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  • 1.
    Assefa, Getachew
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Björklund, Anna
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Eriksson, Ola
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    ORWARE: an aid to Environmental Technology Chain Assessment2005In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 265-274Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article discusses the ORWARE tool, a model originally developed for environmental systems analysis of waste management systems, and shows its prospect as a tool for environmental technology chain assessment. Different concepts of technology assessment are presented to put ORWARE into context in the discussion that has been going for more than two decades since the establishment of the US Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). An even-handed assessment is important in different ways such as reproducibility, reliability, credibility, etc. Conventional technology assessment (TA) relied on the judgements and intuition of the assessors. A computer-based tool such as ORWARE provides a basis for transparency and a structured management of input and output data that cover ecological and economic parameters. This permits consistent and coherent technology assessments. Using quantitative analysis as in ORWARE makes comparison and addition of values across chain of technologies easier. We illustrate the application of the model in environmental technology chain assessment through a study of alternative technical systems linking waste management to vehicle fuel production and use. The principles of material and substance flow modelling, life cycle perspective, and graphical modelling featured in ORWARE offer a generic structure for environmentally focused TA of chains and networks of technical processes.

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  • 2.
    Assefa, Getachew
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    A systematic approach for addressing input data uncertainties in technology assessment of new technologies: the case of ORWAREManuscript (Other academic)
  • 3.
    Assefa, Getachew
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    A systematic approach for addressing input datauncertainties in technology assessment of new technologies: the case of ORWARE.In: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, ISSN 0948-3349, E-ISSN 1614-7502Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Assefa, Getachew
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Social Impact Assessment within Life Cycle Technology Assessment2004In: 4th SETAC World Congress, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Life cycle technology assessment provides a conceptual structure for different ecological, economic and social impact assessment (SIA) tools for acting together in determining the importance, size, or value of ecological, economic and social impacts of technology - doing and making things with materials and energy. In compatibly incorporating SIA with Material /Substance Flow Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing, different views of SIA are studied. An important difference between this exercise and conventional SIAs is that in the former case, there is no official plan or intention of implementing the technology in a specific time and place. This poses operational difficulty due to the poor knowledge about the community that will be affected by the technology in question. Besides, compatibility with LCA adds complexity associated with a requirement for the SIA to account for a number of communities associated with each portion of the life cycle. Thorough analysis of the opportunities and challenges involved led to the use of zooming analogy. Based on this analogy, in the absence of knowledge of detailed spatial and temporal coordinates of a specific community that will be affected by the technology, a reasonable level of zooming out is done. This enables identification and characterization of the most important social impact variables for the given technology in the zoomed out area ( e.g. say a country or region of a country). As an illustration, one variable from each of five categories of SIA variables will be used to characterize the social impacts of energy technologies in small municipalities in Sweden. These categories are population impacts; community and institutional arrangements; communities in transition; individual and family impacts; and community infrastructure needs. The knowledge from damage-based weighting of environmental impact categories using concepts such as Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) will be tested in characterizing the variables.

  • 5.
    Assefa, Getachew
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Social sustainability and social acceptance in technology assessment: a case study on energy technologies2007In: Technology in society, ISSN 0160-791X, E-ISSN 1879-3274, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 63-78Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper discusses an approach for assessing indicators for the social sustainability of technical systems developed within a Swedish technology assessment tool called ORWARE. Social sustainability is approached from the perspective of one of its ingredients, namely social acceptance. The research takes the form of a case study on energy technologies conducted in the municipality of Kil in west central Sweden. Three indicators—knowledge, perception, and fear associated with four chains of energy technologies—are assessed using a questionnaire.

    The questionnaire results indicate that respondents have such a low level of information and knowledge about new energy technologies that they are unable to discriminately rank them. This was found to hamper participation in discussions and decision making about technologies for which public funds would be spent.

    The importance of assessing social indicators by engaging members of society is discussed, and an assessment approach is developed. The need to present results together with ecological and economic indicators is emphasised in order to avoid suboptimization.

  • 6.
    Assefa, Getachew
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Technology Assessment: A framework for combination of tool2004In: 24th International Conference of IAIA - Impact Assessment for Industrial Development: Whose Business is it?, Vancouver, Canada: International Association of Impact Assessment , 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Assefa, Getachew
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Technology Assessment in the Journey to Sustainable Development2005In: Handbook of Sustainable Development Policy and Administration / [ed] Gedeon, M., Desta, M., Shamsul, M. H., Bosa Roca, USA: CRC Press Inc , 2005, illustrated edChapter in book (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Assefa, Getachew
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Glaumann, Mauritz
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Towards a Sustainability Assessment of Technologies: Integrating Tools and Concepts of Industrial Ecology2005In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of the International Society for Industrial Ecology, Stockholm, Sweden: Industrial Ecology, Royal Institute of Technology , 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Assefa, Getashew
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Eriksson, Ola
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Technology assessment of thermal treatment technologies using ORWARE2005In: Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN 0196-8904, E-ISSN 1879-2227, Vol. 46, no 5, p. 797-819Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A technology assessment of thermal treatment technologies for wastes was performed in the form of scenarios of chains of technologies. The Swedish assessment tool, ORWARE, was used for the assessment. The scenarios of chains of thermal technologies assessed were gasification with catalytic combustion, gasification with flame combustion, incineration and landfilling. The landfilling scenario was used as a reference for comparison. The technologies were assessed from ecological and economic points of view.

    The results are presented in terms of global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, consumption of primary energy carriers and welfare costs. From the simulations, gasification followed by catalytic combustion with energy recovery in a combined cycle appeared to be the most competitive technology from an ecological point of view. On the other hand, this alternative was more expensive than incineration. A sensitivity analysis was done regarding electricity prices to show which technology wins at what value of the unit price of electricity (SEK/kW h).

    Within this study, it was possible to make a comparison both between a combined cycle and a Rankine cycle (a system pair) and at the same time between flame combustion and catalytic combustion (a technology pair). To use gasification just as a treatment technology is not more appealing than incineration, but the possibility of combining gasification with a combined cycle is attractive in terms of electricity production.

    This research was done in connection with an empirical R&D work on both gasification of waste and catalytic combustion of the gasified waste at the Division of Chemical Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden.

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  • 10.
    Brick, Karolina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    A comparative study of two Swedish LCA-based tools for practical environmental evaluation of buildings2007In: Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, ISSN 1464-3332, E-ISSN 1757-5605, Vol. 9, no 3, p. 319-339Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Sweden, two LCA-based tools for the built environment have been developed the last years: the "Environmental Load Profile" and "EcoEffect". Both are standing in front of an implementation phase and it is therefore important that they may deliver credible and consistent results to end users and facilitate a transition to more environmentally benign building construction and administration. The present study looked at the differences in results that may appear when using the tools and where they come from. Applying the two tools for assessment of a new building on equal basis created differences in results. However, both tools pointed at energy use in the administration phase of the life cycle being the most significant factor for environmental impact, consistent with other studies. The results indicate that: (i) differences in material grouping and life expectancy for the construction materials used, (ii) differences in LCI-data used and (iii) different classification and characterisation models used, give rise to important differences.

  • 11.
    Brick, Karolina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Towards simplification of the Environmental Load ProfileManuscript (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Brick, Karolina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Svanberg, Cecilia
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Barriers and opportunities for increased use of LCA-based tools for the built environment: Stakeholder responses2008In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, ISSN 1088-1980, E-ISSN 1530-9290Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 13.
    Caruth, Crafton
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Cerin, Pontus
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Strandberg, Larsgöran
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Education for Sustainability: Challenges for Universities at the International Master Degree Level2006In: Science for Sustainable Development: Starting Points and Critical Reflections, Proceedings of the 1st VHU Conference. Västerås, Sweden. / [ed] Frostell, B, 2006Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 14. Dalemo, M.
    et al.
    Sonesson, U.
    Björklund, Anna
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Environmental Technology and Work Science.
    Mingarini, K.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Environmental Technology and Work Science.
    Frostell, Björn M
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Environmental Technology and Work Science.
    Jönsson, H.
    Nybrant, T.
    Sundqvist, J-O
    Thyselius, L.
    ORWARE – A simulation model for organic waste handling systems.: Part 1: Model description1997In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 21, no 1, p. 17-37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A simulation model, ORWARE (ORganic WAste REsearch), for the handling of organic waste in urban areas has been constructed. The model provides a comprehensive view of the environmental effects, plant nutrient utilisation and energy turnover for this large and complex system. The ORWARE model consists of several sub-models; sewage plant, incineration, landfill, compost, anaerobic digestion, truck transport, transport by sewers, residue transport and spreading of residues on arable land. The model is intended for simulating different scenarios, and the results are: emissions to air and water, energy turnover and the amount of residues returned to arable land. All results are presented, both as the gross figure for the entire system and figures for each process. Throughout the model all physical flows are described by the same variable vector, consisting of 43 substances. This extensive vector facilitates a thorough analysis of the results, but involves some difficulties in acquiring relevant data. In this paper, the model is described. Results from a hypothetical case study are presented in a companion paper.

  • 15.
    Eriksson, Ola
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Carlsson Reich, M.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Björklund, Anna
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Assefa, Getachew
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Sundqvist, J-O
    Granath, J
    Baky, A
    Thyselius, L
    Municipal Solid Waste Management from a Systems Perspective2005In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 241-252Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Different waste treatment options for municipal solid waste have been studied in a systems analysis. Different combinations of incineration, materials recycling of separated plastic and cardboard containers, and biological treatment (anaerobic digestion and composting) of biodegradable waste, were studied and compared to landfilling. The evaluation covered use of energy resources, environmental impact and financial and environmental costs. In the study, a calculation model ( ) based on methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA) was used. Case studies were performed in three Swedish municipalities: Uppsala, Stockholm, and Älvdalen.

    The study shows that reduced landfilling in favour of increased recycling of energy and materials lead to lower environmental impact, lower consumption of energy resources, and lower economic costs. Landfilling of energy-rich waste should be avoided as far as possible, partly because of the negative environmental impacts from landfilling, but mainly because of the low recovery of resources when landfilling.

    Differences between materials recycling, nutrient recycling and incineration are small but in general recycling of plastic is somewhat better than incineration and biological treatment somewhat worse.

    When planning waste management, it is important to know that the choice of waste treatment method affects processes outside the waste management system, such as generation of district heating, electricity, vehicle fuel, plastic, cardboard, and fertiliser.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 16.
    Eriksson, Ola
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Björklund, Anna
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Assefa, Getachew
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Sundqvist, Jan-Olov
    Swed. Environ. Res. Institute (IVL), Stockholm.
    Granath, J.
    Swed. Environ. Res. Institute (IVL), Stockholm.
    Carlsson, M.
    Department of Economy, Swed. Univ. for Agric. Sci. (SLU), Uppsala.
    Baky, A.
    Swed. Inst. of Agric./E. E. (JTI), Uppsala.
    Thyselius, L.
    Swed. Inst. of Agric./E. E. (JTI), Uppsala.
    ORWARE: a simulation tool for waste management2002In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 36, no 4, p. 287-307Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A simulation model, ORWARE (ORganic WAste REsearch) is described. The model is mainly used as a tool for researchers in environmental systems analysis of waste management. It is a computer-based model for calculation of substance flows, environmental impacts, and costs of waste management. The model covers, despite the name, both organic and inorganic fractions in municipal waste. The model consists of a number of separate submodels, which describes a process in a real waste management system. The submodels may be combined to design a complete waste management system. Based on principles from life cycle assessment the model also comprises compensatory processes for conventional production of e.g. electricity, district heating and fertiliser. The compensatory system is included in order to fulfil the functional units, i.e. benefits from the waste management that are kept constant in the evaluation of different scenarios. ORWARE generates data on emissions, which are aggregated into different environmental impact categories, e.g. the greenhouse effect, acidification and eutrophication. Throughout the model all physical flows are described by the same variable vector, consisting of up to 50 substances. The extensive vector facilitates a thorough analysis of the results, but involves some difficulties in acquiring relevant data. Scientists have used ORWARE for 8 years in different case studies for model testing and practical application in the society. The aims have e.g. been to evaluate waste management plans and to optimise energy recovery from waste.

  • 17.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Life cycle thinking for improved resource management: LCA or?2013In: Handbook of Sustainable Engineering, Springer Netherlands , 2013, p. 837-857Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become one of the most widely applied scientific and industrial methods for estimating environmental impacts of products and services. While the necessity to adopt a life cycle perspective as such was rather quickly accepted, the practical application of LCA has met considerable doubt and lagged behind. Strong contributing factors for this slow adaptation have been (i) a poor understanding of the LCA idea as such, (ii) a lack of useful tools for routine application of LCA, (iii) a lack of useful data and databases, (iv) poorly developed practices and processes for monitoring and data acquisition in industry and society in general, and (v) a general resistance to introduce a new concept. Now that these barriers gradually are being overcome, there is a need for some second and critical thoughts around the usefulness and practical applicability of LCA as a standard routine procedure in society. While doubtlessly having contributed to a revolution in systems thinking, the practical current application of LCA has several shortcomings: (i) There is a poor link between estimated emissions and (ia) the geographical location of them and (ib) the occurrence in time of them, (ii) an LCA rarely discusses the total emissions from a production site or service system since emissions are reported and discussed in relation to the functional unit, (iii) the methodology for LCA demands both categorization of material and energy flows into a large number of impact categories while in practice only a few are selected and sometimes in a rather arbitrary way, based more on the availability of data than based on relevance, (iv) the necessity to pull the assessment through the impact stage requires considerable extra skills and work by the assessing industry or agent, (v) when gradually more complex systems are being assessed, the system boundaries become more difficult to identify and the assessor faces the challenge to assess life cycles in different dimensions. The chapter describes the gradual development of life cycle thinking, LCA, and other life cycle thinking tools. It argues for a more differentiated application of life cycle thinking in practical tools in order to increase the practical usefulness of this important approach

  • 18.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Science for Sustainable Development - Starting Points and Critical Reflections: Proceedings of the the 1st VHU Conference on Science for Sustainable Development, Västerås, Sweden.2006Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Conference report Science for Sustainable Development - Starting Points and Critical Reflections is a compilation of articles presented at the conference of the same name in Västerås 2005th Alla artiklar har blivit granskade av andra forskare – sk peer-review-granskning. All articles have been reviewed by other scientists - peer-review scrutiny. Björn Frostell, KTH, tidigare ordförande för VHU, är bokens redaktör. Björn Frostell, KTH, former chairman of the VHU, is the book's editor. Rapporten innehåller 27 texter om olika perspektiv på hållbarhet, både från konferensens inledande tal (key notes) och från forskarnas egna publikationer. The report contains 27 texts of different perspectives on sustainability, both from the introductory speech (Key Note), and the researchers' own publications. Till exempel skriver Thomas Hahn en artikel där han diskuterar alternativa sätt att tolka ekonomisk effektivitet utan att göra avkall på aspekter som mänskliga rättigheter och ekologisk integritet. For example, Thomas Hahn writes an article where he discusses alternative ways to interpret the economic efficiency without compromising on issues like human rights and ecological integrity. David Kronlid skriver om miljörättvisa och användningen av hormoslyr på SJs banvallar. David Kronlid writes about environmental justice and use of hormoslyr on SJ embankments. Marie Larsson skriver om ”community gardening”, dvs gemensamma trädgårdar t.ex i städer, hållbarhet och och medborgardeltagande och Johan Törnblom och Per Angelstam gör en analys av hur svenska kommuner investerar i naturskydd. Marie Larsen writes about "community gardening", ie common gardens such as urban sustainability and public participation and and Johan Törnblom and Per Angelstam an analysis of how Swedish municipalities invest in conservation. Detta är bara några exempel! These are just some examples!

  • 19.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    The Future, Rest Products and Waste: How will waste management look like in 2020?2006Report (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Frostell, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Danielsson, ÅHagberg, LLinnér, LLisberg Jensen, E
    Science for Sustainable Development: The Social Challenge with Emphasis on the Conditions for Change2008Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Frostell, Björn M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Sinha, Rajib
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Assefa, Getachew
    Olsson, Lars E.
    Modeling both direct and indirect environmental load of purchase decisions: a web-based tool addressing household metabolism2015In: Environmental Modelling & Software, ISSN 1364-8152, E-ISSN 1873-6726, Vol. 71, p. 138-147Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Consumer awareness is continuously increasing towards pro-environmental behavior. Thus, we developed a web-based environmental feedback tool EcoRunner, which is designed for Swedish households aiming at increasing the awareness in a more pro-environmental direction. The conceptual model of EcoRunner has been developed based on top-down and bottom-up approaches connecting economic activities within a household to environmental pressures (both direct and indirect). In addition, the development of the tool includes a multi-level model aiming at better tailor-made advice to consumers. In this paper, we examine the EcoRunner tool with average single Swedish household expenditures as well as explore options for reductions and systems effects. Analysis shows that food and non-alcoholic beverages, fuel for personal transport (e.g. car) and air transports have significant environmental pressures. In addition, this study suggests that EcoRunner could be used in education systems as an environmental feedback tool to enlighten consumers motivation and change consumption patterns.

  • 22.
    Frostell, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Pomares Calero, M
    Flyhammar, P
    Assefa, G
    Modelling Solid Waste Management with ORWAR: A Case Study Systems Perspective for Managua, Nicaragua2006In: Solid Waste Management Modelling: The Study Case of Managua City, Nicaragua - A Systems Analysis Perspective, Lund University, Sweden , 2006Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Frostell, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Villatico, F.
    Alexandersson, S.
    Hultén, P.
    User Needs Analysis: Sub-Project Stockholm - Initial Market Inventory and Identification of HOST Services to Study - Results from Core Stakeholder Group Interviews2005Report (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Frostell, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Xingqiang, Song
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Water-Energy Efficiency: A Systems Perspective2014In: Peri-Urban Sanitation and Water Service Provision: Challenges and opportunities for developing countries / [ed] Jennifer McConville and Hans Bertil Wittgren, Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute , 2014, , p. 4p. 10-13Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    The Complete report
  • 25. Gonzalez, Alejandro D.
    et al.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Carlsson-Kanyama, Annika
    Protein efficiency per unit energy and per unit greenhouse gas emissions: Potential contribution of diet choices to climate change mitigation2011In: Food Policy, ISSN 0306-9192, E-ISSN 1873-5657, Vol. 36, no 5, p. 562-570Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The production, transport and processing of food products have significant environmental impacts, some of them related to climate change. This study examined the energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production and transport to a port in Sweden (wholesale point) of 84 common food items of animal and vegetable origin. Energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for food items produced in different countries and using various means of production were compared. The results confirmed that animal-based foods are associated with higher energy use and GHG emissions than plant-based foods, with the exception of vegetables produced in heated greenhouses. Analyses of the nutritional value of the foods to assess the amount of protein delivered to the wholesale point per unit energy used or GHG emitted (protein delivery efficiency) showed that the efficiency was much higher for plant-based foods than for animal-based. Remarkably, the efficiency of delivering plant-based protein increased as the amount of protein in the food increased, while the efficiency of delivering animal-based protein decreased. These results have implications for policies encouraging diets with lower environmental impacts for a growing world population.

  • 26. Hannerz, F.
    et al.
    Destouni, G.
    Cvetkovic, V.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Hultman, Bengt
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Land and Water Resources Engineering.
    A Flowchart for Sustainable Integrated Water Management Following the EU Water Framework Directive2005In: European Water Management Online, ISSN 1461-6971Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper proposes an operational flowchart for integrated water management in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), based on identified necessary components for efficiency, participation and legitimacy in environmental management decisions. The flowchart identifies general methodologies for answering these main questions and integrates thereby different types of water and environmental management tasks, including: 1) development of water management plans and action programs, as required by the WFD; 2) environmental evaluation of permit applications for various development projects; and 3) remediation decisions for contaminated land. For these tasks, the flowchart clarifies the same main questions that need to be answered, and the methodology to answer them by quantitative scientific analysis and negotiated agreements among stakeholders. The proposed flowchart also provides a general methodology for operational coordination and systematisation of scientific information and quantification needs and tools in sustainable integrated water management.

  • 27.
    Högström, Johan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Dahlberg, Johan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Ohlén-Carlsson, Ebba
    SWECO.
    Strandberg, Larsgöran
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Dags att modernisera stadsplaneringen2011Report (Other academic)
  • 28.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Wennersten, Ronald
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Radical systems, eco-innovation and the transition towards sustainability: industrial product design and cultural change2011Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Lazarevic, David
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Poulikidou, Sofia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Environmental Strategies.
    Montrucchio, Valeria
    Bistagnino, Luigi
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Causal loop diagrams to identify potential sources of environmental impacts outside the scope of LCA studies: case studies on washing machines and road vehiclesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 30.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Lazarevic, David
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Poulikidou, Sofia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Environmental Strategies Research (fms).
    Montrucchio, Valeria
    Polytechnic of Turin.
    Bistagnino, Luigi
    Polytechnic of Turin.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Group Model-Building to identify potential sources of environmental impacts outside the scope of LCA studies2014In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 72, p. 96-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Specific methodologies that consider a more comprehensive/diverse set of parameters must be explored by the LCA community. This study utilises the Group Model-Building (GMB) method to identify, and Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) technique to make explicit, variables which are not typically considered in LCA studies, but may have significant influence upon environmental impacts through cause-effect links and feedback loops in product systems. A literature review on LCAs concerning household washing machines and conventional passenger cars product systems is performed to investigate what are the commonly used functional unit, life cycle stages and system boundaries. Two parallel GMB sessions were organised to elicit relevant variables and relations in the product systems and build in a first version of CLDs. Individual interviews with the participants were undertaken to refine and validate the system models. Final versions of the system models were built. GMB and CLD can serve as a basis for (i) delimitating appropriated system boundaries for LCA and (ii) identifying variables/areas to be included in sensitivity and scenario analysis. Sensitivity and scenario analysis examine the influence that those variables/areas have on the environmental impacts of the product and describe both different contexts and profiles of users. GMB and CLD have the potential to bridge the divide between quantitative and qualitative variables, for more robust understanding of the causes and mechanisms of environmental impacts and improving conclusions and recommendations in LCA.

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    Author's Post-print
  • 31.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Lazarevic, David
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Poulikidou, Sofia
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Environmental Strategies.
    Montrucchio, Valeria
    Polytechnic of Turin, Architectural and Industrial Design Department.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Bistagnino, Luigi
    Polytechnic of Turin, Architectural and Industrial Design Department.
    Wennersten, Ronald
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Using causal maps to identify potential sources of environmental impact outside the scope of LCA studies: preliminary findings from case studies on washing machines and road vehicles2012In: Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference, University of Hull, Hull, UK, 24 – 26 June 2012, Hull, UK, 2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Much of the environmental impacts of which a product will potentially have during its life cycle  are  determined  during  the  design  phase  by  choices  such  as  type  of  materials  and manufacturing  processes.  The  Life  Cycle  Assessment  (LCA)  method  is  commonly  used  to assess  the  potential  environmental  impacts  and  identify  hot-spots  for  improvements  of  a product system. However, other important variables exist outside the product system that can also  influence  environmental  impacts.  The  aim  of  this  study  is  to  utilise  causal  maps  to identify variables which may not typically be identified and considered in LCA studies but may have significant influence upon environmental impacts through cause-effect chains. To illustrate the utility of causal maps, household washing machines and conventional passenger cars are chosen as case studies. Preliminary findings indicate that causal mapping can be used to  identify  which  are  the  relevant  variables  and  describe  how  they  potentially  interact  in  a system perspective. This knowledge might allow for more robust decision support.

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    Using causal maps to identify potential sources of environmental impact outside the scope of LCA studies: preliminary findings from case studies on washing machines and road vehicles
  • 32.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Liljenström, Carolina
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Chatzisideris, Marios
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Guhr, Adrian
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Diverse stakeholder perspectives of selected environmental systems analysis tools in environmental decision-making: the Swedish case of producing lignin powder for concrete productionArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development. KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Redwood, Michael
    Puig, Rita
    Frostell, Bjorn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Measuring the Environmental Footprint of Leather Processing Technologies2017In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, ISSN 1088-1980, E-ISSN 1530-9290, Vol. 21, no 5, p. 1180-1187Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The selection of materials and manufacturing processes often determines most of the environmental impact that a product will have during its life cycle. In directing consumption toward products with the least impact on the environment, measuring and comparing material alternatives with site-specific data is a fundamental prerequisite. Within the apparel and footwear industry, some famous brands have recently been basing their advertising on the claim that vegetable-tanned leather is more environmentally friendly than chromiumtanned leather. However, there is a lack of scientific research assessing and comparing vegetable-and chromium-tanned leather in a wider context than the toxicity of chromium. To fill this gap, this study measured and compared the carbon, water, and energy footprint of vegetable and chromium leather processing technology and intermediate processing stages in 12 selected tanneries in seven different countries worldwide. Each tannery proved to be very individual, and therefore attempting to perform this type of analysis without simply producing meaningless generalities is a challenge for companies, researchers, and regulators. The variability in results demonstrates that secondary data for the tanning phase should be utilized with caution in a decision-making context. The use of primary data would be advisable for life cycle assessment studies of leather goods. No significant differences were found in the footprint of vegetable and chromium leather processes, but these are only indicative findings and need confirmation in further studies. An important area needing investigation is then how a fair comparison can be made between renewable natural materials and nonrenewable materials used in both leather-processing technologies.

  • 34.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Redwood, Mike
    University of Northampton.
    Puig, Rita
    UPC Polytechnic University of Catalonia.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Measuring the environmental footprint of leather processing technologiesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The selection of materials and manufacturing processes determines most of the environmental impact that a product will have during its life cycle. In directing consumption towards products with the least impact on the environment, measuring and comparing material alternatives with site-specific data is a fundamental prerequisite. Within the apparel and footwear industry, some famous brands have recently been basing their advertising on the claim that vegetable-tanned leather is more environmentally friendlythan chromium-tanned leather. However, there is a lack of scientific research assessing and comparing vegetable-and chromium-tanned leather in a wider context than the toxicity of chromium. To fill this gap, this study measured and compared the carbon, water and energy footprint of vegetable and chromium leather processing technology and intermediate processing stages in 12 selected tanneries in seven different countries world-wide. Each tannery proved to be very individual and therefore attempting to perform this type of analysis without simply producing meaningless generalities is a challenge for companies, researchers and regulators. The variability in results demonstrates that secondary data for the tanning phase should be utilizedwith caution in a decision-making context. The use of primary data would be advisable for life cycle assessment(LCA) studies of leather goods. No significant differences were found in the footprint of vegetable and chromium leather processes, but these are only indicative findings and need confirmation in further studies. An important area needing investigation is then how a fair comparison can be made between renewable natural materials and non-renewable materials used in both leather processing technologies.

  • 35.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Singh, Jagdeep
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Sevaldson, Birger
    AHO The Oslo School of Architecture and Design.
    Wennersten, Ronald
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Towards a framework to work within broader systems boundaries in the process of product design2012Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Most of the environmental impacts of which a product will potentially have during its life cycle are determined during the design phase by choices such as type of materials and manufacturing processes. These definitions, in addition, strongly influence the rate of material or energy input per unit of the service offered by the product. Consequently, on the one hand, potential achievements in lowering energy or materials per-unit of service may be translated into lower consumer costs, encouraging increasing consumption. On the other hand, the way products are designed and offered can have large impact in resources use reduction and also influence user behaviour towards more sustainable practices. We believe that by working within broader systems boundaries, undesirable feedback loops arising in this large system could be addressed. This paper describes a novel conceptual framework named Sustainability Driven Systems-Oriented Design to identify the effects of which micro-level gains (e.g. increased material and energy efficiency) have on macro-level loss (e.g. over consumption). Moreover, a first version of an inference diagram of the industrial system is presented. The diagram graphically illustrates how chosen variables influence one another and interacts by means of feedback loops. The aim of using the conceptual framework and the inference diagram in the design process is to shift the traditional linear cause-effect thinking to feedback-loop thinking.

  • 36.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Singh, Jagdeep
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Sevaldson, Birger
    AHO The Oslo School of Architecture and Design.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Moving from incremental improvementsin efficiency to Systems-Oriented Design: A Systems Approach to Product DesignArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Singh, Jagdeep
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Sinha, Rajib
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Potting, Josepha
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Environmental Strategies Research (fms).
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Unintended environmental consequences of improvement actions: A qualitative analysis of systems' structure and behavior2015In: Systems research and behavioral science, ISSN 1092-7026, E-ISSN 1099-1743Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We qualitatively analysed how and why environmental improvement actions often lead to unintended environmental consequences. Different theories are integrated to delineate the underlying system structure causing this system behavior. Causal loop diagram technique is utilized to explore and visualize: how incremental improvements in material and energy efficiency can unintendedly cause consumption to increase; how this consumption rebound effect is linked to generation of waste and pollution; and how this can give rise to social and negative externalities, economic inequalities and other broad unintended consequences in our society. Consumption and incremental innovation are found to be the highest leverage points and reinforcing factors driving unintended environmental consequences in this complex system. The paper in addition explores two potential modes of behaviour dissimilar to those of unintended environmental consequences. These emerging modes of behaviour are product-service systems and environmental policy instruments. Their combination forms a prominent transition pathway from a production-consumption-dispose economy to a so-called circular economy.

  • 38.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Sinha, Rajib
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Singh, Jagdeep
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Some pervasive challenges to sustainability by design of electronic products: a conceptual discussion2015In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 108, Part A, p. 281-288Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sustainability should encompass responsibility for unintended environmental consequences of modern developments. This study examined some pervasive challenges to sustainability by design of electronic products, namely: (i) product and consumption redundancies; (i) embodied environmental and social impacts occurring distant in time and space from the point of consumption; and (iii) production and consumption dynamics. This analysis identified essential developments in certain areas that can assist design practice in preventing unintended environmental consequences. These were: (1) complementing life cycle assessment studies with analyses of unintended environmental consequences; and (2) exploiting the vital role of product design in fostering a circular economy. Indicators that provide information about (a) the increasing spatial and decreasing temporal separation of production, consumption and waste management, (b) constraints in raw materials supply and (c) marginal changes in money and time spent should be available to product designers and consumers. Furthermore, information technology, namely computer-aided design (CAD) tools, should be refined to assist product designers in designing for effective circularity and end-of-waste and limiting hibernation of resources in the use phase.

  • 39.
    Laurenti, Rafael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Sinha, Rajib
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Singh, Jagdeep
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Towards Addressing Unintended Environmental Consequences: A Planning Framework2015In: Sustainable Development, ISSN 0968-0802, E-ISSN 1099-1719, Vol. 24, no 1, p. 1-17Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Efforts to decouple environmental impacts and resource consumption have been confounded by interactions and feedback between technical-economic, environmental and social aspects not considered prior to implementing improvement actions. This paper presents a planning framework that connects material flows and the socio-economic drivers that result in changes in these flows, in order to reduce conflicts between localized gains and global losses. The framework emphasizes the need for (i) having different settings of system boundaries (broader and narrower), (ii) explicitly accounting for causal relationships and feedback loops and (iii) identifying responsibilities between stakeholders (e.g. producers, consumers, collectors, recyclers, policy makers). Application of the framework is exemplified using the case of the global mobile phone product system. 'Product design and development' and 'Retailers and users as part of a collection system' were identified as central intervention points for implementing improvement strategies that included designing for longer life, designing for recycling and improving collection, designing for limiting phone hibernation time and internalizing external costs.

  • 40.
    Liu, Hongling
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Zhou, Guanghong
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Wennersten, Ronald
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Analysis of sustainable urban development approaches in China2014In: Habitat International, ISSN 0197-3975, E-ISSN 1873-5428, Vol. 41, p. 24-32Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    China already has more numerous and larger cities than ever before. If the current trend holds, by 2025 it will have a predicted 1 billion of urban population and 8 megacities, each containing 10 million residents or more. China is facing enormous challenges when it comes to balancing rapid economic development with social development, sustainable use of resources and environmental protection in its fast-growing urban areas. Of the 10 most polluted cities in the world, 7 are in China. To meet these challenges, China has become a vast living laboratory for experiments on sustainable urban development. This paper reviews the use and development of city concepts and approaches regarding sustainable urban development in China. The large number of different concepts used appears to be partly due to institutional reasons and partly because they involve gradual changes in national policies. However, the data indicate that the concepts are generally becoming more comprehensive in relation to sustainable development, including social and heritage aspects. The most common barrier to the development of sustainable cities in China is still lack of clear visions, targets and indicators for sustainable development. More holistic approaches are needed for integrated urban planning, such as that used in Tangshan Bay Eco-city, a joint project between Sweden and China. This paper proposes the use of metabolic thinking and eco-cycle models derived from the discipline of Industrial Ecology to support urban planners in developing more sustainable and resource-efficient urban pathways. This will require closer cooperation between academics and practitioners and better monitoring of projects. Finally, it will be important to identify ways to scale up successful interventions in the urban area, rather than just moving from one innovative pilot project to the next.

  • 41. Norström, A.
    et al.
    Svedberg, B.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Hållbar materialförsörjning i Stockholms län: Slutrapport till Landstingets Miljöfond, Region- och Trafikplanekontoret i Stockholms län. Stockholm, Sweden, RTK: Stockholm.2008Report (Other academic)
  • 42. Pomares, M.
    et al.
    Flyhammar, P.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Assefa, Getachew
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    An Environmental Systems Analysis of the Solid Waste Management in Managua, Nicaragua2005In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of theInternational Society for Industrial Ecology, Stockholm, Sweden: Industrial Ecology, KTH , 2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Rader Olsson, Amy
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies. KTH Centrum för hållbart samhällsbyggande.
    Stoltz, David
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Håkansson, Maria
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment.
    Hult, Anna
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies.
    Lundqvist, Per
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Ekener, Elisabeth
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Yin, Ying
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Förstudie av det bilaterala svensk-kinesiska samarbetet kring ekostäder2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Sverige har under flera år haft ett samarbete med Kina angående utveckling av ekostäder. Ett flertal myndigheter, företag och forskare har medverkat i planeringen av två stadsutvecklingsprojekt i Kina – Tangshan Bay Eco-City och Wuxi Sino-Swedish Eco-City. Denna förstudie syftar till att skapa en ram för en eventuell utvärdering av samarbetet mellan svenska och kinesiska aktörer. Förstudien omfattar en inventering av tidigare forskning och andra relevanta rapporter, identifiering av nyckelaktörer och aktiviteter inom det svensk-kinesiska samarbetet samt intervjuer med representanter från medverkande företag och kontor. Resultatet av inventeringen och intervjuerna analyseras med hänsyn till befintlig forskning angående effektiva institutioner för planering och finansiering, tillämpning av innovativ energi-och miljöteknik, och planering som beaktar stadens metaboliska funktioner samt faktorer som påverkar socialt hållbarhet. Förstudien har genomförts av forskare vid KTH från institutionerna för Energiteknik, Samhällsplanering och miljö samt hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik under perioden oktober 2014-februari 2015.

  • 44. Ramirez, J. J.
    et al.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Environmental Technology and Work Science.
    Galindo, R.
    A systems approach evaluation of sludge management strategies: sludge management in Valparaiso and Aconcagua, Chile2002In: Water Science and Technology, ISSN 0273-1223, E-ISSN 1996-9732, Vol. 46, no 05-apr, p. 381-387Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the 5th Region, located in central Chile, infrastructure projects are being implemented in order to increase the capacity to treat and dispose of sewage. In order to analyse the sludge management alternatives the ORWARE model was used. The research project was divided in two stages: in the first stage, the sewage and sludge management strategies to be compared as well as the objectives were established. The management alternatives chosen were for chemical or biological treatment of sewage while for sludge the management alternatives were based on digestion, composting or lime stabilisation. The second stage included simulation and analysis of results. The main conclusions of the work were: if lowest possible emissions is the main objective of sewage treatment, biological treatment should be applied. Regarding pathogen reduction, both chemical precipitation and biological treatment attain an adequate reduction if the treated sewage is to be discharged to the sea. On the other hand, additional disinfection is needed in the case of discharge to rivers. Control at source should be stressed to avoid heavy metals and toxic organic compounds in the sludge.

  • 45.
    Ramirez Villegas, Ricardo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Sustainable Renovation and Operation of Family Houses for Improved Climate Efficiency2013In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference in Sustainability in Energy and Buildings (SEB´12) / [ed] Anne Hakansson, Mattias Höjer, Robert J. Howlett, Lakhmi C Jain, Berlin: Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2013, p. 107-117Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the developed world the existing stock of houses will provide shelter to the majority of population in the upcoming years. Houses are physical objects that consume material and energy and need to be maintained, repaired and restructured from time to time. In order to fulfill the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol and be comfortable for their inhabitants, the existing stock needs to be renovated. Strong disagreements between different parts of the scientific community and overlapping and contradictory concepts make the definition of sustainable renovation confusing. In this study, therefore, an approach of renovation and operation for higher energy efficiency and lower climate impact has been the main focus. Based on a systems analysis approach, the aim of this work is to evaluate cost and benefits of possible actions and choosing the most energy and cost effective approach of a series of alternatives. With the result of this analysis, a sustainable renovation and operation staircase is proposed. The work found that it is possible to develop a staircase manual for sustainable renovation and operation of family houses that follows a logical step-by-step approach and could result in considerable life cycle reductions in both costs and climate impact. The work also suggests that it is possible for academic experts to develop material in a simpler form and language to reach the public in a more understandable form.

  • 46.
    Ranhagen, Ulf
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment. KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology. KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Eco-cycle model 2.0. for Stockholm Royal Seaport City District: Feasibility study - final report2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Eco-Cycle Model 2.0. of Stockholm Royal Seaport

    Development of the Eco-Cycle Model 2.0. is one of a total of five sub-projects in the city of Stockholm which have been granted economic support from the Swedish Delegation of Sustainable Cities in order to contribute to making the Royal Seaport in Stockholm a world-class environmental profiling urban area. The purpose of this pre-study is to investigate the options for developing an eco-cycle model that grasps more dimensions than the Ham­marby Model, including overall and detailed descriptions of resource flows in different time perspectives. Important starting points for the pre-study are

    • Global and local challenges concerning our use of resources with specific relevance for urban development

    • Available models which visualise functions, resource flows and resource synergies in the eco-cycle in a qualitative way

    • Available accounts of material, energy and water which quantify functions and re­source flows

    In order to involve stakeholders in the development process, representatives from different organisations were invited to two workshops where ideas were developed and combined. These workshops are documented in two separate reports (in Swedish).

    The primary objective of the eco-cycle model is to contribute to drawing attention to and explaining important connections and synergies between resource flows. Secondary ob­jectives that can be fulfilled after supplementing the development work are: to be a tool for monitoring and follow-up of environmental objectives, to serve as a a dynamic tool for ana­lysis of resource flows and to be more comprehensive.

    The proposed eco-cycle model 2.0. is not only a general map of functions and flows re­lated to the eco-cycle which characterised the Hammarby Model, but also a line of argu­ments supported by illustrations on four different levels:

    • Level 0 Established theories and concepts for sustainable societal and urban deve­lopment constituting the basis of the eco-cycle model

    • Level 1 Anchoring of the eco-cycle model in a more comprehensive sustainability concept

    • Level 2 General Map of functions and flows related to the eco-cycle model inclu­ding optional systems solutions both within and outside the city district (outside the defined systems boundary). Conceptual future image for 2030 with a perspective towards 2050.

    • Level 3 Resource flow analysis related to accounting systems for energy, material and water eco-cycles. Conceptual future image for 2030 with a perspective towards 2050.

    This proposal for a conceptual eco-cycle model 2.0. should be considered as a basis for future R&D work and applications. The presented desirable situation for 2030 with a per­spective towards 2050, in line with the applied back-casting methodology, may be used as a basis for defining different stages in a short-term and mid-term perspective. A number of possible development projects which should be initiated as follow-up of the pre-study are defined. One example is the need for developing pedagogical descriptions and presenta­tions supported by visualisation and animation tools. The international perspective is also important, as there is an increasing interest in The Royal Seaport City District in a rapidly urbanising world where many cities are preparing for – or have already started –planning of city districts with high sustainability ambitions.

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  • 47.
    Ranhagen, Ulf
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment. KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology. KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Centres, Centre for Sustainable Communications, CESC.
    Kretsloppsmodell 2.0. för Norra Djurgårdsstaden: Förstudie - slutrapport2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Eco-Cycle Model 2.0. of Stockholm Royal Seaport

    Development of the Eco-Cycle Model 2.0. is one of a total of five sub-projects in the city of Stockholm which have been granted economic support from the Swedish Delegation of Sustainable Cities in order to contribute to making the Royal Seaport in Stockholm a world-class environmental profiling urban area. The purpose of this pre-study is to investigate the options for developing an eco-cycle model that grasps more dimensions than the Ham­marby Model, including overall and detailed descriptions of resource flows in different time perspectives. Important starting points for the pre-study are

    • Global and local challenges concerning our use of resources with specific relevance for urban development

    • Available models which visualise functions, resource flows and resource synergies in the eco-cycle in a qualitative way

    • Available accounts of material, energy and water which quantify functions and re­source flows

    In order to involve stakeholders in the development process, representatives from different organisations were invited to two workshops where ideas were developed and combined. These workshops are documented in two separate reports (in Swedish).

    The primary objective of the eco-cycle model is to contribute to drawing attention to and explaining important connections and synergies between resource flows. Secondary ob­jectives that can be fulfilled after supplementing the development work are: to be a tool for monitoring and follow-up of environmental objectives, to serve as a a dynamic tool for ana­lysis of resource flows and to be more comprehensive.

    The proposed eco-cycle model 2.0. is not only a general map of functions and flows re­lated to the eco-cycle which characterised the Hammarby Model, but also a line of argu­ments supported by illustrations on four different levels:

    • Level 0 Established theories and concepts for sustainable societal and urban deve­lopment constituting the basis of the eco-cycle model

    • Level 1 Anchoring of the eco-cycle model in a more comprehensive sustainability concept

    • Level 2 General Map of functions and flows related to the eco-cycle model inclu­ding optional systems solutions both within and outside the city district (outside the defined systems boundary). Conceptual future image for 2030 with a perspective towards 2050.

    • Level 3 Resource flow analysis related to accounting systems for energy, material and water eco-cycles. Conceptual future image for 2030 with a perspective towards 2050.

    This proposal for a conceptual eco-cycle model 2.0. should be considered as a basis for future R&D work and applications. The presented desirable situation for 2030 with a per­spective towards 2050, in line with the applied back-casting methodology, may be used as a basis for defining different stages in a short-term and mid-term perspective. A number of possible development projects which should be initiated as follow-up of the pre-study are defined. One example is the need for developing pedagogical descriptions and presenta­tions supported by visualisation and animation tools. The international perspective is also important, as there is an increasing interest in The Royal Seaport City District in a rapidly urbanising world where many cities are preparing for – or have already started –planning of city districts with high sustainability ambitions.

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  • 48.
    Robèrt, Markus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport and Economics.
    Hultén, Per
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport and Economics.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Biofuels in the energy transition beyond peak oil: A macroscopic study of energy demand in the Stockholm transport system 20302007In: Energy, ISSN 0360-5442, E-ISSN 1873-6785, Vol. 32, no 11, p. 2089-2098Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this study is to examine the potential for a full transition to domestically produced biofuels in the Stockholm County transport system in 2030, without exceeding the proportional share of national bioenergy assets. This target is chosen in order to test the potential of biofuel assets in Sweden, facilitating the transition to renewable fuel systems, and to display the potential of transport energy demand at macrolevel under tighter conditions on the energy market after fossil oil production has peaked. The distribution of bioenergy to the transport sector, including conversion losses and relationships to other energy sectors, is analysed explicitly. State-of-the-art traffic forecasting models, complemented with a specially designed energy quantification model, are applied to assess energy quantities needed at different vehicle efficiency levels and mobility patterns. The purpose is not to determine the most energy-efficient transport system possible, or to forecast the optimal distribution of bioenergy set aside for the transport sector in the future. Rather, we try to visualise, at a more conceptual level, energy demand as dependent on principle transport strategies, future technological developments and a type of planning that takes technological interlinkages between evolving components into strategic account. This work highlights the importance of implementing both demand and supply-side policies in order to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in all energy sectors before making assessments of reasonable distributions of bioenergy between energy sectors and other biomass usage.

  • 49.
    Singh, Jagdeep
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Industrial Ecology.
    From waste disposal to a global resource management paradigm: a conceptual discussionManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 50.
    Singh, Jagdeep
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Frostell, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Wennersten, Ronald
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Ecology.
    Waste management as a part of a broader systems approach to production and consumption2011In: Book of Proceedings of the 1st International Conference: WASTES: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities / [ed] Fernando Castro, Cândida Vilarinho & Joana Carvalho, Guimarães, Portugal: CVR – Centro para a valorização de Resíduos , 2011, p. 124-129Conference paper (Refereed)
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