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  • 1.
    Boutonnet, Magali
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Lögdberg, Sara
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Recent developments in the application of nanoparticles prepared from w/o microemulsions in heterogeneous catalysis2008In: Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, ISSN 1359-0294, E-ISSN 1879-0399, Vol. 13, no 4, p. 270-286Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper reviews the use of microemulsions, especially the water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions, for preparation of nanoparticles that are employed as catalyst components in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. The objective is to show the growing interest of using microemulsions in the preparation of different types of materials such as metals, single metal oxides or mixed metal oxides with a broad range of application in heterogeneous catalysis and also in electrocatalysis. In most cases, the catalytic material showed improved catalytic properties as a result of the special synthesis environment created by the microemulsions. Still, research is needed for a better understanding of such beneficial effects. In addition, this method needs improvements in order to produce, in an environmentally friendly way, a suitable amount of material for use in industrial-scale catalytic processes.

  • 2.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Nanomaterials for high-temperature catalytic combustion2007Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Catalytic combustion is a promising technology for power applications, especially gas turbines. By using catalytic combustion ultra low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) can be reached simultaneously, which is very difficult with conventional combustion technologies. Besides achieving low emission levels, catalytic combustion can stabilize the combustion and thereby be used to obtain stable combustion with low heating-value gases. This thesis is focused on the high temperature part of the catalytic combustor. The level of performance demanded on this part has been proven hard to achieve. In order to make the catalytic combustor an alternative to the conventional flame combustor, more stable catalysts with higher activity have to be developed.

    The objective of this work was to develop catalysts with higher activity and stability, suitable for the high-temperature part of a catalytic combustor fueled by natural gas. A microemulsion-based preparation method was developed for this purpose in an attempt to increase the stability and activity of the catalysts. Supports known for their stability, magnesia and hexaaluminate, were prepared using the new method. The microemulsion method was also used to impregnate the prepared material with the more active materials perovskite (LaMnO3) and ceria (CeO2). It was shown that the microemulsion method could be used to prepare catalysts with better activity compared to the conventional methods. Furthermore, by using the microemulsion to apply active materials onto the support a significantly higher activity was obtained than when using conventional impregnation techniques.

    Since the catalysts will operate in the catalytic combustor for extended periods of time under harsh conditions, an aging study was performed. One of the most stable catalysts reported in the literature, LMHA (manganese-substituted lanthanum hexaaluminate), was included in the study for comparison purposes. The results show that LMHA deactivated much more strongly compared to several of the catalysts consisting of ceria supported on lanthanum hexaaluminate prepared by the developed microemulsion method.

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  • 3.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Nanotemplated High-Temperature Materials for Catalytic Combustion2008Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Catalytic combustion is a promising technology for heat and power applications, especially gas turbines. By using catalytic combustion ultra low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) can be reached simultaneously, which is very difficult with conventional combustion technologies. Besides achieving low emission levels, catalytic combustion can stabilize the combustion and thereby be used to obtain stable combustion with low heating-value gases. This thesis is focused on the high-temperature part of the catalytic combustor. The level of performance demanded on this part has proven hard to achieve. In order to make the catalytic combustor an alternative to the conventional flame combustor, more stable catalysts with higher activity have to be developed.

    The objective of this work was to develop catalysts with higher activity and stability, suitable for the high-temperature part of a catalytic combustor fueled by natural gas. Two template-based preparation methods were developed for this purpose. One method was based on soft templates (microemulsion) and the other on hard templates (carbon). Supports known for their stability, magnesia and hexaaluminate, were prepared using the developed methods. Catalytically active materials, perovskite (LaMnO3) and ceria (CeO2), were added to the supports in order to obtain catalysts with high activities and stabilities. The supports were impregnated with active materials by using a conventional technique as well as by using the microemulsion technique.

    It was shown that the microemulsion method can be used to prepare catalysts with higher activity compared to the conventional methods. Furthermore, by using a microemulsion to apply active materials onto the support a significantly higher activity was obtained than when using the conventional impregnation technique. Since the catalysts will operate in the catalytic combustor for extended periods of time under harsh conditions, an aging study was performed on selected catalysts prepared by the microemulsion technique. The stability of the catalysts was assessed by measuring the activity before and after aging at 1000 C in humid air for 100 h. One of the most stable catalysts reported in the literature, LMHA (manganese-substituted lanthanum hexaaluminate), was included in the study for comparative purposes. The results showed that LMHA deactivated much more strongly compared to several of the catalysts consisting of ceria supported on lanthanum hexaaluminate prepared by the developed microemulsion method.

    Carbon templating was shown be a very good technique for the preparation of high-surface-area hexaaluminates with excellent sintering resistance. It was found that the pore size distribution of the carbon used as template was a crucial parameter in the preparation of hexaaluminates. When a carbon with small pores was used as template, the formation of the hexaaluminate crystals was strongly inhibited. This resulted in a material with poor sintering resistance. On the other hand, if a carbon with larger pores was used as template, it was possible to prepare materials with hexaaluminate as the major phase. These materials were, after accelerated aging at 1400 C in humid air, shown to retain surface areas twice as high as reported for conventionally prepared materials.

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  • 4.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Boutonnet, Magali
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Järås, Sven
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    High-surface-area lanthanum hexaaluminates by carbon templatingArticle in journal (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Boutonnet, Magali
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Järås, Sven
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Preparation of hexaaluminate2008Patent (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    A method for preparing a hexaaluminate. The method comprises the steps of a) providing a porous template material, wherein pores having a pore size of about 5-200 nm form at least about 50% of the total pore volume; b) impregnating the material with a liquid comprising metal elements corresponding to the elements of said hexaaluminate to provide an impregnated material; c) drying the impregnated material to provide a dried material; d) optionally, repeating at least once step b), using the dried material, and step c); e) calcining the dried material in an inert atmosphere to provide a calcined material; and f) recovering the hexaaluminate by removing template material from the calcined material. A composition obtainable by such a method. A catalyst composition comprising a hexaaluminate, wherein the composition has an average surface area of at least about 9 m2/g after ageing of the composition in a moist high-temperature atmosphere. A supported catalyst comprising such a composition. Use of such a composition as a catalyst in a high-temperature application.

  • 6.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Boutonnet, Magali
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Järås, Sven
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Stability of hexaaluminate-based catalysts for high-temperature catalytic combustion of methane2008In: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, ISSN 0926-3373, E-ISSN 1873-3883, Vol. 84, no 1-2, p. 241-250Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lanthanum hexaaluminate with a nominal composition of LaAl11O18 Was used to support 20 wt.% of LaMnO3 and CeO2. LaAl11O18 was prepared through co-precipitation of metal nitrates within the water phase of an isooctane/CFAB/1-butanol microemulsion. The stabilities of the prepared catalysts were assessed by measuring the activities for combustion of methane before and after aging at 1000 degrees C for 100h in air with 10 vol.% H2O. The activities were compared with LaMnAl11O19, due to its well-documented stability. It was shown that by using hydrothermal treatment of the microemulsion, a significantly higher surface area was obtained for the LaAl11O18. For LaMnO3, the reference support (Al2O3) was shown to be superior to LaAl11O18 as support, both in terms of activity and stability. Reactions between LaMnO3 and support were observed for all supports included in the study. For CeO2, LaAl11O18 was superior to Al2O3 as support. Deactivations of the CeO2 catalysts were linked to crystal growth of CeO2. LMHA deactivated strongly during aging; LaMnO3 on Al2O3 and several of the catalysts with CeO2 supported on LaAl11O18 showed a much more stable behavior.

  • 7.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Boutonnet, Magali
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Järås, Sven
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Synthesis of barium hexaaluminate by co-precipitation in microemulsionIn: Materials Chemistry and Physics, ISSN 0254-0584, E-ISSN 1879-3312Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Lualdi, Matteo
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Boutonnet, Magali
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Järås, Sven
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Catalytic combustion of methane over perovskite supported on lanthanum hexaaluminate prepared through the microemulsion method2007In: Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, ISSN 0167-2991, Vol. 172, p. 465-468Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Elm Svensson, Erik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Nassos, Stylianos
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Boutonnet, Magali
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Järås, Sven
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Microemulsion synthesis of MgO-supported LaMnO3 for catalytic combustion of methane2006In: Catalysis Today, ISSN 0920-5861, E-ISSN 1873-4308, Vol. 117, no 4, p. 484-490Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Catalysts with 20% LaMnO3 supported on MgO have been prepared via CTAB-1-butanol-iso-octane-nitrate salt microemulsion. The preparation method was successfully varied in order to obtain different degrees of interaction between LaMnO3 and MgO as shown by TPR and activity tests after calcination at 900 degrees C. Activity was tested on structured catalysts with 1.5% CH4 in air as test gas giving a GHSV of 100,000 h(-1). The activity was greatly enhanced by supporting LaMnO3 on MgO compared with the bulk LaMnO3. After calcination at 1100 degrees C both the surface area and TPR profiles were similar, indicating that the preparation method is of little importance at this high temperature due to interaction between the phases. Pure LaMmO(3) and MgO were prepared using the same microemulsion method for comparison purposes. Pure MgO showed an impressive thermal stability with a BET surface area exceeding 30 m(2)/g after calcination at 1300 degrees C. The method used to prepare pure LaMnO3 appeared not to be suitable since the surface area dropped to 1.1 m(2)/g already after calcination in 900 degrees C.

  • 10.
    Nassos, Stylianos
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Svensson, Erik Elm
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Nilsson, M.
    Järås, Sven G.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology, Chemical Technology.
    Microemulsion-prepared Ni catalysts supported on cerium-lanthanum oxide for the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia in gasified biomass2006In: Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, ISSN 0926-3373, E-ISSN 1873-3883, Vol. 64, no 02-jan, p. 96-102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Nickel (Ni) catalysts supported on cerium-lanthanum oxide were prepared by two different preparation techniques and have been tested in the temperature range of 500-750 degrees C for selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen in gasified biomass. The two different catalyst preparation methods used are the conventional and the microemulsion (water-in-oil). The effect on catalytic activity of different Ni loadings was also tested in combination with the preparation method. Catalyst characterisation was focused on BET and XRD analysis. Cordierite monoliths were used in a tubular quartz reactor for the purpose of the activity tests. For simulating the gasified biomass fuel, 400 ppm NH3 was added to the fuel. Water was also present during the activity tests, which were carried out at fuel rich conditions. Results showed that the microemulsion-prepared catalysts obtained higher performance than the conventional ones, with the best catalyst reaching 98% ammonia conversion and 99% nitrogen selectivity at 750 degrees C. The more the Ni supported on the catalyst, the higher the catalytic activity. Constant conversion and negligible carbon deposition were two other important characteristics for the microemulsion-prepared catalysts.

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