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  • 1.
    Elshaari, Ali W.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil
    Fognini, Andreas
    Reimer, Michael E.
    Dalacu, Dan
    Poole, Philip J.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    On-chip single photon filtering and multiplexing in hybrid quantum photonic circuits2017In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 8, article id 379Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantum light plays a pivotal role in modern science and future photonic applications. Since the advent of integrated quantum nanophotonics different material platforms based on III-V nanostructures-, colour centers-, and nonlinear waveguides as on-chip light sources have been investigated. Each platform has unique advantages and limitations; however, all implementations face major challenges with filtering of individual quantum states, scalable integration, deterministic multiplexing of selected quantum emitters, and on-chip excitation suppression. Here we overcome all of these challenges with a hybrid and scalable approach, where single III-V quantum emitters are positioned and deterministically integrated in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible photonic circuit. We demonstrate reconfigurable on-chip single-photon filtering and wavelength division multiplexing with a foot print one million times smaller than similar table-top approaches, while offering excitation suppression of more than 95 dB and efficient routing of single photons over a bandwidth of 40 nm. Our work marks an important step to harvest quantum optical technologies' full potential.

  • 2.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    Integrated Photonics for Quantum Optics2022Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantum physics allows us a vision of Nature's forces that bind the world, all its seeds and sources. After decades of primarily scientific research, we've arrived at a stage in time where quantum technology can be applied to practical problems and add value outside the field. Four pillars of quantum technologies are commonly identified: quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. For example, quantum computers will allow us to model quantum systems beyond our current capabilities, and quantum communication allows us to protect information unconditionally based on physics. Quantum sensing will enable us to measure our reality beyond classical limits.

    Within all of these areas, optical photons play a unique role. In quantum computer implementations (e.g. photonic, trapped ion, or superconducting) photons can serve as a computational resource, for system read-out, or for linking distant hardware nodes. Quantum communication can only be realized via photons, utilizing the low-loss propagation of photons in optical fibers, on photonic devices as well as in free space. In quantum sensing and metrology, squeezed light can be used to go beyond the current limits of sensing methods. Therefore, the quantum technology field crucially relies on precise and efficient methods to generate, steer, manipulate and detect photons.

    This dissertation discusses work in integrated photonic circuits, self-assembled semiconductor quantum dot devices, and superconducting nanowire single--photon detectors.

    We integrate multiple materials on a silicon nitride platform, including Cu2O as a platform for solid-state Rydberg physics, WS2 to improve non-linear light-generation within Si3N4, and hBN as an excellent single-photon emitter.We demonstrate optically active quantum dots as single-photon emitters in the telecom C-band and their compatibility with commercial telecom equipment.We strain-control the fine-structure splitting of these devices, which is required for future quantum interference-based protocols.

    Finally, we study superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) and combine them with photonic micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), establishing a cryo-compatible, reconfigurable photonic platform.

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  • 3.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Versteegh, Marijn A. M.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Dalacu, Dan
    Poole, Philip J.
    Gulinatti, Angelo
    Giudice, Andrea
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Reimer, Michael E.
    Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell's inequality2017In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 7, no 1, article id 1700Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Global, secure quantum channels will require efficient distribution of entangled photons. Long distance, low-loss interconnects can only be realized using photons as quantum information carriers. However, a quantum light source combining both high qubit fidelity and on-demand bright emission has proven elusive. Here, we show a bright photonic nanostructure generating polarization-entangled photon pairs that strongly violates Bell's inequality. A highly symmetric InAsP quantum dot generating entangled photons is encapsulated in a tapered nanowire waveguide to ensure directional emission and efficient light extraction. We collect similar to 200 kHz entangled photon pairs at the first lens under 80 MHz pulsed excitation, which is a 20 times enhancement as compared to a bare quantum dot without a photonic nanostructure. The performed Bell test using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality reveals a clear violation (S-CHSH > 2) by up to 9.3 standard deviations. By using a novel quasi-resonant excitation scheme at the wurtzite InP nanowire resonance to reduce multi-photon emission, the entanglement fidelity (F = 0.817 +/- 0.002) is further enhanced without temporal post-selection, allowing for the violation of Bell's inequality in the rectilinear-circular basis by 25 standard deviations. Our results on nanowire-based quantum light sources highlight their potential application in secure data communication utilizing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum repeater protocols.

  • 4. Orieux, Adeline
    et al.
    Versteegh, Marijn A. M.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    Ducci, Sara
    Semiconductor devices for entangled photon pair generation: a review2017In: Reports on progress in physics (Print), ISSN 0034-4885, E-ISSN 1361-6633, Vol. 80, no 7, article id 076001Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Entanglement is one of the most fascinating properties of quantum mechanical systems; when two particles are entangled the measurement of the properties of one of the two allows the properties of the other to be instantaneously known, whatever the distance separating them. In parallel with fundamental research on the foundations of quantum mechanics performed on complex experimental set-ups, we assist today with bourgeoning of quantum information technologies bound to exploit entanglement for a large variety of applications such as secure communications, metrology and computation. Among the different physical systems under investigation, those involving photonic components are likely to play a central role and in this context semiconductor materials exhibit a huge potential in terms of integration of several quantum components in miniature chips. In this article we review the recent progress in the development of semiconductor devices emitting entangled photons. We will present the physical processes allowing the generation of entanglement and the tools to characterize it; we will give an overview of major recent results of the last few years and highlight perspectives for future developments.

  • 5. Reindl, Marcus
    et al.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    Huber, Daniel
    Schimpf, Christian
    Huo, Yongheng
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Rastelli, Armando
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Phonon-Assisted Two-Photon Interference from Remote Quantum Emitters2017In: Nano letters (Print), ISSN 1530-6984, E-ISSN 1530-6992, Vol. 17, no 7, p. 4090-4095Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photonic quantum technologies are on the verge of finding applications in everyday life with quantum cryptography and quantum simulators on the horizon. Extensive research has been carried out to identify suitable quantum emitters and single epitaxial quantum dots have emerged as near-optimal sources of bright, on demand, highly indistinguishable single photons and entangled photon-pairs. In order to build up quantum networks, it is essential to interface remote quantum emitters. However, this is still an outstanding challenge, as the quantum states of dissimilar "artificial atoms" have to be prepared on-demand with high fidelity and the generated photons have to be made indistinguishable in all possible degrees of freedom. Here, we overcome this major obstacle and show an unprecedented two-photon interference (visibility of 51 +/- 5%) from remote strain-tunable GaAs quantum dots emitting on-demand photon-pairs. We achieve this result by exploiting for the first time the full potential of a novel phonon-assisted two-photon excitation scheme, which allows for the generation of highly indistinguishable (visibility of 71 +/- 9%) entangled photon-pairs (fidelity of 90 +/- 2%), enables push-button biexciton state preparation (fidelity of 80 +/- 2%) and outperforms conventional resonant two-photon excitation schemes in terms of robustness against environmental decoherence. Our results mark an important milestone for the practical realization of quantum repeaters and complex multiphoton entanglement experiments involving dissimilar artificial atoms.

  • 6. Zadeh, Iman Esmaeil
    et al.
    Los, Johannes W. N.
    Gourgues, Ronan B. M.
    Steinmetz, Violette
    Bulgarini, Gabriele
    Dobrovolskiy, Sergiy M.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Single Quantum BV, Netherlands.
    Dorenbos, Sander N.
    Single-photon detectors combining high efficiency, high detection rates, and ultra-high timing resolution2017In: APL PHOTONICS, ISSN 2378-0967, Vol. 2, no 11, article id 111301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Single-photon detection with high efficiency, high time resolution, low dark counts, and high photon detection rates is crucial for a wide range of optical measurements. Although efficient detectors have been reported before, combining all performance parameters in a single device remains a challenge. Here, we show a broadband NbTiN superconducting nanowire detector with an efficiency exceeding 92%, over 150 MHz photon detection rate, and a dark count rate below 130 Hz operated in a Gifford-McMahon cryostat. Furthermore, with careful optimization of the detector design and readout electronics, we reach an ultra-low system timing jitter of 14.80 ps (13.95 ps decoupled) while maintaining high detection efficiencies (>75%).

  • 7.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Carl
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Nuñez Lobato, Carlos
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Kai, Wang
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schöll, Eva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT. KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Electronics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    On-demand generation of entangled photon pairs in the telecom C-band for fiber-based quantum networksManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    On–demand sources of entangled photons for the transmission of quantum information in the telecom C–band are required to realize fiber–based quantum networks. So far, non–deterministic sources of quantum states of light were used for long distance entanglement distribution in this lowest loss wavelength range. However, they are fundamentally limited in either efficiency or security due to their Poissonian emission statistics. Here, we show on–demand generation of entangled photon pairs in the telecom C-band by an InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot. Using a robust phonon–assisted excitation scheme we measurea concurrence of 91.4% and a fidelity of 95.2% to Φ+ . On–demand generation of polarization entangled photons will enable secure quantum communication in fiber–based networks.Furthermore, applying this excitation scheme to several remote quantum dots tuned into resonance will enable first on–demand entanglement distribution over large distances for scalable real–life quantum applications.

  • 8. Ziss, Dorian
    et al.
    Martin-Sanchez, Javier
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    Halilovic, Alma
    Trevisi, Giovanna
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Rastelli, Armando
    Stangl, Julian
    Comparison of different bonding techniques for efficient strain transfer using piezoelectric actuators2017In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 121, no 13, article id 135303Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, strain transfer efficiencies from a single crystalline piezoelectric lead magnesium niobatelead titanate substrate to a GaAs semiconductor membrane bonded on top are investigated using state-of-the-art x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and finite-element-method (FEM) simulations. Two different bonding techniques are studied, namely, gold-thermo-compression and polymer-based SU8 bonding. Our results show a much higher strain-transfer for the "soft" SU8 bonding in comparison to the "hard" bonding via gold-thermo-compression. A comparison between the XRD results and FEM simulations allows us to explain this unexpected result with the presence of complex interface structures between the different layers.

  • 9.
    Zwiller, Val
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    Zadeh, I. E.
    Los, J. W. N.
    Gourgues, R. B. M.
    Steinmetz, V.
    Dobrovolskiy, S. M.
    Dorenbos, S. N.
    Single-photon detection with near unity efficiency, ultrahigh detection-rates, and ultra-high time resolution2017In: CLEO: Science and Innovations part of CLEO: 2017 : 4-19 May 2017, San Jose, California, United States, Optical Society of America, 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Single-photon detectors with high efficiency, high time resolution, low dark counts and high photon detection-rates are vital for most demanding quantum optics experiments. Combining all performances in a single device has been challenging. Here, we demonstrate a broadband detector with efficiency higher than 92%, over 150 MHz photon detection-rate and dark counts below 130 Hz operated in a conventional Gifford-McMahon cryostat. Furthermore, using our custom made cryogenic amplifiers and optimized detector, we reach a record low jitter of 14.80 ps while maintaining high efficiency.

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