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  • 1. Abdulrazaq, Muhammed
    et al.
    Shahmardi, Armin
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Edoardo Rost, Marco
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
    Numerical modelling of the extensional dynamics in elastoviscoplastic fluidsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The extensional dynamics of an elasto-viscoplastic (EVP) fluid is studied by means of numerical simulations closely modelling an experimental configuration.  Specifically, we track the interface between the EVP material and the Newtonian medium using an algebraic volume of fluid method (MTHINC-VOF) and employ a fully Eulerian immersed boundary method (IBM) to model the motion of the piston responsible of the extension of the material.

    We investigate the role of different values of the yield stress, surface tension at the interface between the EVP material and the surrounding fluid, polymer viscosity ratio, and extension rates on the necking thickness of the material, extensional viscosity, and yielding of the material. 

     The results of the simulations reveal that when the yield stress of the EVP material is much larger than the viscous stresses, the material undergoes an elastic deformation, regardless of the selected values of extension rate, interfacial forces, and viscosity ratio. Moreover, increasing the ratio of the polymeric viscosity to the total viscosity of the system accelerates the EVP rupture due to the high stress concentration in the central part of the material sample. Specific and novel to our study, we show that interfacial forces cannot be ignored when the surface tension coefficient is such that a Capillary number based on the extensional rate is order 1. For large values of the surface tension coefficient, the EVP material fails sooner, with a clear deviation from the exponential reduction in the neck thickness.

  • 2.
    Abdulrazaq, Muhammed
    et al.
    Eindhoven Univ Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Fluids & Flows Grp, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands..
    Shahmardi, Armin
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Rosti, Marco Edoardo
    Grad Univ, Okinawa Inst Sci & Technol, Complex Fluids & Flows Unit, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna Son, Okinawa 9040495, Japan..
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Numerical modelling of the extensional dynamics in elastoviscoplastic fluids2023In: Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0377-0257, E-ISSN 1873-2631, Vol. 318, article id 105060Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The extensional dynamics of an elasto-viscoplastic (EVP) fluid is studied by means of numerical simulations modelling an experimental configuration. Specifically, we track the interface between the EVP material and the Newtonian medium using an algebraic volume of fluid method (MTHINC-VOF) and employ a fully Eulerian immersed boundary method (IBM) to model the motion of the piston responsible for the extension of the material. We investigate the role of different values of the yield stress, surface tension at the interface between the EVP material and the surrounding fluid, polymer viscosity ratio, and extension rates on the necking thickness of the material, extensional viscosity, and yielding of the material for two sets of parameter with low and high elasticity. The results of the simulations reveal that when the yield stress of the EVP material is much larger than the viscous stresses, the material undergoes an elastic deformation, regardless of the selected values of the extension rate, interfacial forces, and viscosity ratio. Moreover, by increasing the ratio of the polymeric viscosity to the total viscosity of the system, the EVP material produces stronger strain hardening and reaches the minimum resolvable width sooner. Specific and novel to our study, we show that interfacial forces cannot be ignored when the surface tension coefficient is such that a Capillary number based on the extensional rate is of order 1. For large values of the surface tension coefficient, the EVP material fails sooner, with a clear deviation from the exponential reduction in the neck thickness. Moreover, our results suggest that the role of the yield stress value on the dynamics of the material is more pronounced at lower elasticity.

  • 3. Agarwal, A.
    et al.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Zaki, T. A.
    Transition to Turbulence in Viscoelastic Channel Flow2015In: Procedia IUTAM, Elsevier, 2015, p. 519-526Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of viscoelasticity on bypass transition to turbulence in channel flow is studied using data from direct numerical simulations by Agarwal et al. (2014) 1. The initial field is a superposition of a laminar base state and a localized disturbance. Relative to the Newtonian conditions, the polymeric FENE-P flow delays the onset of transition and extends its duration. The former effect is due to a weakening of the pre-transitional disturbance field, while the prolonged transition region is due to a slower spreading rate of the turbulent spots. Once turbulence occupies the full channel, a comparison of the turbulence fields shows that energetic flow structures are longer and wider in the polymeric flow. The final turbulent state is compared to elasto-inertial turbulence (EIT), where the polymer conformation field takes the form of elongated sheets with wide spanwise extent.

  • 4. Agarwal, Akshat
    et al.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Zaki, Tamer A.
    Linear and nonlinear evolution of a localized disturbance in polymeric channel flow2014In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 760, p. 278-303Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The evolution of an initially localized disturbance in polymeric channel flow is investigated, with the FENE-P model used to characterize the viscoelastic behaviour of the flow. In the linear growth regime, the flow response is stabilized by viscoelasticity, and the maximum attainable disturbance energy amplification is reduced with increasing polymer concentration. The reduction in the energy growth rate is attributed to the polymer work, which plays a dual role. First, a spanwise polymer-work term develops, and is explained by the tilting action of the wall-normal voracity on the mean streamwise conformation tensor. This resistive term weakens the spanwise velocity perturbation thus reducing the energy of the localized disturbance. The second action of the polymer is analogous, with a wall-normal polymer work term that weakens the vertical velocity perturbation. Its indirect effect on energy growth is substantial since it reduces the production of Reynolds shear stress and in turn of the streamwise velocity perturbation, or streaks. During the early stages of nonlinear growth, the dominant effect of the polymer is to suppress the large-scale streaky structures which are strongly amplified in Newtonian flows. As a result, the process of transition to turbulence is prolonged and, after transition, a drag-reduced turbulent state is attained.

  • 5.
    Agrawal, Vishal
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Kulachenko, Artem
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Vehicle Engineering and Solid Mechanics, Solid Mechanics.
    Scapin, Nicolo
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Tammisola, Outi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
    An efficient isogeometric/finite-difference immersed boundary method for the fluid–structure interactions of slender flexible structures2024In: Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, ISSN 0045-7825, E-ISSN 1879-2138, Vol. 418, article id 116495Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this contribution, we present a robust and efficient computational framework capable of accurately capturing the dynamic motion and large deformation/deflection responses of highly-flexible rods interacting with an incompressible viscous flow. Within the partitioned approach, we adopt separate field solvers to compute the dynamics of the immersed structures and the evolution of the flow field over time, considering finite Reynolds numbers. We employ a geometrically exact, nonlinear Cosserat rod formulation in the context of the isogeometric analysis (IGA) technique to model the elastic responses of each rod in three dimensions (3D). The Navier–Stokes equations are resolved using a pressure projection method on a standard staggered Cartesian grid. The direct-forcing immersed boundary method is utilized for coupling the IGA-based structural solver with the finite-difference fluid solver. In order to fully exploit the accuracy of the IGA technique for FSI simulations, the proposed framework introduces a new procedure that decouples the resolution of the structural domain from the fluid grid. Uniformly distributed Lagrangian markers with density relative to the Eulerian grid are generated to communicate between Lagrangian and Eulerian grids consistently with IGA. We successfully validate the proposed computational framework against two- and three-dimensional FSI benchmarks involving flexible filaments undergoing large deflections/motions in an incompressible flow. We show that six times coarser structural mesh than the flow Eulerian grid delivers accurate results for classic benchmarks, leading to a major gain in computational efficiency. The simultaneous spatial and temporal convergence studies demonstrate the consistent performance of the proposed framework, showing that it conserves the order of the convergence, which is the same as that of the fluid solver.

  • 6.
    Alghalibi, Dhiya
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. College of Engineering, University of Kufa, Al Najaf, Iraq.
    Fornari, Walter
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics, Physicochemical Fluid Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Rosti, Marco E.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Sedimentation of finite-size particles in quiescent wall-bounded shear-thinning and Newtonian fluidsIn: Journal of International Journal of Multiphase Flow, ISSN 0301-9322Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the sedimentaion of finite-size particles in a quiescent wall-boundedNewtonian and shear-thinning fluids. The problem is studied numerically bymeans of direct numerical simulations with the presence of the particles ac-counted for with an immersed boundary method. The supensions are Non-Brownian rigid spherical particles with particle to fluid density ratio ρ p /ρ f =1.5; three different solid volume fractions Φ = 1%, 5% and 20% are considered.The Archimedes number is kept constant to Ar = 36 for all shear-thinning fluidcases, while it is changed to Ar = 97 for the Newtonian fluid to reproduce thesame terminal velocity of a single particle sedimenting in the shear-thinningfluid. We show that the mean settling velocities decrease with the particle con-centration as a consequence of the hindering effect and that the mean settlingspeed is always larger in the shear thinning fluid than in the Newtonian one.This is due to the decrease of the mean viscosity of the fluid which leads to alower drag force acting on the particles. We show that particles tend to formaggregates in the middle of the channel in a shear-thinning fluid, preferentiallypositioning in the wake of neighboring particles or aside them, resulting in lowerlevels of fluctuation in the gravity direction than in a Newtonian fluid.

  • 7.
    Alghalibi, Dhiya
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. College of Engineering, University of Kufa, Al Najaf, Iraq.
    Fornari, Walter
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Rosti, Marco E.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. Complex Fluids and Flows Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Sedimentation of finite-size particles in quiescent wall-bounded shear-thinning and Newtonian fluids2020In: International Journal of Multiphase Flow, ISSN 0301-9322, E-ISSN 1879-3533, Vol. 129, article id 103291Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the sedimentation of finite-size particles in quiescent wall-bounded Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids by interface resolved numerical simulations. The suspended phase consists of Non-Brownian rigid spherical particles with particle to fluid density ratio ρp/ρf=1.5 at three different solid volume fractions Φ=1%, 5% and 20%. Firstly, to focus on the effect of shear-thinning on the particle dynamics and interactions, the Archimedes number is increased for a single particle to have the same settling speed in the Newtonian fluid as in the shear-thinning fluid. Secondly, we consider fixed Archimedes and vary the shear-thinning properties of the fluid. Overall, we report a twofold effect of shear thinning. First and more important, the substantial increase of the particle sedimentation velocity in the shear-thinning case due to the increase of the shear rate around the particles, which reduces the local viscosity leading to a reduced particle drag. Secondly, the shear-thinning fluid reduces the level of particle interactions, causing a reduction of velocity fluctuations and resulting in particles sedimenting at approximately the same speed. Moreover, the mean settling velocities decrease with the particle concentration as a consequence of the hindering effect. Particles tend to sediment in the middle of the channel, preferentially positioning in the wake of neighbouring particles or aside them, resulting in lower levels of fluid velocity fluctuations in the gravity direction in the shear-thinning fluid.

  • 8.
    Alghalibi, Dhiya
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. Kufa Univ, Coll Engn, Al Najaf, Iraq..
    Lashgari, Iman
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Brandt, L.uca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Hormozi, Sarah
    Ohio Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Athens, OH 45701 USA..
    Interface-resolved simulations of particle suspensions in Newtonian, shear thinning and shear thickening carrier fluids2018In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 852, p. 329-357Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a numerical study of non-colloidal spherical and rigid particles suspended in Newtonian, shear thinning and shear thickening fluids employing an immersed boundary method. We consider a linear Couette configuration to explore a wide range of solid volume fractions (0.1 <= Phi <= 0.4) and particle Reynolds numbers (0.1 <= Re<INF>p</INF><INF></INF> <= 10). We report the distribution of solid and fluid phase velocity and solid volume fraction and show that close to the boundaries inertial effects result in a significant slip velocity between the solid and fluid phase. The local solid volume fraction profiles indicate particle layering close to the walls, which increases with the nominal Phi. This feature is associated with the confinement effects. We calculate the probability density function of local strain rates and compare the latter's mean value with the values estimated from the homogenisation theory of Chateau et al. (J. Rheol., vol. 52, 2008, pp. 489-506), indicating a reasonable agreement in the Stokesian regime. Both the mean value and standard deviation of the local strain rates increase primarily with the solid volume fraction and secondarily with the Re<INF>p</INF>. The wide spectrum of the local shear rate and its dependency on Phi and Re<INF>p</INF> point to the deficiencies of the mean value of the local shear rates in estimating the rheology of these non-colloidal complex suspensions. Finally, we show that in the presence of inertia, the effective viscosity of these non-colloidal suspensions deviates from that of Stokesian suspensions. We discuss how inertia affects the microstructure and provide a scaling argument to give a closure for the suspension shear stress for both Newtonian and power-law suspending fluids. The stress closure is valid for moderate particle Reynolds numbers, O(Re<INF>p</INF>) similar to 10.

  • 9.
    Alghalibi, Dhiya
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. College of Engineering, University of Kufa, Al Najaf, Iraq.
    Rosti, Marco E.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Inertial migration of a deformable particle in pipe flow2019In: Physical Review Fluids, E-ISSN 2469-990X, Vol. 4, no 10, article id 104201Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We perform fully Eulerian numerical simulations of an initially spherical hyperelastic particle suspended in a Newtonian pressure-driven flow in a cylindrical straight pipe. We study the full particle migration and deformation for different Reynolds numbers and for various levels of particle elasticity, to disentangle the interplay of inertia and elasticity on the particle focusing. We observe that the particle deforms and undergoes a lateral displacement while traveling downstream through the pipe, finally focusing at the pipe centerline. We note that the migration dynamics and the final equilibrium position are almost independent of the Reynolds number, while they strongly depend on the particle elasticity; in particular, the migration is faster as the elasticity increases (i.e., the particle is more deformable), with the particle reaching the final equilibrium position at the centerline in shorter times. Our simulations show that the results are not affected by the particle initial conditions, position, and velocity. Finally, we explain the particle migration by computing the total force acting on the particle and its different components, viscous and elastic.

  • 10.
    Alghalibi, Dhiya
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. College of Engineering, Kufa University, Al Najaf, Iraq.
    Rosti, Marco E.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Interface-resolved simulations of particle suspensions in visco-elastic carrier fluidsIn: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the rheology of a suspension of neutrally buoyant rigid particles subject touniform shear in different kinds of non-Newtonian fluids, chosen in order to disentanglethe effect of elasticity and shear thinning on the macroscopic system behavior. In par-ticular, we adopt the inelastic Carreau, viscoelastic Oldroyd-B and Giesekus models forthe carrier fluid. The rheology of the suspension is analyzed for a wide range of particlevolume fractions, Weissenberg and Reynolds numbers, comparing the results with thoseobtained for a Newtonian carrier fluid. We report here that the effective viscosity per-taining all the non-Newtonian cases is always lower than that of the suspension in theNewtonian carrier fluid and grows monotonically with the solid volume fraction. Theshear-thinning viscoelastic Giesekus fluid behaves similarly to the Oldroyd-B fluid at lowWeissenberg numbers and to the Carreau fluid at high Weissenberg numbers, indicatingthat elastic effects dominate at low Weissenberg and shear thinning is predominant athigh Weissenberg number. These variations in the effective viscosity are mainly due tochanges in the particle induced shear stress component. These data show that, at highshear rates, a viscoelastic carrier fluid can be modelled as a simple shear-thinning fluidfor which theoretical closures exists, while new models are needed at low Weissenbergnumbers to account for elastic effects such as decreased particle stress. Finally, when theinertia is increased, the suspension effective viscosity grows with the particle Reynoldsnumber at the same rate as in a Newtonian fluid for the Oldroyd-B case, while in ashear-thinning fluid the growth is less than in the Newtonian fluid. Also in the presenceof inertia, therefore, the shear-thinning behaviour dominates the suspension dynamics atrelatively high values of the imposed shear rate and elasticity effects saturate.

  • 11.
    Alizad Banaei, Arash
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Rahmani, Mona
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Math, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada..
    Martinez, D. Mark
    Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada..
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Inertial settling of flexible fiber suspensions2020In: Physical Review Fluids, E-ISSN 2469-990X, Vol. 5, no 2, article id 024301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the inertial settling of suspensions of flexible and rigid fibers using an immersed boundary method. The fibers considered are inextensible and slender, with an aspect ratio of 20. For a single Galileo number of Ga = 160, we examine a range of dimensionless bending rigidities 0.1 < gamma < 20 and fiber concentrations 0.5 < nL(3) < 25, with n being the fiber number density and L the fiber length, that spans dilute and semidilute regimes. The settling fibers form streamers, regions where the fibers are packed and settle faster than the average settling velocity of the suspension, for nL(3) > 10. In the low-concentration regions outside the streamers, the fibers either go upward or have low settling velocities. Flexible fibers exhibit higher packing inside the streamers and smaller streamers compared to the streamers formed by the rigid fibers. Due to this higher packing, the flexible fibers settle faster compared to the rigid fibers. The formation of the streamers counterbalances the hindering of the settling velocity at higher concentrations. At higher nL(3), however, the maximum local concentration of fibers relative to a uniform distribution diminishes for both flexible and rigid fibers as the mobility of the fibers becomes limited due to the presence of other fibers in their vicinity. Due to this limited mobility, the deformation of the fibers and their settling orientation become insensitive to nL(3) for nL(3) > 7. In both the dilute and semidilute regimes, flexible fibers are more aligned with the direction perpendicular to gravity compared to rigid fibers.

  • 12. Alizad Banaei, Arash
    et al.
    Shahmardi, Armin
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Nucleated capsules at finite inertiaManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Andersson, Paul
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Bottaro, A
    Henningson, Dan Stefan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    On the breakdown of boundary layer streaks2001In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 428, p. 29-60Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A scenario of transition to turbulence likely to occur during the development of natural disturbances in a flat-plate boundary layer is studied. The perturbations at the leading edge of the flat plate that show the highest potential for transient energy amplification consist of streamwise aligned vortices. Due to the lift-up mechanism these optimal disturbances lead to elongated streamwise streaks downstream, with significant spanwise modulation, Direct numerical simulations are used to follow the nonlinear evolution of these streaks and to verify secondary instability calculations. The theory is based on a linear Floquet expansion and focuses on the temporal, inviscid instability of these flow structures. The procedure requires integration in the complex plane, in the coordinate direction normal to the wall, to properly identify neutral modes belonging to the discrete spectrum. The streak critical amplitude, beyond which streamwise travelling waves are excited, is about 26% of the free-stream velocity. The sinuous instability mode (either the fundamental or the subharmonic, depending on the streak amplitude) represents the most dangerous disturbance. Varicose waves are more stable, and are characterized by a critical amplitude of about 37%. Stability calculations of streamwise streaks employing the shape assumption, carried out in a parallel investigation, are compared to the results obtained here using the nonlinearly modified mean fields; the need to consider a base flow which includes mean flow modification and harmonics of the fundamental streak is clearly demonstrated.

  • 14.
    Ardekani, Mehdi Niazi
    et al.
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Costa, Pedro
    Breugem, Wim Paul
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Numerical study of the sedimentation of spheroidal particles2016In: International Journal of Multiphase Flow, ISSN 0301-9322, E-ISSN 1879-3533, Vol. 87, p. 16-34Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The gravity-driven motion of-rigid particles in a viscous fluid is relevant in many natural and industrial processes, yet this has mainly been investigated for spherical particles. We therefore consider the sedimentation of non-spherical (spheroidal) isolated and particle pairs in a viscous fluid via numerical simulations using the Immersed Boundary Method. The simulations performed here show that the critical Galileo number for the onset of secondary motions decreases as the spheroid aspect ratio departs from 1. Above this critical threshold, oblate particles perform a zigzagging motion whereas prolate particles rotate around, the vertical axis while having their broad side facing the falling direction. Instabilities of the vortices in the wake follow when farther increasing the Galileo number. We also study the drafting kissing-tumbling associated with the settling of particle pairs. We find that the interaction time increases significantly for non-spherical particles and, more interestingly, spheroidal particles are attracted from larger lateral displacements. This has important implications for the estimation of collision kernels and can result its increasing clustering in suspensions of sedimenting spheroids.

  • 15.
    Atzori, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics. Department of Particulate Flow Modelling, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
    Chibbaro, Sergio
    Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France.
    Duwig, Christophe
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics. Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
    LES and RANS calculations of particle dispersion behind a wall-mounted cubic obstacle2022In: International Journal of Multiphase Flow, ISSN 0301-9322, E-ISSN 1879-3533, Vol. 151, p. 104037-, article id 104037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the present paper, we evaluate the performances of three stochastic models for particle dispersion in the case of a three-dimensional turbulent flow. We consider the flow in a channel with a cubic wall-mounted obstacle, and perform large-eddy simulations (LESs) including passive particles injected behind the obstacle, for cases of low and strong inertial effects. We also perform Reynolds-averaged simulations of the same case, using standard turbulence models, and employ the two discrete stochastic models for particle dispersion implemented in the open-source code OpenFOAM and the continuous Lagrangian stochastic model proposed by Minier et al. (2004). The Lagrangian model is consistent with a Probability Density Function (PDF) model of the exact particle equations, and is based on the modelling of the fluid velocity seen by particles. This approach allows a consistent formulation which eliminates the spurious drifts flawing discrete models and to have the drag force in a closed form. The LES results are used as reference data both for the fluid RANS simulations and particle simulations with dispersion models. The present test case allows to evaluate the performance of dispersion models in highly non-homogeneous flow, and it used in this context for the first time. The continuous stochastic model generally shows a better agreement with the LES than the discrete stochastic models, in particular in the case of particles with higher inertia. 

  • 16.
    Bagheri, Faranggis
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Mitra, Dhrubaditya
    NORDITA.
    Perlekar, Prasad
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Statistics of polymer extensions in turbulent channel flow2012In: Physical Review E. Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, ISSN 1539-3755, E-ISSN 1550-2376, Vol. 86, no 5, p. 056314-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow with passive Lagrangian polymers. To understand the polymer behavior we investigate the behavior of infinitesimal line elements and calculate the probability distribution function (PDF) of finite-time Lyapunov exponents and from them the corresponding Cramer's function for the channel flow. We study the statistics of polymer elongation for both the Oldroyd-B model (for Weissenberg number Wi<1) and the FENE model. We use the location of the minima of the Cramer's function to define the Weissenberg number precisely such that we observe coil-stretch transition at Wi1. We find agreement with earlier analytical predictions for PDF of polymer extensions made by Balkovsky, Fouxon, and Lebedev for linear polymers (Oldroyd-B model) with Wi <1 and by Chertkov for nonlinear FENE-P model of polymers. For Wi >1 (FENE model) the polymer are significantly more stretched near the wall than at the center of the channel where the flow is closer to homogenous isotropic turbulence. Furthermore near the wall the polymers show a strong tendency to orient along the streamwise direction of the flow, but near the center line the statistics of orientation of the polymers is consistent with analogous results obtained recently in homogeneous and isotropic flows.

  • 17.
    Bagheri, Shervin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Henningson, Dan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Input-output analysis, model reduction and control of the flat-plate boundary layer2009In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 620, p. 263-298Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The dynamics and control of two-dimensional disturbances in the spatially evolving boundary layer oil a flat plate are investigated from an input output viewpoint. A set-up of spatially localized inputs (external disturbances and actuators) and Outputs (objective functions and sensors) is introduced for the control design of convectively unstable flow configurations. From the linearized Navier Stokes equations with the inputs and outputs, controllable, observable and balanced modes are extracted using the snapshot method. A balanced reduced-order model (ROM) is constructed and shown to capture the input output behaviour of the linearized Navier Stokes equations. This model is finally used to design H-2-feedback controller to suppress the growth or two-dimensional perturbations inside the boundary layer.

  • 18.
    Bagheri, Shervin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Åkervik, Espen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Henningson, Dan S.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Matrix-free methods for the stability and control of boundary layers2009In: AIAA Journal, ISSN 0001-1452, E-ISSN 1533-385X, Vol. 47, no 5, p. 1057-1068Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents matrix-free methods for the stability analysis and control design of high-dimensional systems arising from the discretized linearized Navier-Stokes equations. The methods are applied to the two-dimensional spatially developing Blasius boundary-layer. A critical step in the process of systematically investigating stability properties and designing feedback controllers is solving very large eigenvalue problems by storing only velocity fields at different times instead of large matrices. For stability analysis, where the entire dynamics of perturbations in space and time is of interest, iterative and adjoint-based optimization techniques are employed to compute the global eigenmodes and the optimal initial conditions. The latter are the initial conditions yielding the largest possible energy growth over a finite time interval. The leading global eigenmodes take the shape of Tollmien-Schlichting wavepackets located far downstream in streamwise direction, whereas the leading optimal disturbances are tilted structures located far upstream in the boundary layer. For control design on the other hand, the input-output behavior of the system is of interest and the snapshot-method is employed to compute balanced modes that correctly capture this behavior. The inputs are external disturbances and wall actuation and the outputs are sensors that extract wall shear stress. A low-dimensional model that capture the input-output behavior is constructed by projection onto balanced modes. The reduced-order model is then used to design a feedback control strategy such that the growth of disturbances are damped as they propagate downstream.

  • 19.
    Bagheri, Shervin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Åkervik, Espen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Henningson, Dan Stefan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Input-output analysis and control design of spatially developing shear flows2008In: 5th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Conference, 2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A framework for the input-output analysis, model reduction and control design of spatially developing shear flows is presented using the Blasius boundary-layer flow as an example. An input-output formulation of the governing equations yields a flexible formulation for treating stability problems and for developing control strategies that optimize given objectives. Model reduction plays an important role in this process since the dynamical systems that describe most flows are discretized partial differential equations with a very large number of degrees of freedom. Moreover, as system theoretical tools, such as controllability, observability and balancing has become computationally tractable for large-scale systems, a systematic approach to model reduction is presented.

  • 20.
    Banaei, Arash Alizad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Loiseau, Jean-Christophe
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Lashgari, Iman
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Brandt, L.uca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Numerical simulations of elastic capsules with nucleus in shear flow2017In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS, ISSN 1779-7179, Vol. 26, no 1-2, p. 131-153Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The shear-induced deformation of a capsule with a stiff nucleus, a model of eukaryotic cells, is studied numerically. The membrane of the cell and of its nucleus are modelled as a thin elastic material obeying a Neo-Hookean constitutive law. The fluid-structure coupling is obtained using an immersed boundary method. The variations induced by the presence of the nucleus on the cell deformation are investigated when varying the viscosity ratio between the inner and outer fluids, the membrane elasticity and its bending stiffness. The deformation of the eukaryotic cell is smaller than that of the prokaryotic one. The reduction in deformation increases for larger values of the capillary number. The eukaryotic cell remains thicker in itsmiddle part compared to the prokaryotic one, thus making it less flexible to pass through narrow capillaries. For a viscosity ratio of 5, the deformation of the cell is smaller than in the case of uniform viscosity. In addition, for non-zero bending stiffness of the membrane, the deformation decreases and the shape is closer to an ellipsoid. Finally, we compare the results obtained modelling the nucleus as an inner stiffer membrane with those obtained using a rigid particle.

  • 21.
    Banaei, Arash Alizad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Rahmani, Mona
    Martinez, Mark
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Numerical study of settling of flexible fiber suspensionsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Banaei, Arash Alizad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Rosti, Marco E.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Numerical study of filament suspensions at finite inertiaIn: Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Banaei, Arash Alizad
    et al.
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    Rosti, Marco E.
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    Numerical study of filament suspensions at finite inertia2020In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 882, article id A5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a numerical study on the rheology of semi-dilute and concentrated filament suspensions of different bending stiffness and Reynolds number, with the immersed boundary method used to couple the fluid and solid. The filaments are considered as one-dimensional inextensible slender bodies with fixed aspect ratio, obeying the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. To understand the global suspension behaviour we relate it to the filament microstructure, deformation and elastic energy and examine the stress budget to quantify the effect of the elastic contribution. At fixed volume fraction, the viscosity of the suspension reduces when decreasing the bending rigidity and grows when increasing the Reynolds number. The change in the relative viscosity is stronger at finite inertia, although still in the laminar flow regime, as considered here. Moreover, we find the first normal stress difference to be positive as in polymeric fluids, and to increase with the Reynolds number; its value has a peak for an intermediate value of the filament bending stiffness. The peak value is found to be proportional to the Reynolds number, moving towards more rigid suspensions at larger inertia. Moreover, the viscosity increases when increasing the filament volume fraction, and the rate of increase of the filament stress with the bending rigidity is stronger at higher Reynolds numbers and reduces with the volume fraction. We show that this behaviour is associated with the formation of a more ordered structure in the flow, where filaments tend to be more aligned and move as a compact aggregate, thus reducing the filament-filament interactions despite their volume fraction increases.

  • 24.
    Banaei, Arash Alizad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Shahmardi, Armin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Numerical study of suspensions of nucleated capsules at finite inertia2021In: Physical Review Fluids, E-ISSN 2469-990X, Vol. 6, no 4, article id 044301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We study the rheology of suspensions of capsules with a rigid nucleus at negligible and finite flow inertia by means of numerical simulations. The capsule membrane is modeled as a thin Neo-Hookean hyperelastic material and the nucleus as a rigid particle with radius equal to half the radius of the undeformed spherical capsules. The fluid and solid motion are coupled with an immersed boundary method, validated for both the deformable membrane and the rigid nucleus. We examine the effect of the Reynolds number, capillary number, and volume fraction on the macroscopic properties of the suspensions, comparing with the case of capsules without nuclei. To explain the rheological measurables, we examine the mean capsule deformation, the mean orientation with respect to the flow direction, and the stress budget. The results indicate that the relative viscosity decreases with the capillary number, i.e., increasing deformability, and increases with inertia. The presence of a nucleus always reduces the membrane deformation. Capsules align more in the flow direction at higher capillary numbers and at higher volume fractions, where we also see a significant portion of them oriented with their longer deformed axis in the spanwise direction. When increasing inertia, the alignment with the flow decreases while more capsules orient in the spanwise direction. The first normal stress difference increases with the capillary number and it is always less for the nucleated capsules. Finally, the relative viscosity and the first normal stress difference increase with the capsule volume fraction, an effect more pronounced for the first normal stress difference.

  • 25.
    Banaei, Arash Alizad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Shahmardi, Armin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Suspensions of nucleated capsules at finite inertiaManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Banerjee, Indradumna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Rosti, M. E.
    Kumar, Tharagan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    Russom, Aman
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Analogue tuning of particle focusing in elasto-inertial flow2021In: Meccanica (Milano. Print), ISSN 0025-6455, E-ISSN 1572-9648, Vol. 56, no 7, p. 1739-1749Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report a unique tuneable analogue trend in particle focusing in the laminar and weak viscoelastic regime of elasto-inertial flows. We observe experimentally that particles in circular cross-section microchannels can be tuned to any focusing bandwidths that lie between the “Segre-Silberberg annulus” and the centre of a circular microcapillary. We use direct numerical simulations to investigate this phenomenon and to understand how minute amounts of elasticity affect the focussing of particles at increasing flow rates. An Immersed Boundary Method is used to account for the presence of the particles and a FENE-P model is used to simulate the presence of polymers in a Non-Newtonian fluid. The numerical simulations study the dynamics and stability of finite size particles and are further used to analyse the particle behaviour at Reynolds numbers higher than what is allowed by the experimental setup. In particular, we are able to report the entire migration trajectories of the particles as they reach their final focussing positions and extend our predictions to other geometries such as the square cross section. We believe complex effects originate due to a combination of inertia and elasticity in the weakly viscoelastic regime, where neither inertia nor elasticity are able to mask each other’s effect completely, leading to a number of intermediate focusing positions. The present study provides a fundamental new understanding of particle focusing in weakly elastic and strongly inertial flows, whose findings can be exploited for potentially multiple microfluidics-based biological sorting applications. 

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  • 27.
    Banerjee, Indradumna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Rosti, Marco E.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Kumar, Tharagan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    Russom, Aman
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Particle focusing dynamics in extended elasto inertial flow2018In: 22nd International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS 2018, Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society , 2018, p. 472-475Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report the decoupled effects of inertial and viscous forces on particle focusing, the stability of particles, and particle trajectories to reach equilibrium position in an extended elasto inertial pressure driven flow, in a circular micro-capillary. We report numerically and experimentally for the first time, the existence of multiple stable equilibrium positions in the EEI regime, which was unobserved for flows previously studied at lower Reynolds number viscoelastic flows. 

  • 28.
    Banerjee, Indradumna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Rosti, Marco Edoardo
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Kumar, Tharagan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Russom, Aman
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Analog particle position tuning in Elasto-inertial microfluidic flowsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We observe for the first time an analog trend in particle focusing in a high throughput weakly viscoelastic regime, where it is possible to tune particles into multiple intermediate focusing positions that lie between the "Segre-Silberberg annulus" and the center of a circular microcapillary. The "Segre-Silberberg annulus" (0.6 times the pipe radius), that describes particle equilibrium in a predominantly inertial flow, shrinks consistently closer to the center for increasing elasticity in extremely dilute PEO concentrations (ranging from 0.001 wt% to 0.05wt%). The experimental observations are supported by direct numerical simulations, where an Immersed Boundary Method is used to account for the presence of particles and a FENE-P model is used to simulate the presence of polymers in a Non-Newtonian fluid. The numerical simulations study the dynamics and stability of finite size particles and are further used to analyze particle behavior at Reynolds number higher than what is allowed by the present experimental setup. In particular, we are able to report the entire migration trajectories of the particles as they reach their final equilibrium positions and extend our predictions to other geometries such as the square cross-section. We believe complex effects originate due to a combination of inertia and elasticity in a weakly viscoelastic regime, where neither inertia nor elasticity are able to mask each other's effect completely, thus leading to a number of intermediate focusing positions. The present study provides a new understanding into the mechanism of particle focusing in elasto-inertial flows and opens up new possibilities for exercising analog control in tuning the particle focusing positions.

  • 29.
    Banerjee, Indradumna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology.
    Rosti, Marco Eduardo
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Niazi Ardekani, Mehdi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Kumar, Tharagan
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology.
    Lashgari, Iman
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Russom, Aman
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology.
    Dynamics of Inertial migration of particles in straight channels2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    SUMMARY

    We study numerically the entire migration dynamics of spherical and oblate particles in straight rectangular and square cross sectional ducts. The reported results can help in design of straight duct channel based microfluidic systems.

     

    KEYWORDS: Inertial microfluidics, Lateral migration, Oblate particles, Straight particles.

     

    INTRODUCTION

    We  simulate spherical and oblate rigid particles in straight ducts of different aspect ratios using an Immersed Boundary Method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time not only the equilibrium position of particles is described, but also the entire migration dynamics of the particle from the initial to final position, including particle trajectory, velocity, rotation and orientation, are investigated.

     

    EXPERIMENTAL

     The fluid is considered incompressible and its motion is governed by the Navier Stokes and Continuity equations. The numerical approach employed is an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) with two sets of grid points: an equispaced Eulerian mesh for the fluid flow, and Lagrangian grid points uniformly distributed on the surface of the particle. The flow is set up in square and rectangular cross section ducts with no slip and no penetration boundary conditions (Fig.1).

     

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

    We examine the lateral motion of spherical and oblate particles using the IBM method mentioned above. While simulating three different spheres in a square duct of duct width to sphere diameter ratio H/Ds= [3.5, 5, 10], we find that the particles focus at closest face-cantered equilibrium position from their point of introduction(Fig.2a). We also show the downstream length needed for a sphere to focus, focusing length, as a function of the distance from the vertical duct symmetry line and as a function of Reynolds number(Fig.2b and c respectively). Spherical particles in rectangular duct tend to move laterally toward the longer length wall and then slowly moves towards the equilibrium position at the face-centre along the long wall(fig.3a). We also observe that the focusing length is longer for spherical particles in a rectangular duct, about three times longer than that in square duct (fig. 3b). In case of an oblate particle flowing through a square duct, the lateral motion towards the face centred equilibrium position is similar to that of a sphere (fig.4a), however there is significant tumbling motion of the particle as it tries to reach equilibrium(fig.4b).In a rectangular duct of aspect ratio 2, the oblate particle reaches a steady configuration on the duct symmetry line at the center of the different faces (fig.5a). The focusing length surprisingly is shorter in a rectangular duct for an oblate particle in contrast to its focusing length in a square duct. This is attributed to the higher lateral velocity of the oblate in the second stage of the migration, that with negligible tumbling(fig.5b). The behavior of three oblate particles in a square duct of duct width to longer diameter ratio H/Ds= [3.5, 5, 10] is different compared to a sphere as the largest oblate tend to focus at the duct cross section diagonals compared to the other two which are at face centred equilibrium as in case of a sphere(fig.6a). We attribute this to the rotation rate of the larger particle which is initially increasing and then decreasing(fig.6b).When it comes to focusing lengths, the smaller particles need longer times to reach their final equilibrium(fig.6c). Another interesting behavior we see is the effect of Reynolds number, where it can be seen that the oblate particles show a tilt of 21 degrees when focusing at equilibrium at certain high Reynolds number (fig.7).

     

    CONCLUSION

    The results presented employ a highly accurate interface-resolved numerical algorithm, based on the Immersed Boundary Method to study the entire inertial migration of an oblate particle in both square and rectangular ducts and compare it with that of a single sphere. Currently, we apply a volume penalization method and polymeric drag component to the code to solve for viscoelastic effects in circular microcapillaries.

     

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    This work was supported by the European Research Council Grant no. ERC-2013-CoG-616186, TRITOS and by the Swedish Research Council Grant no. VR 2014-5001, COST Action MP1305: Flowing matter, and computation time from SNIC.

     REFERENCES : Lashgari, Iman, et al. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 819 (2017): 540-561.

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    Dynamics of inertial migration
  • 30.
    Bazesefidpar, Kazem
    et al.
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    Tammisola, Outi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    A dual resolution phase-field solver for wetting of viscoelastic droplets2022In: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, ISSN 0271-2091, E-ISSN 1097-0363, Vol. 94, no 9, p. 1517-1541Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present a new and efficient phase-field solver for viscoelastic fluids with moving contact line based on a dual-resolution strategy. The interface between two immiscible fluids is tracked by using the Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model, and the viscoelasticity incorporated into the phase-field framework. The main challenge of this approach is to have enough resolution at the interface to approach the sharp-interface methods. The method presented here addresses this problem by solving the phase field variable on a mesh twice as fine as that used for the velocities, pressure, and polymer-stress constitutive equations. The method is based on second-order finite differences for the discretization of the fully coupled Navier–Stokes, polymeric constitutive, and Cahn–Hilliard equations, and it is implemented in a 2D pencil-like domain decomposition to benefit from existing highly scalable parallel algorithms. An FFT-based solver is used for the Helmholtz and Poisson equations with different global sizes. A splitting method is used to impose the dynamic contact angle boundary conditions in the case of large density and viscosity ratios. The implementation is validated against experimental data and previous numerical studies in 2D and 3D. The results indicate that the dual-resolution approach produces nearly identical results while saving computational time for both Newtonian and viscoelastic flows in 3D. 

  • 31.
    Bazesefidpar, Kazem
    et al.
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Energy & Proc Engn, Trondheim, Norway..
    Tammisola, Outi
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Numerical simulation of the coalescence-induced polymeric droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces2022In: Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0377-0257, E-ISSN 1873-2631, Vol. 307, article id 104872Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Self-propelled jumping of two polymeric droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces is investigated by three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. Two identical droplets of a viscoelastic fluid slide, meet and coalesce on a surface with contact angle 180 degrees. The droplets are modelled by the Giesekus constitutive equation, introducing both viscoelasticity and a shear-thinning effects. The Cahn-Hilliard Phase-Field method is used to capture the droplet interface. The simulations capture the spontaneous coalescence and jumping of the droplets. The effect of elasticity and shear-thinning on the coalescence and jumping is investigated at capillary-inertial and viscous regimes. The results reveal that the elasticity of the droplet changes the known capillary-inertial velocity scaling of the Newtonian drops at large Ohnesorge numbers; the resulting viscoelastic droplet jumps from the surface at larger Ohnesorge numbers than a Newtonian drop, when elasticity amplifies visible shape oscillations of the merged droplet. The numerical results show that polymer chains are stretched during the coalescence and prior to the departure of two drops, and the resulting elastic stresses at the interface induce the jumping of the liquid out of the surface. This study shows that viscoelasticity, typical of many biological and industrial applications, affects the droplet behaviour on superhydrophobic and self-cleaning surfaces.

  • 32. Biancofiore, L.
    et al.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Zaki, T. A.
    Streak instability in viscoelastic Couette flow2017In: PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS, ISSN 2469-990X, Vol. 2, no 4, article id 043304Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The secondary instability of nonlinear streaks and transition to turbulence in viscoelastic Couette flow are studied using direct numerical simulations. Viscoelasticity is modeled using the FENE-P constitutive equations. Both the polymer concentration beta and Weissenberg number Wi are varied in order to assess their effects on transition at moderate Reynolds number. The base streaks are obtained from nonlinear simulations of the Couette flow response to a streamwise vortex. We select the initial amplitude of the vortex which yields a desired maximum amplitude of the nonlinear streaks during their temporal evolution. The development of streaks in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows is primarily due to the action of streamwise vorticity onto the mean shear. In the viscoelastic case, it is also affected by the polymer torque, which opposes the vorticity and becomes more pronounced at large Weissenberg number. Streaks with the same maximum streamwise velocity perturbation can therefore have different total kinetic energy at higher Weissenberg number. At every streak amplitude of interest, harmonic forcing is introduced along the transverse direction to trigger the secondary instability and breakdown to turbulence. We demonstrate that the critical amplitude of the forcing, A(d), increases at large Weissenberg number. The degree of stabilization due to elasticity depends on the initial streak intensity, A(s),(in). For weak streaks the critical amplitude for secondary instability is more sensitive to Wi than for strong ones. This is explained by the existence of two different mechanisms that can trigger transition to turbulence. The perturbation to weak streaks is initially stabilized by the polymer torque which acts to oppose the amplification of wall-normal vorticity and, as a result, delays breakdown to turbulence. The secondary instability of strong streaks, on the other hand, is more immune to this stabilizing influence of the polymer.

  • 33.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics, Stability, Transition and Control.
    Numerical studies of the instability and breakdown of a boundary-layer low-speed streak2007In: European journal of mechanics. B, Fluids, ISSN 0997-7546, E-ISSN 1873-7390, Vol. 26, no 1, p. 64-82Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The experimental configuration in [M. Asai, M. Minagawa, M. Nishioka, The instability and breakdown of a near-wall low-speed streak, J. Fluid Mech. 455 (2002) 289-314] is numerically reproduced in order to examine the instability of a single low-speed streak in a laminar boundary layer and to investigate the resulting generation of coherent structures. Such a configuration is chosen since the experimental data show that the two instability modes, varicose and sinuous, are of comparable strength. The instability characteristics are retrieved from the simulation of the flow impulse response. The varicose instability is associated to higher frequencies and lower group velocities than those of the sinuous modes. The latter are less affected by the diffusion of the streak mean shear and are amplified for a longer streamwise distance. Analysis of the perturbation kinetic energy production reveals that both the varicose and the sinuous instability are driven by the work of the Reynolds stress against the wall-normal shear of the streak. The base flow considered here therefore presents an exception to the common knowledge, supported by several previous studies, that the sinuous instability is associated to the streak spanwise shear. The vortical structures at the late stage of the varicose breakdown are identified from the numerical data. By comparing them with those pertaining to other transition scenarios, it is confirmed that streaks and streamwise vortices are universal features of boundary layer transition.

  • 34.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Study of generation, growth and breakdown of streamwise streaks in a Blasius boundary layer.2001Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Transition from laminar to turbulent flow has beentraditionally studied in terms of exponentially growingeigensolutions to the linearized disturbance equations.However, experimental findings show that transition may occuralso for parameters combinations such that these eigensolutionsare damped. An alternative non-modal growth mechanism has beenrecently identified, also based on the linear approximation.This consists of the transient growth of streamwise elongateddisturbances, mainly in the streamwise velocity component,called streaks. If the streak amplitude reaches a thresholdvalue, secondary instabilities can take place and provoketransition. This scenario is most likely to occur in boundarylayer flows subject to high levels of free-stream turbulenceand is the object of this thesis. Different stages of theprocess are isolated and studied with different approaches,considering the boundary layer flow over a flat plate. Thereceptivity to free-stream disturbances has been studiedthrough a weakly non-linear model which allows to disentanglethe features involved in the generation of streaks. It is shownthat the non-linear interaction of oblique waves in thefree-stream is able to induce strong streamwise vortices insidethe boundary layer, which, in turn, generate streaks by thelift-up effect. The growth of steady streaks is followed bymeans of Direct Numerical Simulation. After the streaks havereached a finite amplitude, they saturate and a new laminarflow, characterized by a strong spanwise modulation isestablished. Using Floquet theory, the instability of thesestreaks is studied to determine the features of theirbreakdown. The streak critical amplitude, beyond which unstablewaves are excited, is 26% of the free-stream velocity. Theinstability appears as spanwise (sinuous-type) oscillations ofthe streak. The late stages of the transition, originating fromthis type of secondary instability, are also studied. We foundthat the main structures observed during the transition processconsist of elongated quasi-streamwise vortices located on theflanks of the low speed streak. Vortices of alternating signare overlapping in the streamwise direction in a staggeredpattern.

    Descriptors:Fluid mechanics, laminar-turbulenttransition, boundary layer flow, transient growth, streamwisestreaks, lift-up effect, receptivity, free-stream turbulence,nonlinear mechanism, streak instability, secondary instability,Direct Numerical Simulation.

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  • 35.
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    The lift-up effect: The linear mechanism behind transition and turbulence in shear flows2014In: European journal of mechanics. B, Fluids, ISSN 0997-7546, E-ISSN 1873-7390, Vol. 47, p. 80-96Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The formation and amplification of streamwise velocity perturbations induced by cross-stream disturbances is ubiquitous in shear flows. This disturbance growth mechanism, so neatly identified by Ellingsen and Palm in 1975, is a key process in transition to turbulence and self-sustained turbulence. In this review, we first present the original derivation and early studies and then discuss the non-modal growth of streaks, the result of the lift-up process, in transitional and turbulent shear flows. In the second part, the effects on the lift-up process of additives in the fluid and of a second phase are discussed and new results presented with emphasis on particle-laden shear flows. For all cases considered, we see the lift-up process to be a very robust process, always present as a first step in subcritical transition.

  • 36.
    Brandt, L.uca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Ardekani, Mehdi Niazi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Picano, F.
    Costa, P.
    Breugem, W. -P
    Numerical study of turbulent channel flow laden with finite-size non-spherical particles2017In: 10th International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena, TSFP 2017, International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena, TSFP10 , 2017, Vol. 4Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present interface-resolved numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow laden with non-spherical rigid and neutrally-buoyant particles. We first focus on the case of oblate particles of aspect ratio 1/3 at volume fractions up to 15% and show that the turbulent drag is decreasing when increasing the particle volume fraction although the effective viscosity of the suspension actually increases. We relate the observed drag reduction to turbulence attenuation and to particle migration away from the near-wall region. Particles tend to align parallel to the wall with rotation rates significantly lower than those reported for spheres. In the second part of the study, we examine the effect of the particle slenderness on the observed drag reduction and show that the drag increases for flatter particles.

  • 37.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Energy & Proc Engn, Trondheim, Norway..
    Coletti, Filippo
    Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Proc Engn, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Particle-Laden Turbulence: Progress and Perspectives2022In: Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0066-4189, E-ISSN 1545-4479, Vol. 54, p. 159-189Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This review is motivated by the fast progress in our understanding of the physics of particle-laden turbulence in the last decade, partly due to the tremendous advances of measurement and simulation capabilities. The focus is on spherical particles in homogeneous and canonical wall-bounded flows. The analysis of recent data indicates that conclusions drawn in zero gravity should not be extrapolated outside of this condition, and that the particle response time alone cannot completely define the dynamics of finite-size particles. Several breakthroughs have been reported, mostly separately, on the dynamics and turbulence modifications of small inertial particles in dilute conditions and of large weakly buoyant spheres. Measurements at higher concentrations, simulations fully resolving smaller particles, and theoretical tools accounting for both phases are needed to bridge this gap and allow for the exploration of the fluid dynamics of suspensions, from laminar rheology and granular media to particulate turbulence.

  • 38.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Cossu, C.
    Chomaz, J. M.
    Huerre, P.
    Henningson, Dan S.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    On the convectively unstable nature of optimal streaks in boundary layers2003In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 485, p. 221-242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of the study is to determine the absolute/convective nature of the secondary instability experienced by finite-amplitude streaks in the flat-plate boundary layer. A family of parallel streaky base flows is defined by extracting velocity profiles from direct numerical simulations of nonlinearly saturated optimal streaks. The computed impulse response of the streaky base flows is then determined as a function of streak amplitude and streamwise station. Both the temporal and spatio-temporal instability properties are directly retrieved from the impulse response wave packet, without solving the dispersion relation or applying the pinching point criterion in the complex wavenumber plane. The instability of optimal streaks is found to be unambiguously convective for all streak amplitudes and streamwise stations. It is more convective than the Blasius boundary layer in the absence of streaks; the trailing edge-velocity of a Tollmien-Schlichting wave packet in the Blasius boundary layer is around 35% of the free-stream velocity, while that of the wave packet riding on the streaky base flow is around 70%. This is because the streak instability is primarily induced by the spanwise shear and the associated Reynolds stress production term is located further away from the wall, in a larger velocity region, than for the Tollmien-Schlichting instability. The streak impulse response consists of the sinuous mode of instability triggered by the spanwise wake-like profile, as confirmed by comparing the numerical results with the absolute/convective instability properties of the family of two-dimensional wakes introduced by Monkewitz (1988). The convective nature of the secondary streak instability implies that the type of bypass transition studied here involves streaks that behave as amplifiers of external noise.

  • 39.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Cossu, C
    Henningson, Dan S
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Chomaz, J M
    Huerre, P
    Numerical studies of streak instability in boundary layers2006In: Sixth IUTAM Symposium on Laminar-Turbulent Transition / [ed] Govindarajan, R, DORDRECHT: SPRINGER , 2006, Vol. 78, p. 121-126Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerical results on the stability of boundary layers in the presence of streaks, assumed steady and spanwise periodic, are presented. The instability features are retrieved both from stability analysis and from the numerical simulation of the flow impulse response. It is found that the presence of streaks of moderate amplitudes is able to quench the viscous Tollmien-Schlichting waves. However, a threshold exists beyond which secondary inflectional instabilities occur. Streaky basic flows unstable to both sinuous and varicose perturbations are considered. To gain physical understanding of the instability mechanisms the equation for the perturbation kinetic energy is analysed. To investigate the sinuous instability modes an analytical model streak is also proposed.

  • 40.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics, Stability, Transition and Control. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    de lange, H. C.
    Interactions between finite-length streaks and breakdown to turbulence2007In: ADVANCES IN TURBULENCE XI / [ed] Palma, JMLM; Lopes, AS, BERLIN: SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN , 2007, Vol. 117, p. 133-135Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics, Stability, Transition and Control.
    de Lange, H. C.
    Streak interactions and breakdown in boundary layer flows2008In: Physics of fluids, ISSN 1070-6631, E-ISSN 1089-7666, Vol. 20, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this paper is to show that the interaction of streamwise velocity streaks of finite length can lead to turbulent breakdown in the flat-plate boundary layer flow. The work is motivated by previous numerical and experimental studies of transitional flows where the high-frequency oscillations leading to turbulence are seen to form in the region of strongest shear induced by streaks in relative motion. Therefore, a model for the interaction of steady and unsteady (i.e., slowly moving in the spanwise direction) spanwise periodic streaks is proposed. The interaction of two subsequent streaks is investigated for varying collision parameters. In particular, the relative spanwise position and angle are considered. The results show that the interaction is able to produce both a symmetric and asymmetric breakdown without the need for additional random noise from the main stream. Velocity structures characteristic of both scenarios are analyzed. Hairpin and A vortices are found in the case of symmetric collision between a low-speed region and an incoming high-speed streak, when a region of strong wall-normal shear is induced. Alternatively, when the incoming high-momentum fluid is misaligned with the low-speed streak in front, single quasi-streamwise vortices are identified. Despite the different symmetry at the breakdown, the detrimental interaction involves for both cases the tail of a low-speed region and the head of a high-speed streak. Further, the breakdown appears in both scenarios as an instability of three-dimensional shear layers formed between the two streaks. The streak interaction scenario is suggested to be of relevance for turbulence production in wall-bounded flows.

  • 42.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Duguet, Yohann
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Larsson, Robin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Nonlinear optimal perturbations in plane Couette flow2009In: ADVANCES IN TURBULENCE XII: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH EUROMECH EUROPEAN TURBULENCE CONFERENCE / [ed] Eckhardt, B., 2009, Vol. 132, p. 85-88Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Henningson, Dan S.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Direct numerical simulations of streak breakdown in boundary layers2004In: Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation V, Proceedings / [ed] Friedrich, R; Geurts, BJ; Metais, O, 2004, Vol. 9, p. 175-196Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Numerical simulations of bypass transition in Blasius boundary layers are presented. The breakdown of streamwise streaks is first considered in the case of the steady, spanwise periodic basic flows arising from the nonlinear saturation of optimal perturbations and then in the case of transition in boundary layers subject to free-stream turbulence. Similarity and differences with previous work are discussed.

  • 44.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Henningson, Dan Stefan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Ponziani, D
    Weakly nonlinear analysis of boundary layer receptivity to free-stream disturbances2002In: Physics of fluids, ISSN 1070-6631, E-ISSN 1089-7666, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 1426-1441Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The intent of the present paper is to study the receptivity of a zero pressure gradient boundary layer to free-stream disturbances with the aim to isolate the essential features involved in the generation of streamwise streaks. A weakly nonlinear formulation based on a perturbation expansion in the amplitude of the disturbance truncated at second order is used. It is shown that the perturbation model provide an efficient tool able to disentangle the sequence of events in the receptivity process. Two types of solutions are investigated: the first case amounts to the receptivity to oblique waves generated by a wave-like external forcing term oscillating in the free stream, the second the receptivity to free-stream turbulence-like disturbances, represented as a superposition of modes of the continuous spectrum of the Orr-Sommerfeld and Squire operators. A scaling property of the governing equations with the Reynolds number is also shown to be valid. The relation between this nonlinear receptivity process and previously investigated linear ones is also discussed.

  • 45.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Picano, F.
    Breugem, W. -P
    Turbulent flow of a suspension of rigid spherical particles in plane channels2016In: Springer Proceedings in Physics, 2016, p. 311-315Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Suspensions of solid particles are frequently found in applications and environmental flows. Several studies concern the rheological properties of suspensions in laminar flows, but much less is known of turbulent suspensions. The present work fills this gap providing DNS data on dense suspensions of neutrally-buoyant rigid sphere in a turbulent channel flow at the bulk Reynolds number of Re = U0h/ν = 2800. We show that considering volume fractions Φ ≤ 0.1 the turbulent flow is similar to the unladen case with higher turbulence intensities. On the contrary, the flow behavior strongly changes at Φ = 0.2where the turbulence appears to be attenuated.

  • 46.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Schlatter, Philipp
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Henningson, Dan S.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Mechanics.
    Transition in boundary layers subject to free-stream turbulence2004In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 517, p. 167-198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of high levels of free-stream turbulence on the transition in a Blasius boundary layer is studied by means of direct numerical simulations, where a synthetic turbulent inflow is obtained as superposition of modes of the continuous spectrum of the Orr-Sommerfeld and Squire operators. In the present bypass scenario the flow in the boundary layer develops streamwise elongated regions of high and low streamwise velocity and it is suggested that the breakdown into turbulent spots is related to local instabilities of the strong shear layers associated with these streaks. Flow structures typical of the spot precursors are presented and these show important similarities with the flow structures observed in previous studies on the secondary instability and breakdown of steady symmetric streaks. Numerical experiments are performed by varying the energy spectrum of the incoming perturbation. It is shown that the transition location moves to lower Reynolds numbers by increasing the integral length scale of the free-stream turbulence. The receptivity to free-stream turbulence is also analysed and it is found that two distinct physical mechanisms are active depending on the energy content of the external disturbance. If low-frequency modes diffuse into the boundary layer, presumably at the leading edge, the streaks Lire induced by streamwise vorticity through the linear lift-up effect. If, conversely, the free-stream perturbations are mainly located above the boundary layer a nonlinear process is needed to create streamwise vortices inside the shear layer. The relevance of the two mechanisms is discussed.

  • 47.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics, Stability, Transition and Control. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Sipp, Denis
    Pralits, Jan O.
    Marquet, Olivier
    Effect of base-flow variation in noise amplifiers: the flat-plate boundary layer2011In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, ISSN 0022-1120, E-ISSN 1469-7645, Vol. 687, p. 503-528Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Non-modal analysis determines the potential for energy amplification in stable flows. The latter is quantified in the frequency domain by the singular values of the resolvent operator. The present work extends previous analysis on the effect of base-flow modifications on flow stability by considering the sensitivity of the flow non-modal behaviour. Using a variational technique, we derive an analytical expression for the gradient of a singular value with respect to base-flow modifications and show how it depends on the singular vectors of the resolvent operator, also denoted the optimal forcing and optimal response of the flow. As an application, we examine zero-pressure-gradient boundary layers where the different instability mechanisms of wall-bounded shear flows are all at work. The effect of the component-type non-normality of the linearized Navier-Stokes operator, which concentrates the optimal forcing and response on different components, is first studied in the case of a parallel boundary layer. The effect of the convective-type non-normality of the linearized Navier-Stokes operator, which separates the spatial support of the structures of the optimal forcing and response, is studied in the case of a spatially evolving boundary layer. The results clearly indicate that base-flow modifications have a strong impact on the Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) instability mechanism whereas the amplification of streamwise streaks is a very robust process. This is explained by simply examining the expression for the gradient of the resolvent norm. It is shown that the sensitive region of the lift-up (LU) instability spreads out all over the flat plate and even upstream of it, whereas it is reduced to the region between branch I and branch II for the TS waves.

  • 48.
    Brandt, Luca
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.
    Tao, Jianjun
    Peking University, China.
    Editorial: Recent advances in hydrodynamic instability and transition to turbulence2015In: Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, ISSN 2095-0349, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 101-102Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 49.
    Brizzolara, Stefano
    et al.
    Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8039 Zürich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland..
    Rosti, Marco E.
    Complex Fluids and Flows Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan..
    Olivieri, Stefano
    Complex Fluids and Flows Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan; DICCA, University of Genova and INFN, Genova Section, Via Montallegro 1, Genova, 16145, Italy..
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics.
    Holzner, Markus
    Swiss Federal Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland..
    Mazzino, Andrea
    DICCA, University of Genova and INFN, Genova Section, Via Montallegro 1, Genova, 16145, Italy.
    Fiber Tracking Velocimetry for Two-Point Statistics of Turbulence2021In: Physical Review X, E-ISSN 2160-3308, Vol. 11, no 3, article id 031060Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We propose and validate a novel experimental technique to measure two-point statistics of turbulent flows. It consists of spreading rigid fibers in the flow and tracking their position and orientation in time and is therefore named “fiber tracking velocimetry.” By choosing different fiber lengths, i.e., within the inertial or dissipative range of scales, the statistics of turbulence fluctuations at the selected length scale can be probed accurately by simply measuring the fiber velocity at its two ends and projecting it along the transverse-to-fiber direction. By means of fully resolved direct numerical simulations and experiments, we show that these fiber-based transverse velocity increments are statistically equivalent to the (unperturbed) flow transverse velocity increments. Moreover, we show that the turbulent energy-dissipation rate can be accurately measured exploiting sufficiently short fibers. The technique is tested against standard particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) of flow tracers with excellent agreement. Our technique overcomes the well-known problem of PTV to probe two-point statistics reliably because of the fast relative diffusion in turbulence that prevents the mutual distance between particles to remain constant at the length scale of interest. This problem, making it difficult to obtain converged statistics for a fixed separation distance, is even more dramatic for natural flows in open domains. A prominent example is oceanic currents, where drifters (i.e., the tracer-particle counterpart used in field measurements) disperse quickly, but at the same time their number has to be limited to save costs. Inspired by our laboratory experiments, we propose pairs of connected drifters as a viable option to solve the issue.

  • 50.
    Brockmann, Philipp
    et al.
    Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Fluid Mech & Aerodynam, Flughafenstr 19, D-64347 Griesheim, Germany..
    Kazerooni, Hamid Tabaei
    Tech Univ Ilmenau, Inst Thermodynam & Fluid Mech, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany..
    Brandt, Luca
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.
    Hussong, Jeanette
    Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Fluid Mech & Aerodynam, Flughafenstr 19, D-64347 Griesheim, Germany..
    Utilizing the ball lens effect for astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry2020In: Experiments in Fluids, ISSN 0723-4864, E-ISSN 1432-1114, Vol. 61, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the present study, a simple method is developed to apply astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (APTV) to transparent particles utilizing backlight illumination. Here, a particle acts as ball lens and bundles the light to a focal point, which is used to determine the particle's out-of-plane position. Due to the distance between focal point and particle, additional features have to be considered in ball lens astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (BLAPTV) compared to conventional APTV. We describe required calibration steps and perform parameter studies to show how the autocorrelation coefficient and the light exposure affect the accuracy of the method. It is found that the accuracy and robustness of the Euclidean calibration approach as also used in conventional APTV (Cierpka et al. in Meas Sci Technol 22(1):015401, 2010a) can be increased if an additional calibration curve for the light intensity of the particle's focal point is considered. In addition, we study the influence of the particle diameter and the refractive index jump between liquid and particles on the calibration curves and the accuracy. In this way, particles of the same size, but different material, can be distinguished by their calibration curve. Furthermore, an approach is presented to account for shape changes of the calibration curve along the depth of the measurement volume. Overall, BLAPTV provides high out-of-plane particle reconstruction accuracies with respect to the particle diameter. In test cases, position uncertainties down to 1.8% of the particle diameter are achieved for particles of dp=124 mu m. The measurement technique is validated for a laminar flow in a straight rectangular channel with a cross-sectional area of 2.3x30 mm2. Uncertainties of 0.75% for the in-plane and 2.29% for out-of-plane velocity with respect to the maximum streamwise velocity are achieved.Graphic abstract [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

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