand, Srinivasan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Impact of feature-size dependent etching on the optical properties of photonic crystal devices2008In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 103, no 9, p. 096106-1-096106-3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Feature size dependence in Ar/Cl-2 chemically assisted ion beam etching of InP-based photonic crystals (PhCs) and its influence on the optical properties of PhC devices operating in the band gap are investigated. The analysis of the measured quality factors, the determined mirror reflectivities, and losses of one-dimensional Fabry-Perot cavities clearly demonstrates the importance of feature-size dependent etching. The optical properties show a dramatic improvement up to a hole depth of about 3.5 mu m that is primarily due to a significant reduction in extrinsic losses. However, beyond this hole depth, the improvement is at a lower rate, which suggests that extrinsic losses, although present, are not dominant.

  • 30.
    Berrier, Audrey
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Mulot, Mikaël
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Anand, Srinivasan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Talneau, A.
    CNRS, LPN.
    Ferrini, R.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Optoelect Mat Mol.
    Houdre, R.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Photon & Elect Quant.
    Characterization of the feature-size dependence in Ar/Cl2 chemically assisted ion beam etching of InP-based photonic crystal devices2007In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, ISSN 1071-1023, E-ISSN 1520-8567, Vol. 25, no 1, p. 1-10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The authors address feature-size dependence in Ar/Cl-2, chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE) in the context of the fabrication of photonic crystal (PhC) structures. They systematically investigate the influence of various parameters such as hole diameter (115-600 nm), etch duration (10-60 min), and ion beam energy (300-600 eV) on PhC etching in InP with Ar/Cl-2, CAIBE. For a 60 min etching at an Ar-ion energy of 400 eV, the authors report an etch depth of 5 mu m for hole diameters d larger than 300 nm; the etch depth is in excess of 3 mu m for d larger than 200 nm. The evolution of roughness at the bottom of the etched holes and its dependence on hole size and etching conditions,is discussed. The physical mechanism of the observed feature-size dependent etching (FSDE) is then discussed and the effect of the process parameters is qualitatively understood using a model combining the effect of ion sputtering and surface chemical reactions. Finally, the effect of FSDE on the PhC optical properties is assessed by measuring the quality factor of one-dimensional Fabry-Perot PhC cavities. The measured quality factors show a clear trend with the etch depth: the cavity Q increases as the etch depth increases.

  • 31.
    Berrier, Audrey
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Mulot, Mikaël
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Malm, Gunnar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Östling, Mikael
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Anand, Srinivasan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Carrier transport through a dry-etched InP-based two-dimensional photonic crystal2007In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 101, no 12, p. 123101-1-123101-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The electrical conduction across a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) fabricated by Ar/Cl-2 chemically assisted ion beam etching in n-doped InP is influenced by the surface potential of the hole sidewalls, modified by dry etching. Carrier transport across photonic crystal fields with different lattice parameters is investigated. For a given lattice period the PhC resistivity increases with the air fill factor and for a given air fill factor it increases as the lattice period is reduced. The measured current-voltage characteristics show clear ohmic behavior at lower voltages followed by current saturation at higher voltages. This behavior is confirmed by finite element ISE TCAD (TM) simulations. The observed current saturation is attributed to electric-field-induced saturation of the electron drift velocity. From the measured and simulated conductance for the different PhC fields we show that it is possible to determine the sidewall depletion region width and hence the surface potential. We find that at the hole sidewalls the etching induces a Fermi level pinning at about 0.12 eV below the conduction band edge, a value much lower than the bare InP surface potential. The results indicate that for n-InP the volume available for conduction in the etched PhCs approaches the geometrically defined volume as the doping is increased.

  • 32.
    Berrier, Audrey
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Shi, Yaocheng
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Zhejiang-KTH Joint Research Center of Photonics, JORCEP.
    Marcinkevicius, Saulius
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    He, Sailing
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Zhejiang-KTH Joint Research Center of Photonics, JORCEP.
    Anand, Srinivasan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Development of damage and its impact on surface recombination velocities in dry-etched InP-based photonic crystalsManuscript (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Berrier, Audrey
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Shi, Yaocheng
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Zhejiang-KTH Joint Research Center of Photonics, JORCEP.
    Siegert, Jörg
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Marcinkevicius, Saulius
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    He, Sailing
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Zhejiang-KTH Joint Research Center of Photonics, JORCEP.
    Anand, Srinivasan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Evidence for accumulated sidewall damage in dry etched photonic crystals2008In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Berrier, Audrey
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Shi, Yaocheng
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Siegert, Jörg
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Marcinkevicius, Saulius
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    He, Sailing
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Electromagnetic Engineering.
    Srinivasan, Anand
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Semiconductor Materials, HMA.
    Impact of dry-etching induced damage in InP-based photonic crystals2008In: PHOTONIC CRYSTAL MATERIALS AND DEVICES VIII, 2008, Vol. 6989, p. U9890-U9890Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work variations of the carrier lifetime in a GaInAsP/InP quantum well in two-dimensional PhC structures etched by Ar/Cl-2 chemically assisted ion beam etching as a function of the processing parameters is investigated. It is shown that the deposition conditions of the SiO2 mask material and its coverage as well as other process steps such as annealing affect the carrier lifetimes. However the impact of patterning the semiconductor on the carrier lifetime is dominant, showing over an order of magnitude reduction. For given PhC lattice parameters, the sidewall damage is shown to be directly related to the measured carrier lifetimes. A simple qualitative model based on sputtering theory and assuming a conical hole-shape development during etching is used to explain the experimental results.

  • 35.
    Berrier, Audrey
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Swillo, Marcin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Le Thomas, N.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Photon & Elect Quant.
    Houdré, R.
    Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Photon & Elect Quant.
    Anand, Srinivasan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Bloch mode excitation in two-dimensional photonic crystals imaged by Fourier optics2009In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 79, no 16, p. 165116-1-165116-6Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Coupling into the Bloch modes of a two-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) field is investigated by Fourier optics. The PhC was designed to operate in the second band above the air-light line, close to the autocollimation regime for TE polarization. The sample was fabricated in an InP-based heterostructure and an access ridge waveguide provides in-plane excitation of the PhC. The spatial Fourier transform of the field maps obtained from finite-difference time-domain simulations and those calculated by plane-wave expansion are compared to the experimentally obtained equifrequency surfaces (EFS). The shape of the imaged EFS and its variation with the excitation wavelength is shown to be consistent with the theoretical simulations. Finally, the results indicate that if combined with different excitation geometries, Fourier optics can be a powerful technique to assess photonic crystal devices and to design efficient structures.

  • 36.
    Björk, Gunnar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Romero, Jose L.
    Klimov, Andrei B.
    Sanchez-Soto, Luis L.
    Mutually unbiased bases and discrete Wigner functions2007In: Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical physics, ISSN 0740-3224, E-ISSN 1520-8540, Vol. 24, no 2, p. 371-378Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mutually unbiased bases and discrete Wigner functions are closely but not uniquely related. Such a connection becomes more interesting when the Hilbert space has a dimension that is a power of a prime N=d(n), which describes a composite system of n qudits. Hence, entanglement naturally enters the picture. Although our results are general, we concentrate on the simplest nontrivial example of dimension N=8=2(3). It is shown that the number of fundamentally different Wigner functions is severely limited if one simultaneously imposes translational covariance and that the generating operators consist of rotations around two orthogonal axes, acting on the individual qubits only.

  • 37.
    Blom, Hans
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Bark, Niklas
    Gösch, Michael
    Henriksson, Per
    Sigmundsson, Toni
    Björk, Gunnar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Rigler, Rudolf
    Analysis of amyloid β-peptides in fluid microchannelsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Blom, Hans
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Björk, Gunnar
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Lorentzian spatial intensity distribution in one-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy2009In: Applied Optics, ISSN 1559-128X, E-ISSN 2155-3165, Vol. 48, no 31, p. 6050-6058Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The theory of autocorrelation-function evaluation in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is applied to a Lorentzian intensity distribution. An analytical solution to the autocorrelation function for diffusion is deduced for this spatial distribution. Experimental investigation of the distribution is performed using an enlarged detector aperture in a standard confocal setup. The data from the experiment are fitted to the derived autocorrelation function, and a reasonable estimate of the spatial distribution is provided. Estimates are also compared to values computed by molecular detection efficiency simulation. The use of Lorentzian intensity distributions complements conditions where a Gaussian intensity distribution applies, expanding the applicability range of analytical correlation functions.

  • 39. BOG, T
    et al.
    MUSSMANN, L
    LINDNER, D
    VOTSMEIER, M
    FEGER, M
    LOX, E
    KREUZER, T
    Muhammed, Mamoud
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    ADAMOPOULOS, O
    Oxygen storage material production useful in exhaust gas cleaning catalyst, involves mixing aqueous solution of cerium oxide precursor with aqueous solution of precursor of oxide of metal, and adding first precipitation agent to mixture.2003Patent (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    NOVELTY - Oxygen storage material production comprises mixing aqueous solution of cerium oxide precursor with aqueous solution of precursor of oxide of metal to form mixture, adding first precipitation agent to mixture to form aqueous suspension containing precipitate, separating precipitate from suspension, drying and calcining precipitate. The oxygen storage material comprises cerium oxide and second oxide of a metal. The metal is alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, zirconium, zinc, cobalt, copper and/or manganese. USE - The method is useful for producing oxygen storage material useful in exhaust gas cleaning catalyst for purifying exhaust gases of internal combustion engines especially of stoichiometrically operated otto engines. ADVANTAGE - The method provides catalyst that shows excellent activity for purifying harmful pollutant like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons. The oxygen storage materials are able to store oxygen in oxidizing atmosphere or release oxygen under reducing conditions, respectively. The oxygen storage material has high specific surface area after thermal aging and improved oxygen storage and release capacity under dynamic exhaust conditions. The storage material shows unprecedented high oxygen storage capacity and excellent dynamic properties with respect to oxygen storage and release compared to conventional materials. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows setup of precipitation reactor. Precipitation reactor (1) Hydrolysis reactor (2) Tubular flow reactor (3) Precipitation solution (4) Feed (5) Mixer (7) Ph meter (8)

  • 40.
    Bonanni, Valentina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Fang, Yeyu
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Dumas, Randy K.
    Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Zha, Chaolin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Bonetti, Stefano
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Nogués, Josep
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    First-order reversal curve analysis of graded anisotropy FePtCu films2010In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 97, no 20, p. 202501-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The reversal mechanisms of graded anisotropy FePtCu films have been investigated by alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM) and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements with first-order reversal curve (FORC) techniques. The AGM-FORC analysis, which clearly shows the presence of soft and hard components, is unable to resolve how these phases are distributed throughout the film thickness. MOKE-FORC measurements, which preferentially probe the surface of the film, reveal that the soft components are indeed located toward the top surface. Combining AGM-FORC with the inherent surface sensitivity of MOKE-FORC analysis allows for a comprehensive analysis of heterogeneous systems such as graded materials.

  • 41.
    Bonetti, Stefano
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics.
    Kim, Jang-Yong
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Khartsev, Sergiy
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Grishin, Alexander
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Buried tantalate-niobate microwave varactors2007In: 2006 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, 2007, p. 347-350Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present characteristics of microwave variable capacitors (varactors) buried in 2.5 mu m thick AgTa0.5Nb0.5O3 (ATN) film pulsed laser deposited on sapphire single crystal. 2 gm gap interdigital capacitors (IDC) were fabricated by photolithographic, dry etching and lift-off processes. For comparison, similar IDCs were also defined on top of ATN film. Capacitance and loss tangent have been determined using a modified de-embedding technique in the microwave range 25 MHz - 40 GHz. Buried structures show higher values of capacitance and tunability, keeping the same level of losses compared to standard topped devices and resulting in an increased K-factor = tunability/tan delta. Experimental results are explained within equivalent circuit model. Besides the increased performance, the new design avoids the need of a successive planarization step, which could be required in an integration process.

  • 42.
    Bonetti, Stefano
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Muduli, Pranaba
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Mancoff, Fred
    Åkerman, Johan
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Spin torque oscillator frequency versus magnetic field angle: The prospect of operation beyond 65 GHz2009In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 94, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the impact of the magnetic field angle on the oscillation frequency of a nanocontact spin torque oscillator (STO) in magnetic fields up to 2.1 T. A model based on a single nonlinear, nonpropagating spin wave mode is found to explain the experimental data. We observe oscillation frequencies as high as 46 GHz in high magnetic fields applied normal to the film plane, and we are able to extrapolate the maximum expected operating frequency to beyond 65 GHz for in-plane magnetic fields. The STO signal remains surprisingly strong at these conditions, which opens up for possible millimeter-wave applications.

  • 43. Bratkovsky, A. M.
    et al.
    Ponizovskaya, E.
    Kim, E.
    Wu, W.
    Shen, Y. R.
    Wang, S. Y.
    Thylén, Lars
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Properties of nanostructured metamaterials at optical frequencies2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A variety of metamaterials has been demonstrated recently that support backward waves and negative refraction (Negative Index Materials, NIM.) In particular, these materials enable sub-wavelength resolution that makes them even more interesting, especially in optical domain rather than at microwave frequencies where their unusual properties were known for decades. We describe below theoretical and experimental studies of the so-called 'fishnet' metal-spacer holearray metamaterials, which exhibit NIM behavior at optical frequencies, having unit cell size of a few 100s nm. We demonstrate experimentally that their refractive index can be modulated very fast and very strongly (from -2.4 to -1.5) around the communication wavelength of =1.55 um, in good agreement with the FDTD results. We also discuss a problem of loss compensation in those materials with hefty Ohmic losses by using gain media and local field enhancement in metallic nanoparticles ensembles that enable SERS.

  • 44.
    Brena, Barbara
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Palmgren, Pål
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Nilson, Katharina
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Hennies, F.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Önsten, Anneli
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Månsson, Martin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    InSb-TiOPc interfaces: Band alignment, ordering and structure dependent HOMO splitting2009In: Surface Science, ISSN 0039-6028, E-ISSN 1879-2758, Vol. 603, no 20, p. 3160-3169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thin films of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) have been adsorbed on InSb(1 1 1) (3 x 3) and InSb(1 0 0) c(8 x 2) surfaces and studied with respect to their electronic structure using photoemission (PES), density functional theory (DFT) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The interface chemical interaction is weak in both cases; no adsorbate induced surface band bending is observed and the energy level alignment across the interface is determined by the original position of the substrate Fermi level and the charge neutrality level of the molecule. Room temperature adsorption results in disordered films on both surfaces. The behaviors after annealing are different; on InSb(1 0 0) well-ordered molecular chains form along and on top of the In-rows, whereas on (1 1 1) no long range order is observed. The disorder leads to intermolecular interactions between the titanyl group and neighboring benzene rings leading to a split of TiOPc HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) by as much as 0.8 eV.

  • 45.
    Bruhn, Benjamin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Fabrication and characterization of single luminescing quantum dots from 1D silicon nanostructures2012Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Silicon as a mono-crystalline bulk semiconductor is today the predominant material in many integrated electronic and photovoltaic applications. This has not been the case in lighting technology, since due to its indirect bandgap nature bulk silicon is an inherently poor light emitter.With the discovery of efficient light emission from silicon nanostructures, great new interest arose and research in this area increased dramatically.However, despite more than two decades of research on silicon nanocrystals and nanowires, not all aspects of their light emission mechanisms and optical properties are well understood, yet.There is great potential for a range of applications, such as light conversion (phosphor substitute), emission (LEDs) and harvesting (solar cells), but for efficient implementation the underlying mechanisms have to be unveiled and understood.Investigation of single quantum emitters enable proper understanding and modeling of the nature and correlation of different optical, electrical and geometric properties.In large numbers, such sets of experiments ensure statistical significance. These two objectives can best be met when a large number of luminescing nanostructures are placed in a pattern that can easily be navigated with different measurement methods.This thesis presents a method for the (optional) simultaneous fabrication of luminescent zero- and one-dimensional silicon nanostructuresand deals with their structural and optical characterization.Nanometer-sized silicon walls are defined by electron beam lithography and plasma etching. Subsequent oxidation in the self-limiting regime reduces the size of the silicon core unevenly and passivates it with a thermal oxide layer.Depending on the oxidation time, nanowires, quantum dots or a mixture of both types of structures can be created.While electron microscopy yields structural information, different photoluminescence measurements, such as time-integrated and time-resolved imaging, spectral imaging, lifetime measurements and absorption and emission polarization measurements, are used to gain knowledge about optical properties and light emission mechanisms in single silicon nanocrystals.The fabrication method used in this thesis yields a large number of spatially separated luminescing quantum dots randomly distributed along a line, or a slightly smaller number that can be placed at well-defined coordinates. Single dot measurements can be performed even with an optical microscope and the pattern, in which the nanostructures are arranged, enables the experimenter to easily find the same individual dot in different measurements.Spectral measurements on the single dot level reveal information about processes that are involved in the photoluminescence of silicon nanoparticles and yield proof for the atomic-like quantized nature of energy levels in the conduction and valence band, as evidenced by narrow luminescence lines (~500 µeV) at low temperature. Analysis of the blinking sheds light on the charging mechanisms of oxide-capped Si-QDs and, by exposing exponential on- and off-time distributions instead of the frequently observed power law distributions, argues in favor of the absence of statistical aging. Experiments probing the emission intensity as a function of excitation power suggest that saturation is not achieved. Both absorption and emission of silicon nanocrystals contained in a one-dimensional silicon dioxide matrix are polarized to a high degree. Many of the results obtained in this work seem to strengthen the arguments that oxide-capped silicon quantum dots have universal properties, independently of the fabrication method, and that the greatest differences between individual nanocrystals are indeed caused by individual factors like local environment, shape and size (among others).

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  • 46.
    Chacinski, Marek
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics.
    Berggren, Jesper
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics.
    Kjebon, Olle
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Sundgren, Petrus
    Marcks von Würtemberg, Rikard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    1.3 um InGaAs VCSELs: Influence of the Large Gain-Cavity Detuning on the Modulation and Static Performance2004In: Proc. of 30th European Conference on Optical Communication 2004, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Chacinski, Marek
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Kista Photonics Research Center, KPRC. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Djupsjoebacka, Anders
    Westergren, Urban
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Kista Photonics Research Center, KPRC.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Kista Photonics Research Center, KPRC.
    Fonjallaz, Pierre-Yves
    Tipsuwannakul, Ekawit
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Centres, Kista Photonics Research Center, KPRC. KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics.
    Udvary, Eszter
    400km Transmission of STM-16 Data on Baseband and DVBT on 40GHz Subcarrier2008In: 2008 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2, NEW YORK: IEEE , 2008, p. 350-352Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A 400 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) link with a single light-intensity modulator was upgraded for simultaneous transmission of STM-16 2.5Gbps baseband data and Digital-Video-Broadcast-Terrestrial DVBT utilizing a 40GHz subcarrier. An optical circulator and narrowband fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) were used to separate the signals in the optical domain and allow for simple direct baseband detection of both.

  • 48.
    Chacinski, Marek G.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics.
    Isaksson, Mats
    Kjebon, Olle
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics.
    Wang, Qin
    Effects of detuned loading on the modulation performance of widely tunable MG-Y lasers2008In: Semiconductor Lasers And Laser Dynamics III / [ed] Panajotov, KP; Sciamanna, M; Valle, AA; Michalzik, R, 2008, Vol. 6997, p. 99709-99709Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Detuning Loading Effect, i.e., the effects of the modulation performance on the position of the lasing mode relative to the Bragg reflection peak, is investigated in a Modulated Grating Y-branch laser. By proper adjustment of the lasing mode position, simultaneous chirp reduction and modulation bandwidth enhancement can be obtained. The lasing mode position is also crucial for side mode suppression ratio and output power.

  • 49.
    Chacinski, Marek
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics, Photonics.
    Impact of losses in the Bragg section on the dynamics of detuned loaded DBR lasers2010In: IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, ISSN 0018-9197, E-ISSN 1558-1713, Vol. 46, no 9, p. 1360-1367Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The dynamics of a distributed Bragg reflector laser with optical losses in the Bragg section is studied in detail. It is found that the modulation response depends not only on the detuning of the lasing wavelength from the Bragg reflectivity peak but also on the magnitude of the waveguide losses in the Bragg section. Depending on the losses, the damping of the relaxation peak can either increase or decrease when the laser is detuned on the long wavelength flank of the Bragg peak. Hence, in order to achieve maximum modulation bandwidth of the laser, the laser needs not only to have the correct detuning but also an optimized waveguide loss in the Bragg section. The physical reason for this dependence is discussed in terms of a modified rate equation model.

  • 50.
    Chacinski, Marek
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Schatz, Richard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics.
    Kjebon, Olle
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Marcks von Würtemberg, Rickard
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Mogg, Sebastian
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Sundgren, Petrus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Berggren, Jesper
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Single-mode 1.27 μm InGaAs vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers with temperature-tolerant modulation characteristics2005In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 86, no 21, p. 211109-1-211109-3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The dynamic performance of InGaAs/GaAs 1.27 μ m single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented. In order to reach such a long wavelength, the devices utilize highly strained double-quantum wells and a large detuning between the material gain peak and cavity resonance. It is found that the large detuning improves the temperature stability of both static and modulation characteristics. A resonance frequency of 7.8-9.5 GHz and optical power of 0.30 mW in fiber was maintained throughout the investigated temperature range of 20-90 ° C. The intrinsic response of the device suggests that long-wavelength InGaAs/GaAs VCSELs have the potential to be used as low cost uncooled optical transmitters at 10 Gbit/s. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.

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