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  • 1.
    Atasoy, Merve
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Bio-based volatile fatty acid production and recovery from waste streams: Current status and future challenges2018In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 268, p. 773-786Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bio-based volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste-stream is getting attention due to increasing market demand and wide range usage area as well as its cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach. The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of bio-based VFA production and recovery methods and to give an opinion on future research outlook. Effects of operation conditions including pH, temperature, retention time, type of substrate and mixed microbial cultures on VFA production and composition were reviewed. The recovery methods in terms of gas stripping with absorption, adsorption, solvent extraction, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and membrane contractor of VFA were evaluated. Furthermore, strategies to enhance bio-based VFA production and recovery from waste streams, specifically, in-line VFA recovery and bioaugmentation, which are currently not used in common practice, are seen as some of the approaches to enhance bio-based VFA production.

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  • 2.
    Cema, Grzegorz
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Surmacz-Gorska, J.
    Dissolved oxygen as a factor influencing nitrogen removal rates in a one-stage system with partial nitritation and Anammox process2011In: Water Science and Technology, ISSN 0273-1223, E-ISSN 1996-9732, Vol. 64, no 5, p. 1009-1015Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A biofilm system with Kaldnes biofilm carrier was used in these studies to cultivate bacteria responsible for both partial nitritation and Anammox processes. Due to co-existence of oxygen and oxygen-free zones within the biofilm depth, both processes can occur in a single reactor. Oxygen that inhibits the Anammox process is consumed in the outer layer of the biofilm and in this way Anammox bacteria are protected from oxygen. The impact of oxygen concentration on nitrogen removal rates was investigated in the pilot plant (2.1 m(3)), supplied with reject water from the Himmerfjarden Waste Water Treatment Plant. The results of batch tests showed that the highest nitrogen removal rates were obtained for a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration around 3 g O(2) m(-3). At a DO concentration of 4 g O(2) m(-3), an increase of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen concentrations in the batch reactor were observed. The average nitrogen removal rate in the pilot plant during a whole operating period oscillated around 1.3 g N m(-2)d(-1) (0.3 +/- 0.1 kg N m(-3)d(-1)) at the average dissolved oxygen concentration of 2.3 g O(2) m(-3). The maximum value of a nitrogen removal rate amounted to 1.9 g N m(-2)d(-1) (0.47 kg N m(-3)d(-1)) and was observed for a DO concentration equal to 2.5 g O(2) m(-3). It was observed that increase of biofilm thickness during the operational period, had no influence on nitrogen removal rates in the pilot plant.

  • 3. Cema, Grzegorz
    et al.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Surmacz-Gorska, J.
    Partial nitritation/Anammox process: from two-step towards one step process2010In: Proceedings IWA Word Water Congress, 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 4. Fernández, Isaac
    et al.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Hultman, Bengt
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Méndez, Rámon
    Evaluation of Deammonification Process by Response Surface Models2011In: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 215, no 1-4, p. 299-309Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of the operational variables on the Anammox process has been generally researched considering each variable separately. However, the optimization of the process also requires the identification of the more significant variables and their possible interactions. Response surface models were successfully applied to evaluate the performance of the Anammox process in a deammonification system (i.e., one-stage biofilm Anammox process) taking into account the combined effects caused by two sets of three variables. Specific Anammox activity was measured by a manometric method and used as the response variable. The obtained models pointed out that the significant variables were the temperature, the value of pH, and the ratio between the unionized species of the substrates (free ammonia and free nitrous acid (FA/FNA)). There were interactions among them caused by chemical equilibriums. Total nitrogen concentration and ammonium concentration were found to be not significant in the tested range. According to the models, the optimum values of temperature, pH, and free ammonia to free nitrous acid ratio within the test ranges were, respectively, 30A degrees C, 7.0, and 0.3. Further research at higher temperatures and lower values of pH and FA/FNA ratios would be necessary in order to find the absolute optimum conditions for the process. The obtained model can be also useful in order to develop control strategies that take into account the significant variables and their optimum ranges. A strategy to control deammonification reactors has been proposed, according to the results of the modeling.

  • 5.
    Hader, John D.
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691 Sweden.
    Frenzel, Marcus
    Käppalaförbundet Södra Kungsvägen 315, 181 63 Lidingö Sweden, Södra Kungsvägen 315, Lidingö.
    Scullin, Jerome
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering.
    MacLeod, Matthew
    Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691 Sweden.
    Prioritizing toxic shock threats to sewage treatment plants from down-the-drain industrial chemical spills: the RAVEN STREAM online tool2023In: Environmental Science: Advances, E-ISSN 2754-7000, Vol. 2, no 9, p. 1235-1246Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Down-the-drain chemical spills that reach a sewage treatment plant (STP) can cause a biological “toxic shock” that may reduce or eliminate the capability of STP microorganisms to remove organic matter and nutrients for weeks to months. Thus, chemical spills are a threat to water quality. Here, we present a case study of toxic shock threat prioritization for chemicals used at industrial facilities connected to the Käppala STP in Stockholm, Sweden. We surveyed 60 facilities, collected information on the use and storage of bulk chemical products, and documented 8676 uses of constituent chemicals. In situ chemical tracer experiments were conducted in the primary sewer tunnel leading to Käppala to measure chemical spill dilution during transit to the plant. To assess chemical risks to the plant, we extracted data on toxicity to STP microorganisms for 6168 chemicals from European Chemicals Agency brief profiles and estimated exposure concentrations in the plant using conservative assumptions. Under a high-end spill scenario, the majority of chemicals in the survey posed a negligible risk for adverse effects on plant microorganisms, however 28 chemicals were identified as posing a potential risk and were prioritized for additional information gathering to refine our conservative assumptions. The analysis framework was built into an online tool (RAVEN STREAM) provided as free, open-source software for STP operators to screen for threats posed by possible chemical spills at connected facilities. The threat identification framework can facilitate communication between STPs and their upstream industrial clients to mitigate possible high-risk chemical spills before they happen.

  • 6.
    Hultman, Bengt
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Wastewater treatment: new challenges2010In: Research and application of new technologies in wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste disposal in Ukraine, Sweden and Poland: Proceedings of a Polish-Swedish-Ukrainian seminar / [ed] E. Plaza, E. Levlin, 2010, p. 1-11Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Kalibbala, Herbert
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Kaggwa, Rose
    Makarere University.
    Wahlberg, Olle
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Characteristics of natural organic matter and formation of chlorination by-products at Masaka waterworks2011In: Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - Aqua, ISSN 0003-7214, E-ISSN 1365-2087, Vol. 60, no 8, p. 511-519Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To minimise the formation of chlorination by-products (CBPs) it is imperative that attention is directed towards the structure and occurrence of natural organic matter (NOM) in raw water sources, and its flow and fate during water treatment processes. In this study, an assessment of the characteristics and flow of NOM along the treatment train at the full scale treatment plant at Masaka, Uganda, was made. Results indicated that 79% of the NOM, determined as total organic carbon, was in the dissolved form (DOC) with 83% of the DOC being hydrophilic in character. The insignificant amount of hydrophobic fraction in the raw water implies that the contributing fraction to THMs formation was mainly the hydrophilic component which subsequently was poorly removed along all units except clarification. The treated water from all unit processes provided specific ultraviolet absorbance values greater than 2 L/mg-m at 254 nm wavelength, indicating that it still had a high potential of reacting with chlorine to form CBPs. This renders water from Nabajjuzi River as unsuitable for chlorination in early stages of treatment and necessitating modification of the processes to reduce or avoid formation of unwanted by-products.

  • 8.
    Kalibbala, Herbert Mpagi
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Wahlberg, Olle
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Horizontal Flow Filtration Bed: Impact on Removal of Natural Organic Matter and Iron Co-Existing in Water Source2012In: Separation science and technology (Print), ISSN 0149-6395, E-ISSN 1520-5754, Vol. 47, no 11, p. 1628-1637Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Removal of natural organic matter and iron co-existing in water source is a challenge and a major problem in the developing world where the most commonly applied process in water treatment is pre-chlorination which results in early formation chlorinated by-products. Results from this study proved that horizontal roughing filter system with natural pumice is a promising option for pre-treatment of such waters. The filter recorded average reductions of total and ferrous iron of 39% and 89%, respectively, and trihalomethanes formation potential of 35% after 1 hour and 29% after 6 hours along the filter. Further reductions of 49% and 61% were achieved when the pretreated water was subjected to coagulation.

  • 9. Kalibbala, Herbert
    et al.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Impact of anthropogenic activities and climate change on raw water quality in Uganda: Case of River Nabajjuzi Watershed2010In: Research and application of new technologies in wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste disposal in Ukraine, Sweden and Poland: Proceedings of a Polish-Swedish-Ukrainian seminar / [ed] E. Plaza, E. Levlin, 2010, p. 141-148Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Kalibbala, Herbert
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Wahlberg, Olle
    Kaggwa, Rose
    Makarere University.
    Pre-treatment of algal-laden water using volcanic ash in a dual media filtration system2010In: Proceedings of the 3rd IASTED African Conference Water Resource Management, 2010, p. 135-141Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Koseoglu-Imer, Derya Y.
    et al.
    Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
    Oral, Hasan Volkan
    İstanbul Aydın University, Department of Civil Engineering (English), Faculty of Engineering, Florya Campus, K. Cekmece, İstanbul, 34295, Turkey.
    Coutinho Calheiros, Cristina Sousa
    Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal.
    Krzeminski, Pawel
    Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, Oslo, N-0579, Norway.
    Güçlü, Serkan
    Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Pereira, Sofia Almeida
    Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto, 4169-005, Portugal.
    Surmacz-Górska, Joanna
    Silesian University of Technology, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Akademicka 2, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering.
    Samaras, Petros
    International Hellenic University, Department of Food Science and Technology, Sindos campus, Thessaloniki, 57400, Greece.
    Binder, Pablo Martin
    BETA Tech. Center (TECNIO Network). University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Carretera de Roda 70, Vic, 08500, Spain.
    van Hullebusch, Eric D.
    Université Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris, France.
    Devolli, Ariola
    Agricultural University of Tirana, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food, Tirana, Albania.
    Current challenges and future perspectives for the full circular economy of water in European countries2023In: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 03014797, Vol. 345, article id 118627Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reviews the current problems and prospects to overcome circular water economy management challenges in European countries. The geopolitical paradigm of water, the water economy, water innovation, water management and regulation in Europe, environmental and safety concerns at water reuse, and technological solutions for water recovery are all covered in this review, which has been prepared in the frame of the COST ACTION (CA, 20133) FULLRECO4US, Working Group (WG) 4. With a Circular Economy approach to water recycling and recovery based on this COST Action, this review paper aims to develop novel, futuristic solutions to overcome the difficulties that the European Union (EU) is currently facing. The detailed review of the current environmental barriers and upcoming difficulties for water reuse in Europe with a Circular Economy vision is another distinctive aspect of this study. It is observed that the biggest challenge in using and recycling water from wastewater treatment plants is dealing with technical, social, political, and economic issues. For instance, geographical differences significantly affect technological problems, and it is effective in terms of social acceptance of the reuse of treated water. Local governmental organizations should support and encourage initiatives to expand water reuse, particularly for agricultural and industrial uses across all of Europe. It should not also be disregarded that the latest hydro politics approach to water management will actively contribute to addressing the issues associated with water scarcity.

  • 12.
    Levlin, Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Fosforåtervinning från avloppsrening med sidoströmshydrolys2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Phosphorus can be extracted from side stream hydrolysis in treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal. Soluble phosphate released during the hydrolysis of return sludge is anaerobic treatment where the carbon source is produced from sludge. Different variants for recycling, from the side stream, for example, PhoStrip process in which phosphorus is recovered from the return sludge of phosphorus rich sludge from the activated sludge processes with biological phosphorus removal. Another alternative is to recover phosphorus from a side stream withdrawn from the anaerobic active sludge process, where phosphorus is released to the solution. Phosphorus recovery from phosphorous partial side stream is expected to give a phosphorus recovery of 60-65%. Experiments have been carried out with sludge from side stream hydrolysis at a process with biological phosphorus removal. After separation of the aqueous phase phosphorous was precipitated with both magnesium and calcium, which gave a precipitation of phosphorus at 79 to 100%. At precipitation with magnesium struvite (MgNH4PO4) was formed and calcium phosphate (Ca 10 (OH)2(PO4)6) with calcium. Analysis of the sludge before (100 mg P/l) and the sludge after the hydrolysis shows that 20% phosphorus 20 mg P/l is released to the water phase. With 124 tons per year phosphorus in the incoming sewage and a release of 20 % be in the sludge hydrolysis, the phosphorus recovery potential should be 25 tons per year. However, with a flow of 54 m3/h through the sludge hydrolysis is phosphorus recovery potential will be 9.5 tons per year.

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  • 13. Makuch, A.
    et al.
    Medrzycka, K.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Investigation of sulphonamides effect on Anammox process2010In: Research and application of new technologies in wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste disposal in Ukraine, Sweden and Poland: Proceedings of a Polish-Swedish-Ukrainian seminar / [ed] E. Plaza, E. Levlin, 2010, p. 9-20Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of selected sulphonamides such as sulphacetamide (SCM) and ptoluenesulphonamide(p-TSA) on the Anammox process was investigated. The short-term (14-hour) and long-term (90-day) exposure of mixed Anammox culture to SCM and p-TSA wasapplied. The aim of long-term exposure study (conducted in continuous-flow bioreactors) was toinvestigate a long-term influence of sulphonamides on Anammox process and on adaptation ofAnammox culture to sulphonamides. The batch test performances resulted in the N-removal ratefor non-acclimated and acclimated Anammox culture. The experiments were carried out atsulphonamides concentration of: 10, 20, 40, 80, 100 and 1000 mg/dm3. The results confirmed thatboth sulphonamides inhibit the Anammox process, however, the effect is more evident in the caseof SCM. The higher the sulphonamides concentration, the stronger inhibition of microorganisms’activity was observed.

  • 14. Makuch, A.
    et al.
    Medrzycka, K.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    The effect of sulphonamides on activated sludge dehydrogenase activity2010In: Research and application of new technologies in wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste disposal in Ukraine, Sweden and Poland: Proceedings of a Polish-Swedish-Ukrainian seminar / [ed] E. Plaza, E. Levlin, 2010, p. 113-122Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of sulphonamides on activity of activated sludge dehydrogenase was studied. Three sulphonamides, such as sulphacetamide (SCM), sulphanilamide (SA), p-toluenesulphonamide(p-TSA), were selected for investigations and their concentrations ranged from 10 to100 mg/l. Dehydrogenase activity was evaluated with the TTC test. Twelve samples of activated sludge collected from the Gdansk wastewater treatment plant were used. Dehydrogenase activity, its inhibition and degree of toxicity at the presence of sulphonamides have been studied and evaluated. It has been found that the dehydrogenase activity decreases with the increase of a sulphonamidesconcentration, and the effect was the highest for p-TSA. On the other side, the maximal toxicityvalue was the highest in case of SA and the lowest for p-TSA.

  • 15.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Evaluation of factors influencing specific Anammox activity (SAA) using surface modelling2010In: Research and application of new technologies in wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste disposal in Ukraine, Sweden and Poland: Proceedings of a Polish-Swedish-Ukrainian seminar / [ed] E. Plaza, E. Levlin, 2010, p. 35-45Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Temperature and substrate dependence of speed of anammox process simulation2011In: EKOinform, ISSN 2222-3010, Vol. 263, no 3, p. 22-23Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering. ] Lviv Polytech Natl Univ, Dept Ind Ecol & Sustainable Environm Management, Ukraine.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Malovanyy, Myroslav
    Ammonium removal by partial nitritation and Anammox processes from wastewater with increased salinity2015In: Environmental technology, ISSN 0959-3330, E-ISSN 1479-487X, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 595-604Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work is dedicated to the biological treatment of wastewater with increased salinity using a combination of partial nitritation and Anammox processes. Two one-stage deammonification moving bed biofilm reactors were operated with the increase in NaCl concentration every two weeks by 5 and 2.5 g/L. The strategy with a step of 5 g/L of salinity increase led to complete inhibition of the process at the salinity level of 15 g/L. The strategy with a step of 2.5 g/L gave possibility to adapt bacteria to the elevated salinity. After reaching the salinity level of 10 g NaCl/L, the reactor was operated during 92 days with a nitrogen removal rate of 0.39 +/- 0.19 g N/(m(2)center dot day) (0.078 +/- 0.038 kg N/m(3)center dot day) and an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 59%. It was shown that conductivity cannot be used for monitoring the process when a reactor is treating wastewater with increased salinity, whereas pH can be correlated to effluent ammonium concentration regardless of wastewater salinity.

  • 18.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering. Lviv Polytech Natl Univ, Dept Ind Ecol & Sustainable Environm Management, Ukraine.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Malovanyy, Myroslav
    Combination of ion exchange and partial nitritation/Anammox process for ammonium removal from mainstream municipal wastewater2014In: Water Science and Technology, ISSN 0273-1223, E-ISSN 1996-9732, Vol. 70, no 1, p. 144-151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, a new technology of nitrogen removal from mainstream municipal wastewater is proposed. It is based on ammonium removal by ion exchange and regeneration of ion exchange material with 10-30 g/L NaCl solution with further nitrogen removal from spent regenerant by partial nitritation/Anammox process. Influence of regenerant strength on performance of ion exchange and biological parts of the proposed technology was evaluated. Moreover, the technology was tested in batch mode using pretreated municipal wastewater, strong acid cation (SAC) resin and partial nitritation/Anammox biomass. It was shown that with ion exchange it is possible to remove 99.9% of ammonium from wastewater while increasing the concentration of ammonium in spent regenerant by 18 times. Up to 95% of nitrogen from spent regenerant, produced by regeneration of SAC resin with 10 g/L NaCl solution, was removed biologically by partial nitritation/Anammox biomass. Moreover, the possibilities of integration of the technology into municipal wastewater treatment technology, and the challenges and advantages are discussed.

  • 19. Malovanyy, Andriy
    et al.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Yatchyshyn, Y.
    Concentration of ammonium from wastewater using ion exchange materials as a preceding step to partial nitritation/Anammox process2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Sakalova, H.
    Yatchyshyn, Y.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Malovanyy, M.
    Concentration of ammonium from municipal wastewater using ion exchange process2013In: Desalination, ISSN 0011-9164, E-ISSN 1873-4464, Vol. 329, p. 93-102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The scope of this study is concentration of ammonium from municipal wastewater using ion exchange process. Four types of ion exchange materials were tested in packed bed columns, namely strong and weak acid cation exchange resins and natural and synthetic zeolites. In total 23 runs of saturation and regeneration were done using synthetic wastewaters of different kinds and pretreated municipal wastewater. Due to its high exchange capacity and fast regeneration strong acid cation exchange resin was found to be the most suitable for ammonium concentration under condition that selectivity of ammonium removal is not of a main concern and it allows concentrating ammonium from 27 to 580mg NH4-N/L. If selective ammonium removal is required, natural zeolite should be used instead. Regeneration with 0.17M HCl and 0.17-0.51M NaCl was tested and suitability of different regenerants for different technologies of spent regenerant treatment was discussed. It was shown that electric conductivity measurements can be used for detection of breakthrough and estimation of ammonium concentration in outflow from an ion exchange column. Breakthrough curve fitting with Thomas and Adams-Bohart models was performed which gave information about the maximum exchange capacity of materials and kinetics of ion exchange.

  • 21.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering. IVL Swedish Environmental Institute, Valhallavägen 81, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    Mainstream wastewater treatment in integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor by partial nitritation/anammox process2015In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 198, p. 478-487Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study the system based on the combination of biofilm and activated sludge (IFAS - integrated fixed film activated sludge) was tested and compared with a system that relies only on biofilm (MBBR - moving bed biofilm reactor) for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater by deammonification process. By introduction of suspended biomass into MBBR the nitrogen removal efficiency increased from 36 +/- 3% to 70 +/- 4% with simultaneous 3-fold increase of nitrogen removal rate. Results of batch tests and continuous reactor operation showed that organotrophic nitrate reduction to nitrite, followed by anammox reaction contributed to this high removal efficiency. After sCOD/NH4-N ratio decreased from 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 1.3 +/- 0.1 removal efficiency decreased to 52 +/- 4%, while still maintaining 150% higher removal rate, comparing to MBBR. Activity tests revealed that affinity of NOB to oxygen is higher than affinity of AOB with half-saturation constants of 0.05 and 0.41 mg/L, respectively.

  • 22.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Yang, Jingjing
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Combination of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and partial nitritation/anammox moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for municipal wastewater treatment2015In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 180, p. 144-153Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study the combination of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a deammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for mainstream wastewater treatment was tested. The competition between aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was studied during a 5 months period of transition from reject water to mainstream wastewater followed by a 16 months period of mainstream wastewater treatment. The decrease of influent ammonium concentration led to a wash-out of suspended biomass which had a major contribution to nitrite production. Influence of a dissolved oxygen concentration and a transient anoxia mechanism of NOB suppression were studied. It was shown that anoxic phase duration has no effect on NOB metabolism recovery and oxygen diffusion rather than affinities of AOB and NOB to oxygen determine the rate of nitrogen conversion in a biofilm system. Anammox activity remained on the level comparable to reject water treatment systems.

  • 23. Morling, S.
    et al.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Biological nitrogen removal at low water temperatures - long term experience2011In: DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, ISSN 1944-3994, Vol. 25, no 1-3, p. 226-232Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many earlier publication presented the lowest temperature of 10 degrees C as feasible for nitrification process. The article evaluates long-term experience with biological nitrogen removal at low temperatures (between 2 and 10 degrees C), studied at four wastewater treatment plants operated with SBR-technology: Holbaek (Denmark), Nowy Targ (Poland), Nynashamn and Skaulo (Sweden). Influence if nitrogen loads and COD/N ratio on nitrification rate was studied. Despite of operation at low temperatures during 3-4 months of the year good relation between the nitrogen load and the specific nitrification rate has been obtained. Long-term studies regarding nitrification, temperature and SRT demonstrated that the actually needed (aerated) SRT were lower than the normally recommended values. In some cases the nitrification was maintained at a lower efficiency even during non-aerated phases due to remaining free oxygen in the reactor that is used for nitrification.

  • 24. Mpagi, K. H.
    et al.
    Rose, K.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Use of volcanic ash and its impact on algae proliferation in drinking water filtration2013In: Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, ISSN 2043-9083, Vol. 3, no 2, p. 199-206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With increasing pollution of the available water resources, development of safe drinking water supplies is increasingly becoming a challenge, both for developing and developed countries. To alleviate the prevailing difficulties, approaches should focus on sustainable water supply and treatment systems that require minimal maintenance and operator skills. In this study, a pre-treatment of water containing algae using a combination of volcanic ash (VA) and sand in a filtration system was assessed. The results indicated that a combination of VA and sand performed better in the removal of algae than sand alone. However, it was noted that different algae genera were removed at different rates within the two types of media arrangement. In addition, there was an increase in the filtration run length of the ash-sand columns with VA on top of sand of about two and half times compared with the sand columns. It is therefore anticipated that pre-treatment of raw water laden with algae using ash-sand would probably improve on the performance of the subsequent conventional processes in removing intact cells of algae and thus reduce the threat of releasing toxins into the water that may not be removed by the subsequent conventional treatment processes.

  • 25.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Balachandran, Srija
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Co-fermentation of municipal waste streams: Effects of pretreatment methods on volatile fatty acids production2021In: Biomass and Bioenergy, ISSN 0961-9534, E-ISSN 1873-2909, Vol. 145, article id 105950Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of direct enzyme cocktail addition and other pretreatment methods on VFA production through cofermentation of primary sludge and external organic waste were studied under initial alkaline (pH 10) and acidic (pH 5) conditions. Besides the direct enzymes addition, 24-h enzymatic, ultrasonic, ultrasonic+24-h enzymatic and thermal were the other pretreatment methods employed. Under the alkaline condition, direct addition of enzymes enhanced VFA production by 29-39%, attaining VFA yields of 364-633 mg COD g(-1) VS throughout the experimental period, whereas there was 37-43% increase in VFA production under the acidic condition only at retention days 1 and 2, achieving VFA yield of 207 and 215 mg COD g(-1) VS, respectively. VFA composition was dominated by acetic acid (54-67%) and propionic acid (31-46%) under alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. Direct enzyme addition increased the percentage of caproic acid from 8 9% to 16-17%, under the acidic condition. While 24-h enzymatic pretreatment didn't show any improvement on VFA production, thermal, ultrasonic+24-h enzymatic and ultrasonic pretreatment methods increased VFA production by only 18,14 and 4%, reaching maximum VFA yields of 512,486 and 445 mg COD g(-1) VS, respectively. On the other hand, these pretreatment methods significantly increased biogas production. Experiment without pretreatment achieved maximum biogas production of 392 NmL CH4 at day 9 while experiments with pretreatments achieved a maximum of 679-954 NmL CH4 in the order of no pretreatment < ultrasonic < thermal < 24-h enzymatic < ultrasonic+24-h enzymatic. The study gives insight into how pretreatment strategy can influence VFA production and composition.

  • 26.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Bedaso, Binyam
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Döhler, Cora
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Pan, Chengyang
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Baresel, Christian
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Volatile fatty acids production from municipal waste streams and use as a carbon source for denitrification: The journey towards full-scale application and revealing key microbial players2022In: Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Bedaso, Binyam
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Laumeyer, C.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering. Tech Univ Kaiserslautern, Water Infrastruct Resources Inst, Paul Ehrlich Str 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany..
    Pan, Chengyang
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Malovany, A.
    IVL Swedish Environm Res Inst, Box 210 60, S-10031 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Baresel, C.
    IVL Swedish Environm Res Inst, Box 210 60, S-10031 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Volatile fatty acids production from municipal waste streams and use as a carbon source for denitrification: The journey towards full-scale application and revealing key microbial players2023In: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews, ISSN 1364-0321, E-ISSN 1879-0690, Vol. 175, article id 113163Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production is attracting interest as a sustainable approach to maximize resource recovery from organic wastes. This study explored the interlink between long-term system resilience of VFA production from primary sludge (PS) and external organic waste (OW) without pH control and the microbial community dynamics as well as the effect of substrate variability. The study elucidated the practicality of using VFA-rich effluent as a carbon source for wastewater denitrification. A 15 L bench-scale semi-continuous reactor was operated for 315 days with a feed of 70% v/v PS and 30% v/v OW and scaled up to a 2 m3 pilot-scale continuous reactor operated for 264 days. In the bench-scale study, the system was resilient with VFA production of up to 24,700 +/- 400 mg COD/L and a yield of 506 +/- 25 mg COD/g VSfed. The VFA composition was dominated by caproic acid up to 62% w/w. In the pilot-scale reactor, substrate variability influenced VFA production with a concentration of up to 21,500 +/- 500 mg COD/L. The system was shown to be economically viable. The microbial community was dominated by Lachnospiraceae, Streptococcaceae and Comamonadaceae. The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae gave a strong positive statistical correlation with caproic acid concentrations. The VFA-rich effluent exhibited a higher specific denitrification rate than methanol and acetate. Moreover, a continuous denitrification experiment with real nitrified wastewater resulted in a high nitrate removal efficiency with a maximum of 98%. The study demonstrates the production of bio-based products from organic wastes as alternatives to fossil-based products.

  • 28.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Eyice, Özge
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    The study of structure of anaerobic granules and methane producing pathways of pilot-scale UASB reactors treating municipal wastewater under sub-mesophilic conditions2019In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 290, article id 121733Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the methane producing pathways and the characteristics of anaerobic granules treating municipal wastewater. For this purpose, two pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors with different granule size distribution (1-2 mm and 3-4 mm) were investigated at operating temperatures of 20 degrees C and 28 degrees C for 239 days. There was an increased and stable biogas production when temperature was elevated to 28 degrees C likely due to reduction in methane solubility. Larger granules had multi-layered internal microstructures with higher acetoclastic methanogenic activities (250-437 mL CH(4)g(-1) VS d(-1)) than smaller granules (150-260 mL CH(4)g(-1) VS d(-1)). The relative abundance of acetoclastic methanogens of larger granules was higher, confirming acetoclastic methane producing pathway was more prominent. However, there was no significant difference in the performance of the two reactors because they were operating below their capacities in terms of organic loading rate to volatile solids ratio.

  • 29.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Pre-concentration of ammonium to enhance treatment of wastewater using the partial nitritation/anammox process2015In: Environmental technology, ISSN 0959-3330, E-ISSN 1479-487X, Vol. 36, no 10, p. 1256-1264Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is one of the most cost-effective technologies for removing excessive nitrogen compounds from effluents of wastewater treatment plants. The study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using ion exchange (IE) and reverse osmosis (RO) methods to concentrate ammonium to support partial nitritation/anammox process, which so far has been used for treating only wastewater with high concentrations of ammonium. Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor effluents with 40.40, 37.90 and 21.80 mg NH4N/L levels were concentrated with IE method to 367.20, 329.50 and 187.50 mg NH4N/L, respectively, which were about nine times the initial concentrations. RO method was also used to concentrate 41.0 mg NH4N/L of UASB effluent to 163 mg NH4N/L at volume reduction factor 5. The rates of nitrogen removal from respective RO pretreated concentrates by partial nitritation/anammox technology were 0.60, 1.10 and 0.50 g N/m(2)day. The rates were largely influenced by initial nitrogen concentration. However, rates of RO concentrates were 0.74, 0.92 and 0.81 g N/m(2)day even at lower initial NH4N concentration. It was found out from the study that higher salinity decreased the rate of nitrogen removal when using partial nitritation/anammox process. Dissolved oxygen concentration of similar to 1 mg/L was optimal for the operation of the partial nitritation/anammox process when treating IE and RO concentrates. The result shows that IE and RO methods can precede a partial nitritation/anammox process to enhance the treatment of wastewater with low ammonium loads.

  • 30.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE).
    UASB/Anammox technology: A sustainable approach for energy recovery and cost effective nitrogen removal from wastewate2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 31.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    A pilot-scale study of granule-based anaerobic reactors for biogas recovery from municipal wastewater under sub-mesophilic conditions2021In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 337, article id 125431Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT of 3-5 h) and temperature (20-25 degrees C) on performance and microbial dynamics of two pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors with different granule size distribution (UASB1 = 3-4 mm and UASB2 = 1-2 mm) were investigated for 217 days. Increasing the HRT to 5 h even at a lower temperature of 20 degrees C enhanced COD removal and biogas production with average of 59 +/- 16% (up to 85%) and 73 +/- 9 L/(m3 center dot d) (up to 102 L/(m3 center dot d)) for UASB1; 63 +/- 16% (up to 85%) and 75 +/- 9 L/ (m3 center dot d) (up to 90 L/(m3 center dot d)) for UASB2, respectively. This is explained by sufficient contact time between microorganisms and substrate. Acetoclastic methanogenic activity was higher in UASB1 because Methanosaetaceae (produces methane from acetate) dominated (64 +/- 4%). However, Methanoregulaceae (29 +/- 3%) and Methanomicrobiales_unassigned (20 +/- 6%) which produce methane from H2/CO2 and formate were significant in UASB2. The extent of change in the microbial dynamics with HRT and temperature was more obvious in the smaller granule reactor.

  • 32.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Water and Environmental Engineering.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Long-term alkaline volatile fatty acids production from waste streams: Impact of pH and dominance of Dysgonomonadaceae2022In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 346, article id 126621Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alkaline co-fermentation of primary sludge and external organic waste (OW) was studied to elucidate the influence of substrate ratios and long-term system robustness and microbial community dynamics using batch and semi-continuous reactors. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production increased with increasing OW fraction in the substrate due to synergistic effects of co-degradation. VFA production at pH 10 increased up to 30,300 mgCOD/L (yield of 630 mg COD/gVSfed) but reduced over time to ≈10,000 mgCOD/L. Lowering pH to 9 led to the restoration of VFA production with a maximum of 32,000 mg COD/L (676 mg COD/g VSfed) due to changes in microbial structure. VFA was composed mainly of acetic acid, but propionic acid increased at pH 9. The microbial community was dominated by Bacillaceae (34 ± 10%) and Proteinivoracales_uncultured (16 ± 11%) at pH 10, while Dysgonomonadaceae (52 ± 8%) was enriched at pH 9. The study demonstrated a zero-waste strategy that turns organic wastes into bio-based products. 

  • 33.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Production of volatile fatty acids through co-digestion of sewage sludge and external organic waste: Effect of substrate proportions and long-term operation2020In: Waste Management, ISSN 0956-053X, E-ISSN 1879-2456, Vol. 112, p. 30-39Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are intermediates of anaerobic digestion with high value and wide range ofusage. Co-digestion of sewage sludge and external organic waste (OW) for VFA production can helpachieve both resource recovery and ensure sustainable and innovative waste management. In view ofthis, the effect of substrate proportions on VFA production from co-digestion of primary sewage sludgeand OW is studied. Long-term operation in a semi-continuous reactor was performed to assess the resilienceof such a system and the VFA-rich effluent was tested for its ability to be used as carbon source fordenitrification. Co-digestion was initially carried out in batch reactors with OW proportion of 0%, 25%,50%, 75%, 100% in terms of COD and scaled up in a semi-continuous reactor operation with 50% OW.In the short-term operation in the batch mode, acetic acid dominated, however, increasing OW fractionresulted in increased valeric and caproic acid production. Moreover, in the long-term semi-continuousoperation, caproic acid dominated, accounting for 55% of VFAs. The VFA-rich effluent from the semicontinuousreactor achieved the highest denitrification rate as a carbon source when compared withacetic acid and methanol. The results demonstrate that co-fermentation can increase VFA yield and shiftproducts from acetic acid to caproic acid in long-term operation and the VFAs can be used withinwastewater treatment plants to close the loop.

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  • 34.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Resource recovery.
    Wastewater to energy: Relating granule size and biogas production of uasb reactors treating municipal wastewater2020In: Frontiers in Water-Energy-Nexus—Nature-Based Solutions, Advanced Technologies and Best Practices for Environmental Sustainability, Springer Nature , 2020, p. 317-320Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of granular size distribution and temperature on the performance of UASB reactors treating municipal wastewater was studied. Larger granular size distribution favours stable methane production. Increase in temperature increases UASB performance. SMA of sludge decreases with increasing height along the reactor.

  • 35.
    Owusu-Agyeman, Isaac
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology. KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Ind Biotechnol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Elginoz, Nilay
    IVL Swedish Environm Res Inst, Box 21060, S-10031 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Atasoy, Merve
    Wageningen Univ, UNLOCK, Stippeneng 2, NL-6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands.;Res & Tech Univ Delft, Stippeneng 2, NL-6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Khatami, Kasra
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Perez-Zabaleta, Mariel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Cabrera-Rodriguez, Carlos
    Greencovery BV, Nieuwe Kanaal 7D, NL-6709 PA Wageningen, Netherlands..
    Yesil, Hatice
    Marmara Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34854 Istanbul, Turkiye..
    Tugtas, A. Evren
    Marmara Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34854 Istanbul, Turkiye..
    Calli, Baris
    Marmara Univ, Dept Environm Engn, TR-34854 Istanbul, Turkiye..
    Cetecioglu, Zeynep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Industrial Biotechnology.
    Conceptual system for sustainable and next-generation wastewater resource recovery facilities2023In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 885, p. 163758-, article id 163758Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Shifting the concept of municipal wastewater treatment to recover resources is one of the key factors contributing to a sustainable society. A novel concept based on research is proposed to recover four main bio-based products from mu-nicipal wastewater while reaching the necessary regulatory standards. The main resource recovery units of the pro-posed system include upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for the recovery of biogas (as product 1) from mainstream municipal wastewater after primary sedimentation. Sewage sludge is co-fermented with external organic waste such as food waste for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production as precursors for other bio-based production. A por-tion of the VFA mixture (product 2) is used as carbon sources in the denitrification step of the nitrification/denitrifica-ti on process as an alternative for nitrogen removal. The other alternative for nitrogen removal is the partial nitrification/anammx process. The VFA mixture is separated with nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membrane technol-ogy into low-carbon VFAs and high-carbon VFAs. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (as product 3) is produced from the low -carbon VFAs. Using membrane contactor-based processes and ion-exchange techniques, high-carbon VFAs are recovered as one-type VFA (pure VFA) and in ester forms (product 4). The nutrient-rich fermented and dewatered bio-solid is applied as a fertilizer. The proposed units are seen as individual resource recovery systems as well as a concept of an integrated system. A qualitative environmental assessment of the proposed resource recovery units confirms the positive environmental impacts of the proposed system.

  • 36.
    Pedrouso, A.
    et al.
    Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia E-15782, Spain.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Val del Rio, A.
    Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia E-15782, Spain.
    Mosquera-Corral, A.
    Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia E-15782, Spain.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Performance of partial nitritation-anammox processes at mainstream conditions in an IFAS system2019In: Journal of Environmental Management, ISSN 0301-4797, E-ISSN 1095-8630, Vol. 250, article id 109538Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The partial nitritation-anammox processes implementation in the main line of wastewater treatment plants would lead them closer to the energy autarky. With this purpose, an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor was operated at pilot scale. Efficient nitrogen removal (72 ± 11%) was achieved for anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater at low temperature (21 – 15 °C), with a nitrogen removal rate of 37 ± 3 g N/(m3·d) at 15 °C. The ammonium oxidizing bacteria were more abundant in the activated sludge, while anammox bacteria were primarily located in biofilm attached onto the carriers surface. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity was similar between both fractions and its specific activity decreased more than that of other populations when the operating temperature was reduced. Furthermore, the IFAS operational strategy (aerobic/anoxic periods) allowed an efficient NOB activity suppression inside the reactor, which accounted only for the 10 – 20% of the maximum potential activity.

  • 37. Persson, F.
    et al.
    Sultana, Razia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Suarez, M.
    Hermansson, M.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Wilén, B. -M
    Structure and composition of biofilm communities in a moving bed biofilm reactor for nitritation-anammox at low temperatures2014In: Bioresource Technology, ISSN 0960-8524, E-ISSN 1873-2976, Vol. 154, p. 267-273Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is a challenge to apply anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) for nitrogen removal from wastewater at low temperatures. Maintenance of anammox- and aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are key issues. In this work, a nitritation-anammox moving bed biofilm pilot reactor was operated at 19-10°C for 300d. Nitrogen removal was decreasing, but stable, at 19-13°C. At 10°C removal became unstable. Quantitative PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization and gene sequencing showed that no major microbial community changes were observed with decreased temperature. Anammox bacteria dominated the biofilm (0.9-1.2×1014 16S rRNA copies m-2). Most anammox bacteria were similar to Brocadia sp. 40, but another smaller Brocadia population was present near the biofilm-water interface, where also the AOB community (Nitrosomonas) was concentrated in thin layers (1.8-5.3×1012 amoA copies m-2). NOB (Nitrobacter, Nitrospira) were always present at low concentrations (&lt;1.3×1011 16S rRNA copies m-2).

  • 38.
    Persson, Frank
    et al.
    Chalmers, Div Water Environm Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Suarez, Carolina
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Hermansson, Malte
    Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Sultana, Razia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Wilen, Britt-Marie
    Chalmers, Div Water Environm Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Community structure of partial nitritation-anammox biofilms at decreasing substrate concentrations and low temperature2017In: Microbial Biotechnology, ISSN 1751-7907, E-ISSN 1751-7915, Vol. 10, no 4, p. 761-772Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) permits energy effective nitrogen removal. Today PNA is used for treatment of concentrated and warm side streams at wastewater treatment plants, but not the more diluted and colder main stream. To implement PNA in the main stream, better knowledge about microbial communities at the typical environmental conditions is necessary. In order to investigate the response of PNA microbial communities to decreasing substrate availability, we have operated a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) at decreasing reactor concentrations (311-27mg-N l(-1) of ammonium) and low temperature (13 degrees C) for 302days and investigated the biofilm community using high throughput amplicon sequencing; quantitative PCR; and fluorescence insitu hybridization. The anammox bacteria (Ca. Brocadia) constituted a large fraction of the biomass with fewer aerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and even less nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB; Nitrotoga, Nitrospira and Nitrobacter). Still, NOB had considerable impact on the process performance. The anammox bacteria, AOB and NOB all harboured more than one population, indicating some diversity, and the heterotrophic bacterial community was diverse (seven phyla). Despite the downshifts in substrate availability, changes in the relative abundance and composition of anammox bacteria, AOB and NOB were small and also the heterotrophic community showed little changes in composition. This indicates stability of PNA MBBR communities towards decreasing substrate availability and suggests that even heterotrophic bacteria are integral components of these communities.

  • 39. Persson, Frank
    et al.
    Sultana, Razia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Wilén, Britt-Marie
    Hermansson, Malte
    Sörensson, Fred
    Matsson, Ann
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    One-stage nitritation: anaerobic ammonium oxidation at low temperatures in a moving bed biofilm reactor2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bacteria capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) enable autotrophic nitrogen removal. Organic carbon in wastewater can instead be utilized for energy production. However, anammox-based processes are not yet used at any extent for treatment of the main stream at wastewater treatment plants. One of the reasons for this is the challenge for the slow growing autotrophic bacteria to work at low temperatures. Here we investigate one-stage nitritation-anammox at temperatures of 13-16°C in a pilot moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) receiving reject water from anaerobic sludge digestion. At a target nitrogen loading rate of 1 g NH4+-N m-2 d-1 the average nitrogen removal rate was 0.81 g NH4+-N m-2 d-1 and 0.55 g NH4+-N m-2 d-1 at 16°C and 13°C respectively. At low temperatures oxygen control is important to avoid oxygen penetration to the deeper parts of the biofilm, which causes inhibition of the anammox bacteria and as a result nitrite accumulation. Hence, the process was operated at conditions to limit the activity of the aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by oxygen availability. The biofilm biomass was dominated by anammox bacteria, with 1.0 × 1014 copies m-2 (16S rRNA), with considerably fewer AOB of 2.1 × 1012 copies m-2 (amoA), as measured by quantitative PCR. Cell specific conversion rates of anammox bacteria and AOB were estimated at 0.3-0.5 fmol N cell-1 d-1 and 7-9 fmol N cell-1 d-1, respectively. The study shows the applicability of one-stage nitritation-anammox in MBBRs at low temperatures and highlights the importance of quantification of AOB and anammox bacteria for understanding process performance.

  • 40.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology. KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Levlin, Erik
    Morling, Stig
    Falk, Lina
    Pilotförsök med MABR på Ekeby avloppsreningsverk: Teknisk rapport av ESEM, KTH & Sweco2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This pilot project with membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was performed at Ekeby sewage treatment plant in Eskilstuna, Sweden. Ekeby faces a future challenge with growing population, where higher processing capacity is needed and new requirements for total nitrogen <10 mg/L in the discharge, according to the new standard. MABR, a newly developed technology with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, was chosen as a promising technique to cope with the challenge. The trials were conducted for a 230 days period from July 12, 2017 to February 28, 2018.The pilot was designed as an activated sludge process with pre-denitrification with first an anaerobic tank where Zeelung membrane modules were placed, followed by an aerobic tank and finally a sedimentation unit where the return sludge was returned to the inlet. The feed water for the pilot comes from the treatkment plant's pre-sedimentation. Several analyzes were made on the inflow to the MABR reactor, in the volume with the Zeelung module, in the aerated volume and in outflow from the sedimentation tank. Ammonium content in incoming flow was 27 mg/L at the start of the trial to decrease to an average of 16 mg/L after day 60. Temperature in the inflow decreased during the experiment from 20 °C to 10 °C at day 124, to then stabilize on 12 °C. The reduction of organic material, such as BOD7, decreased from 90% at the start to 60% at the end of the trial, which is attributable to a lack of sludge separation in the final sedimentation.Nitrogen separation increased from 32 % at the start of the trial to an average of 53 % at the end of the trial. Nitrification in the Zeelung module increased from 27 % of oxidized nitrogen at the start of the experiment to 45 % at the end of the experiment. Along with the nitrification in the air volume, the nitrification of ammonium was almost total until day 175, January 3, when it fell sharply to the minimum 40 % on January 23, day 195, due to a combination of load and sludge from the sedimentation stage resulting in a shortened and insufficient sludge age. When the availability of organic carbon for denitrification was considered insufficient to cope with operation at low water temperature, and in combination with low levels of dissolved COD in incoming sewage, acetate was added from day 121. Prior to the addition of carbon source, the denitrification rate was on average 40% after the addition of carbon source, go up to 60% at the end of the test. The processes in the Zeelung module showed better operational stability than in the subsequent aerobic reactor.

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  • 41.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Stridh, Sara
    Kanders, L
    Örnmark, J
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Swedish experience with deammonification process in biofilm system2011In: Proceedings IWA/WEF Conference: Nutrient Recovery and Management 2011, 2011, p. 1333-1345Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Present and future directions in Swedish research on wastewater handling2010In: Research and application of new technologies in wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste disposal in Ukraine, Sweden and Poland: Proceedings of a Polish-Swedish-Ukrainian seminar / [ed] E. Plaza, E. Levlin, 2010, p. 1-8Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Hultman, Bengt
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Swedish experience with deammonification process in biofilm system2010In: Research and application of new technologies in wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste disposal in Ukraine, Sweden and Poland: Proceedings of a Polish-Swedish-Ukrainian seminar / [ed] E. Plaza, E. Levlin, 2010, p. 31-40Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Treatment of supernatant from dewatering of digested sludge was performed in a pilotplant scale at Himmerfjärden wastewater treatment plant in the Stockholm region. A moving bedbiofilm reactor was used with Kaldnes rings as support material. Deammonification is a two-stepprocess technology in which the first step involves oxidation of part of the ammonium to nitritefollowed by oxidation of remaining ammonium with the formed nitrite into nitrogen gas(anammox). The two processes can be performed in two separate reactors or in one-stage biofilmreactor there the outer biofilm layer performs nitritation and an inner layer the anammox reaction.One-stage technology was started by seeding anammox bacteria into a step with partial nitritationand deammonification was rapidly established with an average nitrogen removal between 55 and88% with influent ammonium concentrations between 350 and 720 g N m-3. A removal rate ofabout 15 g N m-3 d-1 could be reached. The process could be monitored by pH and conductivitymeasurements. Nitrititation was the rate limiting step.

  • 44. Popovych, O.
    et al.
    Malovanyy, M.
    Malovanyy, Andriy
    Department of Ecology and Environment Protection, Lviv National Polytechnic University.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering, Water, Sewage and Waste technology.
    Hrybovychi municipal solid waste landfill reclamation and coherent pollution prevention in holistic approach2010In: Research and application of new technologies in wastewater treatment and municipal solid waste disposal in Ukraine, Sweden and Poland: Proceedings of a Polish-Swedish-Ukrainian seminar / [ed] E. Plaza, E. Levlin, 2010, p. 149-156Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Salmistraro, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Fernández, I.
    Dosta, J.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Mata, J.
    Mainstream Deammonification: Preliminary Experience Employing Granular AOB-Enriched Biomass at Low DO Values2017In: Water, Air and Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, E-ISSN 1573-2932, Vol. 228, no 5, article id 178Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The deammonification process represents one of the most convenient pathways for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A great deal of scientific articles dwells on the treatment of sidestream fluxes, whereas applications to mainstream waters represent a novel field. Among the general challenges of deammonification, one of the most important is the effective selection of ammonia oxidizers (AOB) over nitrite oxidizers (NOB), but also the typical slow start-up periods. In addition to such issues, mainstream deammonification has to face water temperatures and alkalinity reserves lower than those of sidestream fluxes and higher content of organic matter. An attempt was made to tackle such challenges by employing a lab-scale plant; low dissolved oxygen (DO) values (average 0.78 mg/L) and granular AOB-enriched biomass were used in order to address exclusion of nitrite oxidizers. The granules also allowed better biomass retention. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was established initially at 24 h and later decreased to 12 h, as to possibly enhance the performance of the reactor. After 52 days of operation, Anammox biomass was also inoculated to the reactor. The results showed a maximum nitrogen removal efficiency of 54%. Moreover, little quantities of nitrates were observed throughout the experiment (<5 mg N/L twice, under the limit of quantification the rest of the sampling days), meaning that NOB out-selection techniques worked properly. Retention of biomass was also positively addressed and yielded a final SRT value of 15.6 days. Therefore, the proposed solution for mainstream deammonification was demonstrated to be promising and more research would be necessary to optimize it.

  • 46.
    Sultana, Razia
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Yang, Jingjing
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Deammonification process performance and efficiency at different temperatures2013Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 47.
    Trela, Jozef
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Innovative technologies in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Sweden to improve Baltic Sea water quality2018In: E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences , 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The article presents new trends in the treatment of municipal wastewater in Sweden caused by the constantly increasing requirements for discharging pollutants into Baltic Sea waters. The development of new technologies for nitrogen removal, pharmaceutical residues removal and the possibility of using membrane processes in wastewater treatment is presented. The state of research on innovative wastewater treatment processes at the level of pilot-scale tests and their implementation in full technical scale has been described. These technologies can allow the application of new, economical and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment processes based on biological, chemical and physical methods. Swedish wastewater treatment plants are preparing to meet the new conditions required for discharged wastewater with a value of 6 mg N/L for total nitrogen and 0.2 mg P/L for total phosphorus. This requires large investments in the reconstruction of municipal wastewater treatment plants and the introduction of new treatment processes.

  • 48.
    Trela, Jozef
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Yang, Jingjing
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Levlin, Erik
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    Nitritation/anammox-processen för rejektvattenbehandling2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Deammonification, based on partial nitritation combined with anammox, is a more environmental friendly nitrogen removal technology compared to conventional nitrification/denitrification, due to decreased energy need, less use of chemicals and low emissions of CO

    2 and N2O. Treatment of supernatant from dewatering of digested sludge with this technology can decrease nitrogen load to wastewater treatment plants and gives better possibilities to meet future stringent effluent requirements.

    The objective of this study was to investigate strategies for controlling and monitoring the deammonification process in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and evaluate the influence of different aeration strategies on the process performance and efficiency. Experiments were carried out, both in laboratory scale and in a pilot plant at Hammarby Sjöstadsverk.

    A significant parameter influencing the nitrogen removal rate and activity of different microorganisms is dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration which has to be high enough to allow ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to produce a sufficient amount of NO

    2-N for anammox reaction, but not too high to cause inhibition of anammox bacteria and increased activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB).

    The investigations were made with continuous and intermittent aeration with different DO concentrations and different ratios between non-aerated and aerated phase duration (R). The activity of different microorganisms in the biofilm was measured by specific anammox activity (SAA), oxygen uptake rate (OUR) and nitrate utilization rate (NUR) tests. On-line measurement of pH, conductivity and redox potential were useful to monitor the process.

    The highest nitrogen removal rate and efficiency was obtained when DO was 3.5 mg/l and R equaled to 1/3. Activity tests showed that anammox bacteria and AOB played the dominating roles in the biofilm. The average and maximum values of SAA were 3.0 g N/m

    2 × d and 4.3 g N/m2 × d, respectively. An average value of 4.0 g O2/m2 × d and the maximum value of 5.1 g O2/m2 × d was obtained in the OUR test for AOB activity.

    Intermittent aeration reduced energy usage and improved process efficiency. Introduction of anaerobic phases and high nitrogen load enhanced the activity of anammox bacteria and NOB activity was limited. Nitrite production was the bottleneck of the one stage deammonification process.

    Monitoring of N

    2O emissions in the pilot plant showed that 0.4–2 % of nitrogen load was converted into N2O gas. N2O production was related to the nitrogen load, DO concentrations and ratio between non-aerated phase and aerated phase (R).

    The results showed that redox potential (ORP) can be used as control parameter for operation of one stage deammonification process. At experiments using ORP for controlling air flow, the highest nitrogen removal rate and efficiency were obtained when the set point for ORP was 0 mV.

  • 49.
    Trojanowicz, K.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering. St Pigon Krosno State Coll, Dept Environm Engn, Rynek 1, PL-38400 Krosno, Poland..
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Trela, Jozef
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering. Swedish Environm Inst, IVL, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Model extension, calibration and validation of partial nitritation-anammox process in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for reject and mainstream wastewater2019In: Environmental technology, ISSN 0959-3330, E-ISSN 1479-487X, Vol. 40, no 9, p. 1079-1100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the paper, the extension of mathematical model of partial nitritation-anammox process in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is presented. The model was calibrated with a set of kinetic, stoichiometric and biofilm parameters, whose values were taken from the literature and batch tests. The model was validated with data obtained from: laboratory batch experiments, pilot-scale MBBR for a reject water deammonification operated at Himmerfjarden wastewater treatment and pilot-scale MBBR for mainstream wastewater deammonification at Hammarby Sjostadsverk research facility, Sweden. Simulations were conducted in AQUASIM software. The proposed, extended model proved to be useful for simulating of partial nitritation/anammox process in biofilm reactor both for reject water and mainstream wastewater at variable substrate concentrations (influent total ammonium-nitrogen concentration of 530 +/- 68; 45 +/- 2.6 and 38 +/- 3 gN/m(3) - for reject water - and two cases of mainstream wastewater treatment, respectively), temperature (24 +/- 2.8; 15 +/- 1.1 and 18 +/- 0.5 degrees C), pH (7.8 +/- 0.2; 7.3 +/- 0.1 and 7.4 +/- 0.1) and aeration patterns (continuous aeration and intermittent aeration with variable dissolved oxygen concentrations and length of aerated and anoxic phases). The model can be utilized for optimizing and testing different operational strategies of deammonification process in biofilm systems. [GRAPHICS] .

  • 50.
    Trojanowicz, Karol
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering. Krosno State College, Krosno, Poland.
    Plaza, Elzbieta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Combining numerical simulation with response surface modelling for optimization of reject water partial nitritation/anammox in moving bed biofilm reactor2021In: Environmental technology, ISSN 0959-3330, E-ISSN 1479-487X, Vol. 42, no 18, p. 2823-2835Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Optimization of a single-stage, partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process for a reject water treatment in a continuous-flow, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was presented. Response surface method (RSM) was combined with simulation experiments conducted with the validated mathematical model of PN/A in MBBR. The total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency was the response parameter. Eight independent variables were taken into consideration: reject water flow rate (Q), inflow concentrations of the total ammonium nitrogen (TAN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), alkalinity (ALK), pH, temperature (T), dissolved oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid (DO) and aeration time within 60 min intermittent aeration cycle (AERON). Eleven interactions between independent variables were found as significant (p &lt; 0.05). The interaction of AERON*DO had the highest impact on the PN/A process. Optimal values of the controlled variables were found for two cases of MBBR operation. Verification of the optimization was done by the simulation and comparison with the data from the empirical experiments. Under the conditions of the fixed hydraulic retention time of about 38 h, volumetric nitrogen loading rate of 0.48 kgN/m3d, T of 22.5°C, TAN of 750 gN/m3 and optimized values of DO = 3.0 gO2/m3, AERON = 0.54 h, pH = 7.5, ALK = 80 molHCO3/m3, COD = 775 gO2/m3, the predicted TINrem was 78% which is consistent with PN/A performance observed in the technical-scale MBBR systems.

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