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  • 1.
    Abrahamsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    En övergripande studie av undervattensdockning med obemannade farkoster i ubåt A262019Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this report, a Systems Engineering work is discussed, where an investigation has been carried out on the possibility of docking an autonomous underwater vessel with the new generation submarine A26. In the work, the focus has been on the early steps of the Systems Engineering discipline. A literature review of existing research and work in the field has been carried out in order to identify

    possible technical solutions accessible today. Stakeholders have been identified and people with key positions in each area have been interviewed to be able to compile the requirement of needs. Based on the needs, abilities that the system needs to meet have been mapped. In order to facilitate the analysis of the docking system, a definition as well as a zoning of the various stages of the docking process have been performed. A description of different technologies for underwater communication is shown and discussed. An evaluation and risk analysis of a docking system has been carried out to illustrate the pros and cons of the various communication technologies during a docking procedure. Finally, two mechanical systems for the final phase of a docking have been compared to each other.

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  • 2.
    Ahlsén, David
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Experimental and numerical fluid-structure interaction analysis of a suspended rod subjected to forced vibrations2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study is evaluating Solid-Acoustic Finite Element modelling as a method for calculating structural vibration response in water. When designing for example vehicles, it is important to avoid vibrational resonance in any part of the structure, as this causes additional noise and reduced lifespan. It is known that vibration response can be affected by the surrounding medium, i.e. water for marine applications.Previous studies show that this effect is both material and geometry dependant why it is hard to apply standardised design rules. An alternative approach is direct calculation using full Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Methods (FEM) which is a powerful but slow and computationally costly method.Therefore, there exists a need for a faster and more efficient calculation method to predict how structures subjected to dynamic loads will respond when submerged in water. By modelling water as an acoustic medium, viscous effects are neglected and calculation time can be drastically reduced. Such an approximation is a linearization of the problem and can be suitable when all deformations are assumed to be small and there are no other nonlinear effects present.This study consists of experimental tests where vibrational response was measured for rod shaped test specimens which were suspended in a water filled test rig and excited using an electrodynamic shaker. A Solid-Acoustic Finite Element model of the same experiment was created, and the test and simulation results were compared. The numerical results were shown to agree well with experiments up to 450 Hz. Above 450 Hz differences occur which is probably due to a simplified rig geometry in the numerical model.

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  • 3.
    Ahlsén, David
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Fartygsprojektering och Flytande havsbaserad vindkraft2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Den här rapporten behandlar tre områden anknutna till den gemensamma sektorn marina system. Inledningsvis beskrivs sjöfartsnäringens olika delar däribland olika typer av gods och fartygstyper samt sjöfartens aktörer och reglerande organ. Sjöfarten diskuteras med hänsyn till miljö och visar att godstransport till havs är relativt energieffektivt, men att alla typer av gods inte kan motiveras ur ett hållbart perspektiv.

    En inledande fartygsprojektering genomförs för ett transportscenario där 5500 ton kiwifrukt ska transporteras från Nya Zeeland till länder kring Östersjön inom en tidsrymd som garanterar att frukten håller god kvalitet. Fartygstypen är ett kylfartyg dimensionerat att rymma lasten, minimera motstånd och uppfylla stabilitetskriterier från IMO. För att uppfylla transportscenariot är fartyget designat för en marschfart på 20 knop, med ett deplacement på 12500 ton, en längd på 138 m, 21 m i bredd och ett djupgående på 7.7 m.

    Avslutningsvis identifieras kriterier och förutsättningar för flytande havsbaserad vindkraft. Detta med syfte genomföra en inledande projektering av en vindkraftpark stor nog att Gotland kan täcka sin elkonsumtion med endast förnybara energikällor. Parken anläggs längs en ny kabelanslutning mellan Gotland och fastlandet utom synhåll från såväl Gotland, Öland och fastlandet. Området uppfyller krav på vindförhållanden och utgörs av 24 vindkraftverk med kapacitet på 5 MW vardera.

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  • 4.
    Al-Khalili Szigyarto, Cristina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Proteomics.
    Garme, Karl
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Högfeldt, Anna-Karin
    KTH, School of Education and Communication in Engineering Science (ECE), Learning.
    Magnell, Marie
    KTH, School of Education and Communication in Engineering Science (ECE), Learning.
    Vägen från student till ingenjör: exempel från två kandidatexamenskurser och ett förslag om en programsammanhållande byggnadsställning2011Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 5. Allen, T.
    et al.
    Battley, M.
    Casari, P.
    Kerling, B.
    Stenius, Ivan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Westlund, Joacim
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Structural responses of high performance sailing yachts to slamming loads2011In: 11th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation, FAST 2011 - Proceedings, 2011, p. 585-592Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experimental measurements of transient strains, local accelerations and pressure were undertaken on the IMOCA Open 60' class sailing yacht Paprec-Virbac III, and on a replica hull panel section tested in a laboratory slam testing facility. The approximately 1m x 0.7m panel for laboratory testing was manufactured on a mould taken from the plug used for the vessel construction, ensuring that the panel had identical curved geometry to the vessel. The laboratory panel included two stringers as on the same region of the vessel. An instrumentation layout including arrays of resistance strain gauges, accelerometers and a transient pressure transducer was used. Linear displacement transducers were used to measure panel deformations during the laboratory tests. The laboratory testing was undertaken at a range of constant impact velocities from 0.5 to 3m/s using a Servohydraulic Slam Testing System. Sea-trials were undertaken in the Hauraki Gulf, Auckland New Zealand. There was good qualitative agreement between the field and laboratory measurements in regard to timing and relative magnitudes of strains at different positions on the structure. Results demonstrate that the hull structure undergoes very complex transient deformations during the slamming events.

  • 6.
    Allen, Tom
    et al.
    Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
    Battley, Mark
    Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
    Stenius, Ivan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Experimental Methods For Determining Shear Loads In Sandwich Structures Subjected To Slam Loading2010In: 9th International Conference on Sandwich Structures, 2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Amundin, Eskil
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Modeling of fatigue in RORO ships2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The largest modern Pure Car and Truck Carriers (PCTC’s) are typically 230 meters long and have 13 cargo decks. In order to facilitate rapid loading and unloading these ships have been subject to a development of reducing any obstructing structures in the cargo hold, meaning that the transversal shear preventing structures, i.e. the racking bulkheads, has been taken to a minimum. Previous studies have concluded that some points on the racking bulkheads, as a result of the stripped down design, are subject to high stresses resulting from wave induced accelerations of the ship.

    In this M.Sc. Thesis the fatigue life of a corner of a transverse bulkhead opening in a 230 meter long PCTC with a capacity of 7200 cars is calculated with different methods.

    •Fatigue life is calculated from recorded ship motion data with the notch stress method in conjunction with rain flow counting and the cumulative damage principal.

    • Fatigue life is calculated according to (DNV CN. 30.7, 2010), based on a Lloyd’s Register FE model load case.

    • Actual findings on the ship are compared to the calculated results. Due to the lack of inspection data this comparison is not very extensive and only more briefly discussed.

    It is concluded that the fatigue life of the examined point, calculated from recorded motion data is 9.6 years and the fatigue life according to DNV is 8.0 years. It is also found that the fatigue damage is cumulated in almost discrete portions and thus the calculated fatigue life can be inaccurate when a short period of time is evaluated as is done in this thesis.

    A modification to the racking bulkhead with respect to fatigue life is also analyzed and it is concluded that the fatigue life in the examined point could be extended significantly by some simple modifications to the geometry.

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  • 8.
    Andersson, Emil
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Application of the open sourcecode Nemoh for modelling ofadded mass and damping in shipmotion simulations2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Two different numerical tools were considered, the first one is a seakeeping method developed by KTH Ship Dynamics Research Program. It utilizes strip theory and Lewis forms and is further addressed as SMS. The second one, Nemoh is an open source code utilizing three-dimensional panel method for calculating first order hydrodynamic coefficients in the frequency domain.A comprehensive revision of Nemoh and SMS has been performed on behalf of the KTH Ship Dynamics Research Program. The background to the revision was the high interest in accurately capturing a ships dynamic response. The aim was to explore the prospect of making use of the open source code Nemoh for modelling of added mass and damping in terms of modelling, computational efforts and ship motion prediction improvements. Further, the thesis includes a well-described method on how to operate and pre-process data for Nemoh together with a validation study including results from commercial software´s and experimental studies. An approach with the aim to capture the speed-dependency of the hydrodynamic coefficients together with further potential development of Nemoh is addressed.The validation of Nemoh is showing diverse result. For two cases, the Response Amplitude in Heave is insufficiently modelled. In consequence it’s stated that further studies are required in order to establish whether it’s the case of inadequate input from the authors’ side or lack of robustness in Nemoh that is the cause. The approach to capture speed effects in the hydrodynamic coefficients is proven to be fairly accurate and is considered to be of further use for future development of Nemoh.With respect to identified computational efforts, it’s concluded that Nemoh requires much more computational time than SMS while the accuracy of result is lower. No major improvements may therefore be achieved by substituting or implementing parts of Nemoh into SMS. Nemoh is however of use for the KTH Ship Dynamics Research Program and of other users of Lewis Method when establishing whether a hull-geometry is considered to be “too” unconventional for a two-parameter mapping technique or not. The capability to calculate the RAO in surge is also of interest for KTH Ship Dynamics Research Program since it’s not a feature in SMS.

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  • 9.
    Andersson, Ricky
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Naval ArchitectureRICKY ANDERSSONrickya@kth.se0739-5332522015-06-2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    På allt senare tid har sjöfarten blivit allt mer eftertraktat och ett nödvändigt transportsätt för att frakta de saker som krävs och önskas av oss människor oavsett var på jorden man är. Det finns många olika sorters av fartyg desginade för olika ändamål som t.ex. roro-fartyg för frakt av fordon, containerfartyg för frakt av containers, bulkfartyg för frakt av olja, kol, malm, trä och passagerarfärjor för frakt och nöjesresor med människor.

    Två bulkfartyg har tagits fram för att klara av att frakta 235 000 ton järnmalm(pellets) och har en marschfart på 13,5 knop. Den låga farten gör att kostnaden för frakten kan hållas nere och ändå klara leveransmålet som är 450 000 ton pellets per månad från Narvik, Norge till New York City, USA. Fartyget har slankhetstalet 0,85, vilket nästan motsvarar en fyrkantig låda, allt för att få en stabil gång under färd. Fartyget har en längd på 333 meter och en bred på 57 meter. Motoreffekten för att driva fartyget är 17 000 kW inkluderat en säkerhetsmarginal med 15 % för extremt väder eller tidspress.

    Energibehovet i världen är stora och på grund av att de förnyelsebara energikällorna inte räcker till använder man sig av fossila bränslen. Att hitta olja och gas som är ett fossilt bränsle kräver mycket arbete, både i planering samt utrustning. En del av den olja och gas finns offshore och kräver fartyg för transportering och tömning från oljeriggarna men kan också användas för prospektering.

    Riskerna är dock väldigt stora i denna bransch och måste tas i största beaktning. Det är dyra investeringar i kampen om att hitta de naturtillgångar som finns kvar. Det har i dagsläget blivit aktuellt att undersöka och prospektera i arktiska områden som är helt outforskat, detta ställer givetvis ännu större krav på utrustning och riskerna ökar.

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  • 10.
    Antonatos, Alexandros
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Parametric FE-modeling of High-speed Craft Structures2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The primary aim of the thesis was to investigate aluminum as building material for high speed craft, study the hull structure design processes of aluminum high speed craft and develop a parametric model to reduce the modeling time during nite element analysis. An additional aim of the thesis was to study the degree of validity of the idealizations and the assumptions of the semi-empirical design methods by using the parametric model.

    For the aluminum survey, a large amount of scientic papers and books related to the application of aluminum in shipbuilding industry were re-viewed while for the investigation of hull structure design, several designs of similar craft as well as all the classication rules for high speed craft were examined. The parametric model was developed on Abaqus nite ele-ment analysis software with the help of Python programming language. The study of the idealizations and the assumptions of the semi-empirical design methods was performed on a model derived by the parametric model with scanltings determined by the high speed craft classication rules of ABS.

    The review on aluminum showed that only specic alloys can be applied on marine applications. It also showed that the eect of reduced mechanical properties due to welding could be decreased by introducing new welding and manufacturing techniques. The study regarding the hull structure de-sign processes indicated that high speed craft are still designed according to semi-empirical classication rules but it also showed that there is ten- dency of transiting on direct calculation methods. The developed paramet-ric model does decrease the modeling time since it is capable of modeling numerous structural arrangements. The analysis related to the idealizations and the assumptions of the semi-empirical design methods revealed that the structural hierarchy idealization and the method of dening boundary by handbook type formulas are applicable for the particular structure while the interaction eect among the structural members is only possible to be studied by detailed modeling techniques.

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  • 11.
    Asgeirsson, Gunnar Steinn
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Hydrodynamic Investigation of WavePower Buoys2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With the increasing global demand for energy and environmental awareness, the interestin sustainable energy solutions has grown over the last years including wave energy.In this thesis there is a literature study on Wave Energy Converters (WEC) and a theorychapter on the power in ocean waves. The thesis work was done in in collaboration withCorPower Ocean (CPO), an innovative company developing a WEC. Two buoy shapes,both with two dierent weights were investigated and a comparison made on the eectof latching on power absorption. The work can be separated into two main parts, anumerical simulation and experimental tests.A numerical model incorporated with a mathematical description of CPO Power Take-o(PTO) physics was used to simulate and obtain numerical results on the buoy behaviourin select sea states. The benet of latching was obtained by comparing passively heavingbuoys to latch controlled buoys. The simulation model was used for various analysis ofthe system.Experiments were performed at 1:30 scale on the same buoys in a tank facility. Informationabout the hydrodynamics of the buoy, motion and power absorption was obtainedand the eect of latching on the power absorption found.Results on natural period and radiation damping were obtained and a drag coecientwas estimated.The results show that phase control by latching can substantially increase the powerabsorption of a point absorber and broaden the range of waves it can operate in. Agreementwas found in the numerical model and the experiments when investigating thebenet of latching compared to passively heaving.

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  • 12. Battley, Mark A.
    et al.
    Allen, Tom D.
    Pehrson, Petter
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Stenius, Ivan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Rosén, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Effects of Panel Stiffness on Slamming Responses of Composite Hull Panels2009In: 17th International Conference on Composite Materials, ICCM17, 2009, p. 1-11Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Controlled water slam testing of composite hull panels was conducted to study the effect of hydroelasticity for three panels with different stiffnesses. The experimental methodology successfully characterised the hydroelastic behaviour, which included kinematic as well as inertial effects. Hydroelastic effects included changes in panel geometry, local velocity, fluid pressures, and panel structural responses.

  • 13.
    Battley, Mark
    et al.
    Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
    Stenius, Ivan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Dynamically Loaded Marine Composite Structures2003In: 14th International Conference on Composite Materials, 2003Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Battley, Mark
    et al.
    Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
    Stenius, Ivan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Breder, Johan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Edinger, Susan
    High Modulus (NZ) Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand.
    Dynamic Characterization of Marine Sandwich Structures2005In: 7th International Conference on Sandwich Structures: Advancing with Sandwich Structures and Material, 2005, p. 537-546Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Dynamic experimental and theoretical methods for sandwich panel structures subjected to water slamming are described, including a unique servo-hydraulic controlled slam test system and a pressure based transient finite element technique. The pressure simulation method accurately represents the pressures observed in slamming tests, and the transient dynamic finite element modelling can simulate sandwich panel responses to a slamming load.

  • 15.
    Bayer, Johannes
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    THE DUCKLING PROJECT: Design and manufacturing of autonomous surface vehicles for various application areas2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the times of big data analyses and fast robotic evolution, collecting data is an important part of science. Today we have only explored 5 percent of the ocean, which is less than we have explored Mars. To collect more data of the ocean we need tools, vehicles and equipment, which are designed and used by scientists.  In this technical report, the design of an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) is described. An ASV is a floating vehicle that can conduct manoeuvres and actions autonomously. The ocean environment is in many senses difficult for technically operated vehicles, with the main reasons being high pressure, no possibility of radio communication and of course water, which always is a challenge when combined with water. The concept of this work is to provide a system which consists of four equal ASV units, who can perform different operations. The system should be capable of conducting different kinds of experiments with varying testing equipment. Two ideas have been considered: autonomous depth mapping of inshore areas and locating and following an acoustic source. These two possible scopes are used to find fitting and flexible requirements for the ASV. In the future, the four units should be used by different projects realised by students and researchers, therefore robustness in operation and usability are a main point of focus when determining the requirements.

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  • 16. Bačkalov, I.
    et al.
    Bulian, G.
    Cichowicz, J.
    Eliopoulou, E.
    Konovessis, D.
    Leguen, J. -F
    Rosén, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Themelis, N.
    Ship stability, dynamics and safety: Status and perspectives from a review of recent STAB conferences and ISSW events2016In: Ocean Engineering, ISSN 0029-8018, E-ISSN 1873-5258, Vol. 116, p. 312-349Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Naval Architecture, the concept of "stability" has a very wide meaning, embracing ship stability fundamentals with ship dynamics and ultimately ship safety. As such, the subject is of paramount importance for its wide implications on design and operation of ships and floating units. Research in this field has, therefore, an important impact on the fleet safety, and the International Conferences on Stability of Ships and Ocean Vehicles (STAB Conferences) and the International Ship Stability Workshops (ISSW) are certainly the venues where expertise and contemporary developments in this specific field tend to be collected and thoroughly debated. With the aim of analysing the current status and possible future perspectives of research in the field of ship stability, dynamics and safety, this paper provides an extensive review of the findings presented at STAB Conferences and ISSW events in the period 2009-2014. The reviewed material is organised according to a set of identified macro-topics of research. On the basis of the reviewed material, consolidated research topics as well as emerging subjects are laid out, and ideas for possible future research are also brought forward. Discussion is also provided regarding the link between research and educational aspects.

  • 17. Bačkalov, I.
    et al.
    Bulian, G.
    Rosén, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Shigunov, V.
    Themelis, N.
    Improvement of ship stability and safety in intact condition through operational measures: Challenges and opportunities2016In: Ocean Engineering, ISSN 0029-8018, E-ISSN 1873-5258, Vol. 120, p. 353-361Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Attaining a sufficient level of safety from the point of view of stability is typically considered to be a matter of design. However, it is impossible to ensure safety only by design measures, and operational measures can then represent a complementary tool for efficiently and cost-effectively increasing the overall safety of the vessel. Time could therefore be coming for systematically considering operational measures as a recognised and regulated integral part of a holistic approach to ship safety from the point of view of stability. This paper therefore aims at capturing recent trends of research targeting operational safety measures, with specific attention to the intact ship condition. Open challenges and opportunities for research are identified, potential benefits and shortcomings of different options are discussed, and needs and possibilities for further developments in this area are explored. As an overall goal, this paper aims at providing food for thoughts as well as a ground for further proceeding towards the target of implementing a virtuous integrated approach to intact ship safety, from the point of view of stability, which gives due credit to effective and robust operational risk control options.

  • 18.
    Berg, Johan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Better design of wheel-loaded decks2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study treats the design of secondary structures for wheel-loaded decks. It concludes that significant savings in structural weight, overall cost and environmental impact can be obtained by an improved design. The rules of three classification societies are examined and their principle differences are discussed. Weight and cost optimal solutions of rule-based design are identified for a deck of a typical short-sea RoRo-vessel. The rule-optimal designs are assessed and further improved on the basis of FEcalculations and the economic and environmental benefits associated with the best solutions are approximated.

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  • 19.
    Berggren, Axel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Lindh, Ebba
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    ICE LOADS AND RESISTANCES ON A SMALL COMMUTER VESSEL: A comparative study of rule based design and analytical ice loads and resistances2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the thesis is to investigate what the results are when applying DNV ice class design rules on a vessel that falls outside the validity range and how it does compare to direct calculations. The vessel to be investigated is a smaller ice going commuter ferry intended for freshwater Lake Mälaren in Stockholm.

    Due to increased need of public transport in the area, political decisions have been made to incorporate ferry lines in the public transport system. The number of commuters’ peak during January and February and it is thus necessary to design a ferry that works all year around, in all possible weather conditions, including the ice conditions that occur winter time (Rindeskär, 2014).

    In order to make a comparative study of the DNV ice class and direct calculations with regards to resistances and structural loads on the hull, a general arrangement of the ferry is developed. Icebreaking resistance models based on DNV ice class (Det Norske Veritas, 2014), Riska (Riska, Willhelmson, Englund, & Leiviskä, 1997) and Lindqvist (Lindqvist, 1989) can be compared based on the ferry’s main data. The bow section of the hull is designed to handle the DNV design pressure according to DNV ice class 1C. The structural response is investigated using a finite element model, applying different load cases given from DNV as well as from the studied semi empirical ice load models mentioned above.

    The bow design is of great importance for the icebreaking performance and the speed. The greater the stem angles the higher the resistance. A large variation in the results was also noted as only Lindqvist’s model took the freshwater ice properties into account. Further measurements have to be made in freshwater for smaller vessels to validate the results.

    In the FE-analysis it was seen that the hull structure coped well with the DNV design pressure of 1 MPa. However, the empirical design pressure of 1.5 MPa resulted in too high stresses in the structure. The result indicates that the design rules work well for the intended design pressure, but the minimum empirical design pressure is still higher than the DNV design pressure for the commuter vessel. It can be that the DNV design rules can be used in the case of the ferry, but further investigations has to be made with regards to minimum design pressure.

    In general, the results can be used as a basis for further investigations in the field of vessels operating in freshwater ice conditions.

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  • 20.
    Bergsek, Mattias
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    THRUST PREDICTION PROGRAM FOR MARINE JET POWER2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Marine Jet Power, MJP wishes to investigate the possibility of transforming their current Thrust Prediction Program, TPP written in C++ source code into a more up to date tool for their sales staff. The old TPP, though an accurate and precise tool, is not documented and lacks commentaries in the source code. Therefore the beginning of this master thesis was about documenting and investigates what methods were used to calculate the performance of the water jet system.The next step was splitting the long C++ source code in to smaller functions, this was done using MatLab where several m-files were created with the different functions in. C++ syntax and structure differs from MatLab so the source code must be translated in to MatLab syntax. Once the new TPP was translated and the calculation results were identical with the old TPP a Graphical User Interface, GUI was created and presented to MJP. The current MatLab TPP is not finished, only two of four calculation modes have been translated and MJP wants modifications in the GUI. The additional work needed in order to have the sales tool MJP wishes is currently discussed.

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  • 21.
    Björnsson, Lars
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Comparison of Idealized 1D and Forecast 2D Wave Spectra in Ship Response Predictions2013Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Commonly, when calculating ship responses one uses idealized wave spectra to represent the sea. In the idealized model, the sea is frequently assumed to consist of swell and windwaves, which are usually represented by idealized 1D wave spectra, and the directionality of wind-waves is accounted for by multiplication with a standard spreading function. In operational response predictions these idealized spectra are typically generated by extracted parameters from real directional 2D wave spectra obtained from a weather forecast, i.e. spectra that reflects the sea state conditions for the particular place and time. It is generally not known in a statistical sense how large the errors become when idealized wave spectra are used to represent 2D wave spectra, especially not regarding the directionality. The objective with the study is hence to assess the errors that arise when adopting this simplification.

    The analysis compares three ship types that cover different combinations of hull form, load condition and operational conditions: a 153m RORO ship, a 219 m PCTC and a 240m bulk carrier. Chosen response parameters are roll motion, vertical acceleration and wave added resistance, which were calculated in 12240 sea states, for 10 speeds and 36 courses for each ship. The sea states are forecast 2D spectra from the North Atlantic 25th of September 2012. Transfer functions were generated from the hull geometry and realistic load conditions at speeds 2-20 knots. For each sea state-speed-course combination, responses were calculated for 2D wave spectra and corresponding generalized spectra. The error is taken as the difference in response between results obtained with 2D and idealized spectra, using 2D-results as reference. Several statistical measures were used to represent the errors for one sea state with only one number, and among them the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and the worst possible error (WPE) are regarded most relevant.

    The results show that the relative error decreases with increasing share of wind waves and decreasing share of swell. Multi-directionality of wind waves causes large errors only for small waves, and it is concluded that for higher sea states (for which the wind waves are predominant) the Bretschneider representation with spreading function leads to small relative errors. Absolute errors are considered the only relevant for investigating the effect of the error on seakeeping calculations. In general, the RMS acceleration levels are in the order of percentages of one g for all ships. For the bulker, WPE and RMSE for wave added resistance was found to be 8.3% and 3.8% of the total calm-water hull resistance in general, and almost 50% in worst case. The roll angle bias could reach up to 15. Also, the effect of ship speed was investigated, and it shows that the error increases in general with higher speed. It is concluded that it is necessary to use 2D spectra in order to avoid large errors, and to keep performance predictions correct on average.

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  • 22.
    Blomberg, Karl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Gross, Jonas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Conceptual Study of a USV for theSwedish Navy2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis is an initial conceptual study of an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) for the

    Swedish Navy. The purpose is to highlight challenges and possibilities connected to

    unmanning a vessel and to suggest one specific concept.

    Generating one concept meant weighing characteristics of different hull types against one

    another to derive a valuable compromise. The generated concept includes a feature of

    longitudinal bulkheads separating an inner, dry volume from outer ballast volumes. The

    latter fill with seawater at low velocities, causing the hull to partly submerge which in turn

    decreases signature and increases ballistic protection within the semi-submerged speed

    range. The!concept!measures 6.2 by 2.3 meters, weigh, approximately 1800 kg and may

    reach a calm water top speed of 44 knots. Investigating needs and potentials of an

    unmanned vessel within the Swedish Navy resulted in a set of requirements, including the

    possibility to arm the USV. This study investigates feasibility of carrying the SAAB Trackfire

    remote weapon platform aboard.

    Development of the initial USV concept was focused on aspects of naval architecture,

    including the making of a!general arrangement, evaluating materials, a structural design,

    stability and power need analysis. Although unmanned vessels are likely to be subject to

    lessened structural safety factors as opposed to manned, scantling determination is based

    on DNV rules for classification of High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft.

     

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  • 23.
    Brodin, Felix
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Kandidatexamensarbete Marina system KTH 20152015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport innehåller både en fartygsprojektering och en undersökning huruvida man med hjälp av kraftdrakar kan minska bränsleförbrukningen på oceangående motortrålare. Fartygsprojekteringen gäller ett RoRo-fartyg som ska frakta 300 lastbilar, inklusive passagerare och trailers varje vecka till Åbo respektive till Oxelösund, medan den sistnämnda undersökningen är gjord på en Diesel Duck 462 - en typ av fritidsbåt för helt andra ändamål. Syftena med dessa undersökningar skiljer sig så pass mycket att de tilldelas varsina separata abstrakt.

    I fartygsprojekteringen ingår utöver ett designförslag på själva fartyget även ett designförslag på en tillhörande propeller. De två metoderna som tillämpas för denna propellermodellering förklaras separat i ett Propellerappendix i bilaga 3, där även tillhörande Matlab-koder återfinnes. Som bilaga finns även en kort essä om sjöfart i stort – se bilaga 6.

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  • 24.
    Brodin, Felix
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Praktisk modellering av vitvatten i den turbulenta vaken för jämförelse av marina propulsorer2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A semi-empirical model for calculating the whitewater signature in the turbulent wake was derived based on optical studies of the Combat Boat 90H and Buster Magnum. The background to the study is an increased threat from Satellite remote sensing towards the swedish marine military forces. A demarcation is made to the vessels of the Amphibious Corps. White-water traces are clearly visible in the optical spectrum and are inevitably emitted from both hull and propulsor at planning speed. At sufficiently reduced speed, the sea surface signature from the hull disappear in satellite sensors, but the white water from the jet-powered amphibious vessels (Combat boat 90 and Fast Supply Vessel) continues to emit large amounts of white water. Both a higher white-water-free marching speed and shorter white-water tracks reduces traceability with space-borne sensors. This brings attention to the choice of propulsor. Today there are no established methods for comparison and thus no established requirements for their whitewater signature. Input variables to the model are local void fraction measured in the surface of the turbulent wake and the salinity of the water. A measuring proposal based on the conductivity probe method is presented in the report. Given these input variables are known, the model is more convenient for comparative studies than hydrodynamic simulations or active acoustics. Significant operational, environmental and design variables are taken into account which makes the model better suited for planning vessels operating in greatly varying water conditions (such as the Baltic Sea) than previous existing semi-empirical equivalents.

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  • 25.
    Burman, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Kuttenkeuler, Jakob
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the Hull of a High Speed Craft2011In: 16th International Conference on Composite Structures / [ed] Prof Antonio Ferreria, 2011Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Burman, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Kuttenkeuler, Jakob
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of theHull of a High Speed CraftIn: Composite structures, ISSN 0263-8223, E-ISSN 1879-1085Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    A comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been performed on the hull of a 24 meter long high speed patrol craft. The aim of the study is to compare different structural materials concepts to determine differences and sensitivities in environmental impact, especially in relation to the total impact including fuel burn. The material concepts studied are aluminium and various composite combinations consisting of glass fibre and carbon fibre with vinyl ester resin both as single skins and as sandwich with a Divinycell foam core. For each material concept a unique and weight optimized structural design was employed fulfilling the DNV high speed craft design code [1]. All identical systems and components for the five hull concepts are omitted in the LCA and hence a comparative study is performed focused on the hull structure. The commercial software SimaPro have been utilized for the LCA calculations and the impact assessment method chosen is the CML Baseline 2000.

    The structural optimization carried out in [1] show that a weight reduction by to up to 50% (on the hull) could be achieved by switching from aluminium to a carbon fibre sandwich concept. The weight reduction switching from glass fibre single skin to a carbon fibre sandwich concept is roughly 20%.

     

    The LCA study performed herein shows that, regardless of hull material concept, the environmental impact is by large dominated by the usage phase due to relatively large fuel consumption. A lower structural weight will reduce the fuel consumption and hence the environmental impact. This is illustrated in fig. 1 for the aluminum hull. All different phases of the life cycle are plotted for all environmental impact categories assessed herein. The green color is related to the operation phase and the red is the manufacturing phase. As observed the operation phase is dominating.

     

    In fig. 2 are the results from the LCA presented for all hull concepts and for all environmental impact factors. The Al-hull is the concept with highest structural weight (red bars) and hence was found to have the highest environmental impact. The carbon fibre sandwich hull (green bars) had the lowest weight of the five and consequently the lowest environmental impact.

    In the normalization analysis performed, in which different impact factors are assessed using a common impact unit, three impact factors stand out as dominating, independent of hull concept; Abiotic depletion, Global warming and Acidification. All these impact factors are herein associated with the usage phase and diesel consumption. If the operation phase is omitted and only the manufacturing phase (including the material extraction/manufacturing) is studied the observation is that the aluminium concept still will have the largest environmental impact for all categories. The most significant environmental impact is now on the marine and the fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity which is associated with the aluminium raw material excavation and manufacturing processes.

     

  • 27.
    Burman, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
    Kuttenkeuler, Jakob
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
    Stenius, Ivan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
    Garme, Karl
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
    Rosen, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of the hull of a high-speed craft2016In: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment (Part M), ISSN 1475-0902, E-ISSN 2041-3084, Vol. 230, no 2, p. 378-387Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A comparative Life Cycle Assessment is performed for different structural material concepts on a 24-m-long high-speed patrol craft. The study is comparative and determines the differences in and sensitivities to environmental impact, especially in relation to the total impact of fuel burn for the different material concepts. The material concepts are aluminium and various composite combinations consisting of glass fibre and carbon fibre with vinyl ester resin both as single skins and as sandwich with a Divinycell foam core. Commercially available standard Life Cycle Assessment software is used for the Life Cycle Assessment calculations. The study shows that regardless of hull material concept, the environmental impact is dominated by the operational phase due to relatively large fuel consumption. In the operational phase, the lightest carbon-fibre concept is shown to have least environmental impact. Considering the manufacturing phase exclusively for the different hull concepts, it is concluded that the manufacturing of the aluminium hull has a somewhat larger environment impact for the majority of Life Cycle Assessment impact categories in comparison to the different composite hulls. The significant impact on the marine and the fresh water aquatic ecotoxicity originates from the aluminium raw material excavation and manufacturing processes. It is shown that the lightest hull, the carbon-fibre sandwich concept, with a 50% structural weight reduction compared to the aluminium design, can be utilized to reduce the fuel consumption by 20% (775 ton of diesel) over the lifetime with significant impact on the dominating environmental aspects considered herein, abiotic depletion, global warming and acidification.

  • 28.
    Burman, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Rosén, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Zenkert, Dan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Spectrum Slam Fatigue Loading of Sandwich Materials for Marine Structures2010Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sandwich materials are more frequently used in high speed craft and ferries. The motivation is reduced weight and associated operational cost. The hull structure in these vessels is subjected to repeated (fatigue) slamming loads (high strain rate loading). Scantling societies treat sandwich materials differently in their design rules. In common reduction or safety factors on the static strength of sandwich materials are used calculating the design stress. In most rules there is no explicit consideration of fatigue performance nor of the altered material properties related to high strain rate loading. In this work actual response measurements on a high speed vessel are used to formulate a tentative slam fatigue loading spectrum for sandwich core materials. This spectrum is then used in the testing of one type of core material common in hulls panels, Divinycell H200. The slam spectrum fatigue results are then compared to fatigue test results based on constant amplitude loading based on a method of equivalent stress. Earlier studies indicate that slamming fatigue do not affect the life compared to constant amplitude loading. However there are also studies that indicate that both a static overload (post the yield point) prior to fatigue loading, and block sequence fatigue loadings with initial high amplitudes followed by low amplitude have a detrimental effect of the fatigue life. In the current study both various amplitudes and high strain rates are included in the fatigue loading sequence. The spectrum fatigue results match the fatigue life from the constant amplitude loading. However, the number of samples is limited and the different effects of fatigue at high strain rates and fatigue block sequence are not fully clarified. It is possible that those effects may counteract each other in the current work. Further studies on sandwich foam core material properties and improvement of methods for material characterization is concluded to be of interest and will follow.

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  • 29.
    Börjeson, Simon
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Ghawi, Philippe
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Energieffektiv Linjesjöfart Till Och Från Gotland2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    The ferry traffic to Gotland is essential for the island’s ability to live and develop. Yearly, it transports 1,6 million passengers, 500 000 personal vehicles and 750 000 lane meters of freight with four Ro-Pax ferries. The traffic is controlled and subsidized by the Swedish government since 1971 in order to guarantee the inhabitants and industry of Gotland a satisfactory transportation service. As a consequence of the past decades increased traffic quality, mainly due to a decrease in crossing times, the traffic’s environmental impact and costs has also increased.

    The Master Thesis proposes a new energy efficient traffic arrangement that satisfies the users’ preferences in the same extent as today. The report presents the proposed traffic arrangement’s resulting energy demand and approximate costs, its ships, their routes, speeds and daily capacity. The report also presents the self-developed methodology which is used to evaluate and hence generate the final traffic arrangement. The methodology is called E-fleet in its programmed format.

    The Master Thesis, Energy Efficient Ferry Traffic to and from Gotland, shows that the Gotland Ferry Traffic can, with conventional technology, operate with 49 % less carbon dioxide emissions and with 200 million kronor less in fuel costs than today, without decreasing the traffic quality. The economical and environmental savings are achieved through a well planned traffic with suitable tonnage on appropriate routes.

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  • 30.
    Cai, Xiaochi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Ship response estimation in early design stage2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A practical way to estimate the ship response in early design stage is investigated in this thesis. Focus has been put on the ship vertical bending moment and shear force in operation area. ISSC spectrum is used to indicate the sea state. Napa strip method is employed to derive the transfer function. The ship response is thus generated in frequency domain. The vertical bending moment and shear force along the ship are then calculated according to the critical wave case indicated from the response function.

    Based on the results, the validation of DNV-GL rule and IACS rule is discussed. In this case, the overestimation is discovered for the still water vertical bending moment and shear force. On the other hand, there is underestimation in wave vertical bending moment and shear force. The total vertical bending moment and shear force is reasonable. Since only static loads and total loads are required in the rules, the rules are judged as valid in the early design stage.

    The feasibility of Napa strip method has been commented and the Napa strip method is judged practical according to its accuracy and time consumption. For ship design, the wavelength and the wave steepness are the main parameters affecting the loads on hull. The block coefficient is crucial for the nonlinearity in hogging and sagging condition.

    More models, especially other types of ships are expected to be analysed for this topic in future study. Other methods, such as panel method could take into use in the future work. The probability of operation can be further developed based on this study.

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  • 31.
    Caillaud, Antoine
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Development of an hydrodynamic hull model for slender planning hulls based on the 2D+t theory2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A two-dimensional Boundary Element Method (BEM) based on potential flow theory is developed. Exact body boundary conditions and fully nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are considered in order to accurately model nonlinear wave-body interactions. The two-dimensional symmetric water entry of a wedge is studied. Gravity effects are generally included and several numerical treatments are performed. Van Karman's theory is used to simulate the first instant of the water entry. A jet cut-off model is developed in order to tackle the problem of a thin water jet running up along the hull. Smoothing and regriding of the free surface profile are implemented and performed at each time step in order to limit numerical errors and instabilities. Reliable pressure results and first encouraging results are obtained when non-viscous flow separation happens.

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  • 32.
    Carlsson, Carl-Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Naval Architecture Kandidatexamensarbete2015Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sjofart

    This chapter is an essay that describes the role of shipping from a historical point of view as well as the impact of shipping on society.

    Fartygsprojektering

    This chapter is a projection of a ship that can transport 120 000 tonnes of crude oil from Venezuela to Seattle in the United states. The result of this projection is two ship that is 265 meters long and 40 meters wide that transport 80 000 tonnes of oil to Seattle before returning to Venezuela. This journey will take 40 days with a speed of 13 knots. The ship fufillls all regulations that it needs to fufilll.

    Fordjupning

    This chapter focuses on a request for information issued by Stockholm county council concerning public transport on water. The routes covered in this report are those planned for Malaren. These routes are at the time for writing of this report non existing. From this RFI, the authors of this chapter have developed three different ships, two catamarans and one single hull vessel, that carry between 70 and 150 persons. The catamarans have the dimensions of 10 x 25 meters with four or six doors each. The doors are 2,5 meters wide, which allow for fast embarkment and disembarkment. The single hull vessel is 20 x 6 meters and has only one door. The catamarans are partially driven by electricity, which is in line with Stockholm county council's vision of a vehicle fleet driven by 90% renewable fuels. To accommodate these ships in port, a pier concept has also been conceived. This pier is a floating one, with automatic gang planks which hold theship in place, when in port.

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  • 33.
    Castaldi, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Experimental study on stepped spray deflectors for planning hull2020Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Planning vessels can reach high operational speeds thanks to their hull design. Some hull forms will develop large volumes of spray attached to the hull surface. The whisker spray is a thin layer consisting in droplets of water which can ac-count for a large proportion of the total resistance. A new concept to redirect the spray, called de°ectors, has been developed by the Swedish company Petestep. These de°ectors indicate higher e˝ciency than the time-proven spray rails tech-nology by removing a bigger portion of the spray area. The spray is re°ected back-wards rather than to the sides, which allows kinetic energy contained in the spray sheet to be converted to additional forward thrust. However, there have only been a few studies conducted on the e˛ects of de°ectors and there is no precise method to analyze their e˝ciency over the full range of operating speeds. For the above-mentioned reason, experimental testing is needed to have a more complete under-standing of the phenomenon in calm water and waves. In this study, model scale tests of a modular planning hull are carried out at the Davidson Laboratory towing tank. The goal is to verify the beneÿts of the spray de°ectors by direct comparison with the bare hull conÿguration at the same trim angle.

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  • 34.
    Cederlund, Birger
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Product Development; Water-cleaning Device for the Boat Wash, Miniwash2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Antifouling paints are a big enemy to the marine ecosystem.  Many tons of copper,  zinc  and  other  harmful  substances  are  released  into  the  environment each year, in Sweden alone. 

    This study concentrates on the mechanical antifouling method, using boat washes instead, which is a more sustainable alternative. It comes with reduced fuel consumption, increased speed, and moreover, no need for grinding and painting the hull each year. 

    As long as paint residues remain on hulls, but the boat washes are used instead of new paint, it is desired to collect what is scraped of the hulls. By collecting paint flakes and particles accumulated in organic material, the environmental impact is reduced further.  The scope of this Master’s thesis is to design a collection device for the portable boat wash Miniwash. 

    A collection device with a cleaning system was developed using the pump effect from the brushes along with an extra pump to press the contaminated water through a bag filter taking most of the particles. One can expect as much as 70% of   the   harmful   particles   can   be   taken   care   of,   according   to   the   filter manufacturer, based on given conditions and filter bag pore sizes. By always having a  flow of 8  cubic meters per hour through the cleaning system, it  is assumed  that  not  much  of  the  cleaning  water  will  escape,  not  passing  through The bag filter.

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  • 35.
    Cheemakurthy, Harsha
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Load case analysis for a resonant Wave Energy Converter2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    As we progress beyond the information age, there is a growing urgency towards sustainability. This word is synonymous with the way we produce energy and there is an awareness to gradually shift towards green energy production. Corpower Ocean aims at producing energy by utilizing the perpetual motion of ocean waves through the motion of small floating buoys. Unlike previous designs, this buoy utilizes the phenomenon of Resonance thus greatly enhancing the energy output.

    In the thesis, the simulation model developed by Corpower Ocean to virtually describe the buoy in operation was validated. This was done by comparing forces obtained from buoy scale model experiments, simulation model and ORCAFELXTM software. After satisfactory validation was established, the shortcomings in the simulation model were identified. Next the simulation model was used to generate data for all sea states for a target site with given annual sea state distribution. This information was then used to predict ultimate loads, statistical loads, motions and equivalent load for a given fatigue life and loading cycles. The results obtained are then treated with a statistical tool called Variation Mode and Effect Analysis to quantify the uncertainty in design life prediction and estimate the factor of safety. The information will be used by the design team to develop the buoy design further. Finally the issue of survivability was addressed by checking buoy behavior in extreme waves in ORCAFLEXTM. Different survivability strategies were tested and videos were captured for identifying slack events and studying buoy behavior in Extreme conditions.

    The work aims at validating a technology that is green from environmental and economic point of view.

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  • 36.
    Cheemakurthy, Harsha
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Naval Systems.
    Garme, Karl (Contributor)
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Urban waterborne public transport systems: An overview of existing operations in world cities2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report aims to collate information on existing waterborne public transport systems in order to provide a resource for cities that may be considering implementing a water transit network. Stockholm City Council has recently expressed interest in expanding its existing inland waterway network to facilitate increased passenger transport capacity within the city and surrounding districts. This report introduces waterway public transportation systems currently operating in 23 cities around the world to provide an overview of the current state of urban water transit globally. Key operational metrics have been identified and described which have been chosen in order to be most relevant in assessing water transport options for cities. Information regarding system organization, route structure, schedules, and vessels have been compiled. In addition, operational factors contributing to the success of existing water transit systems have also been highlighted as per existing literature. Such characteristics introduced in the report overview include transport integration within the wider public transport network, public perception and feasibility of implementation, land use implications, and the role of water transport in tourism and leisure travel. Efforts toward incorporating environmental sustainability are also briefly addressed. Cities have been divided into three broad categories based on the geographic size and passenger carrying capacity of each water transit system. There were 13 cities identified as large scale, 6 as medium scale and 4 as small scale, or in nascent stages of development. Facilities on board vessels and also terminal infrastructure are compared, as well as any unique features or operating characteristics, which are highlighted. Finally, the systems are mapped a scale in order to compare route structures and scope of operation.

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  • 37.
    Cheemakurthy, Harsha
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
    Zhang, Meng
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.
    Garme, Karl
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Burman, Magnus
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Ehlers, S.
    Germany.
    Franz Von Bock, R. U.
    Germany.
    Polach, x
    Germany.
    Statistical estimation of uncertainties associated with ship operations in fresh water ice2018In: Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers , 2018, p. 1608-1615Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Operational Time Window (OTW) and its confidence level are important for vessels operating in ice covered waters. This can be evaluated by quantifying all contributing factors in terms of their influence along with respective associated uncertainties. For a case study involving a barge operating in Lake Mälaren, Sweden, five criteria are evaluated, and associated uncertainties are quantified using Variation Mode and Effect Analysis (VMEA) to give individual contribution towards overall uncertainty. Ship resistance due to ice and ice loads dominated over other criteria with highest contributions to uncertainty at 28% and 72% respectively.

  • 38.
    Claudel, Remi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Seakeeping enhancement bylengthening a ship2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, a tentative assessment of a passive solution for pitch decrease, namely the increase in length of the studied ship, is made. The hull form of the lengthened version of the ship is derived from the reference hull form after utilization of Lackenby’s sectional area curve transformation through a prismatic coefficient change (Reference [3]), and utilization of a sectional area curve “swinging” induced by a change of longitudinal position of the centre of buoyancy. Following this, and after a complementary mass estimate of the lengthened version, seakeeping calculations are made and show a significant decrease in pitch, from almost 35% for low sea states to 20% for relatively high sea states. To conclude this study, operability for classic NATO frigate missions have been calculated and the decrease in pitch induces a slight gain in operability for the lengthened version.

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  • 39.
    de Alwis, Pahansen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Crew acceleration exposure, health and performance in high speed operations at sea2017In: Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on High Speed Marine Vehicles, (HSMV2017), 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 40.
    De Alwis, Pahansen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    METHODS FOR SHOCK ANDVIBRATION EVALUATION APPLIEDON OFFSHORE POWER BOATS2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Vibration is a part of human life. People use vibrations in many useful ways but eventually human exposure to vibration has become an impediment to human life. Health problems due to exposure to

    vibration and shock are common among the crew operating high speed craft (HSC). Whole body vibration and repeated shocks have been identified as one of the major causes for health effects among

    HSC crew. Whole body vibration can affect health, comfort and performance depending on the magnitude, waveform and time of exposure. Therefore it is prudent the significance of consideration of

    human exposure to vibration and shock when deciding the operational envelope of an offshore HSC. This report addresses this question in two correlated parts where it identifies the interrelationship between the

    human exposure to vibration and shock and the operational envelope of HSC. The first part consists of a state of the art review on methods and measures for evaluation of workplaces exposed to vibrations

    containing multiple shocks and select a suitable method to be used in the second part. The second part is a case study of a Swedish Coast Guard HSC, KBV 476, which describes crew exposure to shock and

    vibration using the method selected from the state of the art review, and discusses the results in relation to the risks involved with the crew in the perspective of short and long term exposure. Nature of the

    vibration exposure and the corresponding risk involved is then discussed with respect to the operational envelope of the craft.

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  • 41.
    de Alwis, Pahansen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    On Evaluation of Working Conditions aboard High-Performance Marine Craft2018Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    High-Performance Marine Craft (HPMC) is a complex system confronted by the stochastic nature of the waves challenging the safety of life at sea. The personnel aboard these craft are vulnerable to detrimental conditions, in fact, limiting the system’s performance evoking the significance of the Human Factors Integration (HFI) in the design and operation of these craft. The risks related to the work environments at sea have inadequately been investigated. A consistently identified fact is that the exposure to work environments containing vibration and repeated shock elevates the risk of adverse effects on human health and performance. In the event that the exposure risk is known, the situation can be managed by the operators and the legislated health and safety demands can be achieved by the employer. Moreover, when quantification of the exposure-effect relationships is potential, human factors, in terms of health and performance, can be integrated into HPMC design and operation. However, the knowledge is limited about the adverse health and performance effects among the High-Performance Marine Craft Personnel (HPMCP), the factors causing theses effects and their relationships.

    The thesis presents a holistic approach for the integration of human factors, in terms of health and performance, into HPMC design and operation. A research program has been designed branching the design and operational requirements of HPMC concerning HFI. A method is introduced for a real-time crew feedback system, which monitors and characterizes vibration and shock conditions aboard HPMC, enabling determination of the risk of acute injuries due to the high-intensity instantaneous impact exposure and the acquired risk of adverse health and performance effects due to the accumulated vibration exposure. This brings forth the requirement of epidemiological studies in order to strengthen the exposure-effect relationships. Therefore, web-based questionnaire tools are developed, validated and pilot tested for cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation of health and performance in HPMCP. The work exposure is measured aboard HPMC in terms of vibration and investigated in relation to the adverse health and performance event onsets, and the ride perception of the personnel aboard.

    The introduced method for the real-time crew feedback is capable of informing the exposure risk in terms of human health and performance. The questionnaire tools are feasible for epidemiologically surveying HPMCP and similar populations providing data for investigating adverse health and performance effects, risk factors and their relationships. Promising trends are observed between the quantified work exposure and the health and performance onsets, and the human perception.

    The work will be continued to identify the exposure-effect relationships facilitating better use of the existing standards, supporting ongoing development of the existing standards and providing information to draw appropriate design and operational limits in rules and regulations.

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  • 42.
    de Alwis, Pahansen
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Garme, Karl
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Monitoring and characterization of vibration and shock conditions aboard high-performance marine craft2018In: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment (Part M), ISSN 1475-0902, E-ISSN 2041-3084, Vol. 233, no 4, p. 1068-1081Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The stochastic environmental conditions together with craft design and operational characteristics make it difficult to predict the vibration environments aboard high-performance marine craft, particularly the risk of impact acceleration events and the shock component of the exposure often being associated with structural failure and human injuries. The different timescales and the magnitudes involved complicate the real-time analysis of vibration and shock conditions aboard these craft. The article introduces a new measure, severity index, indicating the risk of severe impact acceleration, and proposes a method for real-time feedback on the severity of impact exposure together with accumulated vibration exposure. The method analyzes the immediate 60s of vibration exposure history and computes the severity of impact exposure as for the present state based on severity index. The severity index probes the characteristic of the present acceleration stochastic process, that is, the risk of an upcoming heavy impact, and serves as an alert to the crew. The accumulated vibration exposure, important for mapping and logging the crew exposure, is determined by the ISO 2631:1997 vibration dose value. The severity due to the impact and accumulated vibration exposure is communicated to the crew every second as a color-coded indicator: green, yellow and red, representing low, medium and high, based on defined impact and dose limits. The severity index and feedback method are developed and validated by a data set of 27 three-hour simulations of a planning craft in irregular waves and verified for its feasibility in real-world applications by full-scale acceleration data recorded aboard high-speed planing craft in operation.

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  • 43.
    de Alwis, Pahansen
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Garme, Karl
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Monitoring and characterization of vibration and shock conditions aboard high-performance marine craftManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Detlefsen, Olof
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Predicting the Effects of Interaction between Yachts Sailing Upwind2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The ever-growing yachting industry has come to play an important role in the maritime sector, resulting in an increasing demand for highly technologically advanced cruising and racing sailing yachts. In the aim of producing faster yachts and faster sails designers and sailors has come a long way understanding the science of sailing. While the theories and reality of airflow around one or more sails is widely explored the influence of introducing another yacht in close proximity is however not. The principal value of investigating the influence of interaction between yachts would apply to methods of using this knowledge to create an advantage in a racing situation. In extension practical applications would be on-board decision support software rather than progression of yacht and sail design.

    The aim of this thesis project is to create a greater understanding for the phenomena of interaction and how to better predict the effects of interaction by conducting a series of experiments in The University of Auckland Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel. A general approach to the problem was used including investigation of obvious factors such as the yachts relative position, sail trim and wind angle but also more specific factors such as heel angle and sail design were considered.

    After establishing the distribution and range of significant interaction influence, a 3-dimensional flow field mapping was performed following an investigation attempting to quantify the influence of 2-dimensional versus 3-dimensional effects. Evaluation of different techniques for measuring interaction and the accuracy of the measurements has been fundamentally important throughout the project.

    The results, presented as a summary of performed wind tunnel tests, show the effects of interaction that may be experienced for a specific sailing scenario (Stage 1) and how the theory of interaction may be approached in three dimensions (Stage2)

    The implication of these results reveals the difficulty of fully explaining all aspects of the interaction phenomena or even more so creating a theoretical model valid for all conditions and scenarios. With consideration made to the limitations and possibilities of an creating an empirical model addressed in this report extensive full-scale testing may however serve as sufficient input to future decision support software.

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  • 45.
    Deutsch, Clemens
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Lättkonstruktioner, marina system, flyg- och rymdteknik, rörelsemekanik.
    On the Performance of Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: Enhancing the Endurance of AUVs2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are robotic platforms that are commonly used to gather environmental data, provide bathymetric images, and perform manipulation tasks. These robots are used not only for scientific, but also for industrial and military purposes. Climate change, political instabilities, and the increasing demand for both renewable and fossil energy sources have created a need for high-performance AUVs and particularly long-range AUVs.

    The performance of long-range AUVs is characterised by several parameters, such as autonomous decision making, accurate navigation, system reliability, and vehicle endurance. The vehicle’s endurance is the key capability enabling long-range missions and is determined by the energy capacity and power consumption. By cruising at optimum speed, the vehicle endurance can be utilised most efficiently, resulting in the longest achievable vehicle range. The range of AUVs can be extended by maximising the available energy capacity and by minimising the overall power consumption. This thesis shows how the choices of propulsion system and power source can help improving the range of AUVs.

    The power consumption comprises the hotel load and propulsive power. While the hotel load is largely depending on the payload sensors, the propulsive power can be minimised by choosing the right propulsion system. As a part of this thesis, the transit performance of underwater gliders is analysed using an analytical approach. The analysis yields a glide metric for the assessment of the energy efficiency of underwater gliding and allows for comparison to other conventional propulsion systems.

    The most common energy systems for AUVs are primary and secondary electrochemical cells, in particular lithium-ion batteries. Alternative energy systems such as fuel cell (FC) systems can potentially improve the range of AUVs. Through a conceptual design study using off-the-shelf components, it is shown how FC systems can increase the energy capacity of AUVs. FC systems are typically implemented as hybrid systems paired with a small capacity battery system. Energy management strategies (EMS) are required to coordinate these two power sources. In this thesis, deterministic and optimisation-based strategies have been tested in simulations and evaluated against realistic AUV power consumption data from field trials. The results suggest that the complexity of the EMS needs to grow with mission complexity. While deterministic methods can yield the lowest energy consumption for standard missions (e.g. bathymetric imaging), optimisation-based methods provide best load-following behavior, making these methods better suited for retaining power reliability through maintaining battery state of charge.

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  • 46.
    Deutsch, Clemens
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Gao, Yedun
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Development of a Sonar forUnderwater Sensor Platformsand Surface Vehicles2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the frame of a thesis project the authors have developed software and methodologies for a sonar prototype. The ultimate goal is the installation of the sonar prototype on the department’s sensor platforms, which include AUVs and ASVs.

    The thesis presents the intelligent sampling algorithms and DSP tools, e.g. a matched filter, that have been implemented. The sonar was successfully configured to work as an echo sounder. Tests were performed in the underwater laboratory at FOI and in-situ in the Stockholm archipelago. It was found that the sonar is capable of measuring distances with an average error of less than 1 cm in controlled experiments. The in-situ experiments in Baggensfjärden showed a echo detection rate of ≈90 %.

    Unfortunately, due to hardware limitations, attempts to implement DVL functions have failed. However, background theory and methodologies for velocity measurements, communication and positioning are briefly explained to provide a basis for future work.

    The electronics currently are subject to improvements and a new version is expected to be ready for use soon. Future work will include analysis and integration of velocity sensing, communication protocols and positioning concepts.

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  • 47.
    Dhomé, Ulysse
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Further development and performance evaluation of the autonomous sailing boat Maribot Vane2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes the ongoing development of Maribot Vane, an autonomous sailing vessel at the Maritime Robotics Laboratory of KTH, the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. There is an ac-celerating need for ocean sensing where autonomous vehicles can play a key role in assisting scientists with environmental monitoring and collecting oceanographic data. The purpose of Maribot Vane is to offer a sus-tainable alternative for these autonomous missions by using wind and an energy efficient self-steering mecha-nism. The rig is composed of a free-rotating wing fitted with a coupled control surface. A completely novel wind vane self-steering solution has been developed and is being evaluated. A key point in the development of the vessel is robustness, with a goal of being able to sail in open seas for long period of times. The paper discusses some key concepts, the development method and presents initial results of the new systems.

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  • 48.
    Djurberg, Ebba
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    SANDWICH VERSUS SINGLE SKIN: Material Concept of a Patrol Boat in a Life Cycle Cost Perspective2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report describes the Master Thesis Project "Single Skin Versus Sandwich: Material Concept of a Patrol Boat in a Life Cycle Cost Perspective" performed at Kockums AB, Karlskrona, and reviewed and graded at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.

    There are both economic and environmental gains of developing fuel-efficient (light) vessels. Kockums have successfully produced ships in sandwich composite material, which is a light and stiff but expensive material concept. Building a vessel in single skin composite might result in a lower total life cycle cost due to several factors. Kockums wish to acquire more information of the affecting factors thus they have initiated this project.

    The project includes analyzing the accumulated cost of a concept patrol vessel while changing five variables: class notation ("Patrol" or "Passenger"), operational profile (10 or 35 knots), material concept (sandwich or single skin), material (carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)) and choice of propulsion system (controllable pitch propeller (CPP), Inboard Performance System (IPS) or water jet) resulting in 48 versions of the vessel. First, the structural arrangement was adapted to the design loads of each version by iteratively seeking the maximal structural utilization of the elements. This was done by using a computational tool (RSTRUCT) that allows for effective scantling calculation. Then, the material, production and operational cost were determined for each version and the break-even points in terms of years of operation were found.

    The results gave insights concerning the characteristics of the different material concepts. The single skin versions were found to be both heavier (70 %) and more costly in terms of material and production cost (17 %) in relation to their sandwich equivalents. The break-even points between CFRP versions and GFRP versions were ranging between 4 and 14 years, depending on operational profile. For example, for a very low speed profile passenger vessel the break-even point was 40 years, implying that the GFRP version was the most beneficial choice. Regarding propulsion choices, the IPS system was the best choice for every version due to its high overall propulsive coefficient in a broad speed range.

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  • 49.
    Draksharam, Manohara Ranganath
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Modelling of Elastic Ship in Waves2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Ships in the seas undergo different distortions like bending, twisting or combined bending and twisting. The demand for increase in length and speed of the ships is increasing due to this the study for flexibility of structures is becoming important. Usually the structural excitations or natural frequencies of structure are given less priority since the natural frequencies of the structure are higher than encounter frequencies but since the length and speeds are increasing the encounter frequencies are closer to the fundamental frequencies. The structural behavior can be analyzed by semi-empirical formulation developed by classification societies but the flexibility of its application is limited.The present thesis work deals with the vertical motions of the ship structure. The thesis work is divided in to two parts the first part deals with the literature review of the global loads and Hydroelasticity and the second part deals with the modeling of the structural dynamic problem. In the modeling part Hydro-elasticity theory proposed by Bishop and Price on Euler Bernoulli beam is used for solving the structural dynamic problem and the illustration of springing and whipping is presented. An attempt has also been made to study the dynamic structural responses for a particular hull with the hydrodynamic forces and added mass from high speed strip program developed at KTH and the study has been performed to analyze the influence of various parameters like added mass, damping and stiffness.

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  • 50.
    Edström, Kristina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Education and Communication in Engineering Science (ECE), Learning.
    El Gaidi, Khalid
    KTH, School of Education and Communication in Engineering Science (ECE), Learning.
    Hallström, Stefan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Lightweight Structures.
    Kuttenkeuler, Jakob
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, Naval Systems.
    Integrated assessment of diciplinary and interpersonal skills - student perceptions of a novel learning experience2005In: 13th International Symposium at the Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development - Improved Student Learning Through Assessment, 2005Conference paper (Other academic)
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