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  • 1. Antoni, V.
    et al.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Cavazzana, R.
    Carbone, V.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Martines, E.
    Regnoli, G.
    Serianni, G.
    Spada, E.
    Spolaore, M.
    Vianello, N.
    Turbulence and anomalous transport in magnetized plasmas: Hints from the reversed field pinch configuration2004In: Contributions to Plasma Physics, ISSN 0863-1042, E-ISSN 1521-3986, Vol. 44, no 06-maj, p. 458-464Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The properties of plasma turbulence in the outer region of the Reversed Field Pinch experiments RFX and EXTRAP-T2R are reviewed. The statistical properties of fluctuations in the range of scales relevant for transport are presented. The observation of coherent structures emerging from the background turbulence and their interpretation in terms of vortices is reported. The interplay between these structures and the mean ExB flow of the plasma is demonstrated with emphasis to the action on the preferential rotation direction. The effect on the particle transport induced by the background turbulence and by the structures is discussed. Finally the methods tested to control turbulence and to mitigate the related transport are illustrated and discussed.

  • 2. Antoni, V.
    et al.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Serianni, G.
    Spolaore, M.
    Vianello, N.
    Cavazzana, R.
    Regnoli, G.
    Spada, E.
    Martines, E.
    Bagatin, M.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Anomalous particle transport and flow shear in the edge region of RFP's2003In: Journal of Nuclear Materials, ISSN 0022-3115, E-ISSN 1873-4820, Vol. 313, p. 972-975Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3. Antoni, V
    et al.
    Cavanazza, R
    Martines, E
    Serianni, G
    Spada, E
    Spolaore, M
    Vianello, N
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Brunsell, Per R
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Regnoli, G
    Turbulent transport and plasma flow in the reversed field pinch2004In: IAEA-CN-116, 2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 4. Antoni, V.
    et al.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Spada, E.
    Spolaore, M.
    Vianello, N.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Cavazzana, R.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Martines, E.
    Serianni, G.
    Coherent structures and anomalous transport in reversed field pinch plasmas2006In: Physica Scripta, ISSN 0031-8949, E-ISSN 1402-4896, Vol. T122, p. 1-7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The results leading to the identification of coherent structures emerging from the background turbulence in the edge region of the reversed field pinch experiments EXTRAP-T2R and RFX are reviewed. These structures have traits of vortices in velocity field and blobs in density, and the reconstruction of their spatial structure and of their time evolution is discussed focusing on the analysis tools applied. The role of these structures in the particle anomalous transport is addressed, showing that their collisions can contribute up to 50% the total particle losses. This process is shown to be responsible for bursts in particle flux and it is found to set a characteristic collision time, which is in agreement with the statistical properties of laminar times for particle flux bursts.

  • 5.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Rachlew, Elisabeth
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Metal impurity fluxes and plasma-surface interactions in EXTRAP T2R2008In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM CONGRESS/13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SURFACE SCIENCE/INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2008, Vol. 100Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The EXTRAP T2R is a large aspect ratio Reversed Field Pinch device. The main focus of interest for the experiments is the active feedback control of resistive wall modes [1]. With feedback it has been possible to prolong plasma discharges in T2R from about 20 ms to nearly 100 ms. In a series of experiments in T2R, in H- and D- plasmas with and without feedback, quantitative spectroscopy and passive collector probes have been used to study the flux of metal impurities. Time resolved spectroscopic measurements of Cr and Mo lines showed large metal release towards discharge termination without feedback. Discharge integrated fluxes of Cr, Fe, Ni and Mo were also measured with collector probes at wall position. Reasonable quantitative agreement was found between the spectroscopic and collector probe measurements. The roles of sputtering, thermal evaporation and arcing in impurity production are evaluated based on the composition of the measured impurity flux.

  • 6.
    Brunsell, Per
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Gravestijn, Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Hedqvist, Anders
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Malmberg, Jenny A.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Initial results from the rebuilt EXTRAP T2R RFP device2001In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, ISSN 0741-3335, E-ISSN 1361-6587, Vol. 43, no 11, p. 1457-1470Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The EXTRAP T2R thin shell reversed-field pinch (RFP) device has recently resumed operation after a major rebuild including the replacement of the graphite armour with molybdenum limiters, a fourfold increase of the shell time constant, and the replacement of the helical coil used for the toroidal field with a conventional solenoid-type coil. Wall-conditioning using hydrogen glow discharge cleaning was instrumental for successful RFP operation. Carbon was permanently removed from the walls during the first week of operation. The initial results from RFP operation with relatively low plasma currents in the range I-p = 70-100 kA are reported. RFP discharges are sustained for more than three shell times. Significant improvements in plasma parameters are observed, compared to operation before the rebuild. There is a substantial reduction in the carbon impurity level. The electron density behaviour is more shot-to-shot reproducible. The typical density is n(e) = 0.5-1 x 10(19) m(-3). Monitors of H-alpha line radiation indicate that the plasma wall interaction is more toroidally symmetric and that there is less transient gas release from the wall. The minimum loop voltage is in the range V-t = 28-35 V, corresponding to a reduction by a factor of two to three compared to the value before the rebuild.

  • 7.
    Brunsell, Per
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, K. Erik J.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Yadikin, D.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Kuldkepp, Mattias
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Rachlew, Elisabethth
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Resistive wall mode feedback control experiments in EXTRAP T2R2007In: 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2007, EPS 2007 - Europhysics Conference Abstracts, 2007, p. 544-547Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experiments in EXTRAP T2R on RWM stabilization using intelligent shell feedback with a P-controller showed that mode suppression improves with increasing gain up to the system stability limit. A PD-controller gives faster response and allows operation with higher gain. The PI-controller is useful for suppression of modes driven by external resonant field error. Best mode suppression was in the present study achieved with a PID-controller.

  • 8.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Kuldkepp, Mattias
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Hedqvist, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Yadikin, Dimitry
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Rachlew, Elisabeth
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Reversed field pinch operation with intelligent shell feedback control in EXTRAP T2R2006In: Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, E-ISSN 1741-4326, Vol. 46, no 11, p. 904-913Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Discharges in the thin shell reversed field pinch (RFP) device EXTRAP T2R without active feedback control are characterized by growth of non-resonant m = 1 unstable resistive wall modes (RWMs) in agreement with linear MHD theory. Resonant m = 1 tearing modes (TMs) exhibit initially fast rotation and the associated perturbed radial fields at the shell are small, but eventually TMs wall-lock and give rise to a growing radial field. The increase in the radial field at the wall due to growing RWMs and wall-locked TMs is correlated with an increase in the toroidal loop voltage, which leads to discharge termination after 3-4 wall times. An active magnetic feedback control system has been installed in EXTRAP T2R. A two-dimensional array of 128 active saddle coils (pair-connected into 64 independent m = 1 coils) is used with intelligent shell feedback control to suppress the m = 1 radial field at the shell. With feedback control, active stabilization of the full toroidal spectrum of 16 unstable m = 1 non-resonant RWMs is achieved, and TM wall locking is avoided. A three-fold extension of the pulse length, up to the power supply limit, is observed. Intelligent shell feedback control is able to maintain the plasma equilibrium for 10 wall times, with plasma confinement parameters sustained at values comparable to those obtained in thick shell devices of similar size.

  • 9. Brunsell, Per R.
    et al.
    Olofsson, K. E. J.
    Frassinetti, L.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Resistive wall mode feedback control in EXTRAP T2R with improved steady-state error and transient response2007In: Physics of Plasmas, ISSN 1070-664X, E-ISSN 1089-7674, Vol. 14, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 10.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Yadikin, Dmitriy
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Gregoratto, D.
    Bolzonella, T.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Luchetta, A.
    Malmberg, Jenny-Ann
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Manduchi, G.
    Marchiori, G.
    Liu, Y.
    Ortolani, S.
    Paccagnella, R.
    First results from intelligent shell experiments with partial coil coverage in the EXTRAP T2R reversed field pinch2004In: Europhysics Conf. Abstracts Vol 29C, 2004, p. P-5.190-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Brunsell, Per
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Yadikin, Dimitry
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Gregoratto, D.
    Paccagnella, R.
    Bolzonella, T.
    Cavinato, M.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Luchetta, A.
    Manduchi, G.
    Marchiori, G.
    Marrelli, L.
    Martin, P.
    Masiello, A.
    Milani, F.
    Ortolani, S.
    Spizzo, G.
    Zanca, P.
    Feedback Stabilization of Multiple Resistive Wall Modes2004In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 93, no 22, p. 225001-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Active feedback stabilization of multiple independent resistive wall modes is experimentally demonstrated in a reversed-field pinch plasma. A reproducible simultaneous suppression of several nonresonant resistive wall modes is achieved. Coupling of different modes due to the limited number of the feedback coils is observed in agreement with theory. The feedback stabilization of nonresonant RWMs also has an effect on tearing modes that are resonant in the central plasma, leading to a significant prolongation of the discharge pulse.

  • 12.
    Brunsell, Per
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Yadikin, Dmitriy
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Marchiori, Giuseppe
    Feedback stabilization of resistive wall modes in a reversed-field pinch2005In: Physics of Plasmas, ISSN 1070-664X, E-ISSN 1089-7674, Vol. 12, no 9, p. 092508-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An array of saddle coils having Nc =16 equally spaced positions along the toroidal direction has been installed for feedback control of resistive wall modes (RWMs) on the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch [P. R. Brunsell, H. Bergsaker, M. Cecconello, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 43, 1457 (2001)]. Using feedback, multiple nonresonant RWMs are simultaneously suppressed for three to four wall times. Feedback stabilization of RWMs results in a significant prolongation of the discharge duration. This is linked to a better sustainment of the plasma and tearing mode toroidal rotation with feedback. Due to the limited number of coils in the toroidal direction, pairs of modes with toroidal mode numbers n, n′ that fulfill the condition ∫n- n′ ∫ = Nc are coupled by the feedback action from the discrete coil array. With only one unstable mode in a pair of coupled modes, the suppression of the unstable mode is successful. If two modes are unstable in a coupled pair, two possibilities exist: partial suppression of both modes or, alternatively, complete stabilization of one target mode while the other is left unstable.

  • 13.
    Brunsell, Per
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Yadikin, Dmitriy
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Rachlew, Elisabeth
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics.
    Zanca, P.
    Active control of multiple resistive wall modes2005In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, ISSN 0741-3335, E-ISSN 1361-6587, Vol. 47, no 12 B, p. B25-B36Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

     A two-dimensional array of saddle coils at M-c poloidal and N-c toroidal positions is used on the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch (Brunsell P R et al 2001 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 43 1457) to study active control of resistive wall modes (RWMs). Spontaneous growth of several RWMs with poloidal mode number m = 1 and different toroidal mode number n is observed experimentally, in agreement with linear MHD modelling. The measured plasma response to a controlled coil field and the plasma response computed using the linear circular cylinder MHD model are in quantitive agreement. Feedback control introduces a linear coupling of modes with toroidal mode numbers n, n' that fulfil the condition vertical bar n - n'vertical bar = N-c. Pairs of coupled unstable RWMs are present in feedback experiments with an array of Mc x Nc = 4 x 16 coils. Using intelligent shell feedback, the coupled modes are generally not controlled even though the field is suppressed at the active coils. A better suppression of coupled modes may be achieved in the case of rotating modes by using the mode control feedback scheme with individually set complex gains. In feedback with a larger array of Mc x Nc = 4 x 32 coils, the coupling effect largely disappears, and with this array, the main internal RWMs n = -11, -10, +5, +6 are all simultaneously suppressed throughout the discharge (7-8 wall times). With feedback there is a two-fold extension of the pulse length, compared to discharges without feedback.

  • 14.
    Cecconello, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Yadikin, Dmitriy
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Rotation evolution of tearing modes during feedback stabilization of resistive wall modes in a reversed field pinch2005Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Cecconello, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Malmberg, Jenny A.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Spizzo, G.
    Chapman, B. E.
    Gravestjin, Robert M.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Franz, P.
    Piovesan, P.
    Martin, P.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Current profile modification experiments in EXTRAP T2R2004In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, ISSN 0741-3335, E-ISSN 1361-6587, Vol. 46, no 1, p. 145-161Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pulsed poloidal current drive (PPCD) experiments have been conducted in the resistive shell EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch experiment. During the current profile modification phase, the fluctuation level of the m = 1 internally resonant tearing modes decreases, and the velocity of these modes increases. The m = 0 modes are not affected during PPCD, although termination occurs with a burst in the m = 0 amplitude. The PPCD phase is characterized by an increase in the central electron temperature (up to 380 eV) and in the soft x-ray signal. Spectroscopic observations confirm an increase in the central electron temperature. During PPCD, the plasma poloidal beta increases to 14%, and the estimated energy confinement time doubles, reaching 380 mus. The reduction in the fluctuation level and the corresponding increase in the energy confinement time are qualitatively consistent with a reduction in parallel transport along stochastic magnetic field lines.

  • 16.
    Cecconello, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Malmberg, Jenny-Ann
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Nielsen, P
    Pasqualotto, R
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Study of the confinement properties in a reversed-field pinch with mode rotation and gas fuelling2002In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, ISSN 0741-3335, E-ISSN 1361-6587, Vol. 44, no 8, p. 1625-1638Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An extensive investigation of the global confinement properties in different operating scenarios in the rebuilt EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch (RFP) experiment is reported here. In particular, the role of a fast gas puff valve system, used to control plasma density, on confinement is studied. Without gas puffing, the electron density decays below 0.5 x 10(19) M-3. The poloidal beta varies between 5% and 15%, decreasing at large I/N. The energy confinement time ranges from 70 to 225 mus. With gas puffing, the density is sustained at n(e) approximate to 1.5 x 10(19) m(-3). However, a general slight deterioration of the plasma performances is observed for the same values of I/N: the plasma becomes cooler and more radiative. The poloidal beta is comparable to that in the scenarios without puff but the energy confinement time drops ranging from 60 to 130 mus. The fluctuation level and the energy confinement time have been found to scale with the Lundquist number as S-0.05+/-0.07 and S0.5+/-0.1, respectively. Mode rotation is typical for all the discharges and rotation velocity is observed to increase with increasing electron diamagnetic velocity.

  • 17.
    Cecconello, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Malmberg, Jenny-Ann
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Sallander, Eva
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Drake, Drake James
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Self-organisation and intermittent coherent oscillations in the EXTRAP T2 reversed field pinch2002In: Physica Scripta, ISSN 0031-8949, E-ISSN 1402-4896, Vol. 65, no 1, p. 69-75Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many reversed-field pinch (RFP) experiments exhibit a coherent oscillatory behaviour that is characteristic of discrete dynamo events and is associated with intermittent current profile self-organisation phenomena. However, in the vast majority of the discharges in the resistive shell RFP experiment EXTRAP T2, the dynamo activity does not show global, coherent oscillatory behaviour, The internally resonant tearing modes are phase-aligned and wall-locked resulting in a large localised magnetic perturbation. Equilibrium and plasma parameters have a level of high frequency fluctuations but the average values are quasi-steady. For some discharges, however, the equilibrium parameters exhibit the oscillatory behaviour characteristic of the discrete dynamo events. For these discharges, the trend observed in the tearing mode spectra, associated with the onset of the discrete relaxation event behaviour, is a relative higher amplitude of m = 0 mode activity and relative lower amplitude of the m = 1 mode activity compared with their average values. Global plasma parameters and model profile calculations for sample discharges representing the two types of relaxation dynamics are presented.

  • 18.
    Cecconello, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Malmberg, Jenny-Ann
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Spizzo, G
    Gravestijn, Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Franz, P
    Martin, P
    Chapman, B
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Current profile control experiments in EXTRAP T2RManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 19. De Temmerman, G.
    et al.
    Rubel, Marek J.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Coad, J. P.
    Pitts, R. A.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Mirror test for ITER: Optical characterisation of metal mirrors in divertor tokamaks2005In: 32nd EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2005, EPS 2005, Held with the 8th International Workshop on Fast Ignition of Fusion Targets: Europhysics Conference Abstracts, 2005, p. 586-589Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Drake, James R.
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Malmberg, Jenny A.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Experimental studies of MHD dynamics in a RFP magnetically confined plasma2004In: Contributions to Plasma Physics, ISSN 0863-1042, E-ISSN 1521-3986, Vol. 44, no 06-maj, p. 503-507Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studies of non-linear dynamics of MHD tearing modes in the EXTRAP reversed-field pinch experiments [1] have demonstrated such phenomena as mode rotation, phase-locking and wall locking.

  • 21.
    Drake, James Robert
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Bolzonella, T.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Baruzzo, T. M.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Guo, S. C.
    Igochine, V.
    Liu, Y. Q.
    Marchiori, G.
    Paccagnella, R.
    Rubinacci, G.
    Soppelsa, A.
    Villone, F.
    Yadikin, D.
    Martin, P.
    Zohm, H.
    Reversed-Field Pinch Contributions to Resistive Wall Mode Physics and Control2008Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Optimal feedback control of resistive-wall modes (RWM) is of common interest for toroidal fusionconcepts that use conducting walls for stabilization of ideal MHD modes. From the RWM control point of view,the RFP situation is in many respects similar to the advanced tokamak situation in the presence of very lowplasma rotation, where the most effective stabilizing mechanism is the feedback action of a set of active coils.Results from EXTRAP T2R (Sweden) and RFX-mod (Italy) RFP experiments have shown that full feedbackcontrol of multiple RWMs is possible and their deleterious effects can be completely suppressed. However it isnow important to optimize the RWM control systems both for the RFP and tokamak configuration for futureimplementation. Important aspects of optimization are effective mode identification and tracking capability,avoidance of the harmful effects of sideband modes (aliasing) in the control spectrum, minimized powerrequirements and robust controller stability. The paper describes collaborative work carried out on the two RFPexperiments. Controller models based on the mode harmonic control concept and on a state-space multipleinputmultiple-output intelligent shell concept are studied. Progress in development of optimal control schemesare presented both through experimental studies and simulations.

  • 22.
    Drake, James Robert
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Yadikin, Dmitriy
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Hedqvist, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Kuldkepp, Mattias
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Rachlew, Elisabeth
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Experiments on feedback control of multiple resistive wall modes comparing different active coil arrays and sensor types2006In: IAEA-F1-CN-149, 2006, p. Paper EX/P8-11-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Drake, James Robert
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Brunsell, Per R
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Yadikin, Dmitriy
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Malmberg, Jenny-A.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Gregoratto, D
    Paccagnella, R
    Bolzonella, T
    Manduchi, G
    Marrelli, L
    Ortolani, S
    Spizzo, G
    Zanca, P
    Bondeson, A
    Liu, Y Q
    Experimental and theoretical studies of active control of resistive wall mode growth in the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch2004In: IAEA-CN-116, 2004, p. Paper EX/P2-20-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 24.
    Drake, James Robert
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Yadikin, Dimitry
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Malmberg, Jenny
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Liu, Y.
    Experimental and theoretical studies of active control of resistive wall mode growth in the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch2005In: Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, E-ISSN 1741-4326, Vol. 45, no 7, p. 557-564Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Active feedback control of resistive wall modes (RWMs) has been demonstrated in the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch experiment. The control system includes a sensor consisting of an array of magnetic coils (measuring mode harmonics) and an actuator consisting of a saddle coil array (producing control harmonics). Closed-loop (feedback) experiments using a digital controller based on a real time Fourier transform of sensor data have been studied for cases where the feedback gain was constant and real for all harmonics (corresponding to an intelligent-shell) and cases where the feedback gain could be set for selected harmonics, with both real and complex values (targeted harmonics). The growth of the dominant RWMs can be reduced by feedback for both the intelligent-shell and targeted-harmonic control systems. Because the number of toroidal positions of the saddle coils in the array is half the number of the sensors, it is predicted and observed experimentally that the control harmonic spectrum has sidebands. Individual unstable harmonics can be controlled with real gains. However if there are two unstable mode harmonics coupled by the sideband effect, control is much less effective with real gains. According to the theory, complex gains give better results for (slowly) rotating RWMs, and experiments support this prediction. In addition, open loop experiments have been used to observe the effects of resonant field errors applied to unstable, marginally stable and robustly stable modes. The observed effects of field errors are consistent with the thin-wall model, where mode growth is proportional to the resonant field error amplitude and the wall penetration time for that mode harmonic.

  • 25.
    Frassinetti, L.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, S.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Spontaneous quasi single helicity regimes in EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch2007In: Physics of Plasmas, ISSN 1070-664X, E-ISSN 1089-7674, Vol. 14, no 11Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Khan, Muhammad Waqas Mehmood
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Active feedback control of QSH in EXTRAP-T2R2008Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 27.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Spontaneous QSH in the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch2007In: 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2007, EPS 2007 - Europhysics Conference Abstracts, 2007, p. 579-582Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Heat transport modelling in EXTRAP T2R2009In: Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, E-ISSN 1741-4326, Vol. 49, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A model to estimate the heat transport in the EXTRAP T2R reversed field pinch (RFP) is described. The model, based on experimental and theoretical results, divides the RFP electron heat diffusivity chi(e) into three regions, one in the plasma core, where chi(e) is assumed to be determined by the tearing modes, one located around the reversal radius, where chi(e) is assumed not dependent on the magnetic fluctuations and one in the extreme edge, where high chi(e) is assumed. The absolute values of the core and of the reversal chi(e) are determined by simulating the electron temperature and the soft x-ray and by comparing the simulated signals with the experimental ones. The model is used to estimate the heat diffusivity and the energy confinement time during the flat top of standard plasmas, of deep F plasmas and of plasmas obtained with the intelligent shell.

  • 29.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Experiments and modelling of active quasi-single helicity regime generation in a reversed field pinch2009In: Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, E-ISSN 1741-4326, Vol. 49, no 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interaction of a static resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) with a tearing mode (TM) is becoming a relevant topic in fusion plasma physics. RMPs can be generated by active coils and then used to affect the properties of TMs and of the corresponding magnetic islands. This paper shows how the feedback system of the EXTRAP T2R reversed field pinch (RFP) can produce a RMP that affects a rotating TM and stimulate the transition to the so-called quasi-single helicity (QSH) regime, a RFP plasma state characterized by a magnetic island surrounded by low magnetic chaos. The application of the RMP can increase the QSH probability up to 10% and enlarge the size of the corresponding island. Part of the experimental results are supported by a theoretical study that models the effect of the active coils on the magnetic island.

  • 30.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Heat transport in the quasi-single-helicity islands of EXTRAP T2R2009In: Physics of Plasmas, ISSN 1070-664X, E-ISSN 1089-7674, Vol. 16, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The heat transport inside the magnetic island generated in a quasi-single-helicity regime of a reversed-field pinch device is studied by using a numerical code that simulates the electron temperature and the soft x-ray emissivity. The heat diffusivity chi(e) inside the island is determined by matching the simulated signals with the experimental ones. Inside the island, chi(e) turns out to be from one to two orders of magnitude lower than the diffusivity in the surrounding plasma, where the magnetic field is stochastic. Furthermore, the heat transport properties inside the island are studied in correlation with the plasma current and with the amplitude of the magnetic fluctuations.

  • 31.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Fridström, Rickard
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Setiadi, Agung Chris
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    Volpe, Francesco
    Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
    Drake, James
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    A Technique for the Estimation of the Wall Diffusion Time2012In: 54th Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics, November 2012,  Providence, USA, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Feedback systems are important tools for an advanced control of the MHD instabilities in fusion plasmas, both for the suppression of undesired modes, such as RWMs, and for the generation of external perturbations for ELM suppression. A good knowledge of the diffusion time through the machine wall of each external harmonics is necessary for reaching optimal performances of the feedback algorithms.A correct theoretical estimation is not easy due the presence of three-dimensional mechanical structures in the devices, such as shell cuts and external conductive structures that need to be considered. Identification of differences in the vertical and horizontal diffusion time are not simple from a theoretical point of view.This work will present a relatively simple technique to experimentally estimate the diffusion time for each harmonic. The technique is based on the generation of rotating external magnetic perturbations in vacuum and on the quantification of the wall screening from the measured field inside the wall. The technique will be able to quantify possible differences among the horizontal and vertical diffusion time. In the final part of the work, the comparison with the results obtained with a closed-loop identification algorithm of the machine plant will be discussed.

  • 32.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Izzo, V.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Screening effect of plasma flow on resonant magnetic perturbations in EXTRAP T2R2012In: EPS Conf. Plasma Phys., EPS Int. Congr. Plasma Phys., 2012, p. 365-368Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 33.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Khan, Waqas
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    The effect of external control fields on tearing mode dynamics2011In: Proceedings of the 38th European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics, 2011, p. 1220-1223Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 34.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, K. Erik J.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Tearing mode velocity braking due to resonant magnetic perturbations2012In: Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, E-ISSN 1741-4326, Vol. 52, no 10, p. 103014-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) on the tearing mode (TM) velocity is studied in EXTRAP T2R. Experimental results show that the RMP produces TM braking until a new steady velocity or wall locking is reached. The braking is initially localized at the TM resonance and then spreads to the other TMs and to the rest of the plasma producing a global velocity reduction via the viscous torque. The process has been used to experimentally estimate the kinematic viscosity profile, in the range 2-40 m 2 s -1, and the electromagnetic torque produced by the RMP, which is strongly localized at the TM resonance. Experimental results are then compared with a theoretical model which gives a reasonable qualitative explanation of the entire process.

  • 35.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, E
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    Drake, J
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES).
    EXTRAP Coils and Tearing Mode Dynamics2011In: 16th Workshop on MHD stability control, November 20 - 22, 2011 San Diego, CA, USA, 2011Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Implementation of advanced feedback control algorithms for controlled resonant magnetic perturbation physics studies on EXTRAP T2R2011In: Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, E-ISSN 1741-4326, Vol. 51, no 6, p. 063018-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The EXTRAP T2R feedback system (active coils, sensor coils and controller) is used to study and develop new tools for advanced control of the MHD instabilities in fusion plasmas. New feedback algorithms developed in EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch allow flexible and independent control of each magnetic harmonic. Methods developed in control theory and applied to EXTRAP T2R allow a closed-loop identification of the machine plant and of the resistive wall modes growth rates. The plant identification is the starting point for the development of output-tracking algorithms which enable the generation of external magnetic perturbations. These algorithms will then be used to study the effect of a resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) on the tearing mode (TM) dynamics. It will be shown that the stationary RMP can induce oscillations in the amplitude and jumps in the phase of the rotating TM. It will be shown that the RMP strongly affects the magnetic island position.

  • 37.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Resonant magnetic perturbation effect on tearing mode dynamics2010In: Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, E-ISSN 1741-4326, Vol. 50, no 3, p. 035005-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of a resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) on the tearing mode (TM) dynamics is experimentally studied in the EXTRAP T2R device. EXTRAP T2R is equipped with a set of sensor coils and active coils connected by a digital controller allowing a feedback control of the magnetic instabilities. The recently upgraded feedback algorithm allows the suppression of all the error field harmonics but keeping a selected harmonic to the desired amplitude, therefore opening the possibility of a clear study of the RMP effect on the corresponding TM. The paper shows that the RMP produces two typical effects: (1) a weak oscillation in the TM amplitude and a modulation in the TM velocity or (2) a strong modulation in the TM amplitude and phase jumps. Moreover, the locking mechanism of a TM to a RMP is studied in detail. It is shown that before the locking, the TM dynamics is characterized by velocity modulation followed by phase jumps. Experimental results are reasonably explained by simulations obtained with a model.

  • 38.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Khan, Muhammad Waqas Mehmood
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Controlled Resonant Magnetic Perturbation Physics Studies on EXTRAP T2R2010In: Proc. 23 rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, IAEA , 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 39.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, K. Erik J.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Fridström, Richard
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Setiadi, Agung Chris
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Volpe, F. A.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    A method for the estimate of the wall diffusion for non-axisymmetric fields using rotating external fields2013In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, ISSN 0741-3335, E-ISSN 1361-6587, Vol. 55, no 8, p. 084001-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new method for the estimate of the wall diffusion time of non-axisymmetric fields is developed. The method based on rotating external fields and on the measurement of the wall frequency response is developed and tested in EXTRAP T2R. The method allows the experimental estimate of the wall diffusion time for each Fourier harmonic and the estimate of the wall diffusion toroidal asymmetries. The method intrinsically considers the effects of three-dimensional structures and of the shell gaps. Far from the gaps, experimental results are in good agreement with the diffusion time estimated with a simple cylindrical model that assumes a homogeneous wall. The method is also applied with non-standard configurations of the coil array, in order to mimic tokamak-relevant settings with a partial wall coverage and active coils of large toroidal extent. The comparison with the full coverage results shows good agreement if the effects of the relevant sidebands are considered.

  • 40.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, K. Erik. J.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Khan, Muhammad Waqas Mehmood
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Experimental Studies of the Plasma Response to Applied Nonaxisymmetric External Magnetic Perturbations in EXTRAP T2R2012In: 24th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, 2012, p. EX/P4-21-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Sun, Y.
    Fridström, Richard
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, K. E. J.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Khan, M. W. M.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Liang, Y.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Braking due to non-resonant magnetic perturbations and comparison with neoclassical toroidal viscosity torque in EXTRAP T2R2015In: Nuclear Fusion, ISSN 0029-5515, E-ISSN 1741-4326, Vol. 55, no 11, article id 112003Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The non-resonant magnetic perturbation (MP) braking is studied in the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch (RFP) and the experimental braking torque is compared with the torque expected by the neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) theory. The EXTRAP T2R active coils can apply magnetic perturbations with a single harmonic, either resonant or non-resonant. The non-resonant MP produces velocity braking with an experimental torque that affects a large part of the core region. The experimental torque is clearly related to the plasma displacement, consistent with a quadratic dependence as expected by the NTV theory. The work show a good qualitative agreement between the experimental torque in a RFP machine and NTV torque concerning both the torque density radial profile and the dependence on the non-resonant MP harmonic.

  • 42.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Sun, Y.
    Khan, Muhammad Waqas Mehmood
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, K. Erik J.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Flow braking due to non-resonant external perturbations in EXTRAP T2R and comparison   with neoclassical toroidal viscosity torque2012In: 39th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2012, EPS 2012 and the 16th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 2012, p. 1190-1193Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Sun, Y
    Khan, Muhammad Waqas Mehmood
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, K. Erik J.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Screening effect of plasma flow on RMPs in EXTRAP T2R2012In: 39th European Physical Society (EPS) Conference on Plasma Physics, 2012, p. P1.067-Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 44.
    Gravestijn, Robert
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Hedqvist, Anders
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Rachlew, Elisabeth
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Comparison of confinement in resistive-shell reversed-field pinch devices with two different magnetic shell penetration times2004In: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, ISSN 0741-3335, E-ISSN 1361-6587, Vol. 46, no 1, p. 11-22Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A loop voltage is required to sustain the reversed-field pinch (RFP) equilibrium. The configuration is characterized by redistribution of magnetic helicity but with the condition that the total helicity is maintained constant. The magnetic field shell penetration time, tau(s), has a critical role in the stability and performance of the RFP Confinement in the EXTRAP device has been studied with two values of tau(s), first (EXTRAP-T2) with tau(s), of the order of the typical relaxation cycle timescale and then (EXTRAP-T2R) with tau(s), much longer than the relaxation cycle timescale, but still much shorter than the pulse length. Plasma parameters show significant improvements in confinement in EXTRAP-T2R. The typical loop voltage required to sustain comparable electron poloidal beta values is a factor of 3 lower in the EXTRAP-T2R device. The improvement is attributed to reduced magnetic turbulence.

  • 45. Gregoratto, D.
    et al.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Yadikin, D.
    Liu, Y. Q.
    Paccagnella, R.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    Bolzonella, T.
    Marchiori, G.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Studies on the response of resistive-wall modes to applied magnetic perturbations in the EXTRAP T2R reversed field pinch2005In: Physics of Plasmas, ISSN 1070-664X, E-ISSN 1089-7674, Vol. 12, no 9Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 46. Hokin, S
    et al.
    Bergsåker, Henric
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Brzozowski, Jerzy
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Hedin, G
    Hedqvist, A
    Larsson, D
    Möller, A
    Sallander, Eva
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Sätherblom, Hans-Erik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Locked modes and plasma-wall interaction in a reversed-field pinch with aresistive shell and carbon first wall1999In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Fusion Energy, Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency , 1999Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 47.
    Khan, Muhammad Waqas Mehmood
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Brunsell, Per
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Frassinetti, Lorenzo
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Olofsson, Erik
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James Robert
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Braking of Plasma Rotation by Non-axisymmetric Magnetic Fields in EXTRAP T2R2011In: Proceedings of the 38th European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics, 2011, p. 841-844Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 48.
    Kuldkepp, Mattias
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Drake, James
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Centres, Alfvén Laboratory Centre for Space and Fusion Plasma Physics.
    Menmuir, Sheena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Rachlew, Elisabeth
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Method for measuring radial impurity emission profiles using correlations of line integrated signals2006In: Review of scientific instruments, ISSN 0034-6748, Vol. 77, no 4, p. 043508-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A method of determining radial impurity emission profiles is outlined. The method uses correlations between line integrated signals and is based on the assumption of cylindrically symmetric fluctuations. Measurements at the reversed field pinch EXTRAP T2R show that emission from impurities expected to be close to the edge is clearly different in raw as well as analyzed data to impurities expected to be more central. Best fitting of experimental data to simulated correlation coefficients yields emission profiles that are remarkably close to emission profiles determined using more conventional techniques. The radial extension of the fluctuations is small enough for the method to be used and bandpass filtered signals indicate that fluctuations below 10 kHz are cylindrically symmetric. The novel method is not sensitive to vessel window attenuation or wall reflections and can therefore complement the standard methods in the impurity emission reconstruction procedure.

  • 49. Linke, J.
    et al.
    Rubel, Marek J.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Malmberg, J. A.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Duwe, R.
    Penkalla, H. J.
    Rodig, M.
    Wessel, E.
    Carbon particles emission, brittle destruction and co-deposit formation: Experience from electron beam experiments and controlled fusion devices2001In: Physica scripta. T, ISSN 0281-1847, Vol. T91, p. 36-42Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Malmberg, Jenny A.
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Brzozowski, Jerzy H.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Brunsell, Per R.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Cecconello, Marco
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Drake, James R.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Mode- and plasma rotation in a resistive shell reversed-field pinch2004In: Physics of Plasmas, ISSN 1070-664X, E-ISSN 1089-7674, Vol. 11, no 2, p. 647-658Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mode rotation studies in a resistive shell reversed-field pinch, EXTRAP T2R [P. R. Brunsell , Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 43, 1 (2001)] are presented. The phase relations and nonlinear coupling of the resonant modes are characterized and compared with that expected from modeling based on the hypothesis that mode dynamics can be described by a quasi stationary force balance including electromagnetic and viscous forces. Both m=0 and m=1 resonant modes are studied. The m=1 modes have rotation velocities corresponding to the plasma flow velocity (20-60 km/s) in the core region. The rotation velocity decreases towards the end of the discharge, although the plasma flow velocity does not decrease. A rotating phase locked m=1 structure is observed with a velocity of about 60 km/s. The m=0 modes accelerate throughout the discharges and reach velocities as high as 150-250 km/s. The observed m=0 phase locking is consistent with theory for certain conditions, but there are several conditions when the dynamics are not described. This is not unexpected because the assumption of quasi stationarity for the mode spectra is not fulfilled for many conditions. Localized m=0 perturbations are formed in correlation with highly transient discrete dynamo events. These perturbations form at the location of the m=1 phase locked structure, but rotate with a different velocity as they spread out in the toroidal direction. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

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