kth.sePublications
Change search
Refine search result
123 1 - 50 of 147
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Andersson, Richard
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Cabedo, L.
    Hedenqvist, Mikael
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Olsson, Richard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Superparamagnetic [sic] nanofibers by electrospinning2016In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 6, no 26, p. 21413-21422Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The preparation of superparamagnetic thin fibers by electrospinning dispersions of nanosized magnetite (Fe3O4, SPIO/USPIO) in a PMMA/PEO polymer solution is reported. The saturation magnetization and coercivity were not affected by the concentration (0, 1, 10, 20 wt%) or fiber orientation, showing hysteresis loops with high magnetization (64 A m(2) kg(-1) @ 500 kA m(-1)) and record low coercivity (20 A m(-1)). AC susceptibility measurements vs. temperature at frequencies from 60 to 2 kHz confirmed superparamagnetism. The mechanical properties were only slightly dependent on the particle concentration because the nanoparticles were separately encapsulated by the polymer. A uniform fibre fracture cross section was found at all the investigated particle contents, which suggests a strong interaction at the polymer/particle interface. A theoretical value of the magnetic low field susceptibility was calculated from the Langevin function and compared with measured values. The results show a distinct but concentration-independent anisotropy, favoring magnetization along the fiber orientation with no sign of exchange interaction, explained by complete nanoparticle separation. Superparamagnetism cannot be inferred from particle size alone, so a relevant interpretation and criterion for superparamagnetism is presented, in accordance with Neel's original definition. From the measurements, it can be concluded that magnetic characterization can be used to elucidate the material morphology beyond the resolution of available microscopy techniques (TEM and SEM).

  • 2.
    Andersson, Richard L.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Gedde, Ulf W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Mallon, Peter E.
    Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Olsson, Richard T.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Micromechanics of ultra-toughened electrospun PMMA/PEO fibres as revealed by in-situ tensile testing in an electron microscope2014In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 4, p. 6335-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A missing cornerstone in the development of tough micro/nano fibre systems is an understanding of the fibre failure mechanisms, which stems from the limitation in observing the fracture of objects with dimensions one hundredth of the width of a hair strand. Tensile testing in the electron microscope is herein adopted to reveal the fracture behaviour of a novel type of toughened electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene oxide) fibre mats for biomedical applications. These fibres showed a toughness more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of pristine PMMA fibres. The in-situ microscopy revealed that the toughness were not only dependent on the initial molecular alignment after spinning, but also on the polymer formulation that could promote further molecular orientation during the formation of micro/nano-necking. The true fibre strength was greater than 150 MPa, which was considerably higher than that of the unmodified PMMA (17 MPa). This necking phenomenon was prohibited by high aspect ratio cellulose nanocrystal fillers in the ultra-tough fibres, leading to a decrease in toughness by more than one order of magnitude. The reported necking mechanism may have broad implications also within more traditional melt-spinning research.

  • 3. Araujo, C. Moyses
    et al.
    Nagar, Sandeep
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Ramzan, Muhammad
    Shukla, R.
    Jayakumar, O. D.
    Tyagi, A. K.
    Liu, Yi-Sheng
    Chen, Jeng-Lung
    Glans, Per-Anders
    Chang, Chinglin
    Blomqvist, Andreas
    Lizarraga, Raquel
    Holmström, Erik
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Guo, Jinghua
    Ahuja, Rajeev
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Disorder-induced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Glassy Chromites2014In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 4, p. 4686-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report an unusual robust ferromagnetic order above room temperature upon amorphization of perovskite [YCrO3] in pulsed laser deposited thin films. This is contrary to the usual expected formation of a spin glass magnetic state in the resulting disordered structure. To understand the underlying physics of this phenomenon, we combine advanced spectroscopic techniques and first-principles calculations. We find that the observed order-disorder transformation is accompanied by an insulator-metal transition arising from a wide distribution of Cr-O-Cr bond angles and the consequent metallization through free carriers. Similar results also found in YbCrO3-films suggest that the observed phenomenon is more general and should, in principle, apply to a wider range of oxide systems. The ability to tailor ferromagnetic order above room temperature in oxide materials opens up many possibilities for novel technological applications of this counter intuitive effect.

  • 4.
    Araujo, C. Moysés
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Kapilashrami, Mukes
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Jun, Xu
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Jayakumar, Onattu D.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Nagar, Sandeep
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Wu, Yan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Århammar, Cecilia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Ahuja, Rajeev
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Gehring, Gillian A.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Room temperature ferromagnetism in pristine MgO thin films2010In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 96, no 23Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Robust ferromagnetic ordering at, and well above room temperature is observed in pure transparent MgO thin films (<170 nm thick) deposited by three different techniques. Careful study of the wide scan x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy rule out the possible presence of any magnetic contaminants. In the magnetron sputtered films, we observe magnetic phase transitions as a function of film thickness. The maximum saturation magnetization of 5.7 emu/cm(3) is measured on a 170 nm thick film. The films above 500 nm are found to be diamagnetic. Ab initio calculations suggest that the ferromagnetism is mediated by cation vacancies.

  • 5. Bagchi, S.
    et al.
    Tomenius, H.
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Ausmees, N.
    Intermediate filament-like proteins in bacteria and a cytoskeletal function in Streptomyces2008In: Molecular Microbiology, ISSN 0950-382X, E-ISSN 1365-2958, Vol. 70, no 4, p. 1037-1050Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Actin and tubulin cytoskeletons are conserved and widespread in bacteria. A strikingly intermediate filament (IF)-like cytoskeleton, composed of crescentin, is also present in Caulobacter crescentus and determines its specific cell shape. However, the broader significance of this finding remained obscure, because crescentin appeared to be unique to Caulobacter. Here we demonstrate that IF-like function is probably a more widespread phenomenon in bacteria. First, we show that 21 genomes of 26 phylogenetically diverse species encoded uncharacterized proteins with a central segmented coiled coil rod domain, which we regarded as a key structural feature of IF proteins and crescentin. Experimental studies of three in silico predicted candidates from Mycobacterium and other actinomycetes revealed a common IF-like property to spontaneously assemble into filaments in vitro. Furthermore, the IF-like protein FilP formed cytoskeletal structures in the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor and was needed for normal growth and morphogenesis. Atomic force microscopy of living cells revealed that the FilP cytoskeleton contributed to mechanical fitness of the hyphae, thus closely resembling the function of metazoan IF. Together, the bioinformatic and experimental data suggest that an IF-like protein architecture is a versatile design that is generally present in bacteria and utilized to perform diverse cytoskeletal tasks.

  • 6.
    Belova, Liubov M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Hellwig, Olav
    Dobisz, Elizabeth
    Dahlberg, E. Dan
    Rapid preparation of electron beam induced deposition Co magnetic force microscopy tips with 10 nm spatial resolution2012In: Review of Scientific Instruments, ISSN 0034-6748, E-ISSN 1089-7623, Vol. 83, no 9, p. 093711-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic force microscope Co spike tips with lateral magnetic resolution of 10 nm have been prepared. The Co spikes are grown by electron beam induced deposition of Co from Co-2(CO)(8) gas precursor. The high resolution Co spikes are fabricated at the spot of a tightly focused electron beam on the tip of commercial atomic force microscope cantilevers. Qualitative investigations indicate that a spike grown on a planar base of Co improves the signal to noise.

  • 7.
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Dahlberg, E. D.
    Riazanova, Anastasia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Mulders, J. J. L.
    Christophersen, C.
    Eckert, J.
    Rapid electron beam assisted patterning of pure cobalt at elevated temperatures via seeded growth2011In: Nanotechnology, ISSN 0957-4484, E-ISSN 1361-6528, Vol. 22, no 14, p. 145305-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new method of direct, rapid nano- to micro-scale patterning of high purity cobalt is presented. The method utilizes a combination of electron beam induced deposition (EBID) and seeded growth at elevated temperatures below the temperature of spontaneous thermal decomposition. Dicobalt octacarbonyl Co-2(CO)(8) is used as the precursor and carbon as a seed layer. Seeded deposition is carried out in the substrate temperature range from 55 to 75 degrees C. Deposition yield is significantly higher than conventional EBID and magnetotransport measurements indicate that resistivity, 22 mu Omega cm, and saturation magnetization, 1.55 T, are much closer to the corresponding values for bulk Co than those for standard EBID.

  • 8. Bhatt, P.
    et al.
    Kanciurzewska, A.
    Carlegrim, E.
    Kapilashrami, Mukes
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Fahlman, M.
    Ferromagnetism above room temperature in nickel-tetracyanoethylene thin films2009In: Journal of Materials Chemistry, ISSN 0959-9428, E-ISSN 1364-5501, Vol. 19, no 36, p. 6610-6615Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Room temperature ferromagnetic ordering is reported in Ni-tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) thin films fabricated on Au substrates using physical vapor deposition (PVD) under ultra high vacuum conditions. This technique enables the preparation of very clean films without having any kind of contamination from oxygen-containing species, solvents or precursor molecules. Film stoichiometry was obtained from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. XPS derived stoichiometry points to a similar to 1 : 2 ratio between Ni and TCNE resulting in Ni(TCNE)(x), x approximate to 2. No evidence of pure Ni metal in the in situ grown films was present in the XPS or the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements within the detection limits of the techniques.

  • 9.
    Biswas, Anis
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Shirong, Wang
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Nagar, Sandeep
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Belova, Liubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    The effect of oxygen partial pressure during deposition in the magnetic properties of ZnO thin film2011In: Mater Res Soc Symp Proc, 2011, p. 117-122Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied the magnetic properties of 100 nm thick ZnO thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering in different oxygen partial pressures (ratio of oxygen pressure to total pressure in deposition chamber, P Oxy). Only the films fabricated at P Oxy below ∼ 0.5 show room temperature ferromagnetism. The saturation magnetization at room temperature is initially found to increase as P Oxy increases and reaches maximum value of ∼ 5 emu/gm at P Oxy ∼ 0.3 and then starts to decrease and becomes diamagnetic for P Oxy &gt; 0.5. From small angle XRD study of structural properties of the films, we find that the lattice stress developed in the film along c-axis also exhibits a similar behavior with the variation of P Oxy. Thus, both the room temperature ferromagnetism and lattice stress appear to originate from the intrinsic defects present in the sample.

  • 10. Chawla, Amit Kumar
    et al.
    Singhal, Sonal
    Nagar, Sandeep
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Gupta, Hari Om
    Chandra, Ramesh
    Study of composition dependent structural, optical, and magnetic properties of Cu-doped Zn1-xCdxS nanoparticles2010In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 108, no 12, p. 123519-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cu-doped Zn1-xCdxS nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation technique in ice bath at 280 K. The band gap energy of Zn1-xCdxS:Cu nanoparticles can be tuned to a lower energy by increasing the Cd content, indicating the formation of the alloyed nanoparticles. The alloy structure is further supported by the systematic shifting of characteristic x-ray diffraction peaks to lower angles with increase in Cd content. Systematic copper doping induces a red shift in the energy band gap of Zn0.9Cd0.1S:Cu nanoparticles with increase in copper concentration. Cu-doped Zn0.9Cd0.1S nanoparticles were found to have ferromagnetic nature at 5 K whereas undoped particles were found to be diamagnetic. Green luminescence further proves proper doping of Cu into the ZnCdS matrix. It is believed that the green luminescence originates from the recombination between the shallow donor level (sulfur vacancy) and the t(2) level of Cu2+. This method provides an inexpensive and simple procedure to produce ternary ZnCdS: Cu nanoparticles with tunable optical properties via changing Cd and/or Cu concentrations.

  • 11. Chen, J.
    et al.
    Lindberg, F.
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Forssgren, B.
    Gott, K.
    Lejon, J.
    Jasiulevicius, A.
    High resolution electron microscopy study on oxide films formed on nickel-base Alloys X-750, 182 and 82 in simulated high flow velocity BWR water conditions2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work contributes to characterization of the oxide films formed on nickel-base alloys (Alloy X-750, Alloy 82 and Alloy 182) under simulated BWR water environments at ∼10 or 18 m/s with or without iron injection. HR SEM/TEM and FIB techniques were applied. The oxide thicknesses on different alloys were substantially different, ranging from 50 nm to 8 μm. For Alloy X-750 and Alloy 182 exposed without iron injection, similar oxide phase compositions consisting of sub-micron Fe2O3 and NiFe 2O4 grains as well as NiO were formed but with substantially different microstructures. For the corroded Alloy X-750 there was an additional dense layer of possibly Ni1.5Cr0.5O 3 in between the NiFe2O4 and NiO layers. On Alloy 82 which contained a relatively low Fe-content only a thin but dense film of Cr1.3Fe0.7O3 was seen. With iron injection the oxide films formed on Alloy 82 were similar to that on the Alloy 182 without iron injection, suggesting that iron injection may play a similar role as if the alloy had an elevated iron content. The implication of the observations for material corrosion behavior in BWRs is elaborated.

  • 12. Chia, Han-Jong
    et al.
    Guo, Feng
    Belova, Liubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    McMichael, R. D.
    Nanoscale Spin Wave Localization Using Ferromagnetic Resonance Force Microscopy2012In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 108, no 8, p. 087206-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We use the dipolar fields from a magnetic cantilever tip to generate localized spin wave precession modes in an in-plane magnetized, thin ferromagnetic film. Multiple resonances from a series of localized modes are detected by ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy and reproduced by micromagnetic models that also reveal highly anisotropic mode profiles. Modeled scans of line defects using the lowest-frequency mode provide resolution predictions of (94.5 +/- 1.5) nm in the field direction, and (390 +/- 2) nm perpendicular to the field.

  • 13. Chia, Han-Jong
    et al.
    Guo, Feng
    Belova, Liubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    McMichael, R. D.
    Spectroscopic defect imaging in magnetic nanostructure arrays2012In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 101, no 4, p. 042408-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We introduce a method for imaging defective structures in an array of magnetic nanodevices using ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy with contrast between normal and defective devices provided through differences in resonance condition. In a demonstration of this technique, two dimensional scans of an array resolve not only intentional differences in resonant field between 200 nm circular dots and an intentional oval "defect," but also smaller differences between the nominally identical circular dots in the array.

  • 14. Chia, Han-Jong
    et al.
    Guo, Feng
    Belova, Liubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    McMichael, R. D.
    Two-dimensional spectroscopic imaging of individual ferromagnetic nanostripes2012In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 86, no 18, p. 184406-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We use ferromagnetic-resonance force microscopy to spectroscopically image the edge modes in individual 700 nm and 400 nm wide Permalloy stripes with a spatial resolution on the order of 200 nm. The imaging clearly identifies some resonances as edge modes in stripes in a case where mode identification by comparison with micromagnetic modeling is not clear. Combined spectroscopic and spatial scans reveal clear differences in the edge mode resonances at opposite edges of the stripes as well as inhomogeneity along the length of the stripe.

  • 15. Costanzi, Barry N.
    et al.
    Riazanova, Anastasia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Dahlberg, E. Dan
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    In situ manufacture of magnetic tunnel junctions by a direct-write process2014In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 104, no 22, p. 222401-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In situ construction of Co/SiO2/Co magnetic tunnel junctions using direct-write electron-beam-induced deposition is described. Proof-of-concept devices were built layer by layer depositing the specific components one at a time, allowing device manufacture using a strictly additive process. The devices exhibit a magnetic tunneling signature which agrees qualitatively with the Slonczewski model of magnetic tunneling.

  • 16. Desai, R.
    et al.
    Mehta, R. V.
    Upadhyay, R. V.
    Gupta, A.
    Praneet, A.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Bulk magnetic properties of CdFe(2)O(4)in nano-regime2007In: Bulletin of Materials Science, ISSN 0250-4707, E-ISSN 0973-7669, Vol. 30, no 3, p. 197-203Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cadmium ferrite particles have been synthesized using co-precipitation technique followed by a low temperature (600 degrees C) annealing in a time scale much shorter than reported in literature. Incorporation of sodium chloride during annealing helps to form a single phase spinel structure with a final particle size of around 50 nm. Even at such a short length scale we observe the overall magnetic properties to be similar to those of the bulk. The observed magnetic properties can be explained on the basis of an anti-ferromagnetic core with a shell containing 'ferromagnetic-like', but canted spin structure.

  • 17.
    Fan, Jincheng
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
    Sreekanth, Mahadeva
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics. Department of Physics, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Amritapuri Campus, Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India.
    Xie, Z.
    Chang, S.L.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    P-Type ZnO materials: Theory, growth, properties and devices2013In: Progress in Materials Science, ISSN 0079-6425, E-ISSN 1873-2208, Vol. 58, no 6, p. 874-985Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the past 10 years, ZnO as a semiconductor has attracted considerable attention due to its unique properties, such as high electron mobility, wide and direct band gap and large exciton binding energy. ZnO has been considered a promising material for optoelectronic device applications, and the fabrications of high quality p-type ZnO and p-n junction are the key steps to realize these applications. However, the reliable p-type doping of the material remains a major challenge because of the self-compensation from native donor defects (VO and Zni) and/or hydrogen incorporation. Considerable efforts have been made to obtain p-type ZnO by doping different elements with various techniques. Remarkable progresses have been achieved, both theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, we discuss p-type ZnO materials: theory, growth, properties and devices, comprehensively. We first discuss the native defects in ZnO. Among the native defects in ZnO, VZn and O i act as acceptors. We then present the theory of p-type doping in ZnO, and summarize the growth techniques for p-type ZnO and the properties of p-type ZnO materials. Theoretically, the principles of selection of p-type dopant, codoping method and XZn-2VZn acceptor model are introduced. Experimentally, besides the intrinsic p-type ZnO grown at O-rich ambient, p-type ZnO (MgZnO) materials have been prepared by various techniques using Group-I, IV and V elements. We pay a special attention to the band gap of p-type ZnO by band-gap engineering and room temperature ferromagnetism observed in p-type ZnO. Finally, we summarize the devices based on p-type ZnO materials.

  • 18.
    Fang, Mei
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    3D Magnetic Photonic Crystals: Synthesis and Characterization2010Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis presents the synthesis methods and the characterizations of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, silica spheres with Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded, and three dimensional magnetic photonic crystals (MPCs) prepared from the spheres. The structure, material composition, magnetic and optical properties, photonic band gaps (PBGs), as well as how these properties depend on the concentration of the magnetic nanoparticles, are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Faraday rotation (FR) and optical spectrophotometers. Well-organized, face center cubic (fcc)-structured, super-paramagnetic 3D MPCs have been obtained and their PBGs are investigated through optical spectra.

    Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized by standard co-precipitation method and a rapid mixing co-precipitation method with particle size varied from 6.6 nm to 15.0 nm at different synthesis temperature (0°C ~ 100°C). The obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which show crystalline structure with superparamagnetic property, are embedded into silica spheres prepared at room temperature through a sol-gel method using the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in a base solution with different concentrations. By controlling the synthesis conditions (e.g., chemicals, the ratio of chemicals and stirring time), different size of MPC spheres in range of 75 nm to 680 nm has been obtained in a narrow distribution. The sphere suspensions in ethanol are dropped on glass substrate in the permanent magnetic field to achieve well organized 3D MPCs with (111) triangular close packed crystal plane of fcc structure parallel to the surface of substrate.

    From the transmission & forward scattering spectra (TF), five PBGs have been distinguished for these MPCs and they are defined as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th PBGs according to the order of peaks that appear in mathematic fitting analysis. The positions (peak wavelengths) of PBGs show sphere size dependence: with the increase of the sphere size, they increase linearly. Comparing with pure SiO2 PCs at certain sphere size, the positions of PBGs for MPCs containing moderate Fe3O4 conc. (4.3 wt. %) are at longer wavelengths. On increasing the Fe3O4 conc., however, the PBGs shift back to shorter wavelength. The PBGs shift to longer or shorter wavelength is due to the combined effect of refractive index n increasing, as well as the increase of refractive index difference Δn, which are caused by the embedded Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

    The transmission spectra (T) with varied incidence angle of p- and s- polarized light are studied, obtaining angular dependent and polarization sensitive PBGs. It is found that with the increase of the incidence angle, the 1st PBGs shift to shorter wavelength while the 3rd ones shift to longer wavelength. High Fe3O4 conc. MPCs (6.4 wt. %) show enhancement of this angular dependence. It is also found that the PBGs show dependence on the polarize direction of incident light. Normally, at a certain incidence angle the PBGs sift more for p- polarized incident light than for s-polarized light with respect to normal incidence. This polarized dependence can also be enhanced for high Fe3O4 conc. MPCs. With a high concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the polarization sensitivity of p- and s- increased.

    These PBG properties indicate applications of 3D MPCs as functional optical materials, coatings, wavelength and polarization fibers for fiber optical communications devices and dielectric sensors of magnetic field, etc..

     

    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT02
  • 19.
    Fang, Mei
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Properties of Multifunctional Oxide Thin Films Despostied by Ink-jet Printing2012Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Ink-jet printing offers an ideal answer to the emerging trends and demands of depositing at ambient temperatures picoliter droplets of oxide solutions into functional thin films and device components with a high degree of pixel precision. It is a direct single-step mask-free patterning technique that enables multi-layer and 3D patterning. This method is fast, simple, easily scalable, precise, inexpensive and cost effective compared to any of other methods available for the realization of the promise of flexible, and/or stretchable electronics of the future on virtually any type of substrate. Because low temperatures are used and no aggressive chemicals are required for ink preparation, ink-jet technique is compatible with a very broad range of functional materials like polymers, proteins and even live cells, which can be used to fabricate inorganic/organic/bio hybrids, bio-sensors and lab-on-chip architectures. After a discussion of the essentials of ink-jet technology, this thesis focuses particularly on the art of designing long term stable inks for fabricating thin films and devices especially oxide functional components for electronics, solar energy conversion, opto-electronics and spintronics. We have investigated three classes of inks: nanoparticle suspension based, surface modified nanoparticles based, and direct precursor solution based. Examples of the films produced using these inks and their functional properties are:

    1) In order to obtain magnetite nanoparticles with high magnetic moment and narrow size distribution in suspensions for medical diagnostics, we have developed a rapid mixing technique and produced nanoparticles with moments close to theoretical values (APL 2011 and Nanotechnology 2012). The suspensions produced have been tailored to be stable over a long period of time.

    2)In order to design photonic band gaps, suspensions of spherical SiO2 particles were produced by chemical hydrolysis (JAP 2010 and JNP 2011 - not discussed in the thesis).

    3) Using suspension inks, (ZnO)1-x(TiO2)x composite films have been printed and used to fabricate dye sensitized solar cells (JMR 2012). The thickness and the composition of the films can be easily tailored in the inkjet printing process. Consequently, the solar cell performance is optimized. We find that adding Ag nanoparticles improves the ‘metal-bridge’ between the TiO2 grains while maintaining the desired porous structure in the films. The photoluminescence spectra show that adding Ag reduces the emission intensity by a factor of two. This indicates that Ag atoms act as traps to capture electrons and inhibit recombination of electron-hole pairs, which is desirable for photo-voltaic applications.

    4) To obtain and study room temperature contamination free ferromagnetic spintronic materials, defect induced and Fe doped MgO and ZnO were synthesized ‘in-situ’ by precursor solution technique (preprints). It is found that the origin of magnetism in these materials (APL 2012 and MRS 2012) is intrinsic and probably due to charge transfer hole doping.

    5) ITO thin films were fabricated via inkjet printing directly from liquid precursors. The films are highly transparent (transparency >90% both in the visible and IR range, which is rather unique as compared to any other film growth technique) and conductive (resistivity can be ~0.03 Ω•cm). The films have nano-porous structure, which is an added bonus from ink jetting that makes such films applicable for a broad range of applications. One example is in implantable biomedical components and lab-on-chip architectures where high transparency of the well conductive ITO electrodes makes them easily compatible with the use of quantum dots and fluorescent dyes.

    In summary, the inkjet patterning technique is incredibly versatile and applicable for a multitude of metal and oxide deposition and patterning. Especially in the case of using acetate solutions as inks (a method demonstrated for the first time by our group), the oxide films can be prepared ‘in-situ’ by direct patterning on the substrate without any prior synthesis stages, and the fabricated films are stoichiometric, uniform and smooth. This technique will most certainly continue to be a versatile tool in industrial manufacturing processes for material deposition in the future, as well as a unique fabrication tool for tailorable functional components and devices.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Properties of Multifunctional Oxide Thin Films Depostied by Ink-jet Printing
  • 20.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Aristov, Andrey
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Kabashin, Andrei V.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Particle-free inkjet printing of nanostructured porous indium tin oxide thin films2013In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 3, no 42, p. 19501-19507Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report a simple, low-cost, single-step inkjet printing method for the fabrication of nanostructured, highly transparent and conductive ITO films, which completely avoids the use of ITO particles in the fabrication process. In our method, the inks are formed from a liquid solution presenting a properly selected mixture of indium and tin acetates. After jet printing, the ink is decomposed during a subsequent annealing step, in which the released CO2 gas bubbles control the ITO nucleation process to provide a porous film texture. We show that the fabricated ITO films are highly crystalline, stoichiometric, and nanoporous with controlled porosity. Electrical measurements show relatively low resistivity values for the films (down to 0.029 Omega cm) comparable to those of the best ITO thin films fabricated by other methods. Optical ellipsometry tests demonstrate a relatively high refractive index (1.5-1.7) and high transparency of the films over a wide region of the spectrum ranging from 500 to 1700 nm. Since the method does not require any pre-fabricated ITO particles, masks or templates, and enables the deposition of films on substrates of various materials and shapes, it can be employed for fabrication of nanoporous ITO films for a diversity of applications, including solar cell, bio- and chemical sensing, etc.

  • 21.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Belova, Lyuba
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    The art of tailoring inks for inkjet printing metal oxides2012Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Inkjet printing has become a promising, efficient, inexpensive, scalable technique for materials deposition and mask-less patterning in many device applications. This article provides an introduction of the essentials of inkjet printing technology and ink preparation which remains a challenge especially for printing oxide transparent materials. After introducing the essentials of an inkjet printer and the process of the conversion of liquid ink into solid thin films of oxide materials, we present two approaches to the tailoring of inks, especially relevant for piezoelectric drop-on-demand ink jet printer: (1) the inks prepared from oxide particle suspensions (e.g., SiO2, TiO2, Fe3O4), and (2) metal-acetates precursor solutions for direct printing of thin films subsequently processed by calcination into the respective oxides like undoped and doped ZnO, MgO, ITO among others. The oxide films prepared this way using high purity precursors are free from undesirable contaminations, stoichiometric and when annealed appropriately produce smooth printed thin films. We place special emphasis upon preparation of inks that are stable without sediments over time so that the printing process is reliable and repeatable, and the obtained oxide films are dense and uniform. Also, for some of the inks containing multi-type acetates with possible phase separation even before calcinations we have developed a chelating procedure in order to tailor the films into single phase homogeneity. The films are characterized by optical microscope for micro features, high resolution SEM in a Nova600-Nanolab SEM/FIB system, and JEOL atomic force microscope for their morphology.

  • 22.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Belova, Lyuba
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Thermal anealing effects on Ag/TiO2 thin films prepared by ink-jet printingManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of heat treatment on both the phase structure and the electronic band structure were studied for Ag/TiO2 composite films prepared by inkjet printing. Ag nanoparticles can form ‘metal-bridge’ to link TiO2 particles in the mesoporous structured films and improve the transport properties of the films. The distribution of Ag in the composite films shows dependence on the annealing conditions: Ag clusters were observed at high annealing temperature (>600 °C), and they can be annihilated by a longer time annealing. Comparing with pure TiO2 films, the decreased intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra of Ag/TiO2 composite films indicates that the doped Ag atoms could act as traps to capture electron and inhabit the recombination of electron-hole pairs. From the identifiable PL emission peaks, the band structure of the films is deduced.

  • 23.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Riazanova, Anastasia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Magnetic properties of inkjet printed Fe-doped ZnO thin filmsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic properties in semiconductors show dependences on the substance itself (the doped element and the matrix), the states (e.g., bulk, nanoparticles, or film) and the preparation methods, which attract huge interest for both functional applications and fundamental science. As a widespread used semiconductor, ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO thin films were prepared via calcination of the as-prepared acetates precursor films printed by inkjet technique. Their room temperature (RT) magnetic properties were investigated to obtain the insight into the origin of RT ferromagnetism (FM). It was found that the grain size of the films was reduced by Fe-doping. For ~30 nm thick films, the saturation magnetization (MS) of 10 at.% Fe-doped ZnO (3.8 emu/g) is 4 times higher than that of pure ZnO thin film (0.9 emu/g) prepared with the same route. We attribute the enhancement to: (i) the introduction of Fe atoms with unpaired 3d electrons which contribute to magnetism; and (ii) the Fe-doping increase the defect in the lattice structure of the ZnO matrix. The effects of calcination temperature on RTFM of 10 at.% Fe-doped thin films were studied, and the temperature dependent MS was observed. The RTFM depended on film thickness as well, which shows an initial increase and then decrease with the maximum MS of 4.44 emu/g obtained from the ~45 nm 10 at.% Fe-doped ZnO film. Possible reasons for the observed phenomena were discussed.

  • 24.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Riazanova, Anastasia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Magnetism of Fe-doped MgO thin films prepared by inkjet printingManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We prepared MgO and Fe-doped MgO thin films by inkjet printing and investigated the room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) of the films. Films prepared from the same route show amorphous for pure MgO films while crystals for Fe-doped MgO thin films, indicating that the doped Fe atoms can improve the crystallinity of the films. The saturation magnetization of 10 at.% Fe-doped MgO film is ~5 times as much as that of pure MgO film with same thickness (~90 nm), implying the great enhancement of magnetism introduced by Fe-doping. The RTFM of 10 at.% Fe-doped MgO films shows dependence on calcination temperature and the film thickness, where the effects of defect and crystal structure on magnetism of films were discussed. From the L2,3-edge features, the coexistence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations in octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the crystals was deduced, which was consistent with the two lattice structures determined from X-ray diffraction. The unpaired 3d electrons in the lattices could interact with each other directly or mediated by anions/carriers, which contribute to the enhancement of RTFM in the Fe-doped films. The saturation magnetization of ~30 nm 10at.% Fe-doped MgO film was detected to be ~6.3 emu•cm-3 and the coercively was ~50 Oe.

  • 25.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Olsson, Richard T.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Particle size and magnetic properties dependence on growth temperature for rapid mixed co-precipitated magnetite nanoparticles2012In: Nanotechnology, ISSN 0957-4484, E-ISSN 1361-6528, Vol. 23, no 14, p. 145601-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetite nanoparticles have been prepared by co-precipitation using a custom-designed jet mixer to achieve rapid mixing (RM) of reactants in a timescale of milliseconds. The quick and stable nucleation obtained allows control of the particle size and size distribution via a more defined growth process. Nanoparticles of different sizes were prepared by controlling the processing temperature in the first few seconds post-mixing. The average size of the nanoparticles investigated using a Tecnai transmission electron microscope is found to increase with the temperature from 3.8 nm at 1 +/- 1 degrees C to 10.9 nm for particles grown at 95 +/- 1 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the size distribution follows the same trend and is explained in terms of Ostwald ripening of the magnetite nanoparticles during the co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+. The magnetic properties were studied by monitoring the blocking temperature via both DC and AC techniques. Strikingly, the obtained RM particles maintain the high magnetization (as high as similar to 88 A m(2) kg(-1) at 500 kA m(-1)) while the coercivity is as low as similar to 12 A m(-1) with the expected temperature dependence. Besides, by adding a drop of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, aqueous ferrofluids with long term stability are obtained, suggesting their suitability for applications in ferrofluid technology and biomedicine.

  • 26.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Olsson, Richard T.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rapid mixing: A route to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles with high moment2011In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 99, no 22, p. 222501-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We demonstrate the impact of rapid mixing of the precursors in a time scale of milliseconds on the reaction rate and magnetic properties of co-precipitated magnetite with a custom-made mixer. The mixed volume is directed into a desk-top AC susceptometer to monitor the magnetic response from the growing particles in real-time. These measurements indicate that the reaction is mostly completed within a minute. The obtained superparamagnetic nanoparticles exhibit a narrow size distribution and large magnetization (87 Am(2) kg(-1)). Transmission electron micrographs suggest that rapid mixing is the key for better crystallinity and a more uniform morphology leading to the observed magnetization values.

  • 27.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Takahiko, Tamaki
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Co-precipitation of iron oxide nanoparticles by rapid mixingArticle in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Synthesis of Magnetite appears to be a topic of continued interest because of its versatility and the variety applications. Among the chemical techniques to synthesize Fe3O4, co-precipitation approach although very common, seems to be extremely sensitive to the consequences of nucleation, growth and most of all the rate of the reaction involved. This work is an attempt to demonstrate the complexities of obtaining monodispersed nanosized Fe3O4 particles. We consider the role of rapid mixing and its consequences on co-precipitation at ice-point, room temperature and boiling water temperatures on the magnetic properties of Fe3O4. We obtained crystallites varying in the range from 6.6 nm (grown in ice-water) to 7.9 nm (grown in boiling water) as determined from the broadening of XRD diffraction peaks using the Scherrer approach. With the increase of the particle size, the saturate magnetization of iron oxides increases from 52 emu/g to 63 emu/g, and the coercivity increases from 0.5 Oe to 7.9 Oe. Layers of nanosized magnetic particles on glass substrates show unusual wavelength dependence of Faraday rotation loops which show a reversal phenomenon in the sign of the magnetization around 550.

  • 28.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Voit, Wolfgang
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Kyndiah, Adrica
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Wu, Yan
    Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, China University of Geosciences.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Room temperature ferromagnetism of Fe-doped ZnO and MgO thin films prepared by ink-jet printing2012In: MRS Proceedings, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Room temperature magnetic properties of un-doped, as well as 10 at.% Fe-doped ZnOand MgO single-pass layer of ink-jet printed thin films have been investigated to obtain insightinto the role of the band gaps and mechanisms for the origin of ferromagnetic order in thesematerials. It is found that on doping with Fe, the saturation magnetization is enhanced by severalfoldin both systems when compared with the respective un-doped thin films. For a ~28 nm thickfilm of Fe-doped ZnO (Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor, DMS) we observe an enhancedmoment of 0.465 μB/Fe atom while it is around 0.111μB/Fe atom for the doped MgO (DilutedMagnetic Insulator, DMI) film of comparable thickness. Also, the pure ZnO is far moreferromagnetic than pure MgO at comparable low film thicknesses which can be attributed todefect induced magnetism originating from cat-ion vacancies. However, the film thicknessdependence of the magnetization and the defect concentrations are found to be significantlydifferent in the two systems so that a comparison of the magnetism becomes more complex forthicker films.

  • 29.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Volotinen, Tarja
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Kulkarni, S. K.
    Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, India.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the optical transmission properties of 3D magnetic photonic crystals2010In: Physics ReviewArticle in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic and optical properties of three-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals (MPCs), consisting of silica spheres in the size range 190-680nm embedded with 8, 9 and 13 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles, have been investigated. All the PC-films, with and without embedded magnetic nanoparticles, show five band gaps at well defined wavelengths in their optical transmission spectrum. The band gaps are found to be a linear function of the constituent sphere size in the MPC films. From the slope of this function, the deduced refractive index for the constituents in the films is found to increase with the concentration of the embedded magnetite nanoparticles. The observed shifts in the photonic band gaps PBGs in the films is qualitatively explained in terms of the variations of refractive index and the contrast index difference arising from the concentration of the embedded nanoparticles. We also find that the angular dependence of PBG positions for MPCs at small incidence angles is strongly dependent on the p- and s- polarization states of the incident light. The polarization sensitivity of PBGs to the Fe3O4 concentration is also discussed.  

  • 30.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Volotinen, Tarja
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Kulkarni, S. K.
    Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, India.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Enhanced linear sphere size dependence of photonic band gaps for 3D nanocomposite magnetic photonic crystals2010In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Silica spheres in the size range (70-650) nm, containing embedded nano-sized magnetic iron oxide particles have been synthesized and arranged into 3D-face-centered-cubic (fcc) structured magnetic photonic crystals (MPCs) with the (111) crystal plane parallel to the glass substrate surface. Five photonic band gaps (PBGs) are observed in the optical transmission spectra measured over UV-Vis-near IR range for MPCs. The peak wavelengths of the PBGs (λC) are found to increase linearly with the sphere size (Φ). Furthermore, on embedding magnetic nanoparticles the position of PBGs is shifted to higher wavelengths. In addition, the average refractive index, 1.5 ± 0.1, obtained for the MPCs from the slopes of λC(Φ) is found to be larger than the reported value of 1.349 for pure silica PCs.

  • 31.
    Fang, Mei
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Volotinen, Tarja T.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Kulkarni, Sulabha K.
    Belova, Lyubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Designing photonic band gaps in SiO(2)-based face-centered cubic-structured crystals2011In: Journal of Nanophotonics, ISSN 1934-2608, Vol. 5, p. 053514-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We designed face-centered cubic-structured (fcc) photonic crystals whose lattice parameters were tuned by varying the size of the constituent spherical silica particles in the range 100 to 520 nm. From wide-angle optical transmission investigations and Gaussian fitting of the absorbance spectra over UV-Vis-Near IR range, we found that in these crystals the Bragg wavelengths of the photonic band gaps (PBGs) corresponding to the reflected crystal planes linearly increase with the size of the spheres as expected. From this data, the average refractive index along the different crystal planes of the fcc structure was found to be in the 1.24 to 1.32 range. The Bragg wavelengths were tuned between 400 and 1100 nm. Thus, photonic crystals of the same structure can be designed to tune the Bragg wavelengths of PBGs by selecting the sphere size. These studies open up possibilities to design a new class of "smart" photonic crystals consisting of dielectric entities of sub-micron silica spheres with added functionality from magnetic or piezoelectric nanoparticles embedded in them.

  • 32.
    Fang, Mej
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Voit, Wolfgang
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Wu, Y.
    Lyubov, Belova
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    'In-situ' preparation of metal oxide thin films by inkjet printing acetates solutions2013In: Mater Res Soc Symp Proc, 2013, p. 13-20Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Direct printing of functional oxide thin films could provide a new route to low-cost, efficient and scalable fabrications of electronic devices. One challenge that remains open is to design the inks with long term stability for effective deposition of specific oxide materials of industrial importance. In this paper, we introduce a reliable method of producing stable inks for 'in-situ' deposition of oxide thin films by inkjet printing. The inks were prepared from metal-acetates solutions and printed on a variety of substrates. The acetate precursors were decomposed into oxide films during the subsequent calcination process to achieve the 'in-situ' deposition of the desired oxide films directly on the substrate. By this procedure we have obtained room temperature contamination free ferromagnetic spintronic materials like Fe doped MgO and ZnO films from their acetate(s) solutions. We find that the origin of magnetism in ZnO, MgO and their Fe-doped films to be intrinsic. For a 28 nm thick film of Fe-doped ZnO we observe an enhanced magnetic moment of 16.0 emu/cm3 while it is 5.5 emu/cm3 for the doped MgO film of single pass printed. The origin of magnetism is attributed to cat-ion vacancies. We have also fabricated highly transparent indium tin oxide films with a transparency &gt;95% both in the visible and IR range which is rather unique compared to films grown by any other technique. The films have a nano-porous structure, an added bonus from inkjetting that makes such films advantageous for a broad range of applications.

  • 33. Fassbender, J.
    et al.
    Liedke, M. O.
    Strache, T.
    Moller, W.
    Menendez, E.
    Sort, J.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Deevi, S. C.
    Nogues, J.
    Ion mass dependence of irradiation-induced local creation of ferromagnetism in Fe60Al40 alloys2008In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 77, no 17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ion irradiation of Fe60Al40 alloys results in the phase transformation from the paramagnetic, chemically ordered B2 phase to the ferromagnetic, chemically disordered A2 phase. The magnetic phase transformation is related to the number of displacements per atom (dpa) during the irradiation. For heavy ions (Ar+, Kr+, and Xe+), a universal curve is observed with a steep increase in the fraction of the ferromagnetic phase that reaches saturation, i.e., a complete phase transformation, at about 0.5 dpa. This proves the purely ballistic nature of the disordering process. If light ions are used (He+ and Ne+), a pronounced deviation from the universal curve is observed. This is attributed to bulk vacancy diffusion from the dilute collision cascades, which leads to a partial recovery of the thermodynamically favored B2 phase. Comparing different noble gas ion irradiation experiments allows us to assess the corresponding counteracting contributions. In addition, the potential to create local ferromagnetic areas embedded in a paramagnetic matrix is demonstrated.

  • 34.
    Fischer, Andreas C.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Microsystem Technology.
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Malm, Gunnar B.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Kolahdouz, Mohammadreza
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Radamson, Henry
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Gylfason, Kristinn B.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Microsystem Technology.
    Stemme, Göran
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Microsystem Technology.
    Niklaus, Frank
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Microsystem Technology.
    3D Free-Form Patterning of Silicon by Ion Implantation, Silicon Deposition, and Selective Silicon Etching2012In: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028, Vol. 22, no 19, p. 4004-4008Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A method for additive layer-by-layer fabrication of arbitrarily shaped 3D silicon micro- and nanostructures is reported. The fabrication is based on alternating steps of chemical vapor deposition of silicon and local implantation of gallium ions by focused ion beam (FIB) writing. In a final step, the defined 3D structures are formed by etching the silicon in potassium hydroxide (KOH), in which the local ion implantation provides the etching selectivity. The method is demonstrated by fabricating 3D structures made of two and three silicon layers, including suspended beams that are 40 nm thick, 500 nm wide, and 4 μm long, and patterned lines that are 33 nm wide.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 35.
    Fischer, Andreas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Sokka, Ilia
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Belova, Liubov
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Kloo, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of some layered compounds based on long-chain sulfonium cations and complex cobalt and copper anions2013In: Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeines Chemie, ISSN 0044-2313, E-ISSN 1521-3749, Vol. 639, no 14, p. 2613-2617Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two new materials of the composition ({CH3(CH2) 15(CH3)2S}+)2[CoBr 4]2- (1) and ({CH3(CH2) 15(CH3)2S}+)2[CuBr 4]2- (2 and 3), of which the latter exists in two polymorphs, were synthesized. The materials display the synthetically targeted structures, comprising of layers of complex metal ions and layers of long-chain sulfonium cations. The crystal structures of the materials were determined. The interlayer distances are around 24 Å, with metal-metal distances about 8 Å. The magnetic properties of 1 were investigated, and the material is paramagnetic. ({CH3(CH2)15(CH3) 2S}+)2[CuBr4]2 is polymorphic. Both polymorphs crystallize with triclinic symmetry.

  • 36.
    Galland, Sylvain
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Andersson, Richard L.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Olsson, Richard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites.
    Strong and Moldable Cellulose Magnets with High Ferrite Nanoparticle Content2014In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 6, no 22, p. 20524-20534Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A major limitation in the development of highly functional hybrid nanocomposites is brittleness and low tensile strength at high inorganic nanoparticle content. Herein, cellulose nanofibers were extracted from wood and individually decorated with cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles and then for the first time molded at low temperature (<120 degrees C) into magnetic nanocomposites with up to 93 wt % inorganic content. The material structure was characterized by TEM and FE-SEM and mechanically tested as compression molded samples. The obtained porous magnetic sheets were further impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin, which improved the load-bearing functions of ferrite and cellulose material. A nanocomposite with 70 wt % ferrite, 20 wt % cellulose nanofibers, and 10 wt % epoxy showed a modulus of 12.6 GPa, a tensile strength of 97 MPa, and a strain at failure of ca. 4%. Magnetic characterization was performed in a vibrating sample magnetometer, which showed that the coercivity was unaffected and that the saturation magnetization was in proportion with the ferrite content. The used ferrite, CoFe2O4 is a magnetically hard material, demonstrated by that the composite material behaved as a traditional permanent magnet. The presented processing route is easily adaptable to prepare millimeter-thick and moldable magnetic objects. This suggests that the processing method has the potential to be scaled-up for industrial use for the preparation of a new subcategory of magnetic, low-cost, and moldable objects based on cellulose nanofibers.

  • 37.
    Galland, Sylvain
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Andersson, Richard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.
    Salajkova, Michaela
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Olsson, Richard
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Berglund, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Biocomposites. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Cellulose nanofibers decorated with magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, structure and use in magnetized high toughness membranes for a prototype loudspeaker2013In: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, ISSN 2050-7526, Vol. 1, no 47, p. 7963-7972Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic nanoparticles are the functional component for magnetic membranes, but they are difficult to disperse and process into tough membranes. Here, cellulose nanofibers are decorated with magnetic ferrite nanoparticles formed in situ which ensures a uniform particle distribution, thereby avoiding the traditional mixing stage with the potential risk of particle agglomeration. The attachment of the particles to the nanofibrils is achieved via aqueous in situ hydrolysis of metal precursors onto the fibrils at temperatures below 100 °C. Metal adsorption and precursor quantification were carried out using Induction Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). FE-SEM was used for high resolution characterization of the decorated nanofibers and hybrid membranes, and TEM was used for nanoparticle size distribution studies. The decorated nanofibers form a hydrocolloid. Large (200 mm diameter) hybrid cellulose/ferrite membranes were prepared by simple filtration and drying of the colloidal suspension. The low-density, flexible and permanently magnetized membranes contain as much as 60 wt% uniformly dispersed nanoparticles (thermogravimetric analysis data). Hysteresis magnetization was measured by a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer; the inorganic phase was characterized by XRD. Membrane mechanical properties were measured in uniaxial tension. An ultrathin prototype loudspeaker was made and its acoustic performance in terms of output sound pressure was characterized. A full spectrum of audible frequencies was resolved.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Magnetic cellulose nanofibers
  • 38. Girgis, E.
    et al.
    Fang, Mei
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Hassan, E.
    Kathab, N.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Ink-jet-printed (ZnO)(1-x)( TiO2)(x) composite films for solar cell applications2013In: Journal of Materials Research, ISSN 0884-2914, E-ISSN 2044-5326, Vol. 28, no 3, p. 502-506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ink-jet printing technique is used to prepare porous (ZnO)(1-x)(TiO2)(x) composite films on indium tin oxide-coated glass substrates. Dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using well-characterized printed films of thickness similar to 20 and 30 mu m, respectively. It is found that the photovoltaic performance of the cells is dependent on the film thickness and the concentrations of ZnO. The obtained results are compared with those of pure ZnO- and TiO2-based cells prepared by the same route to optimize the device efficiency. This study suggests that ink-jet printers promise an inexpensive and simple technology for manufacturing solar cell composite films.

  • 39.
    Girgis, E.
    et al.
    Natl Res Ctr, Giza, Egypt .
    Khalil, W. K. B.
    Natl Res Ctr, Giza, Egypt .
    Emam, A. N.
    Natl Res Ctr, Giza, Egypt .
    Mohamed, M. B.
    Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt .
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Nanotoxicity of Gold and Gold-Cobalt Nanoalloy2012In: Chemical Research in Toxicology, ISSN 0893-228X, E-ISSN 1520-5010, Vol. 25, no 5, p. 1086-1098Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanotoxicology test of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and gold-cobalt (Au-Co) nanoalloy is an important step in their safety evaluation for biomedical applications. The Au and Au-Co NPs were prepared by reducing the metal ions using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping material. The average size and shape of the nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Cobalt presence in the nanoalloy was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, and the magnetic properties of these particles were determined using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The Gold and gold-cobalt NPs of average size 15 +/- 1.5 nm were administered orally to mice with a dose of 80, 160, and 320 mg/kg per body weight (bw) using gavages. Samples were collected after 7 and 14 days of the treatment. The results indicated that the Au-Co NPs were able to induce significant alteration in the tumor-initiating genes associated with an increase of micronuclei (MNs) formation and generation of DNA adduct (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG) as well as a reduction in the glutathione peroxidase activity. This action of Au-Co NPs was observed using 160 and 320 mg/kg bw at both time intervals. However, Au NPs had much lower effects than Au-Co NPs on alteration in the tumor-initiating genes, frequency of MNs, and generation of 8-0HdG as well as glutathione peroxidase activity except with the highest dose of Au NPs. This study suggests that the potential to cause in vivo genetic and antioxidant enzyme alterations due to the treatment by Au-Co nanoalloy may be attributed to the increase in oxidative stress in mice.

  • 40.
    Girgis, Emad
    et al.
    Department of Solid State Physics, National Research Center, Egypt.
    Fang, Mei
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Hassan, E.
    National Research Center, Egypt.
    Kathab, N.
    Department of Solid State Physics, National Research Center, Egypt.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Inkjet-printed (ZnO)1-x(TiO2)x composite films for solar cell applicationsIn: Journal of Materials Research, ISSN 0884-2914, E-ISSN 2044-5326Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41. Girgis, Emad
    et al.
    Wahsh, Mohamed M. S.
    Othman, Atef G. M.
    Bhandu, Lokeshwar
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Rao, K. Venkat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Synthesis, magnetic and optical properties of core/shell Co(1-x)Zn(x)Fe(2)O(4)/SiO(2) nanoparticles2011In: Nanoscale Research Letters, ISSN 1931-7573, E-ISSN 1556-276X, Vol. 6, p. 460-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The optical properties of multi-functionalized cobalt ferrite (CoFe(2)O(4)), cobalt zinc ferrite (Co(0.5)Zn(0.5)Fe(2)O(4)), and zinc ferrite (ZnFe(2)O(4)) nanoparticles have been enhanced by coating them with silica shell using a modified Stober method. The ferrites nanoparticles were prepared by a modified citrate gel technique. These core/shell ferrites nanoparticles have been fired at temperatures: 400 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 800 degrees C, respectively, for 2 h. The composition, phase, and morphology of the prepared core/shell ferrites nanoparticles were determined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The diffuse reflectance and magnetic properties of the core/shell ferrites nanoparticles at room temperature were investigated using UV/VIS double-beam spectrophotometer and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. It was found that, by increasing the firing temperature from 400 degrees C to 800 degrees C, the average crystallite size of the core/shell ferrites nanoparticles increases. The cobalt ferrite nanoparticles fired at temperature 800 degrees C; show the highest saturation magnetization while the zinc ferrite nanoparticles coated with silica shell shows the highest diffuse reflectance. On the other hand, core/shell zinc ferrite/silica nanoparticles fired at 400 degrees C show a ferromagnetic behavior and high diffuse reflectance when compared with all the uncoated or coated ferrites nanoparticles. These characteristics of core/shell zinc ferrite/silica nanostructures make them promising candidates for magneto-optical nanodevice applications.

  • 42.
    Gu, Ziyan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Local magnetic susceptometry: Visualizing functional properties of novel materials2005Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    One of the rapidly growing instrumentation technologies of late has been Surface Probe Microscopy. Since the award of the Nobel Prize in 1986, this form of instrumentation has expanded into various fascinating forms and is successfully enabling investigations at a nano-scale. A particular type of SPM method, Magnetic Force Microscopy, (MFM) enables visualization of magnetic domain structures of various materials at several nano to micron scale. However, obtaining quantitative information about magnetic properties of materials is difficult since this method is cantilever tip-surface interaction dependent and calibration is not straightforward. The purpose of this thesis work is to fill the gap, and exploit it to investigate many functional properties of novel materials. Experimental development takes time and if it is to be patented, then clearly no public disclosures on related studies are possible until the patents have been filed. Thus this thesis contains the following as yet unpublished work.:

    • Invention of a new Sensor Head and development of the next generation Desk-top Local Magnetic Susceptometer (DLMS) Reasonable description of the sensor head and its operation are included in this section – more details not included in this thesis are a part of the US Patent Document (Filed on May 27, 2005.) The DLMS instrumentation is one of its kind and there exists no commercial equivalent today.

    • Demonstration of the applications of above new DLMS to investigate local magnetic phenomena in a variety of advanced materials like:

    1) First observation of Deformation induced Ferromagnetism, DILM, in Iron Aluminide sheets. We know of no other material which exhibits this unique property of developing local ferromagnetism upon deformation. ..more details than in the thesis are a part of the US Patent application entitled ‘Iron Aluminde Readable Medium’ (Filed on May 27, 2005.)

    2) Micro-indentation and its consequence on the local magnetic properties, with magnetic imaging of the local structure of these indents in the Iron Aluminide Sheets in the thickness range 180 to 200 μm.

    3) Strain induced dislocations, their propagation, formation of magnetic precipitates of phase separated compounds in high performance Stainless Steel, and even the development of martensitic transformations in cast steels (in collaboration with Prof. Takagi at Tohoku University).

    4) Monitoring magnetic particles and aggregates and their evolution in space and time from targeted drugs labelled with magnetic particles;

    5) Invention of a method to develop patterned ferromagnetic entities in flexible Kapton and imaging the local magnetic structure – study towards the media enabling future transparent electronics

    • In addition following studies have been carried out and reported:

    1) Tailored Bulk Glassy material to produce materials with unusually high mechanical hardness property known so far in any metallic system, and

    2) A comparison of Physical Properties of melt-spun and bulk glassy materials

    3) The co-existence of Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in NiBi alloys.

  • 43.
    Gu, Ziyan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Co-existence of Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in melt-spun Ni-Bi Compounds2005In: Journal of Materials Research, ISSN 0884-2914, E-ISSN 2044-5326Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Gu, Ziyan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Gupta, Amita
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Lopez Ponce, Enrique
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Xu, Zhihui
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Transport and Soft Magnetic Properties of Ultra-high Strength Co43Fe20Ta5.5B31.5 Bulk Glassy alloy2005In: Journal of Materials Research, ISSN 0884-2914, E-ISSN 2044-5326Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Gu, Ziyan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Owens, Frank J.
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Magnetic Patterning of Kapton-H Polyimide films via UV laser, and Hot stamping2005Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Gu, Ziyan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Ström, Valter
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Deevi, S. C.
    Macroscopic and Local Strain-induced Ferromagnetism at a Micron-scale in FeAl Cold Rolled sheets2005In: Intermetallics (Barking), ISSN 0966-9795, E-ISSN 1879-0216Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 47. Guo, Feng
    et al.
    Belova, Liubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    McMichael, R. D.
    Parametric pumping of precession modes in ferromagnetic nanodisks2014In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 89, no 10, p. 104422-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the parametric excitation of magnetic precession modes in nanodisks using a parallel pumping configuration. The excitations are detected using a ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy method, and the parallel-pumped spectra reveal nonlinear characteristics including instability thresholds and multiple, narrow, sawtooth-shaped resonances. These characteristics are in accord with analytical theory and micromagnetic modeling results. Modeled mode profiles of the excitations show that higher-order standing spin-wave modes with both even and odd symmetries are excited under parallel pumping.

  • 48. Guo, Feng
    et al.
    Belova, Liubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    McMichael, R. D.
    Spectroscopy and Imaging of Edge Modes in Permalloy Nanodisks2013In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 110, no 1, p. 017601-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy of confined spin-wave modes with improved, 100 nm resolution. The ferromagnetic resonance spectra in Permalloy disks (diameters ranging from 100 to 750 nm) distinguish multiple edge modes, and the images reveal distinct precession patterns. The fundamental edge mode also provides a new, localized probe of the magnetic properties of the film edge; rotation of the applied field reveals large edge property variations in nominally circular disks. As a function of disk diameter, the number of observed edge modes agrees with modeling.

  • 49. Guo, Feng
    et al.
    Belova, Lyubov M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    McMichael, Robert D.
    Nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance shift in submicron Permalloy ellipses2015In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 91, no 6, article id 064426Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report a systematic study of nonlinearity in the ferromagnetic resonance of a series of submicron Permalloy ellipses with varying aspect ratios. At high excitation powers, the resonances are found to shift to higher or lower applied field. We focus here on the sign of the shift and its dependence on the applied field and shape-induced anisotropy of the ellipses. Using ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy, we find that the measured nonlinear coefficient changes sign as a function of anisotropy field and applied field in qualitative agreement with a macrospin analysis. This macrospin analysis also points to origins of the nonlinearity in a combination of hard-axis in-plane anisotropy and precession ellipticity. In comparison of the macrospin predictions with both experimental and micromagnetic modeling results, we measure/model values of the nonlinear coefficient that are more positive than predicted by the macrospin model. The results are useful in understanding nonlinear physics in nanomagnets and applications of spin-torque oscillators.

  • 50. Guo, J. H.
    et al.
    Gupta, A.
    Sharma, P.
    Rao, K. V.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Engineering Material Physics.
    Marcus, M. A.
    Dong, C. L.
    Guillen, J. M. O.
    Butorin, S. M.
    Mattesini, M.
    Glans, P. A.
    Smith, K. E.
    Chang, C. L.
    Ahuja, Rajeev
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    X-ray spectroscopic study of the charge state and local ordering of room-temperature ferromagnetic Mn-doped ZnO2007In: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, ISSN 0953-8984, E-ISSN 1361-648X, Vol. 19, no 17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The charge state and local ordering of Mn doped into a pulsed laser deposited single-phase thin film of ZnO are investigated by using x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the O K-edge, Mn K-edge and L-edge, and x-ray emission spectroscopy at the O K-edge and Mn L-edge. This film is ferromagnetic at room temperature. EXAFS measurement shows that Mn2+ replaces the Zn site in tetrahedral symmetry, and there is no evidence for either metallic Mn or MnO in the film. Upon Mn doping, the top of O 2p valence band extends into the bandgap, indicating additional charge carriers being created.

123 1 - 50 of 147
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf