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  • 1.
    Afrasiabi, Roodabeh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Sugunan, Abhilash
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Shahid, Robina
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Microwave mediated synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots2012In: Physica Status Solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics, ISSN 1610-1634, E-ISSN 1610-1642, Vol. 9, no 7, p. 1551-1556Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Colloidal quantum dots (QD) have tuneable optoelectronic properties and can be easily handled by simple solution processing techniques, making them very attractive for a wide range of applications. Over the past decade synthesis of morphology controlled high quality (crystalline, monodisperse) colloidal QDs by thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors has matured and is well studied. Recently, synthesis of colloidal QDs by microwave irradiation as heating source is being studied due to the inherently different mechanisms of heat transfer, when compared to solvent convection based heating. Under microwave irradiation, polar precursor molecules directly absorb the microwave energy and heat up more efficiently. Here we report synthesis of colloidal II-VI semiconductor QDs (CdS, CdSe, CdTe) by microwave irradiation and compare it with conventional synthesis based on convection heating. Our findings show that QD synthesis by microwave heating is more efficient and the chalcogenide precursor strongly absorbs the microwave radiation shortening the reaction time and giving a high reaction yield.

  • 2.
    Akan, Rabia
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Parfeniukas, Karolis
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Vogt, Carmen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Toprak, M. S.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Vogt, Ulrich
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Reaction control of metal-assisted chemical etching for silicon-based zone plate nanostructures2018In: RSC Advances, E-ISSN 2046-2069, Vol. 8, no 23, p. 12628-12634Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) reaction parameters were investigated for the fabrication of specially designed silicon-based X-ray zone plate nanostructures using a gold catalyst pattern and etching solutions composed of HF and H2O2. Etching depth, zone verticality and zone roughness were studied as a function of etching solution composition, temperature and processing time. Homogeneous, vertical etching with increasing depth is observed at increasing H2O2 concentrations and elevated processing temperatures, implying a balance in the hole injection and silica dissolution kinetics at the gold-silicon interface. The etching depth decreases and zone roughness increases at the highest investigated H2O2 concentration and temperature. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed based on reaction chemistry and zone plate design. Optimum MACE conditions are found at HFH2O2 concentrations of 4.7 M:0.68 M and room temperature with an etching rate of ≈0.7 μm min-1, which is about an order of magnitude higher than previous reports. Moreover, our results show that a grid catalyst design is important for successful fabrication of vertical high aspect ratio silicon nanostructures. 

  • 3.
    Akan, Rabia
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Parfeniukas, Karolis
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Vogt, Carmen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Vogt, Ulrich
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Reaction control of metal-assisted chemical etching for silicon-based zone plate nanostructuresManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) reaction parameters were investigated for the fabrication of specially designed silicon-based x-ray zone plate nanostructures using a gold catalyst pattern and etching solutions composed of HF and H2O2. Etching depth, zone verticality and zone roughness were studied as a function of etching solution composition, temperature and processing time. Homogeneous, vertical etching with increasing depth is observed at increasing H2O2 concentrations and elevated processing temperatures, implying a balance in the hole injection and silica dissolution kinetics at the gold-silicon interface. The etching depth decreases and zone roughness increases at the highest investigated H2O2 concentration and temperature. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed based on reaction chemistry and zone plate design. Optimum MACE conditions are found at HF:H2O2 concentrations of 4.7 M:0.68 M and room temperature with an etching rate of 0.7 micrometers per minute, which is about an order of magnitude higher than previous reports. Moreover, our results show that a grid catalyst design is important for successful fabrication of vertical high aspect ratio silicon nanostructures.

  • 4.
    Akan, Rabia
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Parfeniukas, Karolis
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Vogt, Carmen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Vogt, Ulrich
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Investigation of Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching for Fabrication of Silicon-Based X-Ray Zone Plates2018In: Microscopy and Microanalysis, ISSN 1431-9276, E-ISSN 1435-8115Article in journal (Refereed)
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  • 5. Akman, O.
    et al.
    Kavas, H.
    Baykal, A.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Coruh, Ali
    Aktas, B.
    Magnetic metal nanoparticles coated polyacrylonitrile textiles as microwave absorber2013In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, ISSN 0304-8853, E-ISSN 1873-4766, Vol. 327, p. 151-158Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) textiles with 2 mm thickness are coated with magnetic nanoparticles in coating baths with Ni, Co and their alloys via an electroless metal deposition method. The crystal structure, morphology and magnetic nature of composites are investigated by X-ray Powder diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and dc magnetization measurement techniques. The frequency dependent microwave absorption measurements have been carried out in the frequency range of 12.4-18 GHz (X and P bands). Diamagnetic and ferromagnetic properties are also investigated. Finally, the microwave absorption of composites is found strongly dependent on the coating time. One absorption peak is observed between 14.3 and 15.8 GHz with an efficient absorption bandwidth of 3.3-4.1 GHz (under -20 dB reflection loss limit). The Reflection loss (RL) can be achieved between -30 and -50 dB. It was found that the RL is decreasing and absorption bandwidth is decreasing with increasing coating time. While absorption peak moves to lower frequencies in Ni coated PAN textile, it goes higher frequencies in Co coated ones. The Ni-Co alloy coated composites have fluctuating curve of absorption frequency with respect to coating time. These results encourage further development of magnetic nanoparticle coated textile absorbers for broadband applications.

  • 6. Alaghmandfard, A.
    et al.
    Sedighi, O.
    Tabatabaei Rezaei, N.
    Abedini, A. A.
    Malek Khachatourian, A.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Seifalian, A.
    Recent advances in the modification of carbon-based quantum dots for biomedical applications2021In: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems, ISSN 0928-4931, E-ISSN 1873-0191, Vol. 120, article id 111756Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon-based quantum dots (CDs) are mainly divided into two sub-groups; carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which exhibit outstanding photoluminescence (PL) properties, low toxicity, superior biocompatibility and facile functionalization. Regarding these features, they have been promising candidates for biomedical science and engineering applications. In this work, we reviewed the efforts made to modify these zero-dimensional nano-materials to obtain the best properties for bio-imaging, drug and gene delivery, cancer therapy, and bio-sensor applications. Five main surface modification techniques with outstanding results are investigated, including doping, surface functionalization, polymer capping, nano-composite and core-shell structures, and the drawbacks and challenges in each of these methods are discussed.

  • 7.
    Al-Farsi, Hissa M.
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Minist Hlth, Cent Publ Hlth Labs, Muscat, Oman..
    Al-Adwani, Salma
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Agr & Marine Sci, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Muscat, Oman..
    Ahmed, Sultan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Vogt, Carmen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova.
    Ambikan, Anoop T.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Leber, Anna
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Al-Jardani, Amina
    Minist Hlth, Cent Publ Hlth Labs, Muscat, Oman..
    Al-Azri, Saleh
    Minist Hlth, Cent Publ Hlth Labs, Muscat, Oman..
    Al-Muharmi, Zakariya
    Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Muscat, Oman..
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova.
    Giske, Christian G.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Bergman, Peter
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Immunodeficiency Unit, Infect Dis Clin, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 and Innate Effector Mechanisms in Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae With mgrB Insertions2019In: Frontiers in Microbiology, E-ISSN 1664-302X, Vol. 10, article id 2632Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic drug that targets lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Inactivation of the mgrB-gene is a common mechanism behind colistin-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn). Since colistin is a cyclic polypeptide, it may exhibit cross-resistance with the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, and with other innate effector mechanisms, but previous results are inconclusive. Objective To study potential cross-resistance between colistin and LL-37, as well as with other innate effector mechanisms, and to compare virulence of colistin-resistant and susceptible Kpn strains. Materials/Methods Carbapenemase-producing Kpn from Oman (n = 17) were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing. Susceptibility to colistin and LL-37 was studied. The surface charge was determined by zeta-potential measurements and the morphology of treated bacteria was analyzed with electron microscopy. Bacterial survival was assessed in human whole blood and serum, as well as in a zebrafish infection-model. Results Genome-analysis revealed insertion-sequences in the mgrB gene, as a cause of colistin resistance in 8/17 isolates. Colistin-resistant (Col-R) isolates were found to be more resistant to LL-37 compared to colistin-susceptible (Col-S) isolates, but only at concentrations >= 50 mu g/ml. There was no significant difference in surface charge between the isolates. The morphological changes were similar in both Col-R and Col-S isolates after exposure to LL-37. Finally, no survival difference between the Col-R and Col-S isolates was observed in whole blood or serum, or in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion Cross-resistance between colistin and LL-37 was observed at elevated concentrations of LL-37. However, Col-R and Col-S isolates exhibited similar survival in serum and whole blood, and in a zebrafish infection-model, suggesting that cross-resistance most likely play a limited role during physiological conditions. However, it cannot be ruled out that the observed cross-resistance could be relevant in conditions where LL-37 levels reach high concentrations, such as during infection or inflammation.

  • 8. Almessiere, M. A.
    et al.
    Slimani, Y.
    Trukhanov, A. V.
    Sadaqat, A.
    Korkmaz, A. D.
    Algarou, N. A.
    Aydın, H.
    Baykal, A.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Review on functional bi-component nanocomposites based on hard/soft ferrites: Structural, magnetic, electrical and microwave absorption properties2021In: Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects, ISSN 2352-507X, Vol. 26, article id 100728Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bi-component hard (H) (hexaferrite) and soft (S) (spinel) ferrites nanocomposites are gaining interest scientifically and technically, not only for combining the high magnetization of spinel ferrite nanomaterials and the high coercivity of hexaferrite magnetic nanomaterials but also for the outstanding exchange-coupling behavior among hard and soft magnetic phase. The improved magnetic features lead to produce a new nanocomposite with higher microwave absorption capacity in comparison with ferrites with a single absorption mechanism. Exchange-coupled effect has a potential application based on microwave absorption, recording media, permanent magnets, biomedical and other applications. Intensive studies have been conducted on this topic to produce hard/soft (H/S) ferrite nanocomposites with establishment of exchange coupled effect between the two phases. Preparation methods, microstructure, magnetics features, microwave and dielectric properties, and applications are elaborated. Consequently, a comprehensive effort has been made to contain an original reference investigating in detail the precise outcomes of the published papers. 

  • 9.
    Almessiere, M. A.
    et al.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, POB 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.;Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Inst Res & Med Consultat IRMC, Dept Biophys, POB 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia..
    Unal, B.
    Istanbul Univ Cerrahpasa, Inst Forens Sci & Legal Med, Buyukcekmece Campus, TR-34500 Istanbul, Turkey..
    Slimani, Y.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Inst Res & Med Consultat IRMC, Dept Biophys, POB 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia..
    Gungunes, H.
    Hitit Univ, Dept Phys, Cevre Yolu Bulvari, TR-19030 Corum, Turkey..
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Tashkandi, N.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Inst Res & Med Consultat IRMC, Dept Nanomed Res, POB 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia..
    Baykal, A.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Inst Res & Med Consultat IRMC, Dept Nanomed Res, POB 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia..
    Sertkol, M.
    Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Univ, Dept Basic Sci, Preparatory Year & Supporting Studies, POB 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia..
    Trukhanov, A. V.
    Yildiz, A.
    Namik Kemal Univ, Corlu Engn Fac, Text Engn Dept, TR-59860 Corlu Tekirdag, Turkey..
    Manikandan, A.
    Bharath Univ, Bharath Inst Higher Educ & Res BIHER, Dept Chem, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India.;Bharath Inst Higher Educ & Res BIHER, Ctr Catalysis & Renewable Energy, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Effects of Ce-Dy rare earths co-doping on various features of Ni-Co spinel ferrite microspheres prepared via hydrothermal approach2021In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology, ISSN 2238-7854, Vol. 14, p. 2534-2553Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of Ce-Dy co-doping on the crystal structure, optical, dielectric, magnetic properties, and hyperfine interactions of Ni-Co spinel ferrite microspheres synthesized hydrothermally have been studied. A series of ferrites with the general formula Ni0.5-Co0.5CexDyxFe2-2xO4 were synthesized with x values ranging from 0.00 to 0.10. The phase, crystallinity, and morphology of ferrite microspheres were analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM), respectively. The structural analyses of the synthesized ferrite microspheres confirmed their high purity and cubic crystalline phase. The Diffuse reflectance spectroscopic (DRS) measurements were presented to calculate direct optical energy band gaps (E-g) and is found in the range 1.63 eV - 1.84 eV. Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that the hyperfine magnetic field of tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites decreased with the substitution of Dy3+-Ce3+ ions that preferrentially occupy the B site. The impact of the rare-earth content (x) on the magnetic features of the prepared NiCo ferrite microspheres was investigated by analyzing M-H loops, which showed soft ferrimagnetism. The magnetic features illustrate a great impact of the incorporation of Ce3+-Dy3+ ions within the NiCo ferrite structure. The saturation magnetization (M-s), remanence (M-r), and coercivity (H-c) increased gradually with increasing Ce-Dy content. At x = 0.04, M-s, M-r, and H-c attain maximum values of about 31.2 emu/g, 11.5 emu/g, and 512.4 Oe, respectively. The Bohr magneton (n(B)) and magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant (K-eff) were also determined and evaluated with correlation to other magnetic parameters. Further increase in Ce3+-Dy3+ content (i.e., x >= 0.06) was found to decrease M-s, M-r, and H-c values. The variations in magnetic parameters (M-s, M-r, and H-c) were largely caused by the surface spins effect, the variations in crystallite/particle size, the distribution of magnetic ions into the different sublattices, the evolutions of magneto-crystalline anisotropy, and the variations in the magnetic moment (n(B)). The squareness ratios were found to be lower than the predicted theoretical value of 0.5 for various samples, indicating that the prepared Ce-Dy substituted NiCo ferrite microspheres are composed of NPs with single-magnetic domain (SMD). Temperature and frequency-dependent electrical and dielectric measurements have been done to estimate the ac/dc conductivity, dielectric constant, and tangent loss values for all the samples. The ac conductivity measurements confirmed the power-law rules, largely dependent on Ce-Dy content. Impedance analysis stated that the conduction mechanisms in all samples are mainly due to the grains-grain boundaries. The dielectric constant of NiCo ferrite microspheres give rise to normal dielectric distribution, with the frequency depending strongly on the Ce-Dy content. The observed variation in tangential loss with frequency can be attributed to the conduction mechanism in ferrites, like Koop's phenomenological model.

  • 10. Altincekic, T. G.
    et al.
    Boz, I.
    Baykal, A.
    Kazan, S.
    Topkaya, R.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Synthesis and characterization of CuFe2O4 nanorods synthesized by polyol route2010In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, ISSN 0925-8388, E-ISSN 1873-4669, Vol. 493, no 1-2, p. 493-498Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Uniform, high quality, CuFe2O4 nanorods with high aspect ratios were synthesized by a surfactant-free single step polyol process at 220 degrees C. The structure of the product was characterized by XRD and FT-IR, and the morphology of the product was analyzed by SEM. The results showed that the as-prepared nanorods have a uniform cross-section and with average diameter of similar to 100 nm and aspect ratio in the range of 13-52. X-ray line profile fitting resulted in crystallite size of 15 nm, which reveals the polycrystalline nature of these nanorods. Magnetic characterization of product was performed by EPR and VSM techniques and the results show that the CuFe2O4 nanorods are ferromagnetic. The line width of the resonance lines in FMR is about 1.8 kOe which may originate from different resonance fields of randomly distributed nanocrystals which have different orientation of magnetic easy axes.

  • 11. Amir, M.
    et al.
    Baykal, A.
    Güner, S.
    Sertkol, M.
    Sözeri, H.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Synthesis and Characterization of CoxZn1−xAlFeO4 Nanoparticles2015In: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, ISSN 1574-1443, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 747-754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanocrystalline powders of cobalt and aluminum co-substituted zinc ferrites with general formula CoxZn1−xAlFeO4 (x = 0.0–1.0) have been synthesized for the first time. Using the citrate-microwave technique and the citric acid as combustion–complexion agent (fuel), materials with spinel mono-phase cubic spinel structure were successfully prepared. The characterization of products was done by XRD, SEM and VSM. The crystallite size estimated by Scherrer formula has been found in the range of 7.7–9.6 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by room temperature (RT) VSM magnetization measurements. The small remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (Hc) values reveal the superparamagnetic nature of nanoparticles (NPs) at RT. The extrapolated saturation magnetization (Ms) is maximum for Co0.8Zn0.2AlFeO4 (17.15 emu/g) and minimum for ZnAlFeO4 particles (4.22 emu/g). This case is attributed to high or low amount of cation distribution change from normal to mixed spinel structure. The average magnetic diameters (Dmag) were calculated from magnetic fit studies of M–H spectra. Dmag values are between 8.17 and 8.46 nm and this range is in great accordance with the obtained diameters from XRD measurements. The small Mr/Ms ratios (maximum, 0.219) specify the uniaxial anisotropy according to Stoner–Wohlfarth model for CoxZn1−xAlFeO4 NPs. RT effective anisotropy constants (Keff) were calculated by using Ms and Hc values. Keff constants increased with increasing Co content in the spinel NPs.

  • 12. Andõn, F. T.
    et al.
    Kapralov, A. A.
    Yanamala, N.
    Feng, W.
    Baygan, Arjang
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Chambers, B. J.
    Hultenby, K.
    Ye, Fei
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Brandner, B. D.
    Fornara, Andrea
    Institute for Surface Chemistry, Stockholm.
    Klein-Seetharaman, J.
    Kotchey, G. P.
    Star, A.
    Shvedova, Anna A.
    West Virginia University, USA.
    Fadeel, B.
    Kagan, V. E.
    Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Eosinophil Peroxidase2013In: Small, ISSN 1613-6810, E-ISSN 1613-6829, Vol. 9, no 16, p. 2721-2729Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is one of the major oxidant-producing enzymes during inflammatory states in the human lung. The degradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) upon incubation with human EPO and H2O 2 is reported. Biodegradation of SWCNTs is higher in the presence of NaBr, but neither EPO alone nor H2O2 alone caused the degradation of nanotubes. Molecular modeling reveals two binding sites for SWCNTs on EPO, one located at the proximal side (same side as the catalytic site) and the other on the distal side of EPO. The oxidized groups on SWCNTs in both cases are stabilized by electrostatic interactions with positively charged residues. Biodegradation of SWCNTs can also be executed in an ex vivo culture system using primary murine eosinophils stimulated to undergo degranulation. Biodegradation is proven by a range of methods including transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and confocal Raman imaging. Thus, human EPO (in vitro) and ex vivo activated eosinophils mediate biodegradation of SWCNTs: an observation that is relevant to pulmonary responses to these materials. Human eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is able to degrade SWCNTs in vitro in the presence of H2O2. EPO is one of the major oxidant-generating enzymes present in human lungs during inflammatory states. The biodegradation of SWCNTs is evidenced also in an ex vivo culture system using primary murine eosinophils stimulated to undergo degranulation. These results are relevant to potential respiratory exposure to carbon nanotubes.

  • 13.
    Arsana, Komang G.Y.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Saladino, Giovanni
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Brodin, Bertha
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Hertz, Hans
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Laboratory Liquid-Jet X-ray Microscopy and X-ray Fluorescence Imaging for Biomedical Applications2024In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, ISSN 1661-6596, E-ISSN 1422-0067, Vol. 25, no 2, article id 920Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Diffraction-limited resolution and low penetration depth are fundamental constraints in optical microscopy and in vivo imaging. Recently, liquid-jet X-ray technology has enabled the generation of X-rays with high-power intensities in laboratory settings. By allowing the observation of cellular processes in their natural state, liquid-jet soft X-ray microscopy (SXM) can provide morphological information on living cells without staining. Furthermore, X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) permits the tracking of contrast agents in vivo with high elemental specificity, going beyond attenuation contrast. In this study, we established a methodology to investigate nanoparticle (NP) interactions in vitro and in vivo, solely based on X-ray imaging. We employed soft (0.5 keV) and hard (24 keV) X-rays for cellular studies and preclinical evaluations, respectively. Our results demonstrated the possibility of localizing NPs in the intracellular environment via SXM and evaluating their biodistribution with in vivo multiplexed XFI. We envisage that laboratory liquid-jet X-ray technology will significantly contribute to advancing our understanding of biological systems in the field of nanomedical research.

  • 14.
    Avila, Marta
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Burks, Terrance
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Akhtar, F.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Universtiy, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Lansåker, P. C.
    Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Surface functionalized nanofibers for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions2014In: Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN 1385-8947, E-ISSN 1873-3212, Vol. 245, p. 201-209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers functionalized with amine groups (PAN-NH2) were prepared using a simple one-step reaction route. The PAN-NH2 nanofibers were investigated for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption and the kinetic characteristics were evaluated in batch process. The adsorption process showed pH dependence and the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption occurred at pH = 2. The Langmuir adsorption model described well the experimental adsorption data and estimated a maximum loading capacity of 156 mg/g, which is a markedly high value compared to other adsorbents reported. The kinetics studies indicated that the equilibrium was attained after 90 min and the experimental data followed a pseudo-second order model suggesting a chemisorption process as the rate limiting step. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) species on PAN-NH2 was facilitated through both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation. High desorption efficiency (> 90%) of Cr(VI) was achieved using diluted base solutions that may allow the reuse of PAN-NH2 nanofibers.

  • 15. Aydin, M.
    et al.
    Durmus, Z.
    Kavas, H.
    Esat, B.
    Sozeri, H.
    Baykal, A.
    Yilmaz, F.
    Toprak, Muhammat S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(3-thiophene acetic acid)/Fe3O4 nanocomposite2011In: Polyhedron, ISSN 0277-5387, E-ISSN 1873-3719, Vol. 30, no 6, p. 1120-1126Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Poly(3-thiophene acetic acid)/Fe3O4 nanocomposite is synthesized by the precipitation of Fe3O4 in the presence of poly(3-thiophene acetic acid) (P3TAA). Structural, surface, morphological, thermal properties and conductivity characterization/evaluation of the nanocomposite were performed by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, TGA. and conductivity measurements, respectively. The capping of P3TAA around Fe3O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, the interaction being via bridging oxygens of the carboxylate and the nanoparticle surface through bidentate binding. The crystallite and particle size were obtained as 9 +/- 2 nm and 11 +/- 1 nm from XRD line profile fitting and TEM image analysis, respectively, which reveal nearly single crystalline nature of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Magnetization measurements reveal that P3TAA coated magnetite particles do not saturate at higher fields. There is no coercivity and remanence revealing superparamagnetic character. Magnetic particle size calculated from the theoretical fitting as 9.1 nm which coincides the values determined from TEM micrographs and XRD line profile fitting. The comparison to the TEM particle size reveals slightly modified magnetically dead nanoparticle surface.

  • 16. Aydin, M.
    et al.
    Unal, B.
    Esat, B.
    Baykal, A.
    Karaoglu, E.
    Toprak, Muhammet Sadaka
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Sozeri, H.
    Synthesis, magnetic and electrical characteristics of poly(2-thiophen-3-yl-malonic acid)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposite2012In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, ISSN 0925-8388, E-ISSN 1873-4669, Vol. 514, p. 45-53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Poly(2-thiophen-3-yl-malonic acid)/Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposite was synthesized by the precipitation of Fe(3)O(4) in the presence of poly(2-thiophen-3-yl-malonic acid) (PT3MA). Characterizations of the nanocomposite were performed by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, TGA, AC/DC conductivity and dielectric measurements. The capping of PT3MA around Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, the interaction being between bridging oxygen of the carboxylate and the nanoparticle surface through bidentate binding. The crystallite particle sizes of 6 +/- 3 nm and 7 +/- 3 nm were obtained from XRD line profile fitting and from TEM image analysis respectively, and they are in good agreement with each other. Magnetization measurements revealed that PT3MA coated magnetite particles do not saturate at higher fields. The material showed superparamagnetic character as revealed by the absence of coercivity and remnant magnetization. Magnetic particle size was calculated as 7.3 +/- 1.0 nm from the mean magnetization term in the Langevin function which is also in conformity with the values determined from TEM micrographs and XRD line profile fitting. The TEM particle size analysis of the nanoparticles revealed the presence of a slightly modified magnetically dead nanoparticle surface. AC and DC conductivity measurements were performed to elucidate the electrical conduction characteristics of the product.

  • 17.
    Azadpour, Behnam
    et al.
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
    Aharipour, Nazli
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
    Paryab, Amirhosein
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
    Omid, Hamed
    Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
    Abdollahi, Sorosh
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
    Madaah Hosseini, Hamidreza
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
    Malek Khachatourian, Adrine
    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Seifalian, Alexander M.
    Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, & Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK.
    Magnetically-assisted viral transduction (magnetofection) medical applications: An update2023In: Biomaterials Advances, E-ISSN 2772-9508, Vol. 154, article id 213657Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gene therapy involves replacing a faulty gene or adding a new gene inside the body's cells to cure disease or improve the body's ability to fight disease. Its popularity is evident from emerging concepts such as CRISPR-based genome editing and epigenetic studies and has been moved to a clinical setting. The strategy for therapeutic gene design includes; suppressing the expression of pathogenic genes, enhancing necessary protein production, and stimulating the immune system, which can be incorporated into both viral and non-viral gene vectors. Although non-viral gene delivery provides a safer platform, it suffers from an inefficient rate of gene transfection, which means a few genes could be successfully transfected and expressed within the cells. Incorporating nucleic acids into the viruses and using these viral vectors to infect cells increases gene transfection efficiency. Consequently, more cells will respond, more genes will be expressed, and sustained and successful gene therapy can be achieved. Combining nanoparticles (NPs) and nucleic acids protects genetic materials from enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, the vectors can be transferred faster, facilitating cell attachment and cellular uptake. Magnetically assisted viral transduction (magnetofection) enhances gene therapy efficiency by mixing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with gene vectors and exerting a magnetic field to guide a significant number of vectors directly onto the cells. This research critically reviews the MNPs and the physiochemical properties needed to assemble an appropriate magnetic viral vector, discussing cellular hurdles and attitudes toward overcoming these barriers to reach clinical gene therapy perspectives. We focus on the studies conducted on the various applications of magnetic viral vectors in cancer therapies, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, cell sorting, and virus isolation.

  • 18. Ballikaya, S.
    et al.
    Oner, Y.
    Temel, T.
    Ozkal, B.
    Bailey, T. P.
    Toprak, Muhammet Sadaka
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Uher, C.
    Thermoelectric and thermal stability improvements in Nano-Cu 2 Se included Ag 2 Se2019In: Journal of Solid State Chemistry, ISSN 0022-4596, E-ISSN 1095-726X, Vol. 273, p. 122-127Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recently, silver chalcogenides have attracted great attention due to their potential application for room temperature power generation and local cooling. In this work, we report the thermoelectric properties and thermal stability of bulk Ag 2 Se with nano-Cu 2 Se inclusions ((Ag 2 Se) 1-x (Cu 2 Se) x where x = 0, 0.02 and 0.05). Ag 2 Se samples were prepared via melting, annealing and the nanocomposite was prepared by ball milling this material with required amount of nano-Cu 2 Se; finally, the samples were consolidated by spark plasma sintering. High temperature and low temperature transport properties were assessed by the measurements of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and Hall coefficient. The phase composition and microstructure were explored by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, while the thermal stability of samples was investigated via heating microscopy and heat capacity measurement. Room temperature PXRD and SEM indicated that two separate phases of Ag 2 Se and Cu 2 Se form in nano-Cu 2 Se included composites. Heating microscopy and the heat capacity measurement indicate that the thermal stability of Ag 2 Se is enhanced with increasing nano-Cu 2 Se inclusions. The sign of the Seebeck coefficient, in agreement with the Hall coefficient, shows that electrons are the dominant carriers in all samples. The electrical conductivity of the samples increases and the Seebeck coefficient decreases with increasing amount of the nano-Cu 2 Se inclusion, likely due to augmented carrier concentration. Despite the larger electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity is suppressed with nano-Cu 2 Se inclusions. A high power factor and reduced thermal conductivity lead to a maximum ZT value of 0.45 at 875 K for (Ag 2 Se) 1-x (nano-Cu 2 Se) x sample where x is 0.05.

  • 19.
    Batili, Hazal
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Hamawandi, Bejan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Ergül, Adem Björn
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Szukiewicz, Rafal
    Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw, Maxa Borna 9, 50–204 Wroclaw, Poland, Maxa Borna 9.
    Kuchowicz, Maciej
    Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw, Maxa Borna 9, 50–204 Wroclaw, Poland, Maxa Borna 9.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    A comparative study on the surface chemistry and electronic transport properties of Bi2Te3 synthesized through hydrothermal and thermolysis routes2024In: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, ISSN 0927-7757, E-ISSN 1873-4359, Vol. 682, article id 132898Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bismuth telluride-Bi2Te3 is the most promising material for harvesting thermal energy near room temperature. There are numerous works on Bi2Te3 reporting significantly different transport properties, with no clear connection to the synthetic routes used and the resultant surface chemistry of the synthesized materials. It is of utmost importance to characterize the constituent particles’ surface and interfaces to get a better understanding of their influence on the transport properties, that will significantly improve the material design starting from the synthesis step. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a promising technique, enabling the formation of thick films using colloidally stabilized suspensions of pre-made nanoparticles, which can enable the study of the effect of surface chemistry, in connection to the synthetic route, on the material's transport properties. In order to explore the differences in surface chemistry and the resultant transport properties in relation to the synthetic scheme used, here we report on Bi2Te3 synthesised through two wet-chemical routes in water (Hydro-) and oil (Thermo-) as the solvents. XRD analysis showed a high phase purity of the synthesized materials. SEM analysis revealed hexagonal platelet morphology of the synthesized materials, which were then used to fabricate EPD films. Characterization of the EPD films reveal significant differences between the Hydro- and Thermo-Bi2Te3 samples, leading to about 8 times better electrical conductivity values in the Thermo-Bi2Te3. XPS analysis revealed a higher metal oxides content in the Hydro-Bi2Te3 sample, contributing to the formation of a resistive layer, thus lowering the electrical conductivity. Arrhenius plots of electrical conductivity vs inverse temperature was used for the estimation of the activation energy for conduction, revealing a higher activation energy need for the Hydro-Bi2Te3 film, in agreement with the resistive barrier oxide content. Both the samples exhibited negative Seebeck coefficient (S) in the order of 160–170 mV/K. The small difference in S of Hydro- and Themo-Bi2Te3 films was explained by the effective medium theory, revealing that the magnitude of S is linearly correlated with the surface oxide content. Based on the findings, TE materials synthesized through thermolysis route is recommended for further studies using soft treatment/processing of pre-made TE materials. EPD platform presented here is shown to clearly expose the differences in the electronic transport in connection to nanoparticle surface chemistry, proving a promising methodology for the evaluation of morphology, size and surface chemistry dependence of electronic transport for a wide range of materials.

  • 20.
    Batili, Hazal
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Hamawandi, Bejan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Ergül, Adem Björn
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Nanostructure Physics.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    On the electrophoretic deposition of Bi2Te3 nanoparticles through electrolyte optimization and substrate design2022In: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, ISSN 0927-7757, E-ISSN 1873-4359, Vol. 649, p. 129537-, article id 129537Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Assembly of thermoelectric nanostructures with pre-defined morphology and surface chemistry on solid sub-strates has been one of the challenges for in-plane TE devices. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has the potential to be used for this purpose, where the use of non-conductive substrates is required to enable a reliable evaluation of the transport property of electrically active films. Bi2Te3 nanoparticles, which were synthesized using microwave-assisted hydrothermal route, were used for the EPD of thermoelectric films on glass substrates. A special substrate was fabricated using maskless photolithography, to evaluate the electronic transport properties of the TE films without the interference of the substrate. Electrolyte composition was optimized for high mobility of the suspended nanoparticles, and Bi2Te3 EPD films were fabricated with a high deposition rate, reaching 10 mu m/min. Initial EPD films showed high resistivity, ascribed to the surface oxide layer and capping ligands. The resistance was significantly reduced by the addition of a dithiol molecular linker, capable of interconnecting the Bi2Te3 nanoparticles through ligand-exchange. Seebeck coefficient in the range-150 to-180 mu V/K was measured, revealing the transport through the deposited films. Finally, a power factor of 169 nW/K-2.m was estimated, revealing the potential for the application of this technology to large area TE films as active coatings using the developed EPD process.

  • 21.
    Batili, Hazal
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Hamawandi, Bejan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Ergül, Adem
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Szukiewicz, Rafal
    Kuchowicz, Maciej
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Electrophoretic Deposition and Characterization of Bi2Te3 Synthesized through Hydrothermal and Thermolysis RoutesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Bismuth telluride-Bi2Te3 is a promising material for harvesting thermal energyfor applications near room temperature, where large-area applications requirenew methods of depositing pre-made particulate materials. Electrophoretic deposition(EPD) technique has the promise of enabling the formation of thickfilms using colloidally stabilized suspensions of pre-made nanoparticles. It isvery important to understand the thermoelectric (TE) materials’ performancein relation to the synthetic process, to enable promising and scalable materialstechnologies. EPD films allow to study the effect of surface chemistry, stronglylinked to the synthetic route, on the material’s physico-chemical and transportproperties. Here we report on the synthesis of Bi2Te3 through wet-chemicalreactions performed in two different media as water (hydrothermal-Hydro) andoil (thermolysis-Thermo). Synthesized materials possess platelet morphology,which were then used to fabricated EPD films on specially developed glass substrates. Characterization of the materials and films reveal significant differencesbetween the surface chemistry of the EPD films of Hydro- and Thermo-Bi2Te3samples, where a higher content of metal oxide phases are observed in the Hydro-Bi2Te3 sample. This has a big impact the electronic transport properties, asrevealed by about nine times higher resistance, confirmed by significantly higheractivation energy, of the Hydro-Bi2Te3 film as compared to the Thermo-Bi2Te3film. Slight difference in the Seebeck coefficient (S) was explained by the effectivemedium theory, revealing that the magnitude of S is linearly correlatedwith the surface oxide content. Based on the findings, TE materials synthesizedthrough thermolysis route is recommended for future studies focusing on EPD of TE materials.

  • 22.
    Batili, Hazal
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Hamawandi, Bejan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Parsa, Parva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Ergül, Adem
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Szukiewicz, Rafal
    Univ Wroclaw, Inst Expt Phys, Maxa Borna 9, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland..
    Kuchowicz, Maciej
    Univ Wroclaw, Inst Expt Phys, Maxa Borna 9, PL-50204 Wroclaw, Poland..
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Electrophoretic assembly and electronic transport properties of rapidly synthesized Sb2Te3 nanoparticles2023In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 637, article id 157930Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With the recent advances in thermoelectric (TE) technology, there is an increasing demand to develop thick films that would enable large-scale TE devices. Assembly of TE-films from size and morphology-controlled nano particles has been a challenging issue that can be addressed by the use of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. In this work, morphology-controlled Sb2Te3 nanoparticles were synthesized through microwave assisted thermolysis, which were subsequently used for EPD of TE films on specially developed glass substrates. The electronic transport properties were measured in the temp-range of 22-45 degrees C. The as-made EPD films showed a high initial resistance, ascribed to high porosity and the presence of surface oxide/passivating layers. The impact of two types of small organic molecules-as hexanedithiol and dodecanethiol, on the electronic transport was investigated, resulting in a significant improvement in the electrical conductivity of the films. The XPS analysis suggests that the thiols bind to the surface of nanoparticles through formation of sulfides. Seebeck coefficient in the range of + 160 to + 190 & mu;V/K was measured, revealing the p-type transport through the deposited films. Finally, a power factor of about 2.5 & mu;W/K2.m was estimated the first time for p-type EPD films, revealing the potential of the developed nanoparticles and substrate, the small molecule additives and the EPD process presented in this work.

  • 23. Battiston, S.
    et al.
    Boldrini, S.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Famengo, A.
    Fiameni, S.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-ray Physics.
    Fabrizio, M.
    Influence of Al and Mg addition on thermoelectric properties of higher manganese silicides obtained by reactive sintering2017In: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, ISSN 1533-4880, E-ISSN 1533-4899, Vol. 17, no 3, p. 1668-1673Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Higher manganese silicides (HMS), represented by MnSix (x = 1.71-1.75), are promising p-type candidates for thermoelectric (TE) energy harvesting systems at intermediate temperature range. The materials are very attractive as they may replace lead based compounds due to their non-toxicity, low cost of starting materials, and high thermal and chemical stability. Dense pellets were obtained through fast reactive sintering by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The addition -or nanoinclusion, of Al and Mg permitted the figure of merit enhancement of the material obtained with this technique, reaching the highest value of 0.40 at 600°C. Morphology, composition and crystal structure of the samples were characterized by electron microscopies, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses, respectively.

  • 24. Battiston, S.
    et al.
    Fiameni, S.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Boldrini, S.
    Famengo, A.
    Agresti, F.
    Stingaciu, M.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Fabrizio, M.
    Barison, S.
    Synthesis and Characterization of Al-Doped Mg2Si Thermoelectric Materials2013In: Journal of Electronic Materials, ISSN 0361-5235, E-ISSN 1543-186X, Vol. 42, no 7, p. 1956-1959Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnesium silicide (Mg2Si)-based alloys are promising candidates for thermoelectric (TE) energy conversion for the middle to high range of temperature. These materials are very attractive for TE research because of the abundance of their constituent elements in the Earth's crust. Mg2Si could replace lead-based TE materials, due to its low cost, nontoxicity, and low density. In this work, the role of aluminum doping (Mg2Si:Al = 1:x for x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 molar ratio) in dense Mg2Si materials was investigated. The synthesis process was performed by planetary milling under inert atmosphere starting from commercial Mg2Si pieces and Al powder. After ball milling, the samples were sintered by means of spark plasma sintering to density > 95%. The morphology, composition, and crystal structure of the samples were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analyses. Moreover, Seebeck coefficient analyses, as well as electrical and thermal conductivity measurements were performed for all samples up to 600A degrees C. The resultant estimated ZT values are comparable to those reported in the literature for these materials. In particular, the maximum ZT achieved was 0.50 for the x = 0.01 Al-doped sample at 600A degrees C.

  • 25. Baykal, A.
    et al.
    Bitrak, N.
    Ünal, B.
    Kavas, H.
    Durmus, Z.
    Özden, S.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Polyol synthesis of (polyvinylpyrrolidone) PVP-Mn3O4 nanocomposite2010In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, ISSN 0925-8388, E-ISSN 1873-4669, Vol. 502, no 1, p. 199-205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the synthesis of (polyvinylpyrrolidone) PVP-Mn3O4 nanocomposite via a polyol route. Crystalline phase was identified as Mn3O4 and the crystallite size was obtained as 6 +/- 1 nm from X-ray line profile fitting. Average particle size of 6.1 +/- 0.1 nm obtained from TEM analysis reveals nearly single crystalline nature of these nanoparticles in the composite. The capping of PVP around Mn3O4 nanoparticles was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, the interaction being via bridging oxygens of the carbonyl (C=O) and the nanoparticle surface. T-C and T-B for PVP-Mn3O4 nanocomposite were observed at 42K and 28.5 K, respectively. The sample has hysteresis with small coercivity and remanent magnetization at 40K, resembling the superparamagnetic state. ac conductivity measurements on PVP-Mn3O4 nanocomposite revealed a conductivity in the order of 10(-7) S cm(-1) at lower frequencies. The conductivity change with respect to frequency can be explained by electronic exchange occurring between Mr(+2) and Mn+3 existing in sublattice of spinel lattice.

  • 26. Baykal, A.
    et al.
    Deligöz, H.
    Sozeri, H.
    Durmus, Z.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Triethylene Glycol Stabilized CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles2012In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, ISSN 1557-1939, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 1879-1892Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the synthesis and detailed composition, thermal, micro-structural, ac-dc conductivity performance and dielectric permittivity characterization of triethylene glycol (TREG) stabilized CoFe 2O 4 nanoparticles synthesized by polyol method. XRD analysis confirmed the inorganic phase as CoFe 2O 4 with high phase purity. Microstructure analysis with TEM revealed well separated, spherical nanoparticles in the order of 6 nm, which is also confirmed by X-ray line profile fitting. FT-IR analysis confirms that TREG is successfully coated on the surface of nanoparticles. Overall conductivity of nanocomposite is approximately two magnitudes lower than that of TREG with increase in temperature. The ac conductivity showed a temperature dependent behavior at low frequencies and temperature independent behavior at high frequencies which is an indication of ionic conductivity. The dc conductivity of the nanocomposites and pure TREG are found to obey the Ar- rhenius plot with dc activation energies of 0.258 eV and 0.132 eV, respectively. Analysis of dielectric permittivity functions suggests that ionic and polymer segmental motions are strongly coupled in the nanocomposite. TREG stabilized CoFe 2O 4 nanoparticles has lower ε and ε than that of pure TREG due to the doping of cobalt. As the temperature increases, the frequency at which (ε ) reaches a maximum shifted towards higher frequencies. On the other hand, the activation energy of TREG for relaxation process was found to be 0.952 eV which indicates the predominance of electronic conduction due to the chemical nature of TREG. Contrarily, no maximum peak of tan Ύ was observed for the nanocomposite due to the being out of temperature and frequency range applied in the study.

  • 27. Baykal, A.
    et al.
    Demir, M.
    Unal, B.
    Sozeri, H.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics.
    Synthesis, Characterization, and Dielectric Properties of BaFe10(Mn2+Zn2+Zn2+)O-19 Hexaferrite2016In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, ISSN 1557-1939, E-ISSN 1557-1947, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 199-205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Barium hexaferrite with nominal chemical composition BaMnZn2Fe10O19 has been synthesized by sol-gel method, using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a template. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used for approving the formation of barium hexaferrites. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to investigate the structural and morphological properties of BaM. The dielectric properties were studied by impedance measurements as a function of frequency (in the range 0.1 Hz-1 MHz). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of single-phase magnetoplumbite with crystallite size around 73 nm. The results of dielectric parameters and conductivity measurements showed three regions with different behaviors in electrical conduction mechanism.

  • 28. Baykal, A.
    et al.
    Durmus, Z.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Sozeri, H.
    Synthesis and characterization of PEG-Sr hexaferrite by sol-gel conversion2012In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, ISSN 1557-1939, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 2003-2008Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Sr-M-type hexagonal ferrites have been prepared via a sol-gel route, and the effects of addition of different molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the sol solutions on the static magnetic properties and particle morphology have been studied. Crystalline phases of the samples were determined by XRD analysis. FT-IR and TG analyses were used to prove the presence of PEG on SrFe12O19. The results showed that adding PEG with different molecular weight into the sol solutions affected the formation mechanism of SrFe12O19. Sr-M precursors prepared by various PEG types show different magnetic behaviors after precalcination at 150 degrees C. This discrepancy is explained by the formation of a different phase during the synthesis of SrM particles.

  • 29. Baykal, A
    et al.
    Gozel, G
    Kizilyalli, M
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Kniep, R
    X-RAY powder diffraction and IR study of calcium borophosphate, CaBPO52000In: Turkish Journal of Chemistry, ISSN 1010-7614, Vol. 24, no 4, p. 381-388Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, CaBPO5 was synthesized by different solid state reactions than reported before and its X-ray powder diffraction and IR data were reported. In one of these solid state reactions BPO4 was used as a phosphating agent. The examination of the X-ray powder diffraction data showed that this compound crystallized in a hexagonal system and the refilled unit cell parameters were a = 6.684, c = 6.616(2) Angstrom, with Z=3 as reported before. From the observed reflections, the space group was determined as P3(1)21, and its density was found to be 3.15 g/cc. The X-ray powder diffraction and IR data, which were in agreement with the reported crystal structure, are given tho first time in this work.

  • 30. Baykal, A.
    et al.
    Günay, M.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Sozeri, H.
    Effect of ionic liquids on the electrical and magnetic performance of polyaniline-nickel ferrite nanocomposite2013In: Materials research bulletin, ISSN 0025-5408, E-ISSN 1873-4227, Vol. 48, no 2, p. 378-382Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyaniline-NiFe2O4 nanofiber composites were successfully synthesized at the interface of water and ionic liquid via in situ polymerization using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. Both TG analysis and FT-IR measurements proved the presence of organic layer on the surface of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The influence of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide [BMIM]Br as ionic liquid on the structure, conductivity and magnetic property of polyaniline-NiFe2O 4-CTAB nanocomposite were studied in detail. The results show that imidazolium-based ionic liquids BMIMBr acts as an anchor agent for the formation of morphology in polyaniline-NiFe2O4-CTAB nanocomposite. Introduction of ionic liquids obviously improves the conductivity but weakens the magnetization of polyaniline-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite.

  • 31. Baykal, A
    et al.
    Kizilyalli, M
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Kniep, R
    Hydrothermal and microwave synthesis of boron phosphate, BPO42001In: Turkish Journal of Chemistry, ISSN 1010-7614, Vol. 25, no 4, p. 425-432Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BPO4 was previously synthesized by the solid state reactions of (NH4)(2)HPO4 and B2O3 at 1000 degreesC and was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and IR methods. We have now succeeded in preparing BPO4 from H3BO3 and P2O5 using hydrothermal synthesis by heating at 160 degreesC for 2 days and obtained a single phase product. We observed that a microwave-assisted synthesis takes only 3 to 5 minutes to transform a solid mixture of (NH4)(2)B4O7. 4H(2)O, and solid H3PO4 Or B2O3 + P2O5 into the crystalline title compound. Its X-ray powder diffraction data and IR spectra were in good agreement with the literature values.

  • 32. Baykal, A.
    et al.
    Senel, M.
    Unal, B.
    Karaoglu, E.
    Sozeri, H.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Acid Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Magnetite (MWCNT)-COOH/Fe3O4 Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization and Conductivity Evaluation2013In: Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, ISSN 1574-1443, Vol. 23, no 3, p. 726-735Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-COOH/Fe3O4 hybrid was fabricated by co-precipitation method. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were stably attached to the surface of carboxyl groups (COOH). The presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their surface conjugation to MWCNT have been confirmed by XRD, TEM and FT-IR techniques. Magnetic evaluation revealed a superparamagnetic character of the hybrid and therefore the attached Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The crystallite size (9 +/- A 3 nm), particle size (9 +/- A 2 nm) and magnetic domain size estimated for Fe3O4 are consistent with each other, which reveal the single crystalline character of the nanoparticles. Electrical conductivity and dielectric behavior have also been characterized by utilizing impedance spectroscopy up to 3 MHz for an isotherm line varying from 293 to 393 K by 10 K steps. Electrical characteristics and its complex dielectric approaches might be elucidated with the existence of a conventional tunneling conduction mechanism of temperature-independency. The AC conductivity of MWCNT-COOH/Fe3O4 hybrid could also be a consequence of the estimations of the universal dynamic response.

  • 33.
    Baykal, A.
    et al.
    Fatih Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Toprak, M. S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Durmus, Z.
    Fatih Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Senel, M.
    Fatih Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Sozeri, H.
    Natl Metrol Inst, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
    Demir, A.
    Fatih Univ, Istanbul, Turkey.
    Synthesis and Characterization of Dendrimer-Encapsulated Iron and Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles2012In: JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM, ISSN 1557-1939, Vol. 25, no 5, p. 1541-1549Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper, a series of iron (Fe) containing nanoparticles were prepared by employing PAMAM (Poly(amidoamine), dendrimers with different generations (G0-G3) as templates and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. The products have been characterized by TEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, TGA, and XPS. XRD analysis reveal low crystallinity of formed particles within the dendrimers, however, crystallinity of the nanoparticles was observed to increase with increasing generation of dendrimers. Dominant phases were determined as magnetite (Fe3O4 or maghemite, gamma-Fe2O3). XPS analysis revealed the chemical composition of nanoparticles as iron oxide which indicated the oxidation of Fe species subsequent to the reduction process, in agreement with XRD analysis. The magnetization curves have superparamagnetic nonhysteretic characteristic at lower fields and with nonsaturation characteristic at high fields. Magnetic evaluation of samples with the 20:1 molar ratio of Fe:PAMAM showed decreasing superparamagnetic character and decreasing saturation magnetisation with increasing generation of dendrimers.

  • 34. Baykal, A.
    et al.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Durmus, Z.
    Sozeri, H.
    Hydrothermal synthesis of SrFe 12O 19 and its characterization2012In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, ISSN 1557-1939, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 2081-2085Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have synthesized strontium hexaferrite particles in an alkaline medium using a hydrothermal process at 180°C. Crystalline phase of samples were determined by XRD and spectroscopic, morphological, and magnetic investigation of the sample were FT-IR, SEM, and TG analysis, respectively. XRD analysis revealed few impurity phases in the as-made powder; upon calcinations, the material is converted to desired hexaferrite phase. As synthesized powder exhibits agglomerates with rather smooth facets, in the form of thick platelets. Upon calcination, all these structures were observed to transfer to rod-like structures. The As calcined sample has high specific saturation magnetization (Ms ) values of 65 emu/g that is close to its theoretical value of 74.3 emu/g but the hydrothermally synthesized sample does not. This is in agreement with the observations from XRD analysis where few impurity phases observed in the as-made powder cause a weak magnetic response. Upon calcination, the material is converted to a desired hexaferrite phase with better magnetic properties.

  • 35. Baykal, Abdulhadi
    et al.
    Karaoglu, Ebubekir
    Sozeri, Huseyin
    Uysal, Emre
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Synthesis and Characterization of High Catalytic Activity Magnetic Fe3O4 Supported Pd Nanocatalyst2013In: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, ISSN 1557-1939, Vol. 26, no 1, p. 165-171Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study reports the fabrication and characterization of magnetically recyclable catalysts of Fe3O4-Pd nanocomposite as highly effective catalysts for reduction reactions in liquid phase. The characterization of Fe3O4-Pd MRCs were done by X-ray powder diffraction, A +/- nfrared spectroscopy, thermal analyzer, transmission electron spectroscopy, A +/- nductively coupled plasma, UV-Vis spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. The reduction of Pd2+ was accomplished with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of FeCI(3)a <...6H(2)O and FeCl(2)a <...4H(2)O. Thus formed Fe3O4-Pd MRCs showed a very high activity in reduction reactions of 4-nitro-aniline and 1,3-di-nitrobenzene in liquid phase. Magnetic character of this system allowed recovery and multiple use without significant loss of its catalytic activity.

  • 36. Baykal, Abdulhadi
    et al.
    Kasapoglu, Nermin
    Durmus, Zehra
    Kavas, Hueseyin
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Koeseoglu, Yueksel
    CTAB-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Characterization of NixCo1-xFe2O4 Nanoparticles (x=0.0, 0.6, 1.0)2009In: Turkish journal of chemistry, ISSN 1300-0527, E-ISSN 1303-6130, Vol. 33, no 1, p. 33-45Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nickel ferrite, NixCo1-xFe2O4, NPs (where x = 0.0, 0.6 and 1.0) were successfully synthesized by a rapid and reproducible CTAB-assisted hydrothermal route. The influence of different hydrolyzing agents on the particle size and magnetic behavior of NixCo1-xFe2O4 NPs was investigated. Particles showed very high phase purity and crystallinity in powder XRD analysis. Compositions of Co, Fe, and Ni in fabricated powders were also determined by AAS and results are in very good agreement with the targeted compositions. Samples hydrolyzed using NH3 showed no significant changes in the particle size and morphology. NH3 hydrolyzed samples were much smaller than their NaOH hydrolyzed counterparts, which was attributed to the strength and concentration of the hydrolyzing agents, NH3 being about 6 times more concentrated than NaOH. This in turn influenced the nucleation rate thus the size of each nucleus formed. Strong temperature and Ni concentration dependence of magnetic parameters was observed. These samples are considered as promising materials for high density magnetic recording media.

  • 37. Baykal, Abdulhadi
    et al.
    Kavas, Hueseyin
    Durmus, Zehra
    Demir, Mine
    Kazan, Sinan
    Topkaya, Ramazan
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Sonochemical synthesis and chracterization of Mn3O4 nanoparticles2010In: Central European Journal of Chemistry, ISSN 1895-1066, Vol. 8, no 3, p. 633-638Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using a novel sonochemical method without requiring any pH adjustment. Synthesized material was identified as tetragonal hausmannite crystal structure model of Mn3O4 from XRD analysis. Crystallite size was estimated from x-ray line profile fitting to be 17 +/- 5 nm. FTIR analysis revealed stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination confirming the crystal structure. TEM analysis revealed a dominantly cubic morphology of NPs with an average size of similar to 20 nm. Magnetic evaluation revealed a blocking temperature, T-B of 40 K above which the material behaves paramagnetic. Asymmetric coercive field is attributed to the interaction between ferromagnetic Mn3O4 and antiferromagnetic Mn oxide at the surface of nanoparticles.

  • 38. Bertini, L
    et al.
    Stiewe, C
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Williams, S
    Platzek, D
    Mrotzek, A
    Zhang, Y
    Gatti, C
    Muller, E
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Rowe, M
    Nanostructured Co1-xNixSb3 skutterudites: Synthesis, thermoelectric properties, and theoretical modeling2003In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 93, no 1, p. 438-447Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanostructured skutterudite Co1-xNixSb3 has been synthesized by chemical alloying with Ni substitution for Co up to 27.5 at. %. High concentration of grain boundaries provided by nanostructuring is expected to lower the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials and could thus increase their thermoelectric dimensionless figure-of-merit ZT. Material preparation comprises two key stages, coprecipitation of the precursor, and thermal processing to produce the skutterudite. By modeling the chemistry of the metal ions in aqueous solution, optimum coprecipitation conditions were achieved. The precipitated precursor consists of a solid solution of the different intermediate compounds, and exhibits high reactivity. Calcination and reduction of the precursor resulted in the alloying of these elements and in the formation of skutterudite at a temperature as low as 723-773 K. Unfilled CoSb3 skutterudites were prepared by chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions to achieve powders with a very small grain size (similar to40 nm). Compacted samples were produced from this powder by uniaxial pressing under various conditions. Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of the resulting compacts were measured in a temperature range from 150 to 575 K. Measurement procedures were standardized for absolute accuracy and reproducibility between the DLR, Cologne and NEDO, Cardiff Laboratories. It was found that the thermal conductivity can be decreased by almost an order of magnitude at the highest concentration of grain boundaries compared to highly annealed CoSb3. Scanning Seebeck microthermoprobe examination, facilitated spatially resolved measurement of Seebeck coefficient S, providing information on samples' homogeneity and on its effect on local S. Indications on the formation of an additional Ni containing phase were found. The electronic structure of Ni-doped skutterudites has been investigated by means of fully periodic density functional theory calculations and a topological analysis of the resulting electron densities. Ni substitution for Co doubles the electronic charge transfer from the pnicogen ring to the metal frame and fills the region of the CoSb3 band gap with occupied states, thus explaining the increase of electrical conductivity observed experimentally. The effect of the Ni substitution on the thermal conductivity is analyzed. The computed changes of the cell parameter with rising Ni content differ with those found by x-ray powder diffraction, thereby suggesting that the structural hypothesis of Ni replacing Co in the cubic frame of the skutterudite is only approximate or possibly incorrect.

  • 39. Bhattacharya, K.
    et al.
    El-Sayed, R.
    Andón, F. T.
    Mukherjee, S. P.
    Gregory, J.
    Li, H.
    Zhao, Yinchen
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Seo, W.
    Fornara, A.
    Brandner, B.
    Toprak, Muhammet Sadaka
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Leifer, K.
    Star, A.
    Fadeel, B.
    Lactoperoxidase-mediated degradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of pulmonary surfactant2015In: Carbon, ISSN 0008-6223, E-ISSN 1873-3891, Vol. 91, p. 506-517Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may elicit inflammatory responses following pulmonary exposure. Conversely, enzymatic biodegradation of CNTs by inflammatory cells has also been reported. The aim of this study was to study the degradation of oxidized single-walled CNTs (ox-SWCNTs) by lactoperoxidase (LPO), a secreted peroxidase present in the airways, and whether pulmonary surfactant affects this biodegradation. To this end, ox-SWCNTs were incubated in vitro with recombinant bovine LPO + H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> + NaSCN in the presence and absence of porcine lung surfactant (Curosurf®) and biodegradation was monitored using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The interaction of recombinant LPO with bundles of ox-SWCNTs was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Cell-free biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs was also observed ex vivo in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the presence of H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> + NaSCN. Our study provides evidence for biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs with a lung surfactant 'bio-corona' and expands the repertoire of mammalian peroxidases capable of biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs. These findings are relevant to inhalation exposure to these materials, as LPO serves as an important component of the airway defense system.

  • 40. Bhattacharya, Kunal
    et al.
    El-Sayed, Ramy
    Andon, Fernando T.
    Mukherjee, Sourav P.
    Gregory, Joshua
    Li, Hu
    Zhao, Yichen
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Seo, Wanji
    Fornara, Andrea
    Brandner, Birgit
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Leifer, Klaus
    Star, Alexander
    Fadeel, Bengt
    Lactoperoxidase-mediated degradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of pulmonary surfactant (vol 91, pg 506, 2015)2015In: Carbon, ISSN 0008-6223, E-ISSN 1873-3891, Vol. 95, p. 766-766Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41. Birsoz, B.
    et al.
    Baykal, A.
    Sozeri, H.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole-BaFe12O19 nanocomposite2010In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, ISSN 0925-8388, E-ISSN 1873-4669, Vol. 493, no 1-2, p. 481-485Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polypyrrole-BaFe12O19 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by an in situ polymerization of pyyrole in the presence of synthesized BaFe12O19 nanoparticles. Structural, morphological, electrical and magnetic properties of the nanocomposite were performed by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, TGA, VSM and ac conductivity measurements respectively. XRD analysis reveals the inorganic phase as bariumhexaferrite and TGA shows about 22 wt% loading of hexaferrite in the nanocomposite. FT-IR analysis indicates a successful conjugation of hexaferrite particles with polypyrrole. Magnetization measurements show that polypyrrole coating decreases the saturation magnetization of BaFe12O19 significantly. This reduction has been explained by the pinning of the surface spins by the possible adsorption of non-magnetic ions during the polymerization process. Interactions between the hard and impurity phases, determined using the Stoner-Wohlfarth theory, reveal that particles' single domain character and the coating destabilizes the remanence state of the polypyrrole-BaFe12O19 nanocomposite.

  • 42.
    Bitaraf Haghighi, Ehsan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Nikkam, Nader
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Behi, Mohammadreza
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Mirmohammadi, Seyed Aliakbar
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Poth, H.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Shelf stability of nanofluids and its effect on thermal conductivity and viscosity2013In: Measurement science and technology, ISSN 0957-0233, E-ISSN 1361-6501, Vol. 24, no 10, p. 105301-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study proposes a method and apparatus to estimate shelf stability of nanofluids. Nanofluids are fabricated by dispersion of solid nanoparticles in base fluids, and shelf stability is a key issue for many practical applications of these fluids. In this study, shelf stability is evaluated by measuring the weight of settled solid particles on a suspended tray in a colloid versus time and correlated with the performance change of some nanofluid systems. The effects of solid particle concentration and bath sonication time were investigated for selected nanofluids. The results show the applicability of this simple method and the apparatus to evaluate nanofluid shelf stability. Furthermore, it shows that Stokes' law is not valid for determining the settling time of the tested nanoparticles probably due to their complicated shape and presence of surface modifiers. The effect of shelf stability on thermal conductivity and viscosity was illustrated for some nanofluids. Experimental results show that water-based Al2O3 nanofluids have quite good shelf stability and can be good candidates for industrial applications.

  • 43.
    Bitaraf Haghighi, Ehsan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Nikkam, Nader
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Anwar, Zahid
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Lumbreras, Itziar
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology.
    Behi, Mohammadreza
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Mirmohammadi, Seyed A.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Poth, Heiko
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Palm, Björn
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Cooling performance of nanofluids in a small diameter tube2013In: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, ISSN 0894-1777, E-ISSN 1879-2286, Vol. 49, p. 114-122Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article reports convective single-phase heat transfer performance in laminar flow for some selected nanofluids (NFs) in an open small diameter test section. A 0.50 mm inner diameter, 30 cm long stainless steel test section was used for screening single phase laminar convective heat transfer with water and five different water based NFs. Tested NFs were; Al2O3 (two types), TiO2 (two types) and CeO2 (one type), all 9 wt.% particle concentration. The effective thermal conductivity of the NFs were measured with Transient Plane Source (TPS) method and viscosity were measured with a rotating coaxial cylindrical viscometer. The obtained experimental results for thermal conductivity were in good agreement with the predicted values from Maxwell equation. The local Shah correlation, which is conventionally used for predicting convective heat transfer in laminar flow in Newtonian fluids with constant heat flux boundary condition, was shown to be valid for NFs. Moreover, the Darcy correlation was used to predict the friction factor for the NFs as well as for water. Enhancement in heat transfer for NFs was observed, when compared at equal Reynolds number, as a result of higher velocity or mass flow rate of the NFs at any given Reynolds number due to higher viscosity for NFs. However, when compared at equal pumping power no or only minor enhancement was observed.

  • 44.
    Bitaraf Haghighi, Ehsan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Nikkam, Nader
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Ghadamgahi, Mersedeh
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Khodabandeh, Rahmatollah
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Palm, Björn E.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Measurement of temperature–dependent viscosity of nanofluids and its effect on pumping power in cooling systems2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nanofluids are engineered colloids of nanoparticlesdispersed homogenously in a base fluid, which theirthermophysical properties are changed by adding solidnanoparticles. Among the characteristic parameters,viscosity is one of the most important, as it directly affectsthe pumping power in cooling systems. In this study, theviscosity of water based Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2 (with 9wt%for all) nanofluids was measured and its impact on pressuredrop in a simple tubular pipe was estimated for bothlaminar and turbulent flow by classical correlations. Theeffect of temperature on the viscosity of these nanofluidswas also studied in the temperature range of 5˚C - 30˚C. Toassess the applicability of the classical correlations, pressuredrops across an open 30cm long, 0.50mm diameterstainless steel test section was measured for water andnanofluids by a differential pressure transducer. Theaverage viscosity increments compared to water in thetemperature range of 5˚C - 30˚C are 105%, 98% and 31% forAl2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2 nanofluids respectively. Moreover, theresults show that the viscosity of nanofluids decreases withthe increase of temperature; however the relative viscosity,which is defined as the viscosity ratio between a nanofluidand its base fluid is constant in 5˚C - 30˚C temperaturerange.

  • 45.
    Burks, Terrance
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Avila, Marta
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Akhtar, F.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Lansåker, P. C.
    Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Studies on the adsorption of chromium(VI) onto 3-Mercaptopropionic acid coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles2014In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 425, p. 36-43Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chromium (Cr) in the form of Cr(VI) is deemed toxic in water due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. For the successful removal of Cr(VI), we demonstrate a novel adsorbent consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) functionalized with 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the functionalization of nanoparticles and presence of sulfonate groups. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the functionalized adsorbent recovered 45 mg of Cr(VI)/g of 3-MPA coated SPION at initial concentration of 50 mg/L aqueous solution at pH 1 with less than 1% of Fe dissolution from SPION. The results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that Cr(VI) chemisorbed onto the adsorbent. Hence, the XPS spectra did not indicate any reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) upon adsorption. The adsorption data were better fitted for the Freundlich model. Moreover, the Cr(VI) adsorption kinetics on functionalized SPION followed a pseudo-second order rate, revealing chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The high Cr(VI) removal, rapid adsorption kinetics and stability of adsorbent indicate that 3-MPA coated SPION could be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI).

  • 46.
    Burks, Terrance
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Saleemi, Mohsin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Eita, Mohamed
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Removal of Chromium(VI) Using Surface Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles2013In: Separation science and technology (Print), ISSN 0149-6395, E-ISSN 1520-5754, Vol. 48, no 8, p. 1243-1251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study describes the removal of Chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions using surface tailored superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) coated with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex-301). The synthesized Cyanex-301 coated SPION has been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Photonic Spectroscopy (XPS), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The adsorption mechanism was proposed to be via complexation between the thiol group on Cyanex-301 and Cr(VI) ions based on the XPS and FTIR analysis. It has been found that the equilibrium can be attained in less than 2hr. The adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) on the Cyanex-301 coated SPION can be well described by the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) was estimated to be 30.8mg/g. The selectivity of the Cyanex-301 coated SPION adsorbent towards Cr(VI) ions was found to be high and the maximum loading capacity obtained is up to an order of magnitude higher than that of other adsorbents reported in the literature. The desorption studies showed that more than 70% of Cr(VI) can be recovered using HNO3 as eluting solution. Our findings suggest a high potential of the designed adsorbent material for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing Cr(VI).

  • 47. Christensen, M
    et al.
    Iversen, BB
    Bertini, L
    Gatti, C
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Nishibori, E
    Structural study of Fe doped and Ni substituted thermoelectric skutterudites by combined synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction and ab initio theory2004In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 96, no 6, p. 3148-3157Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present neutron and synchrotron powder-diffraction investigations as well as ab initio calculations to elucidate delicate structural features in doped skutterudites. Samples with assumed Fe doping were investigated (FeyCo4Sb12, y=0.4, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.6), as well as samples with formal Ni substitution (Co4-xNixSb12, x=0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2). The present study serves as a case story for the determination of fine structural details of thermoelectric skutterudites by diffraction methods in combination with ab initio calculations. We illustrate the problem of fluorescence in the conventional x-ray powder diffraction on the Fe-doped samples by a comparison with the neutron powder-diffraction data. On the series of the Ni-substituted samples, the neutron powder-diffraction data were collected to investigate the exact sitting of the Ni. The sample with the highest Ni substitution (Co2.8Ni1.2Sb12) was also used for high resolution, high-energy synchrotron powder diffraction measurements. These revealed that the sample consists of two skutterudite phases. A complete description of the Ni-substituted samples was obtained in tandem with ab initio calculations, which show that the system contains a Ni-rich (Co0.38Ni3.62Sb12) and a Ni-poor (Co3.76Ni0.24Sb12)) skutterudite phases.

  • 48. Costa, A. L.
    et al.
    Blosi, M.
    Brigliadori, A.
    Zanoni, I.
    Ortelli, S.
    Simeone, F. C.
    Delbue, S.
    D'Alessandro, S.
    Parapini, S.
    Vineis, C.
    Varesano, A.
    Toprak, Muhammet
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Hamawandi, Bejan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Gardini, D.
    Eco design for Ag-based solutions against SARS-CoV-2 and E. coli2022In: Environmental Science: Nano, ISSN 2051-8153, Vol. 9, no 11, p. 4295-4304Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For the first time, we exploited the antiviral and antibacterial properties of Ag NPs stabilised by quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose (Ag-HEC) against SARS-CoV-2 and Escherichia coli through an eco-friendly process at room temperature in three different environments: 1) water, where Ag was dispersed as a nanosol, 2) textiles, where Ag was applied as a coating, and 3) hydrogel where Ag is embedded. The antiviral performance of Ag-HEC nanosols was quantified through the selectivity index (SI), defined as the ratio between 50% cytotoxic and inhibitory concentration, in order to evaluate the ability to be active in a concentration range below the cytotoxicity value. The collected results pointed out an actual enhanced risk/benefit profile of Ag-HEC NPs with respect to chloroquine, with an SI of 22.2 and 8.4, respectively. Antibacterial and antiviral activities of Ag-HEC NPs immobilized on textiles or mucosa-like hydrogels were also assessed and their efficacy in potential application as protective clothing or nasal molecular masks was verified. This work demonstrated that a modern, safe and sustainable design allows traditional colloidal silver-based technologies to be efficiently exploited for a broad spectrum of antimicrobial solutions against bacterial and viral infections.

  • 49.
    Darab, Mahdi
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Syvertsen, Guttorm Ernst
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Nanoengineered BSCF Cathode Materials for Intermediate-Temperature Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells2009In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 156, no 8, p. K139-K143Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A recently reported promising cathode material for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), namely, BaxSr1-xCoyFe1-yO3-delta (BSCF) is fabricated in nanocrystalline form by a chemical alloying approach. The approach is comprised of solution chemical synthesis of a precursor and its thermochemical processing toward the desired phase. All the constituent elements, Ba, Sr, Co, and Fe, were coprecipitated from an aqueous solution of their salts to produce a precursor with a well-defined composition, fine particle size, high homogeneity, and high reactivity. After calcining and sintering at 1000 degrees C, the individual oxides were alloyed into nanostructured perovskite (with x=0.5 and y=0.2) Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8O3 of high purity. Spark plasma sintering was used for compaction to preserve the material's nanostructure, and sintered compacts demonstrated a significant increase in electrical conductivity values at temperatures up to 900 degrees C, compared to the earlier reports. The measured conductivity values are sufficiently high for cathode applications with a maximum of about 63 S cm(-1) at 430 degrees C in air and 25 S cm(-1) at 375 degrees C in N-2, respectively. These values are about twice as high as conventional BSCF mainly due to the reduction in interfacial resistance, implying a high promise for nanoengineered BSCF as cathode material at low or intermediate-temperature SOFCs.

  • 50. Deligoz, H.
    et al.
    Baykal, A.
    Senel, M.
    Sozeri, H.
    Karaoglu, E.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Synthesis and characterization of poly(1-vinyltriazole)-grafted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles2012In: Synthetic metals, ISSN 0379-6779, E-ISSN 1879-3290, Vol. 162, no 7-8, p. 590-597Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We reported on the synthesis and detailed physicochemical characterization of poly(1-vinyltriazole)-grafted iron oxide nanoparticles. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were fabricated by gel-to-crystalline conversion method. Telomerization of poly(1-vinyltriazole) on iron oxide nanoparticles was achieved via silanization process. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline phase as magnetite, and FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of PVTri on nanoparticles. Particle morphology was observed to be polygonic, due to the synthesis process, while average size estimated from TEM micrographs is 7 nm. Agreement between crystallite size estimated from XRD and particle size from TEM affirms single crystalline character of these nanoparticles. Dependence of conductivity on temperature showed a strong evidence for thermally activated polarization mechanism. Temperature and frequency dependence of dielectric permittivity revealed interfacial polarization and temperature-assisted-reorganization effects. Magnetic evaluation showed non-saturation and superparamagnetic characteristics of nanoparticles as well as magnetic particles being single domains.

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