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  • 1.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Claudi, Martin-Callizo
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Flow Patterns and Flow Pattern Maps for Microchannels2010In: 2010 3rd International Conference on Thermal Issues in Emerging Technologies, Theory and Applications - Proceedings, ThETA3 2010, 2010, p. 33-42Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dense packaging of electronic components generates very high heat fluxes and therefore results in challenges for proper thermal management of such components. Microchannel based evaporators with phase changing liquids are regarded as a promising solution for such high heat flux cooling applications. Due to confinement of flow and differences in the relative importance of governing phenomena, the two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of microchannels have been shown to be different from those of conventional sized channels. The fact that microchannel is an attractive cooling option but at the same time there is a clear lack of understanding of related hydrodynamic and thermal transport phenomena which provides an impetus for microchannel research. This paper presents the flow patterns and flow pattern maps obtained for an experimental study of R134a during flow boiling in a horizontal microchannel. The microchannel was a fused silica tube, the outer surface of which was coated with thin, transparent and electrically conductive layer of Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO). The microchannel was 781 m in internal diameter and 191 mm in heated length. Operating parameters during the experiments were: mass flux 100-400 kg/m2 s, heat flux 5-45 kW/m2, saturation temperature 25 and 30 °C. A High speed camera was used with a close up lens to capture the flow patterns evolved along the channel. Flow pattern maps are presented in terms of superficial gas and liquid velocity and in terms of Reynolds number and vapor quality plots. The results are compared with some flow pattern maps for conventional and micro scale channels available in literature.

  • 2.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    A Visualization Study During Flow Boiling of R134a In A Horizontal Microchannel2010In: ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels Collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, ICNMM2010, 2010, p. 85-94Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, the experimental flow boiling visualization results of a microchannel are presented and discussed. A series of visualization experiments have been conducted in a horizontal, circular, uniformly heated microchannel, to record the two-phase flow patterns evolved during the boiling process and to study the ebullition process. A high speed camera (REDLAKE HG50LE) with a maximum of 100000 fps together with tungsten lights was used to capture the images along the test section. Microchannel was made of circular fused silica tube having an internal diameter of 0.781 mm and a uniformly heated length of 191 mm. Outside of the test tube was coated with a thin, electrically conductive layer of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) for direct heating of the test section. Refrigerant R134a was used as working fluid and experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C. Mass flux was varied from 100 kg/m(2)s to 400 kg/m(2)s and heat flux ranged from 5 kW/m(2) to 45 kW/m(2). Visualization results show that the bubble growth is restricted by the tube diameter which results in very short existence of isolated bubbly flow regime except essentially restricted to a very short length of test tube. Flow patterns observed along the length were: Isolated bubble, elongated bubble, slug flow, semi annular and annular flow. Rigorous boiling and increased coalescence rates were observed with increase in heat flux. Bubble frequency was observed to increase with both heat and mass flux. A comparison with our previous flow boiling visualization studies, carried out for a test tube of 1.33 mm internal diameter, shows that the number of active nucleation sites is less while the bubble frequency is higher for the current study. Mean bubble length and bubble velocity during elongated bubble flow pattern have also been calculated from the images obtained during the tests.

  • 3.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Experimental Investigation of Two-phase Pressure Drop in a Microchannel2011In: Heat Transfer Engineering, ISSN 0145-7632, E-ISSN 1521-0537, Vol. 32, no 13/14, p. 1126-1138Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experimental results of two-phase pressure drop in a horizontal circular microchannel are reported in this paper. A test tube was made of fused silica having an internal diameter of 781 mu m with a total length of 261 mm and a heated length of 191 mm. The outer surface of the test tube was coated with an electrically conductive thin layer of ITO (indium tin oxide) for direct heating of the test section. Refrigerants R134a and R245fa were used as the working fluids, and mass flux during the experiments was varied between 100 and 650 kg/m(2)-s. Experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C for R134a and at three different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 30 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 40 degrees C for R245fa. Two-phase frictional pressure drop characteristics with variation of mass flux, vapor fraction, saturation temperature, and heat flux were explored in detail. Finally, the prediction capability of some well-known correlations available in the literature, some developed for macrochannels and others especially developed for microchannels, was assessed.

  • 4.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Minichannel up to Dryout Condition2011In: Journal of heat transfer, ISSN 0022-1481, E-ISSN 1528-8943, Vol. 133, no 8, p. 081501-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, the experimental flow boiling heat transfer results of a minichannel are presented. A series of experiments was conducted to measure the heat transfer coefficients in a minichannel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) having an internal diameter of 1.70 mm and a uniformly heated length of 220 mm. R134a was used as a working fluid, and experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 27 degrees C and 32 degrees C. Mass flux was varied from 50 kg/m(2) s to 600 kg/m(2) s, and heat flux ranged from 2 kW/m(2) to 156 kW/m(2). The test section was heated directly using a dc power supply. The direct heating of the channel ensured uniform heating, which was continued until dryout was reached. The experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with imposed wall heat flux, while mass flux and vapor quality have no considerable effect. Increasing the system pressure slightly enhances the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient is reduced as dryout is reached. It is observed that the dryout phenomenon is accompanied with fluctuations and a larger standard deviation in outer wall temperatures.

  • 5.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Minichannel up to Dryout Condition2010In: MNHMT2009, VOL 2, New York: AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS , 2010, p. 25-34Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper the experimental flow boiling heat transfer results of a minichannel are presented. A series of experiments was conducted to measure the heat transfer coefficients in a minichannel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) having an internal diameter of 1.7mm and a uniformly heated length of 220mm. R134a was used as working fluid and experiments were performed at two different system pressures corresponding to saturation temperatures of 27 degrees C and 32 degrees C. Mass flux was varied from 50 kg/m(2) s to 600 kg/m(2) s and heat flux ranged from 2kW/m(2) to 156 kW/m(2). The test section was heated directly using a DC power supply. The direct heating of the channel ensured uniform heating and heating was continued until dry out was reached. The experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with imposed wall heat flux while mass flux and vapour quality have no considerable effect. Increasing the system pressure slightly enhances the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient is reduced as dryout is reached. It is observed that dryout phenomenon is accompanied with fluctuations and a larger standard deviation in outer wall temperatures.

  • 6.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Of Refrigerants R134a And R245fa In A Horizontal Micro-Channel2012In: Experimental heat transfer, ISSN 0891-6152, E-ISSN 1521-0480, Vol. 25, no 3, p. 181-196Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Micro-channel-based evaporators are a promising option for high heat flux cooling applications. Micro-channels offer several advantages, including a smaller coolant inventory, superior heat transfer performance, compactness, lightness of weigh. Despite being attractive, the governing phenomena in micro-channels, especially during phase change, are less understood. This article reports the experimental flow boiling heat transfer results of refrigerants R134a and R245fa in a horizontal micro-channel. A series of experiments was conducted to measure the heat transfer coefficients in a circular micro-channel made of fused silica having an internal diameter of 781 mu m and a uniformly heated length of 191 mm. The outer surface of the test tube was coated with a thin, electrically conductive layer of indium-tin-oxide. The surface coating with the electrically conductive layer of indium-tin-oxide made it possible to visualize the flow boiling process simultaneously with uniform heating of the test section. R134a and R245fa were used as working fluids and experiments were performed at a system pressure of 7.7 bar for R134a and at 1.8 bar for R245fa, corresponding to saturation temperature of 30 degrees C. Mass flux was varied from 175 kg/m(2)s to 500 kg/m(2)s, and heat flux ranged from 5 kW/m(2) to 60 kW/m(2). A high-speed camera was used to capture the images in the case of flow boiling of R134a. The experimental results indicated that the heat transfer coefficient increased with heat flux while the mass flux proved to have a negligible effect on heat transfer coefficient.

  • 7.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Refrigerants R134a and R245fa in a Horizontal Microchannel2010In: Proceedings of 2nd European Conference on Microfluidics, 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 8.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Experimental investigation of two phase pressure drop in a microchannel2009In: Proceedings of 2nd Micro & Nano flows Conference, Academic Conferences Publishing, 2009Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Ali, Rashid
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Martin-Callizo, C.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Study of flow boiling characteristics of a microchannel using high speed visualization2013In: Journal of heat transfer, ISSN 0022-1481, E-ISSN 1528-8943, Vol. 135, no 8, p. 081501-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents the visualization results obtained for an experimental study of R134a during flow boiling in a horizontal microchannel. The microchannel used was a fused silica tube having an internal diameter of 781 lm, a heated length of 191mm, and was coated with a thin, transparent, and electrically conductive layer of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) on the outer surface. The operating parameters during the experiments were: mass flux 100-400 kg/m2 s, heat flux 5-45 kW/m2, saturation temperatures 25 and 30 °C, corresponding to saturation pressures of 6.65 bar and 7.70 bar and reduced pressures of 0.163 and 0.189, respectively. A high speed camera with a close up lens was used to capture the flow patterns that evolved along the channel. Flow pattern maps are presented in terms of the superficial gas and liquid velocity and in terms of the Reynolds number and vapor quality plots. The results are compared with some flow pattern maps for conventional and micro scale channels available in the literature. Rigorous boiling and increased coalescence rates were observed with an increase in the heat flux.

  • 10.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Ali, Rashid
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Two phase heat transfer of ammonia in a mini/micro channel2010In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels, 2010, ASME Press, 2010, p. 1639-1647Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experiments have been performed to investigate heat transfer in a circular vertical mini channel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) with internal diameter of 1.70 mm and a uniformly heated length of 245 mm using ammonia as working fluid. The experiments are conducted for a heat flux range of 15 to 350 kW/m(2) and mass flux range of 100 to 500 kg/m(2)s. The effects of heat flux, mass flux and vapour quality on the heat transfer coefficient are explored in detail. The experimental results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with imposed wall heat flux while mass flux and vapour quality have no considerable effect. Experimental results are compared to predictive methods available in the literature for boiling heat transfer. The correlations of Cooper et al. [1] and Shah [3] are in good agreement with our experimental data.

  • 11.
    Maqbool, Mohammad H.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Ali, Rashid
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Two-phase pressure drop of ammonia in a mini/micro-channel2010In: Proceedings of the  8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels, 2010, ASME Press, 2010, p. 1731-1739Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experiments have been performed to investigate two-phase pressure drop in a circular vertical mini-channel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) with internal diameter of 1.70 mm and a uniformly heated length of 245 mm using ammonia as working fluid. The experiments are conducted for heat flux range of 15 to 350 kW/m(2) and mass flux range of 100 to 500 kg/m(2)s. A uniform heat flux is applied to the test section by DC power supply. Two phase frictional pressure drop variation with mass flux, vapour quality and heat flux was determined. The experimental results are compared to predictive methods available in literature for frictional pressure drop. The Homogeneous model and the correlation of Muller Steinhagen et al. [14] are in good agreement with our experimental data with MAD of 27% and 26% respectively.

  • 12.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Flow boiling of ammonia and propane in mini channels2012Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The environmental concerns in recent times have grown especially after signing Montreal protocol. In the last ten years, researchers have focussed mainly on understanding the boiling and condensation phenomena of HFC refrigerants in minichannels. As global warming concerns are growing day by day, due to high global warming potential, HFCs are not the ultimate option. In the near future, HFCs will probably be replaced by environmentally friendly refrigerants. Therefore, to find the potential replacements of HFCs and also to get a deeper understanding of the boiling phenomena in minichannels, more and more fluids having low GWP (Global Warming Potential) and ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) should be tested. Recent efforts to protect the environment have led to a growing interest for natural refrigerants. However in the literature, flow boiling data of natural refrigerants in minichannels are scarce.

    To meet the environmental concerns and to understand the behaviour of natural refrigerants in minichannels and the performance compared to HFCs, flow boiling experiments in single circular vertical minichannels of internal diameters of 1.70 and 1.224 mm were performed using ammonia and propane as working fluids.

    Flow boiling heat transfer results of ammonia and propane with 1.70 mm channel showed that the heat transfer coefficient was a function of heat flux and the effect of mass flux was insignificant. The heat transfer coefficient of ammonia in 1.224 mm was dependent on heat flux at low vapour qualities then a clear dependence of the heat transfer coefficient on the mass flux was observed at higher vapour qualities. The heat transfer results of ammonia and propane were compared with well known correlations and among them Cooper (1989) correlation in case of ammonia and Liu and Winterton (1991) and Cooper (1984) pool boiling correlations in case of propane best predicted the experimental heat transfer data.

    Results of the two phase pressure drop studies of ammonia and propane showed that the two phase pressure drop increased with the increase of mass flux, with the increase of heat flux and with the decrease of saturation temperature. The comparison of the two phase pressure drop experimental data with well known predicting models showed that none of the correlations predicted the ammonia data well and that Müller Steinhagen and Heck (1986) was well in agreement with the propane data.

    Dryout of propane in 1.70 mm and 1.224 mm internal diameter channels was also investigated. Dryout heat flux was observed to increase with the increase of mass flux, with the decrease of vapour quality and with the increase of internal diameter. The effect of saturation temperature on the dryout heat flux was insignificant. The experimental dryout data were compared with macro and micro scale correlations and among them Bowring (1972) and Callizo et al. (2010a) gave best predictions.

    The heat transfer and pressure drop results of ammonia and propane and dryout results of propane were compared with R134a data taken on the same test rig by Owhaib (2007) and Ali (2010). The comparison of heat transfer showed that the heat transfer coefficient was a function of heat flux and the effect of mass flux was insignificant in all tested conditions except ammonia in 1.224 mm tube where the heat transfer coefficient was dependent on heat flux at lower vapour qualities and a clear dependence of mass flux was observed at higher vapour qualities. The heat transfer data of ammonia, propane and R134a were compared with correlations and among them Cooper (1989) correlation gave best predictions. The comparison of pressure drop results showed that the two phase pressure drop of all fluids was increased with the increase of mass flux, with the increase of heat flux and with the decrease of saturation temperature. At equal heat flux and mass flux, the two phase pressure drop of ammonia was increased with the decrease of internal diameter but the diametric effects of R134a were unclear. Müller Steinhagen and Heck (1986) and Zhang and Webb (2001) best predicted the experimental data of two phase pressure drop of ammonia, propane and R134a among the correlations considered for comparison. The dryout data of propane were also compared with dryout data of R134a and it was observed that the dryout heat flux of propane and R134a increased with the increase of mass flux, with the decrease of vapour quality and with the increase of internal diameter. The effect of saturation temperature on the dryout heat flux of propane and R134a was insignificant. The correlation of Bowring (1972) for conventional channels and the microscale correlation of Callizo et al. (2010a) were among the correlations which gave best predictions of experimental data of dryout.

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  • 13.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Boiling heat transfer of ammonia in vertical smooth mini channels: Experimental results and predictions2012In: International journal of thermal sciences, ISSN 1290-0729, E-ISSN 1778-4166, Vol. 54, p. 13-21Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, flow boiling heat transfer results of ammonia in mini channels are reported. Experiments have been performed to investigate heat transfer in circular vertical mini channels made of stainless steel (AISI 316) with internal diameters of 1.70 mm and 1.224 mm and a uniformly heated length of 245 mm. The test conditions are: mass flux ranging from 100 to 500 kg/m2s, heat flux ranging from 15 to 355 kW/m2 and saturation temperatures of 23 °C, 33 °C and 43 °C. The effects of mass flux, heat flux, vapour quality, saturation temperature and internal diameter on heat transfer coefficients are explored in detail. The local heat transfer coefficients of ammonia with 1.70 mm tube at all vapour qualities and at lower vapour qualities with 1.224 mm tube, are more or less independent of mass flux and vapour quality and are a function of heat flux while the local heat transfer coefficients with 1.224 mm tube at higher vapour qualities are function of mass flux and vapour quality and independent of heat flux. The heat transfer coefficient is observed to be higher for lower internal diameter tube. The heat transfer coefficient is higher for higher saturation temperature at lower vapour qualities and no effect of saturation temperature is observed at higher vapour qualities for both test sections. The experimental data is compared with well known correlations and among them, the Cooper’s [1] correlation gave best predictions if all data points are included.

  • 14.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Experimental investigation of dryout of propane in uniformly heated single vertical mini-channels2012In: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, ISSN 0894-1777, E-ISSN 1879-2286, Vol. 37, p. 121-129Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents dryout results of propane in single vertical circular minichannels made of stainless steel with internal diameters of 1.70 mm and 1.224 mm. The heat flux is increased in steps up to occurrence of dryout. The effects of different parameters such as mass flux, saturation temperature, vapour quality and internal diameter on the dryout are investigated. The results show that the dryout heat flux increases with the increase in mass velocity, with the decrease of vapour quality and with the increase of internal diameter. Almost no effect of saturation temperature on dryout heat flux is observed. Generalised CHF correlations developed for macro and micro scale from the literature are also compared with the experimental results.

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  • 15.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Flow boiling of ammonia in vertical small diameter tubes: Two phase frictional pressure drop results and assessment of prediction methods2012In: International journal of thermal sciences, ISSN 1290-0729, E-ISSN 1778-4166, Vol. 54, p. 1-12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Two phase pressure drops were measured for ammonia at a wide range of test conditions in two sizes of vertical mini channels. The test sections were made of stainless steel (AISI 316) tubes with internal diameter of 1.70 mm and 1.224 mm and a uniformly heated length of 245 mm. Experiments were conducted at three saturation temperatures of 23 °C, 33 °C and 43 °C, the heat flux ranging from 15 to 355 kW/m2 and the mass flux ranging from 100 to 500 kg/m2s. The effect of the heat flux, the mass flux, the vapour quality, the saturation temperature and the internal diameter on the two phase pressure drop are presented in this article. Some generalized two phase pressure drop correlations suggested for macro and micro scale channels are examined by comparing them with our experimental data. None of the examined correlations agreed well with the test data. A new correlation (modified form of Tran et al. correlation) is proposed which is able to predict the experimental data with MAD of 16% and 86% of the data is within ±30% range.

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  • 16.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Investigation of two phase heat transfer and pressure drop of propane in a vertical circular minichannel2013In: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, ISSN 0894-1777, E-ISSN 1879-2286, Vol. 46, p. 120-130Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article reports the flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop results of propane in a vertical circular stainless steel minichannel having an internal diameter of 1.70 mm and a heated length of 245 mm. Two phase heat transfer and pressure drop experiments have been performed at saturation temperatures of 23, 33 and 43 degrees C. Heat flux is varied from 5 to 280 kW/m(2) and mass flux is varied from 100 to 500 kg/m(2) s. The results show that the two phase frictional pressure drops, as expected, are increased with the increase of mass flux, vapour qualities and with the decrease of saturation temperature. The heat transfer coefficients are showed to increase with the increase of heat flux and saturation temperature while the influence of mass flux and vapour quality is observed as insignificant. After incipience of dryout, the decrease in heat transfer coefficient and also the two phase frictional pressure drop, especially at higher mass fluxes, is observed. The two phase frictional pressure drop correlations of Muller-Steinhagen and Heck and Friedel and two phase flow heat transfer correlations of Cooper and Liu and Winterton well predicted the experimental results.

  • 17.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Parametric Effects on Dryout of Propane in a Vertical Circular Mini-Channel2011Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents dryout results of propane in a vertical circular mini channel made of stainless steel with an internal diameter of 1.70 mm and a heated length of 245 mm. The experiments are performed at three saturation temperatures of 23 oC, 33 oC and 43 oC. Mass flux is varied from 100 kg/m2s to 500 kg/m2s.The heat flux is increased in steps up to occurrence of dryout. The effect of different parameters such as mass flux, vapour quality and saturation temperature on the dryout heat flux is investigated. The results show that the dryout heat flux increases with the increase in mass flux and with the decrease of vapour quality. Almost no effect of saturation temperature on the dryout heat flux is observed. The generalised CHF correlations developed for macro and micro scale from the literature are compared with experimental results. Correlations developed by Callizo et al. (2008), Bowring (1972) and Katto and Ohno (1984) gave reasonably good predictions.

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  • 18.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Ali, Rashid
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Experimental Investigation of Two Phase Pressure Drop in a vertical mini-channel at three saturation pressures2010In: Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Microfluidics - Microfluidics 2010 - Toulouse, December 8-10, 2010, SHF , 2010Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Experiments are performed to study the behavior of  the two phase flow pressure drop of ammonia , in a vertical mini channel made of  stainless steel having an internal diameter of 1.224 mm and a heating length of 245 mm. The test conditions are: mass fluxes from 200 to 500 kg/m2s, heat fluxes from 20 to 340 kW/m2 and saturation temperatures of 23oC,33oC and 43oC. The experimental results are compared to well known correlations for frictional pressure drop in macro and micro scale channels.

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    fulltext
  • 19.
    Maqbool, Muhammad Hamayun
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Rizwan Ali, Rahmat
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Saturated Flow boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of Propane in a Smooth Vertical Minichannel up to Dryout Incipience2011In: 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, 2011, p. 2794-2801Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article the two phase heat transfer results of propane are presented. Experiments are performed up to dryout incipience in a circular mini channel made of stainless steel (AISI 316) having an internal diameter of 1.70 mm and a heated length of 245 mm. Experimental tests are done at a saturation temperature of 23 oC and for a heat flux range 5 - 240 kW/m2. Mass flux ranges from 100 to 400 kg/m2s. The effects of mass flux, heat flux and vapour quality on heat transfer coefficient are explored in detail. The results shows that the local heat transfer coefficients of propane are more or less independent of mass flux and vapour quality and is a strong function of heat flux until the occurrence of partial dryout. Finally the experimental results are compared with well known micro and macro scale correlations from the literature.

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