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  • 1.
    Uttam, Kedar
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE).
    Discourses on future trends for sustainable public procurement in the construction sectorManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Uttam, Kedar
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Linking environmental impact assessment and green procurement in the construction sector: opportunities and perspectives2011Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The construction sector has been greatly responsible for environmental pollution and problems related to sustainability. Hence, there is a crucial need to improve the sector’s environmental performance. In terms of assessing the environmental impacts of the construction sector at project and strategic level, policy instruments such as project-based environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA) play an important role. Another policy instrument, namely, green procurement has started to gain attention in the construction sector. Green procurement is a process that involves the incorporation of environmental requirements during the procurement of services and products. However, discussions on green procurement are rarely seen during the impact assessment (EIA and SEA) phase. Moreover, the construction process is usually multi-tiered, involving several stakeholders with varied objectives, which often leads to challenges concerning the translation of information produced in the impact assessment phase into action (during the construction phase). Therefore, this thesis aimed at analysing the way through which EIA as well as green procurement can improve the coordination between planning and construction phases. The thesis is based on literature review and interviews. This study envisaged an inter-connected process for EIA and green procurement, and reviewed the state of the art to motivate the postulation of such an inter-connected process. In addition, this study also reviewed recent development within procurement contracts, and focused on partnering in the construction industry. The results indicated that it would be appropriate to introduce green procurement during the pre-decision phase of an EIA. Further, the thesis chose renewable energy as a parameter for green procurement, and explored the perspectives of various categories of stakeholders in the Swedish construction on the inter-link between impact assessment and green procurement. The perspectives of the interviewed stakeholders indicate that the inter-link is required. However, the interview results show that there is a tendency in the Swedish construction sector to adopt various commercially available environmental assessment and certification tools. Furthermore, the thesis has mapped directions for future research. Future study should focus on the establishment of mechanisms for inter-connecting impact assessment and green procurement. It should investigate how the inter-link could be facilitated by certification tools being adopted. The future research should also examine how the inter-link can be developed together with concerned stakeholders through partnering.

    Download full text (pdf)
    LicentiateThesis_UttamKedar
  • 3.
    Uttam, Kedar
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Seeking sustainability in the construction sector: opportunities within impact assessment and sustainable public procurement2014Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Growing concerns regarding sustainability have led the construction sector to adopt various policy instruments for reducing the impacts caused by construction activities. One such policy instrument includes impact assessment, which enables the construction sector to evaluate the environmental consequences of proposed developments at project (environmental impact assessment) and strategic (strategic environmental assessment) level. In recent years, the construction sector has also adopted green public procurement, which is a process whereby contracting authorities aim to procure services and products that meet environmental requirements. In certain contexts, green public procurement has extended to sustainable public procurement, which involves the incorporation of both environmental and social considerations in the procurement of services and products. Promoting sustainability in the constructor sector is a significant challenge. This challenge is primarily due to the requirement of high levels of cooperation among project stakeholders, on the one hand, and a lack of coordination between project planning and implementation on the other hand. Therefore, procurement plays a significant role as it establishes the tone for the interaction between contracting authorities and contractors. The overall aim of this thesis is to bolster the knowledge of promoting sustainability in the construction sector, with the specific aim of analysing the ways in which policy instruments such as environmental impact assessment and green public procurement can be reinforced to improve the coordination between planning and the implementation of sustainability considerations. This thesis conceptualises an inter-link between impact assessment and green public procurement, and identifies the opportunities to develop the inter-link. It is appropriate to plan for green public procurement at the pre-decision phase of an environmental impact assessment. The inter-link can be strengthened by involving contractors in planning for green and sustainable public procurement. One way to involve contractors is with the aid of competitive dialogue procedure, which is a procurement procedure that allows contracting authorities to hold discussions with contractors regarding the authority’s requirements. This study strengthens the conceptualisation that competitive dialogue procedure can facilitate green and sustainable public procurement. The various elements in a competitive dialogue procedure can enable the contracting authorities to ensure the consistency between the weight for environmental considerations in contract award criteria and the relevant preferences. This thesis also discusses key concerns for progress towards sustainable public procurement, which includes among others the incorporation of sustainability values in procurement decisions. In addition, this study identified certain discourses on future trends for green and sustainable public procurement. The discourses provide an opportunity for reflection, and thereby indicate that analytical support is required to develop criteria in a way that enables the evaluation of sustainable public procurement against the background of sustainability and justice regarding natural capital. Innovation must be promoted with a focus on sustainability values. Moreover, green or sustainable public procurement must be discussed between contracting authorities and contractors in light of its contribution to sustainability.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Thesis
  • 4.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Faith-Ell, Charlotta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering. WSP, Sweden.
    Green public procurement (GPP) of construction and building materials2013In: Eco-Efficient Construction and Building Materials: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Eco-Labelling and Case Studies / [ed] Pacheco-Torgal F, Cabeza LF, de Magalhaes A, Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013, 1, p. 166-195Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Green public procurement (GPP) involves the incorporation of environmental requirements during the procurement of services and products by public authorities. This chapter provides an overview on the growth of GPP in recent years by focusing on its expansion towards sustainable public procurement (SPP), where sustainable development considerations are integrated. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the implementation of GPP/SPP in the construction sector, and issues related to approaches in procurement procedure, GPP/SPP criteria, and the link between criteria and functional objectives of contracts. The chapter highlights that such issues need to be addressed during the progress towards SPP.

  • 5.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Faith-Ell, Charlotta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering. WSP.
    Mörtberg, Ulla
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment. KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Perspectives on inter-linking impact assessment and green procurement: The case of green energy2013In: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, ISSN 1464-3332, E-ISSN 1757-5605, Vol. 15, no 2, p. 1340004-1-1340004-25Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The construction sector consumes significant quantities of energy and contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions. It is imperative that the sector considers a renewable component to its energy procurement. The sector has adopted various policy instruments such as impact assessment and green procurement for improving its environmental performance. Green procurement involves the procurement of services, products and also energy that meet environmental requirements. This paper focused primarily on the conceptualisation of the inter-link between impact assessment and green procurement. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with three fundamental categories of stakeholders that involved client, contractor and energy company. Although the interview responses showed varied perspectives on the inter-link, most of the interviewees acknowledged its need and suggested certain approaches towards establishing the inter-link. The highlighted approach was to consider the use of commercially available environmental certification tools and focus on areas such as partnerships. Future research should examine how environmental certification tools could facilitate the inter-link and how partnerships need to be arranged therein.

  • 6.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Faith-Ell, Charlotta
    WSP.
    Mörtberg, Ulla
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Procuring green energy in the construction sector2011In: 'IAIA11 Conference Proceedings'Impact Assessment and Responsible Development for Infrastructure, Business and Industry, International Association for Impact Assessment , 2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper intends to explore the opportunities for procuring renewable energy in the construction sector through impact assessment (IA). The paper draws attention towards a significant instrument called green procurement (GP). GP involves buying of services, products and also energy that meet environmental requirements. The paper is based on a study, which was carried out in order to envisage the link between IA and GP. The purpose of the study was, therefore, to gain an understanding on the potentiality of this link. The paper indicates that the link between IA and GP could facilitate the discussion on renewable energy procurement at the IA phase. The study also investigated various innovative partnership systems and made an attempt to understand how such partnerships could strengthen the link. The paper highlights that new partnering arrangements between the government, market and the public, which could ensure the delivery of commitments made during the IA stage, need to be adopted during such a linkage. Further, the construction sector, as a significant consumer of energy, could play the potential role of prime movers. Prime movers are actors who facilitate the diffusion and development of a new technology. Such a capacity could be tapped through linking IA and GP. The prime movers need not be restricted to one player; it could also be a constellation of partners. This network needs to be investigated in the future. Future research is imperative also in terms of the strategic mechanisms required to develop the connection between IA and GP.

    Download full text (pdf)
    IAIA11_UKetal
  • 7.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Faith-Ell, Charlotta
    WSP.
    Mörtberg, Ulla
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Procuring green energy in the construction sector: perspectives on inter-connecting green procurement and impact assessmentManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The construction sector consumes significant quantities of energy, thus contributing to almost 50 percent of the global greenhouse gas emissions. The construction sector must consider a renewable component to their energy procurement as a means to improve their environmental performance. In order to improve the sector’s environmental performance, various policy instruments have been adopted. This paper draws attention towards policy instruments, namely, green procurement and impact assessment. Green procurement involves the procurement of services, products and also energy that meet environmental requirements. Impact assessment is a process used to evaluate the environmental impacts of a proposed development, and also to plan mitigation measures. This paper primarily uses the conceptualisation of the inter-link between impact assessment and green procurement. Furthermore, a literature review was conducted to identify some of the priority areas that could encourage the procurement of renewable energy in the construction sector. These priority areas include partnerships, planning at early stages of the project development for renewable energy procurement, renewable energy technology and policy integration. Additionally, interviews were conducted with various categories of stakeholders in the Swedish construction sector. The interviews focused on the inter-link between impact assessment and green procurement, and   the priority areas for encouraging the procurement of renewable energy. The interview responses show varied perceptions on the inter-link. Nonetheless, most of them acknowledge the need for the inter-link. The interview process indicates that there is a prevailing tendency within the Swedish construction sector to adopt various commercially available environmental assessment and certification tools. Furthermore, the stakeholders regard partnerships and planning at early stages as the topmost priority areas to consider. The interview process helped in mapping the direction for future research. Future research should investigate the contribution of impact assessment process towards the procurement process. This should also include the establishment of mechanisms for inter-connecting green procurement and impact assessment. In so doing, future research should also examine how the inter-link could be facilitated by certification tools. In addition, the future research should examine and discuss how partnerships need to be arranged within the context of the inter-link.

  • 8.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Mörtberg, Ulla
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Promoting renewable energy in the construction sector using environmental impact assessment as a tool2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 9.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Mörtberg, Ulla
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Promoting renewable energy through green procurement and impact assessment2011In: Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 57: Volume 12 Sustainable Cities and Regions / [ed] Professor Bahram Moshfegh, Linköping University Electronic Press , 2011, p. 3002-3009Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With urbanization, the construction sector (CS) has been consuming great quantities of energy and contributing to almost 50 percent of the global GHG emissions. Thus, it is imperative for the CS to adopt a sustainable energy system (SES). Renewable energy (RE) is foreseen as a viable option to promote SES. However, adopting RE in CS involves challenges within the areas of both RE development and infrastructure planning (IP). These challenges call for research not only on technology, but also on policy aspects and systems thinking. Thus, the aim of this paper is to understand the scope for incorporating discussions on RE use within the policy instruments (PIs) used in the IP process. The method involved literature review from the perspective of the synthesis of PIs that have the capacities to accommodate discussions on sustainability during planning.

    The paper highlights a PI called green procurement (GP), which involves procuring services and products that meet environmental requirements. GP could go far to ensure that the energy procured is renewable. The paper indicates that the discussion on procuring RE could be routed through synthesis of GP and impact assessment, which is a PI for evaluating environmental impacts, with the capacity to assist IP.

    Download full text (pdf)
    WREC2011_UKetal
  • 10.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    Faith-Ell, Charlotta
    WSP.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Management and Assessment.
    EIA and green procurement: Opportunities for strengthening their coordination2012In: Environmental impact assessment review, ISSN 0195-9255, E-ISSN 1873-6432, Vol. 33, no 1, p. 73-79Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    EIA plays an important role in enhancing the environmental performance of the construction sector. In recent years, the construction sector has been developing green procurement practices. Green procurement is a process that involves the incorporation of environmental requirements during the procurement of services and products. However, discussion on green procurement is rarely seen during the EIA phase. This paper addresses possible opportunities for improving the coordination between EIA and green procurement within the construction sector. The linking of EIA and green procurement has been postulated in the paper as an aid to strengthen the coordination between project planning and implementation. The paper is based on a literature review and is an outcome of an on-going research project concerning EIA and green procurement. This study indicated that it would be appropriate to introduce green procurement during the pre-decision phase of an EIA. In the present study, the opportunities for integrating green procurement at the stage of EIA are associated with the integration of project planning and EIA. Future research should investigate the mechanism through which the link can be established.

  • 11.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Faith-Ell, Charlotta
    WSP.
    Balfors, Berit
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Increasing IA effectiveness by green procurement2010In: IAIA10 Conference Proceedings 'The Role of Impact Assessment in Transitioning to the Green Economy', 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper is to contribute towards the knowledge of increasing environmental performance of the construction industry by focusing on strengthening the links between project planning and project implementation. The paper identifies the possibilities for and the challenges involved in developing an interlinked process for Environmental Impact Assessmentand Green procurement. In order to enhance the environmental performace of the construction industry, demands have been raised to reduce the environmental impacts during all stages of planning and construction process. Application of green procurement is one way to take environmental issues into consideration. However, planning for green procurement at the stage of environmental impact assessment is still not evident in the construction sector.Since EIA is a legal requirement for almost all construction projects, the improved coordination between EIA and green procurement could strengthen the linkage between planning and construction phases.The possibilities and challenges for this coordination have been identified by focusing on the theory of integration of EIAwith planning.The consideration of EIA as a planning tool and integratingprinciples ofEIA within the design process of projects could provide space for the introduction of green procurement into EIA. Future researchshould focus on theanalysis ofthedimensions of institutionalization and the factors that influence the policy integration; link between activities and environmental aspects; and on developing a model for integratingEIA and green procurement.

  • 12.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Le Lann Roos, Caroline
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Competitive dialogue for sustainable public procurementManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Uttam, Kedar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Roos, Caroline Le Lann
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Competitive dialogue procedure for sustainable public procurement2015In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 86, p. 403-416Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The construction sector has adopted green public procurement to improve its environmental performance. Green public procurement is a process whereby contracting authorities aim to procure services and products that meet environmental requirements. In recent years, green public procurement has extended to sustainable public procurement, which involves the incorporation of both environmental and social considerations in the procurement of goods and services. Previous studies have suggested the relevance of contractor engagement strategies and the need for appropriate models to promote dialogue in sustainable public procurement. This paper illustrates one such model called the competitive dialogue procedure. This newly introduced procurement procedure allows the contracting authority to hold discussions with shortlisted contractors regarding the authority's requirements. The paper uses the practical case of the Kvarnholmen link project in Sweden. The Kvarnholmen link is an infrastructure project that includes the construction of a bridge, tunnel, underpass and pedestrian and bike path. Action research was conducted to examine the competitive dialogue procedure. This paper has strengthened the conceptualisation that the procedure can facilitate sustainable public procurement with the aid of its key elements, such as provisionally preferred solution and dialogue sessions. In addition, the paper analyses the consequences of the weight used for environmental considerations in the bid evaluation process. This paper recommends that contracting authorities implementing competitive dialogue procedure must use provisionally preferred solution to identify sustainable public procurement preferences. Dialogue sessions with contractors should involve discussions regarding sustainable public procurement to ensure consistency between the weight for environmental considerations and respective preferences.

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