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  • 1.
    Du, Guangli
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Evaluating the life cycle environmental impact of short span bridges2016In: IABSE Congress Stockholm, 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE) , 2016, p. 1701-1707Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bridge infrastructure consumes large amount of energy and raw materials, leading to considerable environmental burdens. The traditional infrastructure construction prioritizes its technical and economic viability. In recent years, the society devotes an ever-increased attention to the environmental impact of the construction sector. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systematic method for assessing the environmental impact of products and systems, but its application in bridges is scarce. In Swede, most of the bridges are short spans and the type of concrete slabframe bridge (CFB) accounts for a large share. Soil steel composite bridge (SSCB) is a functional equivalent solution for CFB. In order to mitigate the environmental burdens of short span bridges, this paper performed a comparative LCA study between these two types of bridge. The results indicate that the initial material consumption is critical through the whole life cycle. The case of SSCB shows preferable environmental performance over CFB in most of the examined indicators.

  • 2.
    Du, Guangli
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Life cycle environmental impact of two commonly used short span bridges in SwedenManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In a bridge project, several alternative designs can be functionally equivalent for the designated location. The environmental concern urges today’s designers to explore the new design options to mitigate the associated environmental burdens. When comparing to the concrete slab frame bridges, the soil-steel flexible culverts show advantages in ease erection, low maintenance as well as the competitive cost. However, its environmental performance has never been studied. This paper compared the environmental performance of these two bridge types through the whole life cycle from cradle to grave, based on 8 real cases in Sweden. Unlike the previous studies that only looked at few indicators, this paper comprehensively covered eleven sets of mid-point indicators, cumulative energy demand (CED) as well as the associated cost. The construction phase is a specific focus in this paper. The results indicate that the environmental performance of a bridge is linked closely with the bridge type selection, as well as governed by multiple indicators in the environmental domain. 

  • 3.
    Du, Guangli
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Aalborg Univ, Danish Bldg Res Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Soil-steel composite bridge: An alternative design solution for short spans considering LCA2018In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 189, p. 647-661Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In a bridge project, several alternative design solutions can be functionally equivalent for the designated location. Today's bridge constructions highly rely on the non-renewable resources, the consumption of fossil fuels, and the intensive usage of concrete. This urges designers to explore the new design options to mitigate the associated environmental burdens. When comparing to the concrete slab frame bridges (CFB), the soil-steel flexible culverts (or soil-steel composite bridge, SSCB) show advantages in ease erection, low maintenance as well as the competitive cost. However, its environmental performance has never been studied. This paper intends to compare the environmental performance of these two bridge types through the whole life cycle, based on 8 selected cases in Sweden. Unlike previous studies only limited to few impact indicators, this study comprehensively covers a wide range of indicators: including eleven types of mid-point impact categories, the cumulative energy demand (CED) and the associated cost. The construction phase, which seldom included previously, is a specific focus in this paper. The results find that: 1) the SSCBs show advantages over the CFBs in most of the investigated indicators; 2) the construction phase, when explicitly evaluated, may take up to 34% of the total life cycle environmental burdens; 3) the environmental performance of a bridge is closely linked with the bridge type selection, multiple indicators in the environmental domain, designers' preference, the construction phase, as well as the time schedule constraints.

  • 4.
    Du, Guangli
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Safi, Mohammed
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ÅF Infrastructure AB, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sverige AB, Sweden.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Life cycle assessment as a decision support tool for bridge procurement: environmental impact comparison among five bridge designs2014In: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, ISSN 0948-3349, E-ISSN 1614-7502, Vol. 19, no 12, p. 1948-1964Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The conventional decision-making for bridges is mostly focusing on technical, economical, and safety perspectives. Nowadays, the society devotes an ever-increased effort to the construction sector regarding their environmental performance. However, considering the complexity of the environmental problems and the diverse character of bridges, the related research for bridge as a whole system is very rare. Most existing studies were only conducted for a single indicator, part of the structure components, or a specific life stage. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an internationally standardized method for quantifying the environmental impact of a product, asset, or service throughout its whole life cycle. However, in the construction sector, LCA is usually applied in the procurement of buildings, but not bridges as yet. This paper presents a comprehensive LCA framework for road bridges, complied with LCA ReCiPe (H) methodology. The framework enables identification of the key structural components and life cycle stages of bridges, followed by aggregation of the environmental impacts into monetary values. The utility of the framework is illustrated by a practical case study comparing five designs for the Karlsnas Bridge in Sweden, which is currently under construction. This paper comprehensively analyzed 20 types of environmental indicators among five proposed bridge designs, which remedies the absence of full spectrum of environmental indicators in the current state of the art. The results show that the monetary weighting system and uncertainties in key variables such as the steel recycling rate and cement content may highly affect the LCA outcome. The materials, structural elements, and overall designs also have varying influences in different impact categories. The result can be largely affected by the system boundaries, surrounding environment, input uncertainties, considered impact indicators, and the weighting systems applied; thus, no general conclusions can be drawn without specifying such issues. Robustly evaluating and ranking the environmental impact of various bridge designs is far from straightforward. This paper is an important attempt to evaluate various designs from full dimensions. The results show that the indicators and weighting systems must be clearly specified to be applicable in a transparent procurement. This paper provides vital knowledge guiding the decision maker to select the most LCA-feasible proposal and mitigate the environmental burden in the early stage.

  • 5.
    Leander, John
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Amer, Wadi
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Fatigue testing of a bolted connection for buried flexible steel culverts2017In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering / [ed] Arkadiusz Madaj, Iwona Jankowiak, 2017, Vol. 23, p. 153-162Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A fatigue assessment of steel structures based on the safe life approach requires a detail category representing the fatigue strength. For flexible culverts there are no matching details in the governing regulations. In this paper the testing and evaluation of the fatigue strength of a standardized bolted connection for steel culverts are presented. A test rig was designed to mimic the in-service conditions with a combination of bending moment and axial force. A total of ten specimens was tested to failure. The failure was governed cracks initiating at the indentations from the bolt heads and propagated towards the nearest edge. From the test results, an S-N curve has been derived suggesting a characteristic fatigue strength of 124 MPa at 2 million cycles and a slope of 5 in log-log scale.

  • 6.
    Mellat, Peyman
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport Science, Highway and Railway Engineering.
    Andersson, Andreas
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Dynamic behaviour of a short span soil-steel composite bridge for high-speed railways - field measurements and FE-analysis2014In: Engineering structures, ISSN 0141-0296, E-ISSN 1873-7323, Vol. 69, p. 49-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The dynamic response from passing trains at high speed is studied for a short span soil-steel composite bridge. Field measurements have been performed, comprising steel strains, vertical crown displacements and accelerations in the steel and the backfill. Soil material damping properties are estimated through analysis of the field measurements. Approaches for numerical modelling are presented, focusing on the dynamic response from passing trains. Both 2D and 3D continuum models are compared with the measured response. Based on the models, the influence of the Young’s modulus of the backfill on the bridge behaviour is investigated. The 3D-model also enables estimation of the load distribution, which is found to increase at higher train speeds. An effective width to be used in 2D analyses is proposed. A dynamic design check using the high-speed train load models in the Eurocode is presented, that for the studied bridge envisage a resonance peak at about 320 km/h.

  • 7.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Design of soil steel composite bridges according to the Eurocode2012In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil steel composite bridges are used more and more often in road and railroad bridge construction. Spans have increased and structures with spans over 20 m have been built. At the same time new corrugations as well as new culvert profiles have been introduced. With lower heights of cover the effect of concentrated loads is becoming more pronounced.

    In Sweden soil steel composite bridges are designed according to a handbook developed at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. In design the Eurocode is more and more often required. In such cases the handbook Eurocode section can be used.

    In the paper an ultimate limit design procedure for a soil steel composite bridge according to the Eurocode is presented using the Swedish design handbook.

  • 8.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Development of design tools for soil steel composite bridges2012In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper describes some of the research background needed for the development of the Swedish design method for Soil Steel Composite Bridges. The research work was undertaken at the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, division of Structural Engineering and Bridges, at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. With spans growing larger and heights of cover smaller, the aim was to develop a design method that could be used in everyday design work. The design method, based on several full-scale tests, is today a code requirement in Sweden and Finland and is in use in several other countries in Europe. This paper describes some of the background to the design method, but also on-going research and planned future developments.

  • 9.
    Pettersson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Flener, Esra Bayoglu
    Sundquist, Håkan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Design of Soil-Steel Composite Bridges2015In: Structural Engineering International, ISSN 1016-8664, E-ISSN 1683-0350, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 159-172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The research work presented in this paper deals with what are commonly known as soil-steel flexible culverts. The word culvert is, however, usually associated with small pipes in road embankments. Over the years, the flexible culverts have grown bigger and today they are what one could call bridges; they are not just culverts anymore. A more proper name today would therefore be Soil-Steel Composite Bridges. This explains the title of the paper. The research work has been ongoing for more than 30 years at the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Division of Structural Engineering and Bridges, at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. Realizing that spans have grown larger and heights of cover smaller, the aim was to develop a design method that could be used in everyday design work. The design method developed, based on theoretical studies as well as several full scale tests, is today a code requirement in Sweden, Finland, and Norway and is also in use in several other countries in Europe. This paper describes the design method itself and the development behind it as well as ongoing research and planned future developments.

  • 10.
    Pettersson, Lars G.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Design and Bridges.
    Full Scale tests and Structural Evaluation of Soil Steel Flexible Culverts with low Height of Cover2007Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 11.
    Pettersson, Lars G.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Design and Bridges.
    Sundquist, Håkan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Design and Bridges.
    Development of the Swedish Handbook for Buried Flexible Culverts2007In: European Conference on Buried Flexible Steel Structures, 2007, p. 195-203Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of the Swedish handbook on design of buried metal flexible culverts started in 1983 with the Swedish National Road Administration highlighting the need for a design method capable of handling larger spans and small heights of cover. A research project was started at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm and a first full-scale test on a 6,1 m pipe arch culvert having a 1,0 m height of cover was performed. At the same time theoretical studies of different international design methods was started. A second full scale test was performed on a 6,0 m span pipearch culvert varying the height of cover. The design handbook was presented in 2000. Based on the Soil Culvert Interaction-method developed by Duncan the design method allow the designer to calculate both thrust and bending moments in a large variety of culvert profiles and taking different soil conditions into consideration. Both road and railroad live load can be used. Several full scale tests have been performed including the so-called BoxCulvert. A revised handbook has been presented in 2006 including the BoxCulvert extended method. The Swedish bridge codes, both for road and railroad bridges, require the use of the handbook method in the design of buried metal flexible culverts.

  • 12.
    Pettersson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Leander, John
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Hansing, Lars
    ViaCon AB, Linköping.
    Fatigue design of soil steel composite bridges2012In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering, 2012Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Soil steel composite bridges are used more and more often in road and railroad bridge construction. Spans have increased and structures with spans over 20 m have been built. At the same time road designers call for lower heights of cover. At lower heights of cover the effect of concentrated loads will increase and therefore checking of the fatigue capacity is becoming more important.

    The paper presents the on-going project involving fatigue testing of bolted connections used to lap corrugated steel plates in Soil Steel Composite Bridges together with an evaluation of the detail category. The project also includes the development of a design procedure for the fatigue design of a Soil Steel Composite Bridge with low height of cover according to the Eurocode.

  • 13.
    Pettersson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Sundquist, Håkan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Design of soil steel composite bridges2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Preface to the fifth edition of the manual

    This fifth edition has been updated regarding the following points.

    The manual is now fully based on the Eurocodes. A new section on fatigue design has been added. This section is based on new testsand new research. Notations are changed to comply with the rules in Eurocode and the ISO Standards. The text for checking the structural capacity of existing structures is completed andrevised.MSc and PhD student Amer Wadi has developed new diagrams for fatigue design, checkingthe capacity of existing structures and also made some revisions of the design load diagrams. He has also helped in editing of the report.

    Stockholm, October 2014 Lars Pettersson Håkan Sundquist

    Download full text (pdf)
    Design of soil steel composite bridges
  • 14.
    Pettersson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Wadi, Amer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Structural Capacity of Existing Buried Flexible Culverts. Swedish Design Methodology2017In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering, Poland: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznanskiej , 2017, Vol. 23, p. 229-236Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Pettersson, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Wadi, Amer
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Williams, Kevin
    Structural Design of Flexible Culverts Development Trends2017In: Archives of Institute of Civil Engineering, Poland: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznanskiej , 2017, Vol. 23, p. 237-250Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 16.
    Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pacoste, Costin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sweden.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    The influence of the edge beam on the structuralbehavior of bridge deck overhangsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Bridge edge beams in Sweden may incur up to 60% of the life-cycle measures along thebridge’s life span. In addition, road works results in traffic disturbances and, thus, increaseduser costs. Consequently, the Swedish Transport Administration started a project to developsolutions that can become better for the society in terms of cost. A life-cycle cost analysis wascarried out to evaluate which proposals could qualify for more detailed studies and a demonstrationproject. The results showed that a solution without edge beam may result optimal.Even though such design solution might still fulfill the functional requirements of the edgebeam, a structural analysis should be performed to evaluate its robustness.The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the edge beam on the structural behaviorof bridge deck slab overhangs. A non-linear 3D finite element model in the commercial softwareABAQUS was developed for this purpose and validated using experimental data availablein the literature. The load-displacement curves and the failure modes are observed. Theshear and bending moment capacity of the overhang is studied. An assessment of existingdesign methods is presented in light of the load capacity obtained for each case.The results show that the edge beam contributes to a higher load capacity of the bridgeoverhang than of that without edge beam. The shear capacity of the slab is more efficientlydistributed, due to a stiffening effect in the critical cross section close to the transversal freeedge. Therefore, the effect of removing the edge beam should be investigated for the bridgecase at hand to account for the loss of robustness compared to a case with an edge beam. Existing design methods should be reviewed in order to account for the influence of an edgebeam.

  • 17.
    Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pacoste-Calmanovici, Costin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ELU Konsult, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Influence of Edge Beam on Behavior of Bridge Overhangs2018In: ACI Structural Journal, ISSN 0889-3241, E-ISSN 1944-7361, Vol. 115, no 4, p. 957-970Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, a solution without edge beam was presented to reduce life cycle costs in bridges. Because bridge edge beams contribute to an increased load capacity of overhang slabs, the loss of robustness of the overhang should be investigated. The aim of this paper is to investigate and quantify the influence of the edge beam on the structural behavior of overhang slabs. A nonlinear, three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model was developed and validated using experimental data. Failure modes as well as the shearing and bending moment capacities were determined. An assessment of existing design methods is also presented. The results show the edge beam has a significant contribution to the load capacity. Specifically, the shear force is more efficiently distributed for concentrated loads near the free edge. Design methods should be reviewed to account for the edge beam's influence in the load-bearing capacity of the overhang slab.

  • 18.
    Veganzones Muñoz, José Javier
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sweden.
    Sundqvist, Håkan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Life-cycle cost analysis as a tool in the developing process for new bridge edge beam solutions2016In: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, ISSN 1573-2479, E-ISSN 1744-8980, Vol. 12, no 9, p. 1185-1201Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Currently in Sweden, the life-cycle measures applied on bridge edge beams may take up to 60% of the total costs incurred along the road bridges’ life span. Moreover, significant disturbances for the road users are caused. Therefore, the Swedish Transport Administration has started a project to develop alternative edge beam design solutions that are better for society in terms of cost. The purpose of this article is to investigate whether these proposals can qualify for more detailed studies through an evaluation and comparison based on a comprehensive life-cycle cost analysis. The alternatives including the standard design are applied to typical Swedish bridges. The impact of the values of the parameters with the largest influence is investigated by sensitivity analyses. Results with different life-cycle strategies are shown. The positive influences in the total life-cycle cost of a stainless steel reinforced solution and of the enhanced construction technique are estimated. The concrete edge beam integrated with the deck seems to be favourable, which is in line with international experience observed. Different designs may be appropriate depending on the bridge case and the life-cycle strategy. The Swedish Transport Administration will carry out a demonstration project in a bridge with one of the proposals.

  • 19.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Structural response of a high profile arch flexible culvert in sloping terrain using finite element modeling2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Flexible culverts are generally considered cost-effective structures for their simplicity in construction and the short time involved in the erection process. This has constantly motivated practitioners to explore the different areas of application including their performance in sloping environment. Yet, the complex nature of the interaction between the soil and steel materials marks a challenge, where the performance of these structures is fundamentally influenced by the quality of the backfill soil and its configuration around the conduit/arch. Surface slopes may affect the structural response by inducing an asymmetrical soil support and an unbalanced earth loading.

    The use of numerical simulation is utilized to provide insights about the performance of flexible culvert in sloping environment, where a case study of a high profile arch is investigated under different construction schemes. The paper focuses mainly on predicting the structural behavior of soil loading effects. The study includes the influence of different slopes in combination with various depths of soil cover.

    The results enabled to realize the importance of soil configuration around the steel arch and its influence on the structural response. While the presence of surface slopes emphasizes the susceptibility of flexible culverts with low depths of soil cover, higher covers may help in reducing the effect of steep slopes. Sectional forces were found to increase with the increase of surface slopes. The study also highlighted recent research efforts on the topic and briefly discussed some design implications when building flexible culverts in sloping terrain.

  • 20.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ViaCon AB, Sweden .
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sweden AB - Major Projects, Sweden .
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Flexible culverts in sloping terrain: Numerical simulation of avalanche load effectsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ViaCon AB, Lidköping, Sweden.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sweden AB - Major Projects, Solna, Sweden.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Flexible culverts in sloping terrain: Numerical simulation of avalanche load effects2016In: Cold Regions Science and Technology, ISSN 0165-232X, E-ISSN 1872-7441, Vol. 124, p. 95-109Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Avalanche protection concrete structures are expensive and their construction period is often influenced by the climatological conditions at site, which could result in prolonging the erection process and increase its associated costs. Given the short construction time of flexible culverts, such structures can be a cost-effective alternative to traditional protective measures. This article investigates the performance of flexible culverts - often referred to as soil-steel composite bridges (SSCB) - when constructed in sloping topography under avalanche loads. A number of 2D finite element models were created to simulate two case studies composed of a pipe arch and a high-profile arch. The models were generated to investigate the effect of soil cover depth, the avalanche proximity, and the change in soil support conditions around the conduit. The aim was to perceive and understand the changes in deformations and sectional forces under defined avalanche loads. The results enable to realise the effect of shallow soil covers in the pronounced change in bending moments due to avalanches. The proximity of avalanche deviation point has a great influence on the structural performance, though increasing the soil cover depth could considerably help in reducing the bending moments resulting from avalanches. It is also found that the downhill soil support configuration has a substantial effect on the flexural response of the structure.

  • 22.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. ViaCon AB, Sweden .
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges. Skanska Sweden AB - Major Projects, Sweden .
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Flexible culverts in sloping terrain: Numerical simulation of soil loading effects2015In: Engineering structures, ISSN 0141-0296, E-ISSN 1873-7323, Vol. 101, p. 111-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper investigates the performance of flexible culverts – often referred to as soil–steel composite bridges (SSCB) – when constructed in sloping topography. A number of 2D finite element models were created to simulate three case studies compromising two pipe arches and one high profile arch. The models were generated to investigate the effect of different surface slopes for different depths of soil cover. The aim was to understand and perceive the change of sectional forces in the structure with respect to slope increase under different soil covers. In addition, the effect of structure presence in the soil was also investigated in terms of soil stability. The results enable to realize the susceptibility of such structures to low heights of soil cover when built in sloping environment, which is seen in the incremental change in displacements and sectional forces, specially the bending moments. It is also found that the geometrical aspects of the profile shapes have more pronounced effect on their performance when introducing steeper slopes. The safety factor of soil stability is found to decrease when introducing such structures in the soil.

  • 23.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Karoumi, Raid
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    On predicting the ultimate capacity of a large-span soil-steel composite bridgeManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 24.
    Wadi, Amer
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Pettersson, Lars
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    Raid, Karoumi
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
    FEM simulation of a full-scale loading-to-failure test of a corrugated steel culvert2018In: Steel and composite structures, ISSN 1229-9367, E-ISSN 1598-6233, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 217-227Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper utilizes 3D FEM to provide deeper insights about the structural behaviour of a 6.1 m span steel culvert, which was previously tested under extreme loading. The effect of different input parameters pertaining to the backfill soil has been investigated, where the structural response is compared to field measurements. The interface choice between the steel and soil materials was also studied. The results enabled to realize the major influence of the friction angle on the load effects. Moreover, the analyses showed some differences concerning the estimation of failure load, whereas reasons beyond this outcome were arguably presented and discussed.

1 - 24 of 24
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