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  • 1.
    Adhikari, Arindam
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface Chemistry.
    Claesson, Per M.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface Chemistry.
    Pani, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Corrosion Science.
    Deidinaitei, Andra
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface Chemistry.
    Blomberg, Eva
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface Chemistry.
    Electrochemical behavior and anticorrosion properties of modified polyaniline dispersed in polyvinylacetate coating on carbon steel2008In: Electrochimica Acta, ISSN 0013-4686, E-ISSN 1873-3859, Vol. 53, no 12, p. 4239-4247Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Conducting polyaniline (Pani) was prepared in the presence of methane sulfonic acid (MeSA) as dopant by chemical oxidative polymerization. The Pani-MeSA polymer was characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopy. The polyrner was dispersed in polyvinylacetate and coated oil carbon steel samples by a dipping method. The electrochemical behavior and anticorrosion properties of the coating, oil carbon steel in 3% NaCl were investigated using Open-circuit Potential (OCP) versus time of exposure, and electrochemical techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and cyclic voltammetry (CV). During initial exposure, the OCP dropped about 0.35 V and the interfacial resistance increased several times, indicating I certain reduction of the polymer and oxidation of the steel surface. Later the OCP shifted to the noble direction and remained at a stable value during the exposure up to 60 days. The EIS monitoring also revealed the initial change and later stabilization of the coating. The stable high OCP and low coating impedance Suggest that the conducting polymer maintains its oxidative state and provides corrosion protection for carbon steel through out the investigated period. The polarization curves and CV show that the conducting polymer coating induces a passive-like behavior and greatly reduces the corrosion of carbon steel.

  • 2.
    Alvarez-Asencio, Rubén
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Bettini, Eleonora
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Nanotribology and Microstructure of a CoCrMo Alloy: A TribologicalProperties Mapping StudyManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Alvarez-Asencio, Rubén
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Thormann, Esben
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Tribological Properties Mapping: Local Variation in Friction Coefficient and Adhesion2013In: Tribology letters, ISSN 1023-8883, E-ISSN 1573-2711, Vol. 50, no 3, p. 387-395Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tribological properties mapping is a new technique that extracts friction coefficient and adhesion maps obtained from lateral atomic force microscope (LAFM) images. By imaging the surface systematically as a function of load, a series of images can be tiled, and pixelwise fitted to a modified Amontons' Law to obtain friction coefficient and adhesion maps. This removes the ambiguity of friction contrast in LAFM imaging which can be a function of the load used for imaging. In ambient laboratory, air and tetradecane, a sample of Vancron(A (R))40, commercial powder metallurgical tool alloy containing nitrogen, have been scanned using a standard silicon cantilever in order to obtain tribological data. The tribological properties mapping provides unique information regarding the heterogeneous alloy microstructure as well as shedding light on the tribological behavior of the alloy.

  • 4.
    Alvarez-Asencio, Rubén
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Sabibi, Majid
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ejnermark, Sebastian
    Ekman, Lars
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Role of Microstructure on Pitting  Corrosion Initiation of an Experimental Tool Alloy: A Peak Force QNM Atomic Force Micrscopy StudyManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Anantha, Krishnan Hariramabadran
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Örnek, Cem
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ejnermark, S.
    Medvedeva, A.
    Sjöström, J.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    In situ AFM study of localized corrosion processes of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel: Effect of secondary hardening2017In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 164, no 13, p. C810-C818Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of secondary hardening of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel on the corrosion behavior in aqueous 0.01 M NaCl has been studied, in-situ, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to monitor real-time localized corrosion processes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the presence of undissolved and secondary carbides (Cr23C6, Cr7C3, Cr3C2, Cr3C, Cr2C, and CrC) as well as retained austenite, all finely dispersed in the tempered martensitic matrix. Electrochemical measurements, consisted of monitoring of the open-circuit potential vs. time and cyclic polarization in 0.01 M NaCl solution, were performed to evaluate the passivity and its breakdown, and it was seen that initiation sites for localized corrosion were predominantly peripheral sites of carbides. In-situ AFM measurements revealed that there was a sequence for localized corrosion in which the neighboring matrix next to secondary carbides dissolved first, followed by corrosive attack on regions adjacent to undissolved carbides. Tempering at 500◦C reduced the corrosion resistance and the ability to passivate in comparison to tempering at 250◦C.

  • 6.
    Anantha, Krishnan Hariramabadran
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Örnek, Cem
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ejnermark, Sebastian
    Medvedeva, Anna
    Sjöström, Johnny
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Correlative Microstructure Analysis and In Situ Corrosion Study of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel for Plastic Molding Applications2017In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 164, no 4, p. C85-C93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, the corrosion behavior of tempered AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel (MSS) was studied by in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) in 0.1M NaCl and correlated with the microstructure. Thermocalc simulation, dilatometry, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to investigate phase transformation which showed the formation of M3C, M7C3, and M23C6 type of carbides and also retained austenite. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and AFM characterization revealed undissolved carbides and tempering carbides in the martensitic matrix. Volta potential mapping measured by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicated higher electrochemical (practical) nobility of the carbides with respect to the martensitic matrix whereas regions adjacent to carbides showed lower nobilities due to chromium depletion. Open circuit potential and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed metastable corrosion activities associated with a weak passive behavior and a risk for localized corrosion along certain carbide boundaries. In-situ AFM measurements revealed selective dissolution of certain carbide interphases and martensitic inter-lath regions indicating higher propensity to localized corrosion.

  • 7.
    Anantha, Krishnan Hariramabadran
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Örnek, Cem
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ejnermark, Sebastian
    Uddeholms AB, Res & Dev, SE-68385 Hagfors, Sweden..
    Thuvander, Anders
    Uddeholms AB, Res & Dev, SE-68385 Hagfors, Sweden..
    Medvedeva, Anna
    Uddeholms AB, Res & Dev, SE-68385 Hagfors, Sweden..
    Sjostrom, Johnny
    Uddeholms AB, Res & Dev, SE-68385 Hagfors, Sweden..
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Experimental and modelling study of the effect of tempering on the susceptibility to environment-assisted cracking of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel2019In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 148, p. 83-93Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The resistance to environment-assisted cracking (EAC) of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel (MSS) was investigated in 0.3 M NaCl solution (room temperature) at constant loads for 30 days. The steel tempered at 250 degrees C was superior to the 500 degrees C-temper, which showed corrosion pits favouring cracking. The fracture surface showed faceted grains, cleavage, striations, and inter- and transgranular cracks, suggesting a mixed stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanism as the cause for EAC. Finite element modelling (FEM) indicated strain/stress localization at the mouth of deep pits and at the wall of shallow pits, displaying the favoured locations for pit-to-crack transition.

  • 8. Bertram, F.
    et al.
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Evertsson, J.
    Carla, F.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Messing, M. E.
    Mikkelsen, A.
    Nilsson, J-O
    Lundgren, E.
    In situ anodization of aluminum surfaces studied by x-ray reflectivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy2014In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 116, no 3, p. 034902-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present results from the anodization of an aluminum single crystal [Al(111)] and an aluminum alloy [Al 6060] studied by in situ x-ray reflectivity, in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ex situ scanning electron microscopy. For both samples, a linear increase of oxide film thickness with increasing anodization voltage was found. However, the slope is much higher in the single crystal case, and the break-up of the oxide film grown on the alloy occurs at a lower anodization potential than on the single crystal. The reasons for these observations are discussed as are the measured differences observed for x-ray reflectivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

  • 9.
    Bettini, Eleonora
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Eriksson, Tom
    Bostrom, Magnus
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Influence of metal carbides on dissolution behavior of biomedical CoCrMo alloy: SEM, TEM and AFM studies2011In: Electrochimica Acta, ISSN 0013-4686, E-ISSN 1873-3859, Vol. 56, no 25, p. 9413-9419Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of precipitate carbides on dissolution tendency and behavior of a biomedical CoCrMo alloy was investigated at microscopic scale. SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS and XRD were performed to characterize crystallographic structure and composition of different precipitate carbides. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscope (SKPFM) was used to evaluate relative nobility of the carbides. In addition to polarization curves, in situ electrochemical AFM (EC-AFM) measurements were performed to investigate the effect of the carbides on local dissolution processes. SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS and XRD characterizations showed non-uniform structure and composition of Cr and Mo carbides. SKPFM analysis suggested the carbide boundaries as preferential sites for corrosion/dissolution process. Cyclic polarization curves of the alloy in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution showed a large current density increase above a certain potential, but only a small hysteresis loop during reverse scan. No noticeable pitting corrosion was observed by SEM after the experiments. In situ AFM images of the sample in PBS showed a stable surface at potentials in the passive region and around the potential corresponding to the current increase and slight etching-like dissolution around the carbides at higher potentials. Carbide boundaries are preferential sites for metal dissolution and carbides with non-uniform composition might exhibit different dissolution rates.

  • 10.
    Bettini, Eleonora
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Kivisäkk, Ulf
    Sandvik Materials Technology.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Study of corrosion behavior of a 22% Cr duplex stainless steel: influence of nano-sized chromium nitrides and exposure temperature2013In: Electrochimica Acta, ISSN 0013-4686, E-ISSN 1873-3859, Vol. 113, p. 280-289Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chromium nitrides may precipitate in duplex stainless steels during processing and their influence on the corrosion behavior is of great importance for the steel performance. In this study, the influence of nano-sized quenched-in chromium nitrides on the corrosion behavior of a heat treated 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated at room temperature and 50 °C (just above critical pitting temperature). The microstructure was characterized by SEM/EDS and AFM analyses, and quenched-in nitrides precipitated in the ferrite phase were identified by TEM analysis. Volta potential mapping at room temperature suggests lower relative nobility of the ferrite matrix. Electrochemical polarization and in-situ AFM measurements in 1 M NaCl solution at room temperature show a passive behavior of the steel despite the presence of the quenched-in nitrides in the ferrite phase, and preferential dissolution of ferrite phase occurred only at transpassive conditions. At 50 °C, selective dissolution of the austenite phase was observed, while the ferrite phase with the quenched-in nitrides remained to be stable. It can be concluded that the finely dispersed quenched-in nitrides do not cause localized corrosion, whereas the exposure temperature has a strong influence on the corrosion behavior of the duplex stainless steel.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Paper 4
  • 11.
    Bettini, Eleonora
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Kivisäkk, Ulf
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Study of Corrosion Behavior of a 2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel: Influence of Quenched-in and Isothermal Nitrides2014In: International Journal of Electrochemical Science, E-ISSN 1452-3981, Vol. 9, no 1, p. 61-80Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Precipitation of different types of chromium nitrides may occur during processing of super duplex stainless steels, affecting the properties of the material. In this study the influence of quenched-in (size range ca. 50-100 nm) and isothermal (size range ca. 80-250 nm) types of nitrides on the corrosion behavior of a 2507 super duplex stainless steel has been investigated at room temperature and at 90 degrees C (above the critical pitting temperature) in 1 M NaCl solution. The microstructure has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy. The isothermal nitrides exhibit a higher Volta potential compared to the matrix, but such difference could not be observed for the quenched-in nitrides. In-situ electrochemical AFM measurements at room temperature show stable surfaces for a wide range of applied potentials despite the presence of either type of nitrides. In the transpassive region isothermal nitrides appear to be slightly more deleterious than quenched-in nitrides. At 90 degrees C isothermal nitrides largely reduce the corrosion resistance of the austenite phase, while the quenched-in nitrides reduce the corrosion resistance of the material to a much lesser extent. The size difference between isothermal and quenched-in chromium nitrides may be crucial, in particular above the critical pitting temperature.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Paper 5
  • 12.
    Bettini, Eleonora
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Lin, Changjian
    Liu, Ping
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Influence of Grain Boundaries on Dissolution Behavior of a Biomedical CoCrMo Alloy: In-Situ Electrochemical-Optical, AFM and SEM/TEM Studies2012In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 159, no 9, p. C422-C427Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, preferential sites for metal dissolution during anodic polarization were investigated for a biomedical CoCrMo alloy. As-cast and heat treated materials were compared through a combination of complementary techniques. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy mapping suggested the matrix areas adjacent to the carbides to be preferential sites for metal dissolution. By means of in situ electrochemical-optical microscopy it was observed that localized dissolution initiated from the matrix areas adjacent to carbides and grain boundaries in both materials at high anodic potential. By using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, submicron-sized carbides were found along the grain boundaries, and significant Cr depletion was detected across the grain boundaries for both materials, providing an explanation for the initiation of metal dissolution. A slightly higher metal dissolution was observed for the as-cast sample at high anodic potential, probably due to a more heterogeneous microstructure.

  • 13.
    Bettini, Eleonora
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Nature of current increase for a CoCrMo alloy: "transpassive" dissolution vs. water oxidation2013In: International Journal of Electrochemical Science, E-ISSN 1452-3981, Vol. 8, no 10, p. 11791-11804Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The “transpassive” behavior of a CoCrMo alloy has been investigated to clarify the nature of the current increase at high anodic potential (0.5-0.7 VAg/AgCl). The total amount of released metal ions was determined after the potentiostatic measurements. According to the calculation through Faradays’ law, the metal dissolution only contributes to part of the total current recorded. Electrochemical AFM mapping did not show pronounced topography changes at 0.65 VAg/AgCl, while light optical microscopy observation revealed fast evolution of oxygen bubbles. Evidently water oxidation is another important process largely contributing to the current increase at the high potential.

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    Paper 3
  • 14.
    Cao, Yanhui
    et al.
    Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China.;Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China..
    Zheng, Dajiang
    Xiamen Univ, Coll Mat, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China..
    Luo, Jingsong
    Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China.;Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China..
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Dong, Shigang
    Xiamen Univ, Coll Energy, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China.;Xiamen Univ, Sch Energy Res, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China..
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Lin, Changjian
    Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China.;Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China.;Xiamen Univ, Coll Energy, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China.;Xiamen Univ, Sch Energy Res, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, Peoples R China..
    Insight into the Fabrication of ZnAl Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with Organic Anions and Their Corrosion Protection of Steel Reinforced Concrete2019In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 166, no 16, p. C617-C623Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work provides insight into the fabrication of ZnAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated with organic phthalates (PTL) and their corrosion protection of steel reinforced concrete. The structure, composition and morphology of the LDH products prepared by various methods were systematically characterized to find out the relationship of preparation-structure-properties. The ZnAl-LDH-PTL prepared by co-precipitation method presented the best performance of corrosion protection due to its good crystallinity. The corrosion protection mechanism of LDH for steel in concrete system was also discussed.

  • 15.
    Cao, Yanhui
    et al.
    Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China.;Luoyang Ship Mat Res Inst, State Key Lab Marine Corros & Protect, Xiamen 361101, Peoples R China..
    Zheng, Dajiang
    Xiamen Univ, Coll Mat, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China..
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Lin, Changjian
    Xiamen Univ, Dept Chem, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China..
    Layered double hydroxide (LDH) for multi-functionalized corrosion protection of metals: A review2022In: Journal of Materials Science & Technology, ISSN 1005-0302, Vol. 102, p. 232-263Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been widely developed in the field of corrosion and protection in recent years based on its unique characteristics including anion capacity, anion exchange ability, structure memory effect, and barrier resistance. This paper comprehensively reviews recent work on the preparations, properties of LDH in the forms of powder and film and their applications in different environments in corrosion and protection. Some novel perspectives are also proposed at the end of the review for future research in corrosion and protection field.

  • 16.
    Chen, Chengdong
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Hou, Ruiqing
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Dong, Shigang
    Claesson, Per Martin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Lin, Changjian
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Heating-Induced Enhancement of Corrosion Protection of Carbon Steel by a Nanocomposite Film Containing Mussel Adhesive Protein2017In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 164, no 4, p. C188-C193Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Application of protective coatings on metals may involve a thermal treatment process. In this study, the effect of thermal treatment up to 200 degrees C on the corrosion protection was investigated for nanocomposite films composed of mussel adhesive protein (MAP), CeO2 nanoparticles and Na2HPO4 deposited on carbon steel. The morphology and microstructure of the pre-formed nanocomposite film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The changes in the chemical structure of the nanocomposite film due to the thermal treatment were investigated by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. The corrosion protection of the unheated and heated nanocomposite films on carbon steel was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and details of the corrosion process were elucidated by in-situ AFM measurements in 0.1 M NaCl solution. The results show a certain increase in the corrosion protection with time of the nanocomposite film for carbon steel. The analyses reveal that thermal treatment leads to a reduction of water molecules in the nanocomposite film, and an enhanced cross-linking and cohesion of the film due to oxidation of catechols to o-quinones. As a result, the film becomes more compact and gives improved corrosion protection for carbon steel.

  • 17.
    Chen, Chengdong
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Xiamen University, China.
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Lin, C.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Xiamen University, China.
    Corrosion protection and self-healing of a nanocomposite film of mussel adhesive protein and CeO2 nanoparticles on carbon steel2016In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 163, no 9, p. C545-C552Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A nanocomposite film composed of mussel adhesive protein (MAP) and CeO2 nanoparticles has been explored as a 'green' alternative for corrosion protection of carbon steel. In this work, the nanocomposite film of sub-micron thickness was deposited on carbon steel surface by one-step-dipping method. The film was characterized by using scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The measurements of scanning reference electrode technique and in-situ AFM were performed to investigate the initial localized corrosion process at defects and self-healing ability of the nanocomposite film. The results demonstrate that the nanocomposite film possesses a certain self-healing ability and provides excellent corrosion protection for carbon steel in neutral 0.1 M NaCl solution. The self-healing ability is attributed to the functional group (catechol) of the MAP, and the healing process is explained by the fact that Fe ions released from the surface defects promote the formation of Fe-catecholato complexes in the nanocomposite film, which retards the localized corrosion at these defects.

  • 18.
    Chen, Dihao
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst Adv Mat & Technol, Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Mat Genome Engn, Key Lab Corros & Protect MOE, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China..
    Dong, Chaofang
    Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Inst Adv Mat & Technol, Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Mat Genome Engn, Key Lab Corros & Protect MOE, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China..
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Engelhardt, George R.
    OLI Syst Inc, 2 Gatehall Dr, Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA..
    Macdonald, Digby D.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn & Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Development of the General Methodology for Determining the Point of Zero Charge of Oxide Films by Contact Angle Titration2023In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 170, no 8, article id 081504Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The point of zero charge (pH(pzc)) is one of the most important properties in determining the nature of the surface charge on oxide films in contact with aqueous solutions. Contact angle titration is a simple, rapid and direct surface titration approach to determine the pH(pzc) of oxide films, compared with mass titration, potentiometric titration and batch equilibration method. Although contact angle titration has been an effective method to estimate the pH(pzc) in the past, there are some limitations in previous methodologies for the correlation between the contact angle and the surface charge density, due to the consideration of only the negative charged OH- at surface or the absence of a vital part of solution potential for the electrochemical potential of H+ in electrolyte. Based on the work of many previous contributors, two general thermodynamic methods for determining the pHpzc of oxide films by contact angle titration are developed here. The methods provide precise, fundamental understandings of the variation of the contact angle with surface charge density, which is of great significance for interfacial science.

  • 19.
    Chen, Dihao
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
    Li, Menglin
    Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, Beijing 102211, China.
    Yue, Xiaoqi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ji, Yucheng
    Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
    Xu, Yongtao
    National Engineering & Technology Research Center for Non-Ferrous Metals Composites GRINM Group Corporation Limited, Beijing 101407, PR China.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Dong, Chaofang
    Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
    Correlation between pitting susceptibility and surface acidity, point of zero charge of passive film on aluminum: Influence of alloying elements2024In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 227, article id 111726Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The pitting potential, intrinsic surface acidity, point of zero charge of passive film on Al are studied using first-principles calculations to establish their relationships. Influences of alloying elements Zn, Cr, Nb, Si, Mo and Sc on adsorption of NH3 and NaCl, pHpzc of Al2O3 and pitting susceptibility of Al are investigated. The efficiency for enhancing pitting resistance of Al is evaluated, yielding the ratios Si: Zn: Cr: Mo: Nb: Sc = 1.8: − 0.3: 1: 1.9: 1.4: 0.2. A model for the dependence of pitting potential on the concentration of alloying elements in Al alloy matrix is developed, based on effects of alloying elements on the surface charge of passive film. The effects of Sc on pitting potential and pHpzc of Al oxide are predicted based on the calculated results, which are supported by electrochemical measurement, XPS analysis and contact angle titration.

  • 20.
    Chen, Sulin
    et al.
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China..
    Shen, Bin
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China..
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Hong, Hong
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China..
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Mussel-Inspired Graphene Film with Enhanced Durability as a Macroscale Solid Lubricant2019In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 11, no 34, p. 31386-31392Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Graphene has exhibited massive potential as a macroscale solid lubricant, but its durability is limited due to the weak adhesion between graphene sheets and the substrate. Here, inspired by mussel adhesive protein (MAP), effective reinforcement of the graphene-substrate interaction to attain remarkable enhancement on the durability of the graphene film is presented. The mussel-inspired graphene (mGr) film exhibits a coefficient of friction stabilizing at 0.16 up to 490000 sliding cycles in the friction testing against the silicon nitride ball; in the identical sliding condition, comparatively, the graphene (Gr) film without MAP only lasts 4300 sliding cycles. The analysis of Raman and ATR-FTIR demonstrates that, on the one hand, the MAP film firmly adsorbs onto the substrate via forming metal-catechol coordination bonds with metal atoms; on the other hand, it establishes strong interactions with graphene sheets by hydrogen bonding as well as the pi-pi overlap. As an interlayer, MAP retains graphene sheets within the contact interface in the form of a compact tribo-layer, which results in an over 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of durability for the mGr film. This strategy of improving the graphene-substrate adhesion via MAP offers an avenue for the development of effective and reliable graphene-based solid lubricants for engineering applications.

  • 21.
    Cheng, Jie
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. State Key Lab of Tribology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China; Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 10081, Bejing, China.
    Chen, S.
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Shen, B.
    Lu, X.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Corrosion- and wear-resistant composite film of graphene and mussel adhesive proteins on carbon steel2020In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 164, article id 108351Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new strategy was proposed to prepare a composite film using mussel adhesive protein Mefp-1 and graphene to achieve corrosion protection and surface lubrication on carbon steel. The dispersibility of graphene in Mefp-1 solution was firstly investigated and deposition methods of Mefp-1/graphene film were proposed. In-situ confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were utilized to study the corrosion inhibition effect in NaCl solution. Friction tests were conducted to study the tribological properties. Results show that the Mefp-1/graphene film exhibits strong adhesion to carbon steel, provides improved corrosion- and wear-resistance, and a significantly increased lubricity on carbon steel.

  • 22.
    Cheng, Jie
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. China Univ Min & Technol Beijing, Sch Mech Elect & Informat Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China..
    Mei, Nanxuan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. China Int Engn Consulting Corp, Beijing 100048, Peoples R China..
    Chen, Sulin
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China..
    Bai, Pengpeng
    Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Tribol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China..
    Shen, Bin
    Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China..
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Univ Sussex, Dept Engn & Design, Brighton BN19RH, E Sussex, England..
    Interactions in Composite Film Formation of Mefp-1/graphene on Carbon Steel2021In: Coatings, ISSN 2079-6412, Vol. 11, no 10, article id 1161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mefp-1 adhesive protein derived from marine blue mussels, together with the 2D material graphene, was used to build the green composite film with enhanced anti-corrosion property and mechanical strength. The corrosion inhibition of the composite film, formed by different methods, was evaluated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The non-degraded adhesion of the composite film to the carbon steel substrate was proved by nano-scratch tests. Infrared spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the film formation process and "three-body interactions " between Mefp-1, graphene and carbon steel surface. The results show that the Mefp-1 adsorbs on the carbon steel surface mainly through the covalent bond between catechols and Fe(III). Meanwhile, Mefp-1 can bond to non-adhesive graphene by forming hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interaction non-covalent bonds, which facilitate the formation of a robust Mefp-1/graphene composite film on the carbon steel surface.

  • 23.
    Cheng, Jie
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Tsinghua University, China.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Lu, X.
    Micro-galvanic corrosion of cu-ru couple in potassium periodate (KIO4) solution2015In: European Corrosion Congress, EUROCORR 2015, Austrian Society for Metallurgy and Materials (ASMET) , 2015, Vol. 3, p. 1829-1829Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Cheng, Jie
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Wang, Tongqing
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Lu, Xinchun
    Corrosion Investigations of Ruthenium in Potassium Periodate Solutions Relevant for Chemical Mechanical Polishing2016In: Journal of Electronic Materials, ISSN 0361-5235, E-ISSN 1543-186X, Vol. 45, no 8, p. 4067-4075Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ruthenium is the most promising material for the barrier layer used for the sub 14 nm technology node in integrated circuits manufacturing. Potassium periodate (KIO4)-based slurry is used in the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process of the barrier layer. However, the electrochemical and corrosion properties of ruthenium have not been investigated in such slurry. In this paper, the electrochemical and corrosion behaviors of ruthenium in KIO4 solutions were investigated under static conditions but at different pH values by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, combined with surface chemical analysis using auger electron spectroscopy. Moreover, to study wear enhanced corrosion during CMP, tribocorrosion experiments were carried out to monitor the current density changes during and after mechanical scratching. The results show that at pH 6, ruthenium forms a relatively thick and heterogeneous surface film composed of RuO2 center dot 2H(2)O/RuO3, showing a high corrosion resistance and it exhibits a quick repassivation after mechanical scratching. At pH 4, ruthenium shows a passivation behavior with formation of a uniform and conductive oxide like RuO2 center dot 2H(2)O. It should be noted that there is a possible formation of RuO4 toxic gas under this condition, which should be avoided in the actual production. However, at pH 11, ruthenium exhibits no considerable passivity and the corrosion proceeds uniformly.

  • 25.
    Cieslik, Monika
    et al.
    Jagiellonian University, Poland; Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Poland.
    Engvall, Klas
    Swerea KIMAB AB, Sweden.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Kotarba, Andrzej
    Jagiellonian University, Poland.
    Silane-parylene coating for improving corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316L implant material2011In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 53, no 1, p. 296-301Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The corrosion resistance of a two-layer polymer (silane + parylene) coating on implant stainless steel was investigated by microscopic observations and electrochemical measurements Long term exposure tests in Hanks solution revealed that the coating of 2 mu m can be successfully used for corrosion protection However the addition of H2O2 simulating the inflammatory response of human body environment causes a dramatic destruction of the protective coating Analysis of the experimental data in terms of circuit models enables proposing a deterioration mechanism OH radicals formed at the metal surface attack the polymer thus the deterioration starts from the metal/polymer interface and progress towards the outward surface.

  • 26. Cieślik, M.
    et al.
    Zimowski, Sławomir
    Golda, M.
    Engvall, Klas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rakowski, W.
    Kotarba, A.
    Engineering of bone fixation metal implants biointerface - Application of parylene C as versatile protective coating2012In: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems, ISSN 0928-4931, E-ISSN 1873-0191, Vol. 32, no 8, p. 2431-2435Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The tribological and protective properties of parylene C coatings (2-20 ÎŒm) on stainless steel 316L implant materials were investigated by means of electrochemical measurements and wear tests. The thickness and morphology of the CVD prepared coatings were characterized by scanning electron and laser confocal microscopy. The stability of the coatings was examined in contact with Hanks' solution and H 2O 2 (simulating the inflammatory response). It was concluded that silane-parylene C coating with the optimum thickness of 8 ÎŒm exhibits excellent wear resistance properties and limits the wear formation. The engineered versatile coating demonstrates sufficient elastomer properties, essential to sustain the implantation surgery strains and micromotions during long-term usage in the body.

  • 27. Cui, D.
    et al.
    Ranebo, Y.
    Low, J.
    Rondinella, V. V.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Spahiu, K.
    Immobilization of radionuclides on iron canister material at simulated near-field conditions2009In: Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXXII, Materials Research Society, 2009, p. 111-116Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work is a continuation of a long-term spent fuel leaching and radionuclides immobilization (by iron canister) experiment under simulated near-field conditions, in deoxygenated 2 mM NaHCO3 solution with 1 Gy/h γ irradiation. The corrosion of iron canister material was investigated by electrochemical and microanalytical methods. Significant amounts of radionuclides (U, Np, Tc, Sr) were found to be immobilized on the corrosion layer of iron canister material by using SEM-WDS and SIMS methods. The observation is useful for bettering our understanding of near-field chemical processes at earlier canister failure conditions.

  • 28. Cui, D.
    et al.
    Rondinella, V. V.
    Low, J.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Corrosion Science.
    Tamborini, G.
    Spahiu, K.
    On the behaviour of spent fuel under simulated early canister-failure conditions2006In: Proceedings of the 11th International High Level Radioactive Waste Management Conference, IHLRWM, 2006, p. 925-932Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reports on the results of a long term experiment on spent fuel leaching, canister corrosion and radionuclide immobilization under repository conditions corresponding to early canister failure. A γ-dose of 850 mGy per hour, and Ar-flushed synthetic groundwater were used. During the first 287 days, the fractions of inventory in aqueous phase per day (f/d) increased nearly constantly for each radionuclide (except for 100Mo), with higher fractions for fission products than for actinides. After this initial stage, iron, cast iron and copper coupons (of̃30 mm2 size) were inserted into the leaching vessel: the concentrations of 238U, 237Np and 99Tc decreased by 80%, 97% and 88% to relatively stable levels (500ppb, 0.2ppb and 0.6ppb respectively). 239Pu concentrations slightly increased to the level of PuO2 solubility (0.5ppb). The leaching process for Cs, Mo and 90Sr was not influenced by the added metals. The pH and Eh values and corrosion potential were measured. The polarization resistance (Rp) was obtained from fitting of electrochemical impedance spectra, and then corrected by the surface area of the sample. The corrosion current density Icorr was calculated according to the Stern-Gary relationship, and using the same Tafel constants (26 mV)for all samples, i.e., Icorr = 0.026/Rp. The momentary corrosion rates of iron, cast iron and copper (Cu/Cu+) calculated based on the Faraday's law are in reasonable agreement with the values estimated from observation of thickness of corrosion layers using SEM microscope. The copper coupon appeared much more stable against corrosion than the other coupons. The corrosion layer and radionuclides deposited on corrosion products on iron coupons were analyzed by SEM-EDS and SIMS. Si was found to be coordinated with all iron corrosion products; however, redox sensitive elements U and Pu were mainly coordinated with the inner layer of iron corrosion products even though some 1-2 μm sized uranium-silica rich particles were found on the outer side of the iron corrosion layer. The findings of this work contribute to an improved understanding of the behaviour of spent fuel under near field repository conditions.

  • 29. Davoodi, A
    et al.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Norgren, S.
    Integration of scanning electrochemical microscopy and atomic force microscopy for in-situ investigation of localized corrosion2005In: Proc. 16th International Corrosion Congress, Beijing, Sept. 19-24, 2005, 2005, p. 19-19Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 30. Davoodi, A.
    et al.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Parvizi, R.
    Norgren, S.
    An insight into the influence of morphological and compositional heterogeneity of an individual intermetallic particle on aluminium alloy corrosion initiation2013In: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion, ISSN 0947-5117, E-ISSN 1521-4176, Vol. 64, no 3, p. 195-198Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work, a multi-analytical in situ and ex situ approach was used to provide information needed to identify the role of an individual heterogeneous intermetallic particle (IMP) in localized corrosion initiation of aluminium alloys. The heterogeneity of the IMP was studied by combining atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEMEDS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). A complex AlMnFeSi IMP phase with different chemical composition in its inner and outer parts was characterized by SEMEDS analysis. AFM results uniquely revealed a brain-like feature of an IMP with 20nm height variations. Submicron sized galvanic cell induced by morphological and compositional heterogeneity resulted in a localized corrosion attack inside the individual IMP. Various collected current levels measured by SECM were associated to the morphological and compositional heterogeneity of IMPs.

  • 31.
    Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Farzadi, Ali
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Zhu, Y.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    AFM-based SECM for insitu investigation of localized corrosion: Part I: Instrumental set-up and SECM simulationIn: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 32.
    Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Farzadi, Ali
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Corrosion Science.
    Zhu, Y.
    Developing an AFM-Based SECM system; Instrumental setup, SECM simulation, characterization, and calibration2008In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 155, no 8, p. C474-C485Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An integrated atomic force microscopy/scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM/SECM) system was developed as an in situ local electrochemical probing technique. It consists of a dual-mode probe acting as an AFM cantilever and SECM microelectrode to simultaneously obtain the topography and electrochemical current map of the same area. Two types of probes with different geometries were used. The scan velocity and concentration profile of the redox mediator during the scan were simulated, using the equations of convection-diffusion mass transport coupled with continuity and momentum in three dimensions under steady-state and transient conditions. The temporal and spatial resolutions of the probes were investigated. It was found that, during a normal scan rate (around 1 Hz), the effect of convective transport is negligible and the SECM lateral resolution depends on the geometrical parameters. With favorable geometry, a probe with a Pt microelectrode of 1 mu m diameter can distinguish two active sites with a distance of at least 3-4 mu m. The paper also reports experiments for characterization and calibration of the AFM/SECM system. Concurrent AFM and SECM images obtained on a gold band calibration sample verify the high-resolution capability of the SECM of one or a few micrometers with optimized conditions.

  • 33.
    Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Farzadi, Ali
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Hu, R.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Zhu, Y.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Norgren, S.
    AFMbased SECM for in-situ investigation of localized corrosion: Part II: Characterization, calibration and verificationIn: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Norgren, S.
    Sapa Technology, Finspång.
    In-situ investigation of localized corrosion of aluminum alloys in chloride solution using integrated EC-AFM/SECM technique2005In: Electrochemical and solid-state letters, ISSN 1099-0062, E-ISSN 1944-8775, Vol. 8, no 6, p. B21-B24Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been integrated with electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), and applied for in situ studies of localized corrosion of Al alloys in NaCl solution. The instrument utilizes a dual mode probe, which functions both as a normal cantilever and as an ultramicroelectrode. The I-/I3- redox mediator was used for mapping of local electrochemical current. Concurrent topography and electrochemical activity maps have been obtained on the same surface area with micrometer lateral resolution. Preliminary results show ongoing localized dissolution related to intermetallic particles in the Al alloys, which may occur well below the breakdown potential.

  • 35.
    Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Norgren, S.
    Sapa Technology, Finspång.
    Integrated AFM and SECM for in situ studies of localized corrosion of Al alloys2007In: Electrochimica Acta, ISSN 0013-4686, E-ISSN 1873-3859, Vol. 52, no 27, p. 7697-7705Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rolled 3xxx series Al alloys, e.g., EN AW-3003, are generally used as fin or tube material in heat exchangers for automobiles. With reducing fin thickness, maintaining fin material integrity is of increasing importance. This study aimed at exploring the differences in intrinsic corrosion properties between EN AW-3003 and a newly developed Al–Mn–Si–Zr fin alloy using state-of-the-art local probing techniques. Volta potential mapping of both alloys by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) indicates a cathodic behaviour of constituent intermetallic particles (>0.5 μm) relative to the alloy matrix. Compared to EN AW-3003, the Al–Mn–Si–Zr alloy has a smaller number of particles with large Volta potential difference relative to the matrix. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements in slightly corrosive solutions showed extensive localized dissolution and deposition of corrosion products on EN AW-3003, and only a small number of corroding sites and “tunnel-like” pits on Al–Mn–Si–Zr. Probing the ongoing localized corrosion process by integrated AFM and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) revealed more extensive local electrochemical activity on EN AW-3003 than on Al–Mn–Si–Zr. In all, the lower corrosion activity and smaller tunnel-like pits resulted in lower material loss of the Al–Mn–Si–Zr alloy, a beneficial property when striving towards thinner fin material.

  • 36.
    Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Norgren, S.
    Sapa Technol, Finspång.
    Multianalytical and in situ studies of localized corrosion of EN AW-3003 alloy: influence of intermetallic particles2008In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 155, no 4, p. C138-146Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of intermetallic particles (IMPs) on the localized corrosion behavior of an EN AW-3003 alloy was investigated in situ by conventional electrochemical measurements and high-resolution local probing techniques in chloride solutions with and without acetic acid. The open-circuit potential (OCP) fluctuations indicate local activities on the surface, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements suggest active dissolution in acidic solutions but a passivelike behavior in near-neutral solutions. Integrated atomic force microscopy/scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM/SECM) was used to investigate the localized activities on the surface in a diluted chloride solution. The concurrent AFM and SECM images reveal cathodic activity of the IMPs and enhanced anodic current due to localized dissolution adjacent to some large IMPs upon anodic polarization. Moreover, in situ AFM imaging at OCP in solutions containing acetic acid show localized dissolution around the IMPs, leading to formation of deposits of ringlike corrosion products. The in situ observations reveal the microgalvanic effect of the IMPs, and the large IMPs are more prone to initiate localized corrosion compared to submicrometer dispersoids. Infrared absorption spectroscopy measurements after the exposure and thermodynamic calculations suggest the formation of mixtures of aluminum oxihydroxide and acetate on the surface in the presence of acetic acid.

  • 37.
    Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Norgren, S.
    Sapa Technology, Finspång.
    Probing of local dissolution of Al-alloys in chloride solutions by AFM and SECM2006In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 252, no 15, p. 5499-5503Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local dissolution of Al alloys was probed in situ in chloride solutions by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Preferential dissolution in the boundary region between some intermetallic particles (IMPs) and alloy matrix, and trench formation around large IMPs during free immersion and under electrochemical anodic polarization were observed, which indicate different dissolution behavior associated to different types of IMPs. Moreover, by using an integrated AFM/SECM system with a dual mode cantilever/microelectrode probe, simultaneous probing of electrochemical active sites and topographic changes over the same area was performed with submicron resolution. This allowed the ongoing localized corrosion processes related to the IMP to be revealed.

  • 38.
    Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Norgren, S.
    Sapa Technology, Finspång.
    The role of intermetallic particles in localized corrosion of an aluminum alloy studied by SKPFM and integrated AFM/SECM2008In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 155, no 5, p. C211-218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aluminum alloy EN AW-3003contains a certain amount of micrometer-sized constituent particles and alarge number of nanometer-sized dispersoids. The practical nobility of intermetallicparticles relative to an alloy matrix was evaluated ex situby scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), and localized corrosioninitiation of the alloy exposed to chloride solutions was studiedin situ by integrated atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanningelectrochemical microscopy (SECM). The SKPFM results show a higher Voltapotential for the constituent particles than the matrix, and alarger difference for larger particles. In some cases, the boundaryregion between the large constituents and the matrix exhibits aminimum Volta potential. In contrast, a small Volta potential differencewas measured for the particles less than 1  µm. The SECMmapping of the alloy surface in the solution provided evidenceof a cathodic action of some constituent particles and alocal anodic dissolution adjacent to them. Concurrent AFM and SECMimages indicate that only some of the constituents are proneto initiate localized corrosion. Moreover, in situ AFM observations confirmenhanced localized dissolution in the boundary regions, verifying the cathodiccharacter of the constituent particles and a microgalvanic effect onlocalized corrosion. The fine dispersoids of nanometer size seem tohave no effect on the corrosion initiation.

  • 39. Davoodi, Ali
    et al.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Parvizi, Reza
    Minuscule device for hydrogen generation/electrical energy collection system on aluminum alloy surface2011In: International journal of hydrogen energy, ISSN 0360-3199, E-ISSN 1879-3487, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 2855-2859Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cogeneration of hydrogen and electrical energy in a single system is still a challenging issue. In this work, in a micro scale, a novel miniaturized system is introduced to capture the electrical energy of produced hydrogen on aluminum alloy by using an ultra-microelectrode based on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Sophisticated nanosize atomic force microscopy (AFM) based SECM probe could collect the electrochemical current close proximity distance from the aluminum surface to attain the highest possible current efficiency. Various collected current levels were associated to the aluminum microstructure constituents. It is expected that future development in instrumentation could principally facilitate SECM as a tool for hydrogen economy.

  • 40. Ecco, L. G.
    et al.
    Li, Jing
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Fedel, M.
    Deflorian, F.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    EIS and in situ AFM study of barrier property and stability of waterborne and solventborne clear coats2014In: Progress in organic coatings, ISSN 0300-9440, E-ISSN 1873-331X, Vol. 77, no 3, p. 600-608Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Various processes can occur when paints are in contact with moisture, such as ingress of water and aggressive ions into the coating. As a consequence, the microstructure and properties of the paints can be affected. The present study combines electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the barrier property of waterborne and solventborne coatings on mild steel, paying particular attention to the occurrences in the first 24 h after contact between the coating surface and electrolyte. The sequential in situ AFM images revealed that changes on the order of hundreds of nanometres at the coating surface have occurred shortly after the exposure to the electrolytes. EIS observations for the clear waterborne alkyd coating revealed a rise in the |Z|0.015Hz and a decrease in the coating capacitance after a few hours of exposure. Evidences that water uptake caused swelling of the coating and promoted the closure/blockage of pores were given by means of in situ AFM. The solventborne alkyd emulsion has demonstrated lower reactivity to the presence of the electrolyte and a correlation between the coating resistance and defects/pores evolution is suggested.

  • 41.
    Eidhagen, Josefin
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. Alleima AB, Sandviken, Sweden.
    Larsson, Alfred
    Lund Univ, Div Synchrotron Radiat Res, Lund, Sweden.;Lund Univ, NanoLund, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Preobrajenski, Alexei
    MAX IV Lab, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Delblanc, Anna
    Alleima AB, Sandviken, Sweden..
    Lundgren, Edvin
    Lund Univ, Div Synchrotron Radiat Res, Lund, Sweden.;Lund Univ, NanoLund, Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden..
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Synchrotron XPS and Electrochemical Study of Aging Effect on Passive Film of Ni Alloys2023In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 170, no 2, p. 021506-, article id 021506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To investigate aging effect on the passive film of Ni23Cr15Mo and Ni22Cr9Mo3Nb, synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the structure and composition of the air-formed passive film on the alloys. The corrosion resistance of the two Ni alloys in 1 M NaCl solution was evaluated with electrochemical cyclic polarization measurement. The synchrotron XPS measurement provided detailed information about chemical states of alloying elements in the passive film, showing that the passive film consists of an inner oxide layer and an outer hydroxide layer. The XPS data allowed precise determination of the chemical composition and the thickness of the outer hydroxide layer, the inner oxide layer, and the underlying subsurface alloy layer. The Cr-oxide in the inner layer grows thicker with aging time, leading to Cr-depletion in the subsurface region. Mo and Nb in the alloy form mixed oxides and hydroxides, and aging in air leads to transformation of the lower valence oxides into higher valence oxides. The freshly formed oxide film exhibits similar barrier properties as the aged oxide film. The stability of the passive film formed on Ni22Cr9Mo3Nb seems to be better than that on Ni23Cr15Mo.

  • 42.
    Ejenstam, Lina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ovaskainen, Louise
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.
    Rodriguez-Meizoso, I.
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Swerin, Agne
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Claesson, Per Martin
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    The effect of superhydrophobic wetting state on corrosion protection - The AKD example2013In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 412, p. 56-64Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Corrosion is of considerable concern whenever metal is used as construction material. In this study we address whether superhydrophobic coatings could be used as part of an environmentally friendly corrosion-protective system, and specific focus is put on how the wetting regime of a superhydrophobic coating affects corrosion inhibition. Superhydrophobic alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) wax coatings were produced, using different methods resulting in hierarchical structures, where the coatings exhibit the same surface chemistry but different wetting regimes. Contact angle measurements, ESEM, confocal Raman microscopy, open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the surfaces. Remarkably high impedance values of 1010Ωcm2 (at 10-2Hz) were reached for the sample showing superhydrophobic lotus-like wetting. Simultaneous open circuit potential measurements suggest that the circuit is broken, most likely due to the formation of a thin air layer at the coating-water interface that inhibits ion transport from the electrolyte to the metal substrate. The remaining samples, showing superhydrophobic wetting in the rose state and hydrophobic Wenzel-like wetting, showed less promising corrosion-protective properties. Due to the absence of air films on these surfaces the coatings were penetrated by the electrolyte, which allowed the corrosion reaction to proceed.

  • 43.
    Ejenstam, Lina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden.
    Swerin, Agne
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Claesson, Per
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden.
    Corrosion protection by hydrophobic silica particle-polydimethylsiloxane composite coatings2015In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, no 99, p. 89-97Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the time-dependent corrosion protection ability of 10–15 µm thin polydimethylsiloxane -nanoparticle composite coatings was evaluated using mainly open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The best result was obtained for the coating containing 20 wt% hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, where it was possible to achieve protection for almost 80 days in 3 wt% NaCl solution. The protective properties offered by this coating are suggested to be due to a synergistic effect of the hydrophobicity of the polydimethylsiloxane matrix and the prolonged diffusion path caused by addition of hydrophobic silica particles.

  • 44.
    Ejenstam, Lina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden.
    Tuominen, Mikko
    Haapanen, Janne
    Mäkelä, Jyrki M.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Swerin, Agne
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden.
    Claesson, Per M.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science. SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden.
    Long-term corrosion protection by a thin nano-composite coating2015In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report and discuss the corrosion protective properties of a thin nano-composite coating system consisting of an 11 μm thick polyester acrylate (PEA) basecoat, covered by an approximately 1 - 2 μm thick layer of TiO2 nanoparticles carrying a 0.05 μm thick hexamethyl disiloxane (HMDSO) top coat. The corrosion protective properties were evaluated on carbon steel substrates immersed in 3 wt% NaCl solution by open circuit potential (OCP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The protective properties of each layer, and of each pair of layers, were also evaluated to gain further understanding of the long term protective properties offered by the nano-composite coating. The full coating system showed excellent corrosion protective properties in the corrosive environment of 3 wt% NaCl-solution for an extended period of 100 days, during which the coating impedance, at the lower frequency limit (0.01 Hz), remained above 108 Ωcm2. We suggest that the excellent corrosion protective properties of the complete coating system is due to a combination of i) good adhesion and stability of the PEA basecoat, ii) the surface roughness and the elongated diffusion path provided by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles, and iii) the low surface energy provided by the HMDSO top coat.

  • 45. Evertsson, J.
    et al.
    Bertram, F.
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rullik, L.
    Merte, L. R.
    Shipilin, M.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Vinogradov, N.
    Carla, F.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Mikkelsen, A.
    Nilsson, J. -O
    Lundgren, E.
    The thickness of native oxides on aluminum alloys and single crystals2015In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 349, p. 826-832Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present results from measurements of the native oxide film thickness on four different industrial aluminum alloys and three different aluminum single crystals. The thicknesses were determined using X-ray reflectivity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, atomic force microscopy was used for micro-structural studies of the oxide surfaces. The reflectivity measurements were performed in ultra-high vacuum, vacuum, ambient, nitrogen and liquid water conditions. The results obtained using X-ray reflectivity and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate good agreement. However, the oxide thicknesses determined from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show a larger discrepancy from the above two methods. In the present contribution the reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. We also address the effect of the substrate type and the presence of water on the resultant oxide thickness.

  • 46. Femenia, M.
    et al.
    Canalias, C.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy for characterization of duplex stainless steels2003In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 150, no 6, p. B274-B281Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, the Volta potential distribution over the surface of duplex stainless steels (DSSs) has been mapped for the first time with submicrometer resolution by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM). The different magnetic properties of ferrite and austenite enable the utilization of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) for visualizing their surface distribution without the need of surface etching. The combined MFM and SKPFM mapping of the same area makes it possible to associate the variation in the Volta potential to the phase distribution and phase boundaries. The difference in potential between the two phases is measurable and significant. Generally, the ferrite phase was associated to regions of lower potential, and the austenite phase to regions of more noble potential. This can be regarded as direct evidence of galvanic interactions between the two phases. The phase boundary regions often exhibited a lower potential in the ferrite phase, indicating a higher tendency to corrosion. The high lateral resolution of SKPFM provides the possibility of comparing these results with those obtained from other localized techniques, a necessary step for a deeper understanding of the local corrosion processes in DSSs.

  • 47. Femenia, M.
    et al.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    In situ local dissolution of duplex stainless steels in 1 M H2SO4+1 M NaCl by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy2002In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 149, no 6, p. B187-B197Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Local dissolution behavior of duplex stainless steel UNS S32304, UNS S31803, and UNS S32750 in 1 M H2SO4 + 1 M NaCl was studied in situ by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Submicrometer features could be resolved and events occurring at phase/grain boundary regions could be monitored in the solution. By STM imaging, severe local dissolution was observed on UNS S32304 in the form of both pitting-like dissolution occurring at the active potential region, and selective dissolution of ferrite phase that already started at the corrosion potential. On UNS S31803, no pitting-like corrosion was observed, but a small amount of selective dissolution occurred at anodic potentials in the active region. The phase boundary region seemed to be prone to local dissolution. No noticeable local dissolution was observed on UNS S32750 in this solution in active and passive potential regions. The results show that a sufficient amount of both Mo and N in duplex stainless steel resulted in more homogeneous dissolution of the two phases and strengthened phase boundaries, and thus decreased the risk for local dissolution.

  • 48. Femenia, M.
    et al.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Luukkonen, P.
    In situ study of selective dissolution of duplex stainless steel 2205 by electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy2001In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 43, no 10, p. 1939-1951Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Selective dissolution of duplex stainless steel 2205 in acidic chloride solutions was studied in situ by electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). In 0.05 M H2SO4 + 1 M NaCl, no appreciable active dissolution was observed by in situ STM imaging at the corrosion potential (E-corr), but at potentials higher than E-corr + 1000 mV some selective dissolution at the austenite-ferrite boundary region occurred. In 4 M H2SO4 + 1 M HCl, STM images revealed active dissolution of ferrite grains at around E-corr + 50 mV. Dissolution of austenite grains started to occur at around E-corr + 150 mV, exhibiting steps of submicron scale on the edges.

  • 49.
    Femenia, Marc
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Characterization of ferrite-austenite boundary region of duplex stainless steels by SAES2004In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 151, no 11, p. B581-B585Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scanning Auger electron spectroscopy (SAES) has been used to investigate the phase boundary region between ferrite and austenite in three duplex stainless steels. Of the elements investigated Cr and Mo are partitioned to the ferrite phase, while Ni and N are partitioned to the austenite phase. The composition gradient across the phase boundary occurs within a few micrometers. The results are in accordance with previous results of the same phase boundary region obtained with complementary techniques. They form evidence of galvanic interaction between the ferrite and austenite phases and suggest this to be the main cause of the higher initial dissolution rate of ferrite adjacent to the austenite phase. The addition of alloying elements improves corrosion resistance of both the ferrite and austenite phases, the weaker sites are comparatively more strengthened. In the highly alloyed duplex stainless steel, the alloying elements are also partitioned, but in such a way that the corrosion resistance of the two phases is very similar, which results in a homogeneous dissolution behavior.

  • 50.
    Femenia, Marc
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Corrosion Science.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Corrosion Science.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Corrosion Science.
    Corrosion Studies of Duplex Stainless Steels with Micrometer Resolution2004In: Journal of Corrosion Science & Engineering, E-ISSN 1466-8858, Vol. 6, p. paper 28-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The local corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel (DSS) is affected by a wide variety of factors. Localized corrosion of DSS frequently starts at micrometer scale inclusions or precipitates, which are often segregated in the austenite-ferrite boundary regions. Moreover, due to the partitioning of the key alloying elements of ferrite (Cr and Mo) and austenite (N and Ni), the local interactions between the phases must also be considered. The aim of this doctoral study was to increase the knowledge about the local dissolution behavior of DSS in acidic-chloride environments. The recent developments of new local probing techniques have opened a new frontier in corrosion science, providing valuable local information not accessible in the past. The local techniques used include electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), scanning probe force microscopy (SKPFM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), and scanning Auger electron Spectroscopy (SAES), all with micrometer or sub-micrometer resolution. With EC-STM, it was possible to monitor local dissolution processes on DSS in situ, and in real time. MFM was capable of imaging the phase distribution in DSS without the need of the traditional surface etching, while SKPFM revealed that the Volta potential difference between the two phases was measurable and significant. SAES showed that the composition gradient at the phase boundaries is narrower than 2 µm. Different types of DSSs have been studied, from low-alloyed DSS to superduplex. Higher contents of Cr, Mo and N strengthened both phases as well as the phase boundaries, resulting in phases having similar corrosion resistance that showed a more uniform dissolution behavior. However, the Volta potential difference between the phases proved to be of the same order for all the DSSs studied. Austenite was in general associated to regions displaying a more noble Volta potential than ferrite, resulting in a higher dissolution rate of the ferrite next to the austenite phase.

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