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  • 1.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Olafsson, S.
    Gislason, H. P.
    Karlsson, Ulf O.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Influence of initial surface reconstruction on nitridation of Al2O3 (0001) using low pressure ammonia2007In: Journal of Applied Physics, ISSN 0021-8979, E-ISSN 1089-7550, Vol. 101, no 1, p. 013519-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of initial surface reconstruction on the nitridation process of Al2O3 (0001). This was done by exposing differently reconstructed sapphire substrates at different temperatures to low pressure ammonia (NH3). Structural and chemical analysis were carried out using low-electron energy diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experiments revealed that using low pressure ammonia (P-NH3 < 1 X 10(-5) Torr), no nitridation takes place on (1x1) unreconstructed surfaces. However, when the unreconstructed surface starts to change to a (root 31 x root 31) R +/- 9 degrees reconstructed surface, with increasing substrate temperature, the nitridation becomes successful. When using the initially reconstructed surface, the nitridation is successful even from the lowest temperature used. These results suggest that the initial surface reconstruction has a major effect on the nitridation process. This kinetic behavior has not been reported before, with most nitridation studies mainly focusing on the effect of surface temperature on the resulting surface morphology, rather than the actual kinetics of the process itself.

  • 2.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Qi, B.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Olafsson, S.
    Gislason, H. P.
    The effect of hard nitridation on Al(2)O(3) using a radio frequency operated plasma cell2011In: Thin Solid Films, ISSN 0040-6090, E-ISSN 1879-2731, Vol. 519, no 22, p. 7796-7802Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on an atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigation of hard nitridation of sapphire (alpha.-Al(2)O(3)) substrate, using an Epi UNI-Bulb RF plasma cell at substrate temperatures ranging from 250 to 600 degrees C. Our results show that an AlN(1-x)O(x) layer forms on sapphire after extended nitridation at all temperatures, following a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode, with less islands forming at higher temperatures. We also observe a layer-dependent charging shift in XPS, separating smooth AlN(1-x)O(x) layers from rough AlN(1-x)O(x) islands due to their different electronic coupling to the substrate. Although the island growth is suppressed at higher temperatures, the surface roughness increases at higher temperatures as seen by AFM. We also observe sputtering effects with protrusions and pits.

  • 3.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Qi, B.
    Szamota-Leandersson, Karolina
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Olafsson, S.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Investigation on the role of indium in the removal of metallic gallium from soft and hard sputtered GaN (0001) surfaces2009In: Thin Solid Films, ISSN 0040-6090, E-ISSN 1879-2731, Vol. 517, no 21, p. 6023-6026Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cleaning of GaN by argon sputtering and subsequent annealing introduces metallic gallium on the GaN surface. Once formed, this metallic gallium can be difficult to remove. it has a strong influence on the Fermi level position in the band gap and poses a problem for subsequent epitaxial growth on the surface. We present a method of removing metallic gallium from moderately damaged GaN surfaces by deposition of indium, and formation of an In-Ga alloy that can be desorbed by annealing at similar to 550 degrees C. After the In-Ga alloy has desorbed, photoemission spectra show that the Ga3d bulk component becomes narrower indicating a smoother and more homogeneous surface. This is also reflected in a sharper low energy electron diffraction pattern. On heavily damaged GaN surfaces, caused by hard sputtering, larger amount of metallic gallium forms after annealing at 600 degrees C. This gallium readily alloys with deposited indium, but the alloy does not desorb until a temperature of 840 degrees C is reached and even then, traces of both indium and metallic gallium could be found on the surface.

  • 4. Ahlund, John
    et al.
    Nilson, Katharina
    Palmgren, Pål
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Gothelid, Emmanuelle
    Schiessling, Joachim
    Göthelid, Mats
    Martensson, Nils
    Puglia, Carla
    Molecular growth determined by surface domain patterns2008In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 112, no 17, p. 6887-6890Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The growth of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) on InSb(001) c(8 x 2) at submonolayer coverage has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). FePc adsorbs flat centered on the In rows both at 70 K and at room temperature (RT). However, the shapes of the two-dimensional molecular islands are fundamentally different; while the RT growth results in chainlike structures along the [I 10] direction, as already observed for other Pc's adsorbed on the same surface, the islands are prolonged along [110], i.e., perpendicular to the substrate rows, at 70 K. These observations are explained on the basis of a recently observed new surface phase at low temperature, resulting in structural domains on the surface. The molecular growth front follows the propagating domain boundary that freezes at low temperature.

  • 5.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    Bidermane, Ieva
    Wojek, Bastian M.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Site-dependent charge transfer at the Pt(111)-ZnPc interface and the effect of iodine2014In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 140, no 17, p. 174702-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The electronic structure of ZnPc, from sub-monolayers to thick films, on bare and iodated Pt(111) is studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. Our results suggest that at low coverage ZnPc lies almost parallel to the Pt(111) substrate, in a non-planar configuration induced by Zn-Pt attraction, leading to an inhomogeneous charge distribution within the molecule and an inhomogeneous charge transfer to the molecule. ZnPc does not form a complete monolayer on the Pt surface, due to a surface-mediated intermolecular repulsion. At higher coverage ZnPc adopts a tilted geometry, due to a reduced molecule-substrate interaction. Our photoemission results illustrate that ZnPc is practically decoupled from Pt, already from the second layer. Pre-deposition of iodine on Pt hinders the Zn-Pt attraction, leading to a non-distorted first layer ZnPc in contact with Pt(111)-I(root 3x root 3) or Pt(111)-I(root 7x root 7), and a more homogeneous charge distribution and charge transfer at the interface. On increased ZnPc thickness iodine is dissolved in the organic film where it acts as an electron acceptor dopant.

  • 6.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    Bidermane, Leva
    Wojek, Bastian M.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Effect of the iodineon the site-dependent charge transfer at the Pt(111)-ZnPc interfaceManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Bidermane, Leva
    Noël, Quentin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Dissociative bonding of 4-tert-butyl pyridine to Pt(111) and surface passivation by iodineManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Shariati, M. Nina
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Molecular layers of ZnPc and FePc on Au(111) surface: Charge transfer and chemical interaction2012In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 137, no 8, p. 084705-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and iron phthalocyanine (FePc) thick films and monolayers on Au(111) using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both molecules are adsorbed flat on the surface at monolayer. ZnPc keeps this orientation in all investigated coverages, whereas FePc molecules stand up in the thick film. The stronger inter-molecular interaction of FePc molecules leads to change of orientation, as well as higher conductivity in FePc layer in comparison with ZnPc, which is reflected in thickness-dependent differences in core-level shifts. Work function changes indicate that both molecules donate charge to Au; through the pi-system. However, the Fe3d derived lowest unoccupied molecular orbital receives charge from the substrate when forming an interface state at the Fermi level. Thus, the central atom plays an important role in mediating the charge, but the charge transfer as a whole is a balance between the two different charge transfer channels; pi-system and the central atom.

  • 9.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Reduced Au-MPc hole injection barrier by an intermediate iodine layerManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Zuleta, Marcelo
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Palmgren, Pål
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Charge transfer and band bending on TiO2(110)-MgPcManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 11.
    Al Soubaihi, Rola Mohammad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Saoud, Khaled Mohammad
    Virginia Commonwealth Univ Qatar, Liberal Arts & Sci Program, Doha, Qatar..
    Myint, Myo Tay Zar
    Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Phys, POB 36, Muscat 123, Oman..
    Göthelid, Mats A.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    CO Oxidation Efficiency and Hysteresis Behavior over Mesoporous Pd/SiO2 Catalyst2021In: Catalysts, E-ISSN 2073-4344, Vol. 11, no 1, article id 131Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation is considered an important reaction in heterogeneous industrial catalysis and has been extensively studied. Pd supported on SiO2 aerogel catalysts exhibit good catalytic activity toward this reaction owing to their CO bond activation capability and thermal stability. Pd/SiO2 catalysts were investigated using carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation as a model reaction. The catalyst becomes active, and the conversion increases after the temperature reaches the ignition temperature (T-ig). A normal hysteresis in carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation has been observed, where the catalysts continue to exhibit high catalytic activity (CO conversion remains at 100%) during the extinction even at temperatures lower than T-ig. The catalyst was characterized using BET, TEM, XPS, TGA-DSC, and FTIR. In this work, the influence of pretreatment conditions and stability of the active sites on the catalytic activity and hysteresis is presented. The CO oxidation on the Pd/SiO2 catalyst has been attributed to the dissociative adsorption of molecular oxygen and the activation of the C-O bond, followed by diffusion of adsorbates at T-ig to form CO2. Whereas, the hysteresis has been explained by the enhanced stability of the active site caused by thermal effects, pretreatment conditions, Pd-SiO2 support interaction, and PdO formation and decomposition.

  • 12.
    Avila, Marta
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Burks, Terrance
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Akhtar, F.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Universtiy, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Lansåker, P. C.
    Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Surface functionalized nanofibers for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions2014In: Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN 1385-8947, E-ISSN 1873-3212, Vol. 245, p. 201-209Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers functionalized with amine groups (PAN-NH2) were prepared using a simple one-step reaction route. The PAN-NH2 nanofibers were investigated for the removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption and the kinetic characteristics were evaluated in batch process. The adsorption process showed pH dependence and the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption occurred at pH = 2. The Langmuir adsorption model described well the experimental adsorption data and estimated a maximum loading capacity of 156 mg/g, which is a markedly high value compared to other adsorbents reported. The kinetics studies indicated that the equilibrium was attained after 90 min and the experimental data followed a pseudo-second order model suggesting a chemisorption process as the rate limiting step. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) species on PAN-NH2 was facilitated through both electrostatic attraction and surface complexation. High desorption efficiency (> 90%) of Cr(VI) was achieved using diluted base solutions that may allow the reuse of PAN-NH2 nanofibers.

  • 13.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Alvarez-Asencio, Ruben
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Tian, H.
    Yu, S.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    In-situ evaluation of dye adsorption on TiO2 using QCM2017In: EPJ Photovoltaics, ISSN 2105-0716, Vol. 8, article id 80401Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We measured the adsorption characteristics of two organic dyes; triphenylamine-cyanoacrylic acid (TPA-C) and phenoxazine (MP13), on TiO2, directly in a solution based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Monitoring the adsorbed amount as a function of dye concentration and during rinsing allows determination of the equilibrium constant and distinction between chemisorbed and physisorbed dye. The measured equilibrium constants are 0.8 mM(-1) for TPA-C and 2.4 mM(-1) for MP13. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to compare dried chemisorbed layers of TPA-C prepared in solution with TPA-C layers prepared via vacuum sublimation; the two preparation methods render similar spectra except a small contribution of water residues (OH) on the solution prepared samples. Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping Atomic Force Microscopy (QNM-AFM) shows that physisorbed TPA-C layers are easily removed by scanning the tip across the surface. Although not obvious in height images, adhesion images clearly demonstrate removal of the dye.

  • 14.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ghadami Yazdi, Milad
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Wakeham, Deborah
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Johnson, Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Sweden.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Grönbeck, Henrik
    Se-C Cleavage of Hexane Selenol at Steps on Au(111)2018In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 34, no 8, p. 2630-2636Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Selenols are considered as an alternative to thiols in self-assembled monolayers, but the Se-C bond is one limiting factor for their usefulness. In this study, we address the stability of the Se-C bond by a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of gas phase-deposited hexane selenol (CH3(CH2)(5)SeH) on Au(111) using photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory (DFT). Experimentally, we find that initial adsorption leaves atomic Se on the surface without any carbon left on the surface, whereas further adsorption generates a saturated selenolate layer. The Se 3d component from atomic Se appears at 0.85 eV lower binding energy than the selenolate-related component. DFT calculations show that the most stable structure of selenols on Au(111) is in the form of RSe-Au-SeR complexes adsorbed on the unreconstructed Au(111) surface. This is similar to thiols on Au(111). Calculated Se 3d core-level shifts between elemental Se and selenolate in this structure nicely reproduce the experimentally recorded shifts. Dissociation of RSeH and subsequent formation of RH are found to proceed with high barriers on defect-free Au(111) terraces, with the highest barrier for scissoring R-Se. However, at steps, these barriers are considerably lower, allowing for Se-C bond breaking and hexane desorption, leaving elemental Se at the surface. Hexane is the selenol to selenolate formed by replacing the Se-C bond with a H-C bond by using the hydrogen liberated from transformation.

  • 15.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Alvarez Asencio, Ruben.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Tian, Haining
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Yu, Shun
    In-situ evaluation of dye adsorption on TiO2 using QCMManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 16.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Soldemo, Markus
    Halldin Stenlid, Joakim
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Önsten, Anneli
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    Brinck, Tore
    Dehydrogenation of methanol on Cu2O(100) and (111)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 17.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Wakeham, Deborah
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Ghadami Yazdi, Milad
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Se-C cleavage of hexane selenol at steps on Au(111)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Halldin Stenlid, Joakim
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Marks, Kess
    Önsten, Anneli
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Johnson, Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Öström, Henrik
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Brinck, Tore
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Dehydrogenation of methanol on Cu2O(100) and (111)2017In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 146, no 24Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adsorption and desorption of methanol on the (111) and (100) surfaces of  Cu2O have been studied using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy in the temperature range 120–620 K, in combination with density functional theorycalculations and sum frequency generation spectroscopy. The bare (100) surfaceexhibits a (3,0; 1,1) reconstruction but restructures during the adsorption process into a Cu-dimer geometry stabilized by methoxy and hydrogen binding in Cu-bridge sites. During the restructuring process, oxygen atoms from the bulk that can host hydrogen appear on the surface. Heating transforms methoxy to formaldehyde, but further dehydrogenation is limited by the stability of the surface and the limited access to surface oxygen. The (√3 × √3)R30°-reconstructed (111) surface is based on ordered surface oxygen and copper ions and vacancies, which offers a palette of adsorption and reaction sites. Already at 140 K, a mixed layer of methoxy, formaldehyde, and CHxOy is formed. Heating to room temperature leaves OCH and CHx. Thus both CH-bond breaking and CO-scission are active on this  surface at low temperature. The higher ability to dehydrogenate methanol on (111) compared to (100) is explained by the multitude of adsorption sites and, in particular, the availability of surfaceoxygen.

  • 19.
    Besharat, Zahra
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Wakeham, Deborah
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Odnevall Wallinder, Inger
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Mixed monolayers of alkane thiols with polar terminal group on gold: Investigation of structure dependent surface properties2016In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 484, no 279, p. 279-290, article id j.jcis.2016.08.053Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adsorption of thiols with cationic or anionic terminal group on gold has been studied from mixed solutions of 11-Amino-1-undecanethiol (AUT) and 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) using Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angles. The goal is to probe the nature of such layers, and the additivity or otherwise of the pH responsiveness, with a view to evaluate their suitability as smart materials. For each of the two pure (unmixed) cases, ordered molecular monolayers are formed with sulfur binding to gold and the alkane chain pointing out from the surface as expected. Adsorption from the thiol mixtures, however, leads to a more complex behaviour. The surface concentration of thiols from the mixtures, as determined by QCM-D, is considerably lower than for the pure cases and it reaches a minimum at a 3:1 MPA/AUT relative concentration in the solution. The XPS results confirm a reduction in adsorbed amount in mixtures with the lowest overall intensity for the 3:1 ratio. Monolayers formed from mixtures display a wettability which is much lower and less pH sensitive. Collectively these results confirm that for adsorption from mixed systems, the configuration is completely different. Complex formation in the mixed solutions leads to the adsorption of molecules parallel to the surface in an axially in-plane configuration. This parallel layer of thiols is mechanically relatively robust to nano-shaving based on AFM measurements. These results will have a significant impact on the design of biomimetic surface coatings particularly when mixtures of oppositely charged molecules are present on the surface, as is commonly the case in biological, proteinaceous surfaces (e.g. hair and skin).

  • 20.
    Brena, Barbara
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Palmgren, Pål
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Nilson, Katharina
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Hennies, F.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Agnarsson, Björn
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Önsten, Anneli
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Månsson, Martin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    InSb-TiOPc interfaces: Band alignment, ordering and structure dependent HOMO splitting2009In: Surface Science, ISSN 0039-6028, E-ISSN 1879-2758, Vol. 603, no 20, p. 3160-3169Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Thin films of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) have been adsorbed on InSb(1 1 1) (3 x 3) and InSb(1 0 0) c(8 x 2) surfaces and studied with respect to their electronic structure using photoemission (PES), density functional theory (DFT) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The interface chemical interaction is weak in both cases; no adsorbate induced surface band bending is observed and the energy level alignment across the interface is determined by the original position of the substrate Fermi level and the charge neutrality level of the molecule. Room temperature adsorption results in disordered films on both surfaces. The behaviors after annealing are different; on InSb(1 0 0) well-ordered molecular chains form along and on top of the In-rows, whereas on (1 1 1) no long range order is observed. The disorder leads to intermolecular interactions between the titanyl group and neighboring benzene rings leading to a split of TiOPc HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) by as much as 0.8 eV.

  • 21.
    Burks, Terrance
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Avila, Marta
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Akhtar, F.
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Lansåker, P. C.
    Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Toprak, Muhammet S.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Muhammed, Mamoun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Uheida, Abdusalam
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Functional Materials, FNM.
    Studies on the adsorption of chromium(VI) onto 3-Mercaptopropionic acid coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles2014In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 425, p. 36-43Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chromium (Cr) in the form of Cr(VI) is deemed toxic in water due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. For the successful removal of Cr(VI), we demonstrate a novel adsorbent consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) functionalized with 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the functionalization of nanoparticles and presence of sulfonate groups. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the functionalized adsorbent recovered 45 mg of Cr(VI)/g of 3-MPA coated SPION at initial concentration of 50 mg/L aqueous solution at pH 1 with less than 1% of Fe dissolution from SPION. The results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that Cr(VI) chemisorbed onto the adsorbent. Hence, the XPS spectra did not indicate any reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) upon adsorption. The adsorption data were better fitted for the Freundlich model. Moreover, the Cr(VI) adsorption kinetics on functionalized SPION followed a pseudo-second order rate, revealing chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. The high Cr(VI) removal, rapid adsorption kinetics and stability of adsorbent indicate that 3-MPA coated SPION could be an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI).

  • 22. Castleton, C. W. M.
    et al.
    Höglund, A.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Qian, M. C.
    Mirbt, S.
    Hydrogen on III-V (110) surfaces: Charge accumulation and STM signatures2013In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 88, no 4, p. 045319-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The behavior of hydrogen on the 110 surfaces of III-V semiconductors is examined using ab initio density functional theory. It is confirmed that adsorbed hydrogen should lead to a charge accumulation layer in the case of InAs, but shown here that it should not do so for other related III-V semiconductors. It is shown that the hydrogen levels due to surface adsorbed hydrogen behave in a material dependent manner related to the ionicity of the material, and hence do not line up in the universal manner reported by others for hydrogen in the bulk of semiconductors and insulators. This fact, combined with the unusually deep Gamma point conduction band well of InAs, accounts for the occurrence of an accumulation layer on InAs(110) but not elsewhere. Furthermore, it is shown that adsorbed hydrogen should be extremely hard to distinguish from native defects (particularly vacancies) using scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy, on both InAs(110) and other III-V (110) surfaces.

  • 23. Das, B.
    et al.
    Toledo-Carrillo, Esteban Alejandro
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Li, L.
    Fei, Ye
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Chen, J.
    Slabon, A.
    Verho, O.
    Eriksson, L.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Åkermark, B.
    Cobalt Electrocatalyst on Fluorine Doped Carbon Cloth – a Robust and Partially Regenerable Anode for Water Oxidation2022In: ChemCatChem, ISSN 1867-3880, E-ISSN 1867-3899, Vol. 14, no 18, article id e202200538Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The low stability of the electrocatalysts at water oxidation (WO) conditions and the use of expensive noble metals have obstructed large-scale H2 production from water. Herein, we report the electrocatalytic WO activity of a cobalt-containing, water-soluble molecular WO electrocatalyst [CoII(mcbp)(OH2)] (1) [mcbp2−=2,6-bis(1-methyl-4-(carboxylate)benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine] in homogeneous conditions (overpotential of 510 mV at pH 7 phosphate buffer) and after anchoring it on pyridine-modified fluorine-doped carbon cloth (PFCC). The formation of cobalt phosphate was identified only after 4 h continuous oxygen evolution in homogeneous conditions. Interestingly, a significant enhancement of the stability and WO activity (current density of 5.4 mA/cm2 at 1.75 V) was observed for 1 after anchoring onto PFCC, resulting in a turnover (TO) of &gt;3.6×103 and average TOF of 0.05 s−1 at 1.55 V (pH 7) over 20 h. A total TO of &gt;21×103 over 8 days was calculated. The electrode allowed regeneration of∼ 85 % of the WO activity electrochemically after 36 h of continuous oxygen evolution. 

  • 24.
    Das, Biswanath
    et al.
    Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C Stockholm 10691 Sweden, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C.
    Toledo-Carrillo, Esteban Alejandro
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Li, Guoqi
    School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210 China.
    Ståhle, Jonas
    Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C Stockholm 10691 Sweden, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C.
    Thersleff, Thomas
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C Stockholm 10691 Sweden, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C.
    Chen, Jianhong
    Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C Stockholm 10691 Sweden, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C.
    Li, Lin
    School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210 China.
    Fei, Ye
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Slabon, Adam
    Inorganic Chemistry, University of Wuppertal Gaußstr. 20, Wuppertal 42119 Germany.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Weng, Tsu Chien
    School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210 China.
    Yuwono, Jodie A.
    School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 Australia.
    Kumar, Priyank V.
    School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 Australia.
    Verho, Oscar
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedicinskt Centrum BMC, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala Sweden.
    Kärkäs, Markus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Organic chemistry.
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Åkermark, Björn
    Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C Stockholm 10691 Sweden, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C.
    Bifunctional and regenerable molecular electrode for water electrolysis at neutral pH2023In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, E-ISSN 2050-7496, Vol. 11, no 25, p. 13331-13340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The instability of molecular electrodes under oxidative/reductive conditions and insufficient understanding of the metal oxide-based systems have slowed down the progress of H2-based fuels. Efficient regeneration of the electrode's performance after prolonged use is another bottleneck of this research. This work represents the first example of a bifunctional and electrochemically regenerable molecular electrode which can be used for the unperturbed production of H2 from water. Pyridyl linkers with flexible arms (-CH2-CH2-) on modified fluorine-doped carbon cloth (FCC) were used to anchor a highly active ruthenium electrocatalyst [RuII(mcbp)(H2O)2] (1) [mcbp2− = 2,6-bis(1-methyl-4-(carboxylate)benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine]. The pyridine unit of the linker replaces one of the water molecules of 1, which resulted in RuPFCC (ruthenium electrocatalyst anchored on -CH2-CH2-pyridine modified FCC), a high-performing electrode for oxygen evolution reaction [OER, overpotential of ∼215 mV] as well as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, overpotential of ∼330 mV) at pH 7. A current density of ∼8 mA cm−2 at 2.06 V (vs. RHE) and ∼−6 mA cm−2 at −0.84 V (vs. RHE) with only 0.04 wt% loading of ruthenium was obtained. OER turnover of >7.4 × 103 at 1.81 V in 48 h and HER turnover of >3.6 × 103 at −0.79 V in 3 h were calculated. The activity of the OER anode after 48 h use could be electrochemically regenerated to ∼98% of its original activity while it serves as a HE cathode (evolving hydrogen) for 8 h. This electrode design can also be used for developing ultra-stable molecular electrodes with exciting electrochemical regeneration features, for other proton-dependent electrochemical processes.

  • 25. Davila, M. E.
    et al.
    Avila, J.
    Ascolani, H.
    Le Lay, G.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Karlsson, Ulf O.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Asensio, M. C.
    Surface phase transitions at metal-semiconductor interfaces: a revisit is needed2004In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 234, no 04-jan, p. 274-285Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this article, we review some of the most recent progress and understanding in the low temperature surface phase transitions at prototypical metal-semiconductor interfaces. We essentially focus on quantitative surface structural information obtained by using a significant variety of specialised techniques for the individual phases of a model system, namely, tin on Ge(1 1 1) substrates. The strengths and limitations of the structural results obtained by using scanning tunnelling microscopy, photoelectron diffraction and surface X-ray diffraction are discussed in relation to their support with respect to possible mechanisms recently invoked in the literature as being at the origin of the phase transition. These investigations show that a large progress has been made in this field, taking into account the very valuable experimental and theoretical contributions provided by different groups. There remain, however, essential unresolved problems, which will be analysed in the light of the limitations of these structural methods and the difficulty presented by the complex adsorbate systems studied.

  • 26. Davila, Maria E.
    et al.
    Avila, Jose
    Asensio, Maria Carmen
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Karlsson, Ulf O.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Le Lay, Guy
    Perturbation of Ge(111) and Si(111)root 3 alpha-Sn surfaces by adsorption of dopants2006In: Surface Science, ISSN 0039-6028, E-ISSN 1879-2758, Vol. 600, no 16, p. 3154-3159Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We test the response of the root 3 x root 3 alpha reconstructions formed by 1/3 monolayer of tin adatoms on silicon and germanium (111) surfaces upon doping with electrons or holes, using potassium or iodine as probes/perturbers of the initial electronic structures. From detailed synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy studies we show that doping with either electrons or holes plays a complimentary role on the Si and Ge surfaces and, especially, leads to complete conversion of the Sn 4d two-component spectra into single line shapes. We find that the low binding energy component of the Sn core level for both Si and Ge surfaces corresponds to Sn adatoms with higher electronic charge, than the Sn adatoms that contribute to the core level high binding energy signal. This could be analyzed as Sn adatoms with different valence state.

  • 27. Evertsson, J.
    et al.
    Bertram, F.
    Zhang, Fan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Rullik, L.
    Merte, L. R.
    Shipilin, M.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Vinogradov, N.
    Carla, F.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Pan, Jinshan
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Mikkelsen, A.
    Nilsson, J. -O
    Lundgren, E.
    The thickness of native oxides on aluminum alloys and single crystals2015In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 349, p. 826-832Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We present results from measurements of the native oxide film thickness on four different industrial aluminum alloys and three different aluminum single crystals. The thicknesses were determined using X-ray reflectivity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, atomic force microscopy was used for micro-structural studies of the oxide surfaces. The reflectivity measurements were performed in ultra-high vacuum, vacuum, ambient, nitrogen and liquid water conditions. The results obtained using X-ray reflectivity and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate good agreement. However, the oxide thicknesses determined from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show a larger discrepancy from the above two methods. In the present contribution the reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. We also address the effect of the substrate type and the presence of water on the resultant oxide thickness.

  • 28. Fashandi, Hossein
    et al.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Gothelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Technology.
    Eriksson, Jens
    Eklund, Per
    Spetz, Anita Lloyd
    Andersson, Mike
    Applicability of MOS structures in monitoring catalytic properties, as exemplified for monolayer-iron-oxide-coated porous platinum films2016In: Journal of Catalysis, ISSN 0021-9517, E-ISSN 1090-2694, Vol. 344, p. 583-590Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor devices comprised of monolayer iron oxide-coated as well as non-coated polycrystalline Pt deposited on oxidized silicon carbide substrates have been fabricated and their usefulness as realistic model systems in catalyst studies development was evaluated. The CO oxidation characteristics of both iron oxide- and non-coated Pt catalysts were investigated using mass spectrometry, monitoring the carbon dioxide production rate for different combinations of carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen concentrations at various temperatures. Additionally, the output capacitance of the MOS model catalysts was recorded for each individual CO oxidation activity. A low-temperature shift in CO oxidation characteristics for the monolayer-coated compared to the non-coated Pt catalysts was observed, similar to that previously reported for monolayer iron oxide grown on single-crystalline Pt substrates. A strong correlation between the output capacitance of the MOS structures and the CO oxidation characteristics was found for both monolayer- and non-coated model catalysts. Furthermore, the devices exhibit retained MOS electrical output and CO oxidation characteristics as well as an unaffected catalyst surface composition, as confirmed by photoelectron spectroscopy, even after 200 h of continuous model catalyst operation. In addition to the implications on practical applicability of monolayer iron oxide coating on widely used polycrystalline Pt films in real-world catalysts and sensors, the findings also point to new possibilities regarding the use of MOS model systems for in situ characterization, high throughput screening, and tailoring of e.g. catalyst- and fuel-cell-electrode materials for specific applications.

  • 29.
    Ghadami Yazdi, Milad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    H. Moud, Pouya
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology. KTH.
    Marks, Kess
    Piskorz, Witold
    Öström, Henrik
    Hansson, Tony
    Kotarba, Andrzej
    Engvall, Klas
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemical Engineering and Technology.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Naphthalene on Ni(111): experimental and theoretical insights into adsorption, dehydrogenation and carbon passivationManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    An attractive solution to mitigate tars and also to decompose lighter hydrocarbons in biomass gasification is secondary catalytic reforming, converting hydrocarbons to useful permanent gases. Albeit in use for long time in fossil feedstock catalytic steam reforming, the understanding of the catalytic processes is still limited. Naphthalene is typically present in the biomass gasification gas and to further understand the elementary steps of naphthalene transformation, we investigated the temperature dependent naphthalene adsorption, dehydrogenation and passivation on Ni(111). TPD (temperature programmed desorption) and STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) in ultra-high vacuum environment from 110 K up to 780 K, combined with DFT (density functional theory) were used in the study. Room temperature adsorption results in a flat naphthalene monolayer. DFT favors the di-bridge[7] geometry but the potential energy surface is rather smooth. DFT also reveals a pronounced dearomatization and charge transfer from the adsorbed molecule into the nickel surface. Dehydrogenation occurs in two steps, with two desorption peaks at approximately 450 K and 600 K. The first step is due to partial dehydrogenation generating active hydrocarbon species that at higher temperatures migrates over the surface forming graphene. The graphene formation is accompanied by desorption of hydrogen in the high temperature TPD peak. The formation of graphene effectively passivates the surface both for hydrogen adsorption and naphthalene dissociation. In conclusion, the obtained results on the model naphthalene and Ni(111) system, provides insight into elementary steps of naphthalene adsorption, dehydrogenation and carbon passivation, which may serve as a good starting point for rational design, development and optimization of the Ni catalyst surface, as well as process conditions, for the aromatic hydrocarbon reforming process.

  • 30.
    Ghadami Yazdi, Milad
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Lousada, Claudio M.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Technology.
    Evertsson, J.
    Rullik, L.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Bertram, F.
    Korzhavyi, Pavel A.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Technology.
    Weissenrieder, J.
    Lundgren, E.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Structure dependent effect of silicon on the oxidation of Al(111) and Al(100)2019In: Surface Science, ISSN 0039-6028, E-ISSN 1879-2758, Vol. 684, p. 1-11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of sub-monolayer silicon on the oxidation of Al(111) and Al(100) surfaces was investigated using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. On both surfaces the adatom site is preferred over substituting Si into the Al-lattice; on Al(100) the four fold hollow site is vastly favored whereas on Al(111) bridge and hollow sites are almost equal in energy. Upon O 2 exposure, Si is not oxidized but buried at the metal/oxide interface under the growing aluminum oxide. On Al(111), Si has a catalytic effect on both the initial oxidation by aiding in creating a higher local oxygen coverage in the early stages of oxidation and, in particular, at higher oxide coverages by facilitating lifting Al from the metal into the oxide. The final oxide, as measured from the Al2p intensity, is 25–30% thicker with Si than without. This observation is valid for both 0.1 monolayer (ML) and 0.3 ML Si coverage. On Al(100), on the other hand, at 0.16 ML Si coverage, the initial oxidation is faster than for the bare surface due to Si island edges being active in the oxide growth. At 0.5 ML Si coverage the oxidation is slower, as the islands coalesce and he amount of edges reduces. Upon oxide formation the effect of Si vanishes as it is overgrown by Al 2 O 3 , and the oxide thickness is only 6% higher than on bare Al(100), for both Si coverages studied. Our findings indicate that, in addition to a vanishing oxygen adsorption energy and Mott potential, a detailed picture of atom exchange and transport at the metal/oxide interface has to be taken into account to explain the limiting oxide thickness.

  • 31. Giovanelli, L.
    et al.
    Papageorgiou, N.
    Terzian, G.
    Layet, J. M.
    Mossoyan, J. C.
    Mossoyan-Deneux, M.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Le Lay, G.
    Electronic structure of self-assembled organic/inorganic semiconductor interfaces: lead phthalocyanine on InSb and InAs(100)-4X2/c(8 X2)2001In: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, ISSN 0368-2048, E-ISSN 1873-2526, Vol. 114, p. 375-381Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The interfacial properties of ultra thin films of lead-phthalocyanine deposited in situ onto InSb and InAs(100)-4X2/c(8X2) clean surfaces have been studied by synchrotron radiation core level and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy. The interaction between the overlayers and the substrates was determined upon analyzing the changes in the photoemission spectra between room and higher annealing temperatures, leading to ordered monolayer films. While weaker than on other substrates, a reactivity is nevertheless present: the organic macrocycle preserves its integrity up to 320 degreesC but the Pb central atom first leaves the molecules most probably to be incorporated in the substrate surface, before being desorbed at higher temperatures.

  • 32. Giovanelli, L.
    et al.
    Von Schenck, H.
    Sinner-Hettenbach, M.
    Papageorgiou, N.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Le Lay, G.
    Synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy study of Pb-Pc thin films on InSb(100)-(4x2)/c(8x2)2001In: Surface Science, ISSN 0039-6028, E-ISSN 1879-2758, Vol. 486, no 02-jan, p. 55-64Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The electronic properties and the thermal stability of a thin film of lead-phthalocyanine deposited on the InSb(100)-(4 x 2)/c(8 x 2) surface were studied by synchrotron radiation core level and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy. The interaction between the overlayer and the substrate was determined by analyzing the photoemission spectra of a thin film and of a single monolayer of adsorbed molecules. Subsequently the monolayer was annealed at increasing temperatures, leading first to a gradual change of the oxidation state of the central lead atom, then to a fragmentation of the macrocycle itself.

  • 33. Grehk, T. M.
    et al.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Bjorkqvist, M.
    Le Lay, G.
    Karlsson, Ulf O.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Li-induced phase transition from the Ge(111)3X1: Li surface reconstruction to the Ge(111)root 3X root 3 : Li lithium germanide2000In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 61, no 7, p. 4963-4967Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have investigated the Li-induced phase transition from the Ge(111)3X1:Li to the Ge(111)root 3X root 3:Li reconstruction with photoemission. The Ge(111)3X1:Li reconstruction can be described as parallel rows of Ge atoms separated by single rows of Li atoms. The Ge(111)root 3X root 3:Li reconstruction, on the other hands, has to be described in terms of a Li-germanide phase extending over at least two atomic layers.

  • 34.
    Gustafsson, Oscar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Karim, Amir
    Berggren, Jesper
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Wang, Qin
    Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Carl
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Ernerheim-Jokumsen, Christopher
    KTH.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Persson, Sirpa
    Almqvist, Susanne
    Ekenberg, Ulf
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Optics and Photonics.
    Noharet, Bertrand
    Asplund, Carl
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Andersson, Jan Y.
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Integrated Devices and Circuits.
    Photoluminescence and photoresponse from InSb/InAs-based quantum dot structures2012In: Optics Express, E-ISSN 1094-4087, Vol. 20, no 19, p. 21264-21271Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    InSb-based quantum dots grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on InAs substrates are studied for use as the active material in interband photon detectors. Long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) photoluminescence is demonstrated with peak emission at 8.5 mu m and photoresponse, interpreted to originate from type-II interband transitions in a p-i-n photodiode, was measured up to 6 mu m, both at 80 K. The possibilities and benefits of operation in the LWIR range (8-12 mu m) are discussed and the results suggest that InSb-based quantum dot structures can be suitable candidates for photon detection in the LWIR regime.

  • 35.
    Göthelid, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Haglund, S.
    Ågren, John
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Metallurgy.
    Influence of O and Co on the early stages of sintering of Wc-Co: A surface study by AES and STM2000In: Acta Materialia, ISSN 1359-6454, E-ISSN 1873-2453, Vol. 48, no 17, p. 4357-4362Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of oxygen on the sintering behavior of WC-Co has been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Deposition of Co on the WC(0001) surface and subsequent annealing at 650 degreesC results in a 2x2 reconstructed pre-cursor layer on top of which Co grows in weakly bound islands which can be moved on the surface by the STM rip. Annealing at 850 degreesC removes excess Co and leaves only the 2x2 surface. Oxygen exposure of the 2x2 surface results in a clustered cobalt oxide overlayer which on annealing at 750 degreesC breaks up and restores the 2x2 structure as the metallic Co wets the surface.

  • 36.
    Göthelid, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Hosseinpour, S.
    Ahmadi, S.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Hexane selenol dissociation on Cu: The protective role of oxide and water2017In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 423, p. 716-720Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hexane selenol (CH3(CH2)5SeH) was adsorbed from gas phase in ultra-high vacuum on polycrystalline Cu and studied with synchrotron radiation based photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). Adsorption was done on a bare copper surface at room temperature (RT), on a thin oxide on Cu at room temperature, and on a thin layer of water on Cu at 140 K.

  • 37.
    Göthelid, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Janin, E.
    Surface structures on sputtered/annealed WC(0001)2000In: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, ISSN 0953-8984, E-ISSN 1361-648X, Vol. 12, no 6, p. 773-782Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We use scanning tunnelling microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction to study different tungsten and carbon terminated surface reconstructions on the sputtered/annealed WC(0001) surface. The tungsten terminated surface encompasses a (root 7 x root 7)R19 degrees W-trimer structure, a (root 3 x root 7) reconstruction representing a transition structure from the (root 7 x root 7)R19 degrees reconstruction to a (6 x 1) phase which consists of a quadratic W overlayer on the first close-packed carbidic carbon layer. The carbon terminated WC(0001) surface consists of a single graphitic carbon layer on top of the (6 x 1) structure.

  • 38.
    Göthelid, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    Le Lay, G.
    Karlsson, Ulf O.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT.
    An ordered layer of molecular iodine on Ge(100) 2x12004In: Surface Science, ISSN 0039-6028, E-ISSN 1879-2758, Vol. 556, no 03-feb, p. 203-212Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Adsorption of iodine on the Ge(1 0 0) (2 x 1) surface has been investigated by core level and valence band photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Iodine binds to dimer atom dangling bonds without disrupting the dimers at all coverages. At saturation a c(2 x 2) ordered layer of molecular iodine develops on top of a (2 x 2) ordered structure of atomic iodine binding to asymmetric Ge-dimers. Annealing destroys the molecular character and etches the surface by Ge dimer bond breaking and attachment of additional iodine to these Ge atoms to form GeI2, which desorbs from the surface.

  • 39.
    Göthelid, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Palmgren, Pål
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Yu, S.
    Agnarsson, B.
    Önsten, A.
    Månsson, M.
    Brena, B.
    Charge transfer and band alignment at the InSb(111)B-TiOPc interfaceManuscript (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Göthelid, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Tymczenko, Michael
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Chow, Winnie
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Bruhn, Benjamin
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Stoltz, Dunja
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    von Schenck, Henrik
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Sun, Chenghua
    Surface concentration dependent structures of iodine on Pd(110)2012In: Journal of Chemical Physics, ISSN 0021-9606, E-ISSN 1089-7690, Vol. 137, no 20, p. 204703-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We use photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory to investigate coverage dependent iodine structures on Pd(110). At 0.5 ML (monolayer), a c(2 x 2) structure is formed with iodine occupying the four-fold hollow site. At increasing coverage, the iodine layer compresses into a quasi-hexagonal structure at 2/3 ML, with iodine occupying both hollow and long bridge positions. There is a substantial difference in electronic structure between these two iodine sites, with a higher electron density on the bridge bonded iodine. In addition, numerous positively charged iodine near vacancies are found along the domain walls. These different electronic structures will have an impact on the chemical properties of these iodine atoms within the layer.

  • 41.
    Göthelid, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    von Schenck, Henrik
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Applied Physics, MAP.
    Åkermark, B.
    Tkatchenko, A.
    Galvan, M.
    Adsorption site, core level shifts and charge transfer on the Pd(111)-I(root 3 x root 3) surface2006In: Surface Science, ISSN 0039-6028, E-ISSN 1879-2758, Vol. 600, no 15, p. 3093-3098Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We use core level photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the iodine-induced Pd(1 1 1)-I(root 3 x root 3) structure formed at 1/3 NIL coverage. From the calculations we find that iodine adsorbs preferentially in the fcc hollow site. The calculated equilibrium distance is 2.06 angstrom and the adsorption energy is 68 kcal/mol, compared to 2.45 angstrom and 54 kcal/mol in the atop position. The adsorption energy difference between fcc and hcp hollows is 1.7 kcal/mol. Calculated Pd 3d surface core level shift on clean Pd(1 1 1) is 0.30 eV to lower binding energy, in excellent agreement with our experimental findings (0.28-0.29 eV). On the Pd(1 1 1)-I(root 3 x root 3) we find no Pd 3d surface core level shift, neither experimentally nor, theoretically. Calculated charge transfer for the fcc site, determined from the Hirshfeld partitioning method, suggests that the iodine atom remains almost neutral upon adsorption.

  • 42.
    Göthelid, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Yu, Shun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Ahmadi, Sareh
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Chenghua, Sun
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics.
    Zuleta, Marcelo
    Uppsala University.
    Structure-Dependent 4-Tert-Butyl Pyridine-Induced BandBending at TiO2 Surfaces2011In: International Journal of Photoenergy (Online), ISSN 1110-662X, E-ISSN 1687-529X, Vol. 2011, p. 1-6Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Halldin Stenlid, Joakim
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Johansson, A. J.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Brinck, Tore
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Applied Physical Chemistry.
    Reactivity at the Cu2O(100):Cu-H2O interface: a combined DFT and PES study2016In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP, ISSN 1463-9076, E-ISSN 1463-9084, Vol. 18, no 44, p. 30570-30584Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The water-cuprite interface plays an important role in dictating surface related properties. This not only applies to the oxide, but also to metallic copper, which is covered by an oxide film under typical operational conditions. In order to extend the currently scarce knowledge of the details of the water-oxide interplay, water interactions and reactions on a common Cu2O(100):Cu surface have been studied using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) as well as Hubbard U and dispersion corrected density functional theory (PBE-D3+U) calculations up to a bilayer water coverage. The PBE-D3+U results are compared with PBE, PBE-D3 and hybrid HSE06-D3 calculation results. Both computational and experimental results support a thermodynamically favored, and H2O coverage independent, surface OH coverage of 0.25-0.5 ML, which is larger than the previously reported value. The computations indicate that the results are consistent also for ambient temperatures under wet/humid and oxygen lean conditions. In addition, both DFT and PES results indicate that the initial (3,0; 1,1) surface reconstruction is lifted upon water adsorption to form an unreconstructed (1 x 1) Cu2O(100) structure.

  • 44.
    Hammar, Mattias
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Gauthier, Y.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Karlsson, U. O.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Flodström, S. A.
    Rosengren, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics.
    Scanning tunnelling microscopy studies of Pt80Fe 20(110)1993In: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, ISSN 09538984, Vol. 5, no 18, p. 2837-2842Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Results of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) show that two different kinds of surface structures coexist on the (110) surface of Pt 80Fe20. The predominant structure corresponds well to the missing row type (1*2) reconstruction previously observed on, for example Pt(110), whereas the minority domains show a faintly buckled structure with approximately (1*1) geometry. Based on the STM images, the authors propose that the two domains have different surface chemical compositions and correspond to two different metallurgical phases known for the PtFe system at this composition.

  • 45. Hirschauer, B.
    et al.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Davila, M.
    Karlsson, U. O.
    Oxidation of Ce on Si(111) studied by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy2000In: Surface Science, ISSN 0039-6028, E-ISSN 1879-2758, Vol. 464, no 03-feb, p. 117-122Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Si(lll)-Ce (2x2) surface was studied by photoelectron spectroscopy during oxidation and annealing. Detailed analysis of the Si 2p core-level spectra and the Ce valence band levels shows that Ce is first oxidised and then promotes oxidation of Si at room temperature by improving the oxygen uptake of the surface. Initially, no oxidation of Si can be recorded, but at exposures of 3 L O-2 or more, SiOx and higher silicon oxides are formed. After annealing to 750 degreesC, a temperature that is generally used to oxidise Si, almost all O leaves the surface. At 1045 degreesC, the Si 2p and the Ce valence band spectra of the sample show almost the same shape as for the original Si(lll)-Ce 2x2 surface. This means that oxidation/reduction of the Si(lll)-Ce 2x2 surface is reversible.

  • 46. Hoglund, A.
    et al.
    Castleton, C. W. M.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Applied Material Physics.
    Mirbt, S.
    Point defects on the (110) surfaces of InP, InAs, and InSb: A comparison with bulk2006In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 74, no 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The basic properties of point defects, such as local geometries, positions of charge-transfer levels, and formation energies, have been calculated using density-functional theory, both in the bulk and on the (110) surface of InP, InAs, and InSb. Based on these results we discuss the electronic properties of bulk and surface defects, defect segregation, and compensation. In comparing the relative stability of the surface and bulk defects, it is found that the native defects generally have higher formation energies in the bulk. From this it can be concluded that at equilibrium there is a considerably larger fraction of defects at the surface and under nonequilibrium conditions defects are expected to segregate to the surface, given sufficient time. In most cases the charge state of a defect changes upon segregation, altering the charge-carrier concentrations. The photothresholds are also calculated for the three semiconductors and are found to be in good agreement with experimental data.

  • 47. Hoglund, A.
    et al.
    Mirbt, S.
    Castleton, C. W. M.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Material Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Breakdown of cation vacancies into anion vacancy-antisite complexes on III-V semiconductor surfaces2008In: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, ISSN 1098-0121, E-ISSN 1550-235X, Vol. 78, no 15Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An asymmetric defect complex originating from the cation vacancy on (110) III-V semiconductor surfaces which has significantly lower formation energy than the ideal cation vacancy is presented. The complex is formed by an anion from the top layer moving into the vacancy, leaving an anion antisite-anion vacancy defect complex. By calculating the migration barrier, it is found that any ideal cation vacancies will spontaneously transform to this defect complex at room temperature. For stoichiometric semiconductors the defect formation energy of the complex is close to that of the often-observed anion vacancy, giving thermodynamic equilibrium defect concentrations on the same order. The calculated scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) plot of the defect complex is also shown to be asymmetric in the [1(1)over bar0] direction, in contrast to the symmetric one of the anion vacancy. This might therefore explain the two distinct asymmetric and symmetric vacancy structures observed experimentally by STM.

  • 48.
    Hohmann, Lea
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology.
    Marks, Kess
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Chien, Tzu-En
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology.
    Ostrom, Henrik
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Fysikum, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hansson, Tony
    Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Fysikum, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Muntwiler, Matthias
    Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland..
    Engvall, Klas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics.
    Harding, Dan James
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology.
    Effect of Coadsorbed Sulfur on the Dehydrogenation of Naphthalene on Ni(111)2023In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ISSN 1932-7447, E-ISSN 1932-7455, Vol. 128, no 1, p. 67-76Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There are several difficulties when experimentally determined reaction mechanisms are applied from model systems to real catalysis. Besides the infamous pressure and material gaps, it is sometimes necessary to consider impurities in the real reactant feedstock that can act as promoters or catalyst poisons and alter the reaction path. In this study, the effect of sulfur on the dehydrogenation of naphthalene on Ni(111) is investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. Sulfur induces a (5 root 3 x 2) surface reconstruction, as previously reported in the literature. The sulfur does not have a strong effect on the dehydrogenation temperature of naphthalene. However, the presence of sulfur leads to a preferred formation of carbidic over graphitic carbon and a strong inhibition of carbon diffusion into the nickel bulk, which is one of the steps of destructive whisker carbon formation described in the catalysis literature.

  • 49.
    Hosseinpour, Saman
    et al.
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Götelid, Mats
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Materials- and Nano Physics, Material Physics, MF.
    Leygraf, Christofer
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Johnson, C. Magnus
    KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
    Self-Assembled Monolayers as Inhibitors for the Atmospheric Corrosion of Copper Induced by Formic Acid: A Comparison between Hexanethiol and Hexaneselenol2014In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 161, no 1, p. C50-C56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The corrosion protection by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of hexanethiol and hexaneselenol has been explored on copper exposed to humid air containing formic acid, a corrosive environment relevant for indoor atmospheric corrosion. The kinetics of the formation of corrosion products on SAM covered copper was followed using in-situ infrared reflection/absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and compared with that of bare copper. Both SAMs initially showed a corrosion protection ability. The prolonged exposure of hexanethiol copper resulted in a reduced formation rate of copper formate and copper hydroxide compared to bare copper, while on bare and hexaneselenol covered samples copper (I) oxide, copper formate, and copper hydroxide were observed. To assess the quality of the SAMs during the sample exposure, vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) was used. It was found that hexaneselenol molecules are locally removed from the surface during corrosion in contrast to their thiol counterparts. This created localized galvanic effects which resulted in an accelerated corrosion of selenol covered copper. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at elevated pressure demonstrated that the hexanethiol removed thin oxide layers upon adsorption. A contributing parameter to the enhanced corrosion inhibiting ability of hexanethiol could be its greater ability than hexaneselenol to bind to the copper surface during its deposition and sample exposure.

  • 50. Janin, E.
    et al.
    Göthelid, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Karlsson, U. O.
    Formation of two-dimensional graphite islands on the Pt(110)(1x2) surface2000In: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 162, p. 184-189Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The formation of thin carbon overlayers at temperatures above 600 degrees C has been studied on the Pt(110)(1 X 2) surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), PES and Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED). Their graphitic character is evidenced through the binding energy of the Cls core-level, the LEED pattern observed and the atomic structure resolved on the islands. The orientation of the graphite layers is determined to be C < 1010 > parallel to the Pt[110] direction. Their thickness and the nature of the substrate are discussed below.

123 1 - 50 of 149
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