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  • 1.
    Leander, John
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Amer, Wadi
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Fatigue testing of a bolted connection for buried flexible steel culverts2017In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering / [ed] Arkadiusz Madaj, Iwona Jankowiak, 2017, Vol. 23, p. 153-162Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A fatigue assessment of steel structures based on the safe life approach requires a detail category representing the fatigue strength. For flexible culverts there are no matching details in the governing regulations. In this paper the testing and evaluation of the fatigue strength of a standardized bolted connection for steel culverts are presented. A test rig was designed to mimic the in-service conditions with a combination of bending moment and axial force. A total of ten specimens was tested to failure. The failure was governed cracks initiating at the indentations from the bolt heads and propagated towards the nearest edge. From the test results, an S-N curve has been derived suggesting a characteristic fatigue strength of 124 MPa at 2 million cycles and a slope of 5 in log-log scale.

  • 2.
    Pettersson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Wadi, Amer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Structural Capacity of Existing Buried Flexible Culverts. Swedish Design Methodology2017In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering, Poland: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznanskiej , 2017, Vol. 23, p. 229-236Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 3.
    Pettersson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Wadi, Amer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Williams, Kevin
    Structural Design of Flexible Culverts Development Trends2017In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering, Poland: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznanskiej , 2017, Vol. 23, p. 237-250Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Wadi, Amer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Flexible culverts in sloping terrain: Research advances and application2015Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Although the construction of flexible culverts involves simplicity in comparison to similar concrete structures, the complexity of the beneficial interaction between soil and steel materials requires good understanding for their composite action and performance. Current design methods have certain validity limitations with regard to applicable slopes above the structures. Given the short construction time of flexible culverts, there is an urge to explore the feasibility and the constructability of such as cost-effective structures in sloping terrain, where they may function as an avalanche protection structure for a given road, a culvert under a ski slope, or even as a protection canopy for tunnel entrances.

    This report compiles the efforts carried out toward gaining knowledge about the different factors that may affect the behaviour of flexible culverts in sloping environment. The report includes an extended summary of the investigation, which is mainly presented in two appended papers. The study involved numerical simulation of three case studies to investigate their performances with regard to soil loading and avalanche loads as well. The height of cover, surface slope intensity, slope stability, soil support conditions, and avalanche proximity, were studied and discussed.

    The study results allowed realizing the susceptibility of flexible culverts to low heights of soil cover when built in sloping terrain, which is reflected in the deformation response and the incremental change in sectional forces, especially the bending moments. It is also found that increasing the depth of soil cover may feasibly improve the structural performance under asymmetrical soil loading and avalanche loads, where it subsequently help in reducing the bending moments in the wall conduit. The presence of a flexible culvert may affect adversely the soil stability in sloping terrain and thus need to be addressed in design. Furthermore, the flexural response of a flexible culvert is directly influenced by the soil support configuration at the downhill side of the structure. In addition, the report also attempts to highlight some general guidelines about the design aspects of flexible culverts in sloping terrain, and seeks to reflect some of the findings on the design methodology for flexible culverts used in Sweden.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Thesis
  • 5.
    Wadi, Amer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Soil-Steel Composite Bridges: Research advances and application2019Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil-steel composite bridges are considered competitive structures being an economical alternative to similar span concrete bridges. This frequently stimulates practitioners to push their design limits and expand the different areas of application including their performance in sloping terrain. This also implies that most design methods are continuously being developed to address new market challenges and at the same time to seek for better design and construction.

    This thesis compiles the recent research efforts to advance the knowledge on the structural performance of soil-steel composite bridges (SSCB). The first part of the thesis investigates the performance of SSCB in sloping terrain, where numerical simulations are used to predict the behaviour of three case studies. This includes structural response under sloped soils and also avalanche loads (Paper I and Paper II). The research enabled to realize the importance of soil configuration around the wall conduit and its influence on the structural response. While the presence of surface slopes emphasizes the susceptibility of SSCB with low depths of soil cover, higher covers may help in reducing the influence of steep slopes and avalanche loads. It was also found that the downhill soil configuration has substantial effects on the flexural response. The findings of the study were also used to provide methods for preliminary estimates of normal forces under sloped soils and avalanches.

    To better understand the load bearing capacity of SSCB, the second part of this thesis deals with the behaviour of large-span structures. It includes the use of finite element method simulations (FEM) for the analysis and the prediction of a previous full-scale loading-to-failure test (Paper III). The study also presents response predictions on the ultimate capacity of a large-span structure pertaining to its ongoing preparation for a full-scale field test (Paper IV). The thesis also includes discussions and possible refinements on current design equations concerning buckling calculations and live load effects. The results of the study have allowed to realize the major role of the soil load effects on the subsequent formation of yield areas and failure loads. It is found that the load position has a direct influence on the ultimate capacity especially for large-span structures. The study also highlighted the variations in the distribution of the live load sectional forces in both the circumferential and the transverse directions of the corrugations. Furthermore, possible refinements are proposed on current design equations of which are believed closely relevant on the path for the design development of large-span structures.

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    fulltext
  • 6.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Structural response of a high profile arch flexible culvert in sloping terrain using finite element modeling2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Flexible culverts are generally considered cost-effective structures for their simplicity in construction and the short time involved in the erection process. This has constantly motivated practitioners to explore the different areas of application including their performance in sloping environment. Yet, the complex nature of the interaction between the soil and steel materials marks a challenge, where the performance of these structures is fundamentally influenced by the quality of the backfill soil and its configuration around the conduit/arch. Surface slopes may affect the structural response by inducing an asymmetrical soil support and an unbalanced earth loading.

    The use of numerical simulation is utilized to provide insights about the performance of flexible culvert in sloping environment, where a case study of a high profile arch is investigated under different construction schemes. The paper focuses mainly on predicting the structural behavior of soil loading effects. The study includes the influence of different slopes in combination with various depths of soil cover.

    The results enabled to realize the importance of soil configuration around the steel arch and its influence on the structural response. While the presence of surface slopes emphasizes the susceptibility of flexible culverts with low depths of soil cover, higher covers may help in reducing the effect of steep slopes. Sectional forces were found to increase with the increase of surface slopes. The study also highlighted recent research efforts on the topic and briefly discussed some design implications when building flexible culverts in sloping terrain.

  • 7.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ViaCon AB, Sweden .
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sweden AB - Major Projects, Sweden .
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Flexible culverts in sloping terrain: Numerical simulation of avalanche load effectsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ViaCon AB, Lidköping, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sweden AB - Major Projects, Solna, Sweden.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Flexible culverts in sloping terrain: Numerical simulation of avalanche load effects2016In: Cold Regions Science and Technology, ISSN 0165-232X, E-ISSN 1872-7441, Vol. 124, p. 95-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Avalanche protection concrete structures are expensive and their construction period is often influenced by the climatological conditions at site, which could result in prolonging the erection process and increase its associated costs. Given the short construction time of flexible culverts, such structures can be a cost-effective alternative to traditional protective measures. This article investigates the performance of flexible culverts - often referred to as soil-steel composite bridges (SSCB) - when constructed in sloping topography under avalanche loads. A number of 2D finite element models were created to simulate two case studies composed of a pipe arch and a high-profile arch. The models were generated to investigate the effect of soil cover depth, the avalanche proximity, and the change in soil support conditions around the conduit. The aim was to perceive and understand the changes in deformations and sectional forces under defined avalanche loads. The results enable to realise the effect of shallow soil covers in the pronounced change in bending moments due to avalanches. The proximity of avalanche deviation point has a great influence on the structural performance, though increasing the soil cover depth could considerably help in reducing the bending moments resulting from avalanches. It is also found that the downhill soil support configuration has a substantial effect on the flexural response of the structure.

  • 9.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ViaCon AB, Sweden .
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sweden AB - Major Projects, Sweden .
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Flexible culverts in sloping terrain: Numerical simulation of soil loading effects2015In: Engineering structures, ISSN 0141-0296, E-ISSN 1873-7323, Vol. 101, p. 111-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the performance of flexible culverts – often referred to as soil–steel composite bridges (SSCB) – when constructed in sloping topography. A number of 2D finite element models were created to simulate three case studies compromising two pipe arches and one high profile arch. The models were generated to investigate the effect of different surface slopes for different depths of soil cover. The aim was to understand and perceive the change of sectional forces in the structure with respect to slope increase under different soil covers. In addition, the effect of structure presence in the soil was also investigated in terms of soil stability. The results enable to realize the susceptibility of such structures to low heights of soil cover when built in sloping environment, which is seen in the incremental change in displacements and sectional forces, specially the bending moments. It is also found that the geometrical aspects of the profile shapes have more pronounced effect on their performance when introducing steeper slopes. The safety factor of soil stability is found to decrease when introducing such structures in the soil.

  • 10.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ViaCon Int AB, S-53102 Lidkoping, Sweden..
    Pettersson, Lars
    Skanska Sweden AB Major Projects, S-11274 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    On Predicting the Ultimate Capacity of a Large-Span Soil-Steel Composite Bridge2020In: International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, ISSN 2199-9260, Vol. 6, no 4, article id 48Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The limit state design of large-span soil-steel composite bridges (SSCB) entails that understanding their structural behaviour in the ultimate state is as much needed as their performance under service conditions. Apart from box culverts, the largest loading-to-failure test was done on a 6.3-m span culvert. More tests on larger spans are believed essentially valuable for the development of the design methods. This paper presents the numerical simulation efforts of an 18.1-m span SSCB pertaining to its ongoing preparations for a full-scale field test. The effect of the different loading positions on the ultimate capacity is investigated. Comparisons are made between three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) models. The results enabled to realise the important role of the soil load effects on the ultimate capacity. It is found that the failure load is reduced when the structure is loaded in an asymmetrical manner. A local effect is more pronounced for the live load when the tandem load is placed closer to the crown. The study also illustrates the complex correlation between 3D and 2D models, especially if one attempts to simultaneously associate sectional forces and displacements.

  • 11.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    On predicting the ultimate capacity of a large-span soil-steel composite bridgeManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Raid, Karoumi
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    FEM simulation of a full-scale loading-to-failure test of a corrugated steel culvert2018In: Steel and composite structures, ISSN 1229-9367, E-ISSN 1598-6233, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 217-227Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper utilizes 3D FEM to provide deeper insights about the structural behaviour of a 6.1 m span steel culvert, which was previously tested under extreme loading. The effect of different input parameters pertaining to the backfill soil has been investigated, where the structural response is compared to field measurements. The interface choice between the steel and soil materials was also studied. The results enabled to realize the major influence of the friction angle on the load effects. Moreover, the analyses showed some differences concerning the estimation of failure load, whereas reasons beyond this outcome were arguably presented and discussed.

1 - 12 of 12
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