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  • 1.
    Basso Basset, F.
    et al.
    Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Salusti, F.
    Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Rota, M. B.
    Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Tedeschi, D.
    Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Covre da Silva, S. F.
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Roccia, E.
    Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Paderborn Univ, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany..
    Rastelli, A.
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Trotta, R.
    Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Quantum teleportation with imperfect quantum dots2021In: NPJ QUANTUM INFORMATION, ISSN 2056-6387, Vol. 7, no 1, article id 7Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Efficient all-photonic quantum teleportation requires fast and deterministic sources of highly indistinguishable and entangled photons. Solid-state-based quantum emitters-notably semiconductor quantum dots-are a promising candidate for the role. However, despite the remarkable progress in nanofabrication, proof-of-concept demonstrations of quantum teleportation have highlighted that imperfections of the emitter still place a major roadblock in the way of applications. Here, rather than focusing on source optimization strategies, we deal with imperfections and study different teleportation protocols with the goal of identifying the one with maximal teleportation fidelity. Using a quantum dot with sub-par values of entanglement and photon indistinguishability, we show that the average teleportation fidelity can be raised from below the classical limit to 0.842(14), adopting a polarization-selective Bell state measurement and moderate spectral filtering. Our results, which are backed by a theoretical model that quantitatively explains the experimental findings, loosen the very stringent requirements set on the ideal entangled-photon source and highlight that imperfect quantum dots can still have a say in teleportation-based quantum communication architectures.

  • 2.
    Elshaari, Ali W.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Skalli, Anas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. Phelma, Physical engineering for photonics and microelectronics, Grenoble Institute of Technology, 3 Parvis Louis Néel - CS 50257 - 38016 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Nurizzo, Martin
    KTH. Phelma, Physical engineering for photonics and microelectronics, Grenoble Institute of Technology, 3 Parvis Louis Néel - CS 50257 - 38016 Grenoble Cedex 1, France.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Esmaeil Zadeh, I.
    Svedendahl, Mikael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Deterministic Integration of hBN Emitter in Silicon Nitride Photonic Waveguide2021In: Advanced Quantum Technologies, ISSN 2511-9044, Vol. 4, no 6, p. 2100032-, article id 2100032Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hybrid integration provides an important avenue for incorporating atom-like solid-state single-photon emitters into photonic platforms that possess no optically-active transitions. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is particularly interesting quantum emitter for hybrid integration, as it provides a route for room-temperature quantum photonic technologies, coupled with its robustness and straightforward activation. Despite the recent progress of integrating hBN emitters in photonic waveguides, a deterministic, site-controlled process remains elusive. Here, the integration of selected hBN emitter in silicon nitride waveguide is demonstrated. A small misalignment angle of 4° is shown between the emission-dipole orientation and the waveguide propagation direction. The integrated emitter maintains high single-photon purity despite subsequent encapsulation and nanofabrication steps, delivering quantum light with zero delay second order correlation function (Formula presented.). The results provide an important step toward deterministic, large scale, quantum photonic circuits at room temperature using atom-like single-photon emitters.

  • 3.
    Gyger, Samuel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Bensoussan, Sandra
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, S-16440 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Carlnäs, Martin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, S-16440 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Ekemar, Liselott
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, S-16440 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Carl
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering.
    Nilsson, Tigge
    Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, S-16440 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Almlöf, Jonas
    Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, S-16440 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Llosera, Gemma Vall
    Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, S-16440 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Metropolitan single-photon distribution at 1550 nm for random number generation2022In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 121, no 19, p. 194003-, article id 194003Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantum communication networks will connect future generations of quantum processors, enable metrological applications, and provide security through quantum key distribution. We present a testbed that is part of the municipal fiber network in the greater Stockholm metropolitan area for quantum resource distribution through a 20 km long fiber based on semiconductor quantum dots emitting in the telecom C-band. We utilize the service to generate random numbers passing the NIST test suite SP800-22 at a subscriber 8 km outside of the city with a bit rate of 23.4 kbit/s.

  • 4.
    Gyger, Samuel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Bensoussan, Sandra
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Carlnäs, Martin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Ekemar, Liselott
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Carl
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.
    Nilsson, Tigge
    Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Almlöf, Jonas
    Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Llosera, Gemma Vall
    Ericsson AB, Torshamnsgatan 21, 164 40 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Metropolitan Single-Photon Distribution at 1550 nm for Random Number Generation2023In: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023, article id FM1A.3Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quantum communication networks are used for QKD and metrological applications. We present research connecting two nodes ≈ 20 kilometers apart over the municipal fiber network using semiconductor quantum dots emitting at 1550 nm.

  • 5.
    Gyger, Samuel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zichi, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Elshaari, Ali W.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Covre da Silva, S. F.
    Johannes Kepler Universität, Linz, Austria.
    Rastelli, A.
    Johannes Kepler Universität, Linz, Austria.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Errando-Herranz, Carlos
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
    On-chip integration of reconfigurable quantum photonics with superconducting photodetectors2021In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, The Optical Society , 2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scaling up quantum optics experiments requires on-chip reconfigurable quantum photonics, but their integration with detectors is a challenge. We show microelectromechanical reconfiguration of photonic circuits with on-chip superconducting single-photon detectors and demonstrate key applications.

  • 6.
    Gyger, Samuel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zichi, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Elshaari, Ali W.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Da Silva, S. F. C.
    Rastelli, A.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Errando-Herranz, Carlos
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
    On-chip integration of reconfigurable quantum photonics with superconducting photodetectors2021In: 2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2021 - Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2021Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Scaling up quantum optics experiments requires on-chip reconfigurable quantum photonics, but their integration with detectors is a challenge. We show microelectrome-chanical reconfiguration of photonic circuits with on-chip superconducting single-photon detectors and demonstrate key applications. 

  • 7.
    Gyger, Samuel
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Zichi, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Elshaari, Ali W.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    da Silva, Saimon F. Covre
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, Linz, Austria..
    Rastelli, Armando
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, Linz, Austria..
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Errando-Herranz, Carlos
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
    Reconfigurable photonics with on-chip single-photon detectors2021In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 12, no 1, article id 1408Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Integrated quantum photonics offers a promising path to scale up quantum optics experiments by miniaturizing and stabilizing complex laboratory setups. Central elements of quantum integrated photonics are quantum emitters, memories, detectors, and reconfigurable photonic circuits. In particular, integrated detectors not only offer optical readout but, when interfaced with reconfigurable circuits, allow feedback and adaptive control, crucial for deterministic quantum teleportation, training of neural networks, and stabilization of complex circuits. However, the heat generated by thermally reconfigurable photonics is incompatible with heat-sensitive superconducting single-photon detectors, and thus their on-chip co-integration remains elusive. Here we show low-power microelectromechanical reconfiguration of integrated photonic circuits interfaced with superconducting single-photon detectors on the same chip. We demonstrate three key functionalities for photonic quantum technologies: 28 dB high-extinction routing of classical and quantum light, 90 dB high-dynamic range single-photon detection, and stabilization of optical excitation over 12 dB power variation. Our platform enables heat-load free reconfigurable linear optics and adaptive control, critical for quantum state preparation and quantum logic in large-scale quantum photonics applications. Integrated photonics are promising to scale up quantum optics. Here the authors combine low-power microelectromechanical control and superconducting single-photon detectors on the same chip and demonstrate routing, high-dynamic-range detection, and power stabilization.

  • 8.
    Hanschke, Lukas
    et al.
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol MCQST, D-80799 Munich, Germany..
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Carreno, Juan Camilo Lopez
    Univ Wolverhampton, Fac Sci & Engn, Wulfruna St, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, England..
    Schöll, Eva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zeuner, Katharina D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Casalengua, Eduardo Zubizarreta
    Univ Wolverhampton, Fac Sci & Engn, Wulfruna St, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, England..
    Reindl, Marcus
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    da Silva, Saimon Filipe Covre
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Sapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale A Moro 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Finley, Jonathan J.
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol MCQST, D-80799 Munich, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Rastelli, Armando
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    del Valle, Elena
    Univ Wolverhampton, Fac Sci & Engn, Wulfruna St, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, England.;Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor Mat Condensada, Madrid 28049, Spain..
    Laussy, Fabrice P.
    Univ Wolverhampton, Fac Sci & Engn, Wulfruna St, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, England.;Russian Quantum Ctr, Novaya 100, Skolkovo 143025, Moscow Region, Russia..
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Muller, Kai
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol MCQST, D-80799 Munich, Germany..
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. Albanova Univ Ctr, Royal Paderborn Univ, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany..
    Origin of Antibunching in Resonance Fluorescence2020In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 125, no 17, article id 170402Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Resonance fluorescence has played a major role in quantum optics with predictions and later experimental confirmation of nonclassical features of its emitted light such as antibunching or squeezing. In the Rayleigh regime where most of the light originates from the scattering of photons with subnatural linewidth, antibunching would appear to coexist with sharp spectral lines. Here, we demonstrate that this simultaneous observation of subnatural linewidth and antibunching is not possible with simple resonant excitation. Using an epitaxial quantum dot for the two-level system, we independently confirm the single-photon character and subnatural linewidth by demonstrating antibunching in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss type setup and using high-resolution spectroscopy, respectively. However, when filtering the coherently scattered photons with filter bandwidths on the order of the homogeneous linewidth of the excited state of the two-level system, the antibunching dip vanishes in the correlation measurement. Our observation is explained by antibunching originating from photon-interferences between the coherent scattering and a weak incoherent signal in a skewed squeezed state. This prefigures schemes to achieve simultaneous subnatural linewidth and antibunched emission.

  • 9. Hanschke, Lukas
    et al.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Lopez~Carreño, Juan Camilo
    Zeuner, Katharina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schöll, Eva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zubizarreta Casalengua, Eduardo
    Reindl, Marcus
    Covre da Silva, Saimon Filipe
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Finley, Jonathan J.
    Rastelli, Armando
    del Valle, Elena
    Laussy, Fabrice P.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Müller, Kai
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Coherent scattering: either sub-natural linewidth or anti-bunched lightManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Epitaxial quantum dots have emerged as one of the best single–photon sources, not only for applications in photonic quantum technologies but also for testing fundamental properties of quantum optics. One intriguing observation in this area is the emission of photons with subnatural–linewidth from a two-level system under resonant continuous wave excitation. In particular, an open question is whether these subnatural–linewidth photons exhibit simultaneously single–photon characteristics, i.e. show antibunching as a signature of single-photon emission. Here, we demonstrate that this simultaneous observation of subnatural–linewidth and single photoncharacter is not possible with simple resonant excitation. First, we independently confirm single–photon character and subnatural–linewidth by demonstrating antibunching in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss type setup and using high-resolution spectroscopy, respectively. However, when filtering the coherently scattered photons with filter bandwidths on the order of the homogeneous linewidth of the excited state of the two-level system, the antibunching dip vanishes in the correlation measurement. Our experimental work is consistent with recent theoretical findings, and can be explained by a fundamental model considering higher-order photon correlations.

  • 10.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Versteegh, Marijn A. M.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Dalacu, D.
    Poole, P. J.
    Gulinatti, A.
    Giudice, A.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Reimer, M. E.
    Erratum to: Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell’s inequality (Scientific Reports, (2017), 7, 1, (1700), 10.1038/s41598-017-01509-6)2017In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 7, no 1, article id 7751Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 11.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Versteegh, Marijn A. M.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Dalacu, Dan
    Poole, Philip J.
    Gulinatti, Angelo
    Giudice, Andrea
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
    Reimer, Michael E.
    Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell's inequality2017In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 7, no 1, article id 1700Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Global, secure quantum channels will require efficient distribution of entangled photons. Long distance, low-loss interconnects can only be realized using photons as quantum information carriers. However, a quantum light source combining both high qubit fidelity and on-demand bright emission has proven elusive. Here, we show a bright photonic nanostructure generating polarization-entangled photon pairs that strongly violates Bell's inequality. A highly symmetric InAsP quantum dot generating entangled photons is encapsulated in a tapered nanowire waveguide to ensure directional emission and efficient light extraction. We collect similar to 200 kHz entangled photon pairs at the first lens under 80 MHz pulsed excitation, which is a 20 times enhancement as compared to a bare quantum dot without a photonic nanostructure. The performed Bell test using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality reveals a clear violation (S-CHSH > 2) by up to 9.3 standard deviations. By using a novel quasi-resonant excitation scheme at the wurtzite InP nanowire resonance to reduce multi-photon emission, the entanglement fidelity (F = 0.817 +/- 0.002) is further enhanced without temporal post-selection, allowing for the violation of Bell's inequality in the rectilinear-circular basis by 25 standard deviations. Our results on nanowire-based quantum light sources highlight their potential application in secure data communication utilizing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum repeater protocols.

  • 12.
    Lettner, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Carl
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Stroj, Sandra
    Vorarlberg Univ Appl Sci, Res Ctr Microtechnol, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria..
    Rastelli, Armando
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Sapienza Univ Rome, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Paderborn Univ, Inst Photon Quantum Syst PhoQS, Ctr Optoelect & Photon Paderborn CeOPP, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany.;Paderborn Univ, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany..
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Strain-Controlled Quantum Dot Fine Structure for Entangled Photon Generation at 1550 nm2021In: Nano Letters, ISSN 1530-6984, E-ISSN 1530-6992, Vol. 21, no 24, p. 10501-10506Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Entangled photon generation at 1550 nm in the telecom C-band is of critical importance as it enables the realization of quantum communication protocols over long distance using deployed telecommunication infrastructure. InAs epitaxial quantum dots have recently enabled on-demand generation of entangled photons in this wavelength range. However, time-dependent state evolution, caused by the fine-structure splitting, currently limits the fidelity to a specific entangled state. Here, we show fine-structure suppression for InAs quantum dots using micromachined piezoelectric actuators and demonstrate generation of highly entangled photons at 1550 nm. At the lowest fine-structure setting, we obtain a maximum fidelity of 90.0 +/- 2.7% (concurrence of 87.5 +/- 3.1%). The concurrence remains high also for moderate (weak) temporal filtering, with values close to 80% (50%), corresponding to 30% (80%) of collected photons, respectively. The presented fine-structure control opens the way for exploiting entangled photons from quantum dots in fiber-based quantum communication protocols.

  • 13.
    Lettner, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Carl
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Stroj, Sandra
    Rastelli, Armando
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT. KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Electronics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Strain-controlled quantum dot fine-structure for entangled-photon generation at 1550 nmManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Entangled-photon generation at 1550nm in the telecom C-band is of critical importance, since it enables the realization of quantum communication protocols over long distance using deployed telecommunication infrastructure. InAs epitaxial quantum dots have recently enabled on-demand generation of entangled pairs of photons in this wavelength range. However, time-dependent state evolution, caused by the fine-structure splitting, currently limits the fidelity to a specific entangled state. Here, we show suppression of the fine-structure for InAs quantum dots using micromachined piezoelectric actuators and demonstrate generation of highly entangled photons in the telecom C-band. At the lowest fine-structure setting, we obtain a maximum fidelity of (90.0 ± 2.7)% (concurrence of (87.5 ± 3.1)%). The concurrence remains high also for moderate (weak) temporal-filtering, with values close to 80% (50%), corresponding to 30% (80%) of collected photons, respectively. The presented fine-structure control opens the way for the exploitation of entangled photons from quantum dots in fiber-based quantum communication protocols.

  • 14.
    Lettner, Thomas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Schöll, Eva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Huang, Huiying
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Scharmer, Selim
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    da Silva, Saimon Filipe Covre
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Rastelli, Armando
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    GaAs Quantum Dot in a Parabolic Microcavity Tuned to Rb-87 D-12020In: ACS Photonics, E-ISSN 2330-4022, Vol. 7, no 1, p. 29-35Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We develop a structure to efficiently extract photons emitted by a GaAs quantum dot tuned to rubidium. For this, we employ a broadband microcavity with a curved gold backside mirror that we fabricate by a combination of photoresist reflow, dry reactive ion etching in an inductively coupled plasma, and selective wet chemical etching. Precise reflow and etching control allows us to achieve a parabolic backside mirror with a short focal distance of 265 nm. The fabricated structures yield a predicted (measured) collection efficiency of 63% (12%), an improvement by more than 1 order of magnitude compared to unprocessed samples. We then integrate our quantum dot parabolic microcavities onto a piezoelectric substrate capable of inducing a large in-plane biaxial strain. With this approach, we tune the emission wavelength by 0.5 nm/kV, in a dynamic, reversible, and linear way, to the rubidium D-1 line (795 nm).

  • 15.
    Lin, Zuzeng
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. Tianjin Univ, Sch Precis Instrument & Optoelect Engn, Weijin Rd 92, Tianjin, Peoples R China..
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jons, Anders
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Efficient and versatile toolbox for analysis of time-tagged measurements2021In: Journal of Instrumentation, ISSN 1748-0221, E-ISSN 1748-0221, Vol. 16, no 8Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Acquisition and analysis of time-tagged events is a ubiquitous tool in scientific and industrial applications. With increasing time resolution, number of input channels, and acquired events, the amount of data can be overwhelming for standard processing techniques. We developed the Extensible Time-tag Analyzer (ETA), a powerful and versatile, yet easy to use software to efficiently analyze and display time-tagged data. Our tool allows for flexible extraction of correlation from time-tagged data beyond start-stop measurements that were traditionally used. A combination of state diagrams and simple code snippets allows for analysis of arbitrary complexity while keeping computational efficiency high.

  • 16. Lin, Zuzeng
    et al.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Efficient toolbox for correlation of time tagged measurementsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Extracting correlations from time-series data is a wide-spread analysing method for large data sets, giving insights in temporal dynamics over several orders ofmagnitudes. However, the efficient correlation extraction and processing of big data is still a challenge widely encountered, independent of the application and research field. In optics, correlations among photon detection events can often yield insight into underlying physical processes. The recent advent of time-tagging techniques for photon detection events with timing resolution compa-rable to the coherence and lifetimes of quantum emitters offers an alternative to the well established start-stop histograms obtained directly with correlation electronics. Here we introduce a versatile toolbox for analysis of time tagged data, enabling extraction of a wide range of information from one measurement. A user of our software can specify the desired analysis method using a combination of graphical and traditional programming. Automatically selecting an appropriate algorithm, a just-in-time compiler combines these two inputs into an intermediate representation, which is then compiled into assembly code optimized for the target computer’s architecture. This procedure optimizes for fast analysis of large time tag files at the cost of upfront compilation time while maintaining flexibility. Our program finds uses in single molecule, LIDAR, quantum entanglement and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements, as well as quantum key distribution protocols in which data from remote detectors needs to be synchronized and correlated. Our software is optimized and modular, offering high processing speed and extensibility.

  • 17.
    Prencipe, Alessandro
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Nanostructure Physics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Baghban, Mohammad Amin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zichi, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Elshaari, Ali W.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Gallo, Katia
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Nanostructure Physics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Wavelength meter on thin film lithium niobate based on superconducting single photon detectors2023In: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) present significant benefits with respect to table-top optical systems regarding footprint, stability, and power consumption. Among the materials used to fabricate PICs, thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) is one of the most attractive ones, as its χ(2) nonlinearity and electro-optic properties allow to implement on-chip light generation and routing [1]. On-chip detection of light has also been demonstrated on TFLN, based on the waveguide integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) [1]. Combining efficient detectors with TFLN nanophotonic waveguides holds promises for the realization of quantum photonics experiments fully on-chip. On the other hand, the sensitivity of SNSPDs changes with the wavelength of the detected photons [2], setting a boundary to the longest detectable wavelength and limiting the use of the wide transparency window of TFLN. However, this wavelength dependency in the response of SNSPDs can be leveraged to achieve new on-chip functionalities. In this work, by performing a straightforward analysis of the light signal measured at different bias currents [2], we operate hairpin SNSPDs on TFLN as waveguide-integrated wavelength-meters in the telecom bandwidth.

  • 18.
    Prencipe, Alessandro
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Baghban, Mohammad Amin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zichi, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Elshaari, Ali W.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Gallo, Katia
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Wavelength-Sensitive Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors on Thin Film Lithium Niobate Waveguides2023In: Nano Letters, ISSN 1530-6984, E-ISSN 1530-6992, Vol. 23, no 21, p. 9748-9752Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lithium niobate, because of its nonlinear and electro-optical properties, is one of the materials of choice for photonic applications. The development of nanostructuring capabilities of thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) permits fabrication of small footprint, low-loss optical circuits. With the recent implementation of on-chip single-photon detectors, this architecture is among the most promising for realizing on-chip quantum optics experiments. In this Letter, we report on the implementation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) based on NbTiN on 300 nm thick TFLN ridge nano-waveguides. We demonstrate a waveguide-integrated wavelength meter based on the photon energy dependence of the superconducting detectors. The device operates at the telecom C- and L-bands and has a footprint smaller than 300 × 180 μm2 and critical currents between ∼12 and ∼14 μA, which ensures operation with minimum heat dissipation. Our results hold promise for future densely packed on-chip wavelength-multiplexed quantum communication systems.

  • 19.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Correlation spectroscopy with epitaxial quantum dots: Single-photons alone in the dark.2020Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The advent of quantum computation promises exciting advances, not only in fields like medicine and metrology, but many industries that rely on parameter-heavy calculations or simulation of molecular interaction. At the same time Shor's algorithm for quantum computers presents a threat to current asymmetric encryption protocols used in everyday communication. Flying qubits, i.e. single-photons, can help mitigate this problem via quantum key distribution, which is insusceptible to an increase in computational power. In addition, they can link quantum computers, forming a quantum network, so that quantum states can be transmitted between them. Sources of flying qubits need good performance in key metrics like single--photon purity, repetition rate, indistinguishability and brightness to become useful in these applications. They should ideally emit strongly entangled pairs of photons and be matched to other quantum technologies in bandwidth and emission energy.

    In this thesis the emission characteristics of single epitaxial quantum dots, the single-photon source of our choice, are investigated. Strongly entangled photon-pair emission is demonstrated for three different quantum-dot systems:

    • InAsP quantum dots embedded in nanowire waveguides, suitable for integration into photonic circuits, show emission of single photons and entangled photon pairs under non-resonant and quasi-resonant excitation. Violation of Bell's inequality is demonstrated using the traditional set of polarization angles.
    • GaAs quantum dots grown in droplet--etched nanoholes are tested with two resonant excitation methods: Using resonance fluorescence, near-unity indistinguishability and re-excitation limited single-photon purity, albeit not simultaneously with laser-inherited bandwidth, are measured. Using two-photon resonant excitation we set a new standard for single-photon purity, can generate pairs of entangled photons but suffer from reduced indistinguishability. In addition, nanofabrication of paraboloid shaped reflectors for enhanced extraction efficiency of photons and strain-tuning of the emission energy into resonance with the 87Rb D1-line are demonstrated.
    • Strain-tunable InAs quantum dots emitting in the telecom C-band are investigated under above-band excitation and two different resonant two-photon excitation techniques, all of which cause pure single-photon emission. Using the robust phonon-assisted two-photon excitation technique, close-to ideal entangled photon-pair emission is demonstrated.

    For many of these findings photon arrival times were recorded over many hours with temporal precision on the order of 10 ps. We have developed a user-friendly, yet versatile piece of software in order to extract as much information as possible from this vast amount of data.

    These results will facilitate integration of quantum dot based single- and entangled-photon sources into future quantum networks and quantum key distribution systems.

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  • 20.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    Zichi, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Elshaari, Ali W.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Fognini, A.
    Zadeh, I. E.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Generating, manipulating and detecting quantum states of light at the nanoscale2018In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, OSA - The Optical Society , 2018Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We generate, manipulate and detect light at the single photon level with semiconducting and superconducting nanowires.

  • 21.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    da Silva, Saimon Filipe Covre
    Huang, Huiying
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Reindl, Marcus
    Zichi, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Rastelli, Armando
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    On-demand generation of background-free single photons from a solid-state source2018In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 112, no 9, article id 093106Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    True on-demand high-repetition-rate single-photon sources are highly sought after for quantum information processing applications. However, any coherently driven two-level quantum system suffers from a finite re-excitation probability under pulsed excitation, causing undesirable multi-photon emission. Here, we present a solid-state source of on-demand single photons yielding a raw second-order coherence of g((2)) (0) = (7.5 +/- 1.6) x 10(-5) without any background subtraction or data processing. To this date, this is the lowest value of g((2)) (0) Peported for any single-photon source even compared to the previously reported best background subtracted values. We achieve this result on GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots embedded in a low-Q planar cavity by employing (i) a two-photon excitation process and (ii) a filtering and detection setup featuring two superconducting single-photon detectors with ultralow dark-count rates of (0.0056 +/- 0.0007) s(-1) and (0.017 +/- 0.001) s(-1), respectively. Re-excitation processes are dramatically suppressed by (i), while (ii) removes false coincidences resulting in a negligibly low noise floor.

  • 22.
    Schöll, Eva
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Hanschke, Lukas
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zeuner, Katharina D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Reindl, Marcus
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    da Silva, Saimon Filipe Covre
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Sapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale A Moro 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Finley, Jonathan J.
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Mueller, Kai
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Rastelli, Armando
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Resonance Fluorescence of GaAs Quantum Dots with Near-Unity Photon Indistinguishability2019In: Nano letters (Print), ISSN 1530-6984, E-ISSN 1530-6992, Vol. 19, no 4, p. 2404-2410Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Photonic quantum technologies call for scalable quantum light sources that can be integrated, while providing the end user with single and entangled photons on demand. One promising candidate is strain free GaAs/A1GaAs quantum dots obtained by aluminum droplet etching. Such quantum dots exhibit ultra low multi-photon probability and an unprecedented degree of photon pair entanglement. However, different to commonly studied InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots obtained by the Stranski-Krastanow mode, photons with a near-unity indistinguishability from these quantum emitters have proven to be elusive so far. Here, we show on-demand generation of near-unity indistinguishable photons from these quantum emitters by exploring pulsed resonance fluorescence. Given the short intrinsic lifetime of excitons and trions confined in the GaAs quantum dots, we show single photon indistinguishability with a raw visibility of V-raw = (95.0(-6.1)(+5.0))%, without the need for Purcell enhancement. Our results represent a milestone in the advance of GaAs quantum dots by demonstrating the final missing property standing in the way of using these emitters as a key component in quantum communication applications, e.g., as quantum light sources for quantum repeater architectures.

  • 23.
    Schöll, Eva
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Paderborn Univ, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany..
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Hanschke, Lukas
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Schellingstr 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany..
    Zeuner, Katharina D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Sbresny, Friedrich
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Schellingstr 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany..
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Trivedi, Rahul
    Stanford Univ, Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Reindl, Marcus
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    da Silva, Saimon Filipe Covre
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Sapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale A Moro 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy..
    Finley, Jonathan J.
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Schellingstr 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept, D-85748 Garching, Germany..
    Vuckovic, Jelena
    Stanford Univ, Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Mueller, Kai
    Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Tech Univ Munich, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;Munich Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol, Schellingstr 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany..
    Rastelli, Armando
    Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Inst Semicond & Solid State Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria..
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. Paderborn Univ, Dept Phys, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany..
    Crux of Using the Cascaded Emission of a Three-Level Quantum Ladder System to Generate Indistinguishable Photons2020In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 125, no 23, article id 233605Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate the degree of indistinguishability of cascaded photons emitted from a three-level quantum ladder system; in our case the biexciton-exciton cascade of semiconductor quantum dots. For the three-level quantum ladder system we theoretically demonstrate that the indistinguishability is inherently limited for both emitted photons and determined by the ratio of the lifetimes of the excited and intermediate states. We experimentally confirm this finding by comparing the quantum interference visibility of noncascaded emission and cascaded emission from the same semiconductor quantum dot. Quantum optical simulations produce very good agreement with the measurements and allow us to explore a large parameter space. Based on our model, we propose photonic structures to optimize the lifetime ratio and overcome the limited indistinguishability of cascaded photon emission from a three-level quantum ladder system.

  • 24.
    Schöll, Eva
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Hanschke, Lukas
    Zeuner, Katharina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Sbresny, Friedrich
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Trivedi, Rahul
    Reindl, Marcus
    Covre da Silva, Saimon Filipe
    Trotta, Rinaldo
    Finley, Jonathan J.
    Vuckovic, Jelena
    Müller, Kai
    Rastelli, Armando
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    The crux of using the cascaded emission of a 3-level quantum ladder system to generate indistinguishable photonsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate the degree of indistinguishability of cascaded photons emitted from a 3–level quantum ladder system; in our case the biexciton–exciton cascade of semiconductor quantum dots. For the 3–level quantum ladder system we theoretically demonstrate that the indistinguishability is inherently limited for both emitted photons and determined by the ratio of the lifetimes of the excited and intermediate states. We experimentally confirm this finding by comparing the quantum interference visibility of non–cascaded emission and cascaded emission from the same semiconductor quantum dot. Quantum optical simulations produce very good agreement with the measurements and allow to explore a large parameter space. Based on our model, we propose photonic structures too ptimize the lifetime ratio and overcome the limited indistinguishability of cascaded photon emission from a 3–level quantum ladder system.

  • 25.
    Staffas, Theodor
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Brunzell, Martin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    3D scanning quantum LIDAR2022In: 2022 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2022: Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is a powerful imaging technique. By utilising a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) we construct a 3D scanning LIDAR system operating with eye-safe infrared laser pulses and millimeter precision. 

  • 26.
    Staffas, Theodor
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Brunzell, Martin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    3D scanning quantum LIDAR2022In: Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA) , 2022, article id AM2K.1Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is a powerful imaging technique. By utilising a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) we construct a 3D scanning LIDAR system operating with eye-safe infrared laser pulses and millimeter precision.

  • 27.
    Versteegh, Marijn A. M.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Bajo, Josip
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Soro, Ariadna
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Microtechnol & Nanosci, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Romanova, Alena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany..
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Mysyrowicz, Andre
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Opt Appl, ENSTA, F-91762 Palaiseau, France..
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Giant Rydberg excitons in Cu2O probed by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy2021In: Physical Review B, ISSN 2469-9950, E-ISSN 2469-9969, Vol. 104, no 24, article id 245206Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Rydberg excitons are, with their ultrastrong mutual interactions, giant optical nonlinearities, and very high sensitivity to external fields, promising for applications in quantum sensing and nonlinear optics at the singlephoton level. To design quantum applications it is necessary to know how Rydberg excitons and other excited states relax to lower-lying exciton states. Here, we present photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy as a method to probe transition probabilities from various excitonic states in cuprous oxide. We show giant Rydberg excitons at T = 38 mK with principal quantum numbers up to n = 30, corresponding to a calculated diameter of 3 mu m.

  • 28.
    Yang, Lily
    et al.
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Strambini, Elia
    CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, Piazza S Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza S Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy..
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Versteegh, Marijn A. M.
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Centres, Albanova VinnExcellence Center for Protein Technology, ProNova. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Zannier, Valentina
    CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, Piazza S Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza S Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy..
    Sorba, Lucia
    CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, Piazza S Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza S Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy..
    Solenov, Dmitry
    St Louis Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63103 USA..
    Giazotto, Francesco
    CNR, Ist Nanosci, NEST, Piazza S Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.;Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Piazza S Silvestro 12, I-56127 Pisa, Italy..
    Proximitized Josephson junctions in highly-doped InAs nanowires robust to optical illumination2021In: Nanotechnology, ISSN 0957-4484, E-ISSN 1361-6528, Vol. 32, no 7, article id 075001Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied the effects of optical-frequency light on proximitized InAs/Al Josephson junctions based on highly n-doped InAs nanowires at varying incident photon flux and at three different photon wavelengths. The experimentally obtained IV curves were modeled using a resistively shunted junction model which takes scattering at the contact interfaces into account. Despite the fact that the InAs weak link is photosensitive, the Josephson junctions were found to be surprisingly robust, interacting with the incident radiation only through heating, whereas above the critical current our devices showed non-thermal effects resulting from photon exposure. Our work indicates that Josephson junctions based on highly-doped InAs nanowires can be integrated in close proximity to photonic circuits. The results also suggest that such junctions can be used for optical-frequency photon detection through thermal processes by measuring a shift in critical current.

  • 29.
    Zeuner, Katharina D.
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Paul, Matthias
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Reuterskiold Hedlund, Carl
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Yang, Lily
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zichi, Julien
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    A stable wavelength-tunable triggered source of single photons and cascaded photon pairs at the telecom C-band2018In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 112, no 17, article id 173102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The implementation of fiber-based long-range quantum communication requires tunable sources of single photons at the telecom C-band. Stable and easy-to-implement wavelength-tunability of individual sources is crucial to (i) bring remote sources into resonance, (ii) define a wavelength standard, and (iii) ensure scalability to operate a quantum repeater. So far, the most promising sources for true, telecom single photons are semiconductor quantum dots, due to their ability to deterministically and reliably emit single and entangled photons. However, the required wavelength-tunability is hard to attain. Here, we show a stable wavelength-tunable quantum light source by integrating strain-released InAs quantum dots on piezoelectric substrates. We present triggered single-photon emission at 1.55 mu m with a multi-photon emission probability as low as 0.097, as well as photon pair emission from the radiative biexciton-exciton cascade. We achieve a tuning range of 0.25 nm which will allow us to spectrally overlap remote quantum dots or tuning distant quantum dots into resonance with quantum memories. This opens up realistic avenues for the implementation of photonic quantum information processing applications at telecom wavelengths. 

  • 30.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Carl
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Nunez Lobato, Carlos
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Wang, Kai
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schöll, Eva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    On-Demand Generation of Entangled Photon Pairs in the Telecom C-Band with InAs Quantum Dots2021In: ACS Photonics, E-ISSN 2330-4022, Vol. 8, no 8, p. 2337-2344Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Entangled photons are an integral part in quantum optics experiments and a key resource in quantum imaging, quantum communication, and photonic quantum information processing. Making this resource available on-demand has been an ongoing scientific challenge with enormous progress in recent years. Of particular interest is the potential to transmit quantum information over long distances, making photons the only reliable flying qubit. Entangled photons at the telecom C-band could be directly launched into single-mode optical fibers, enabling worldwide quantum communication via existing telecommunication infrastructure. However, the on-demand generation of entangled photons at this desired wavelength window has been elusive. Here, we show a photon pair generation efficiency of 69.9 +/- 3.6% in the telecom C-band by an InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot on a metamorphic buffer layer. Using a robust phonon-assisted two-photon excitation scheme we measure a maximum concurrence of 91.4 +/- 3.8% and a peak fidelity to the Phi(+) state of 95.2 +/- 1.1%, verifying on-demand generation of strongly entangled photon pairs and marking an important milestone for interfacing quantum light sources with our classical fiber networks.

  • 31.
    Zeuner, Katharina
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Jöns, Klaus D.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schweickert, Lucas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics.
    Reuterskiöld-Hedlund, Carl
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Nuñez Lobato, Carlos
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum Nano Photonics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Lettner, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Kai, Wang
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Gyger, Samuel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Schöll, Eva
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Steinhauer, Stephan
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    Hammar, Mattias
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT. KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Electronics. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.
    Zwiller, Val
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.
    On-demand generation of entangled photon pairs in the telecom C-band for fiber-based quantum networksManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    On–demand sources of entangled photons for the transmission of quantum information in the telecom C–band are required to realize fiber–based quantum networks. So far, non–deterministic sources of quantum states of light were used for long distance entanglement distribution in this lowest loss wavelength range. However, they are fundamentally limited in either efficiency or security due to their Poissonian emission statistics. Here, we show on–demand generation of entangled photon pairs in the telecom C-band by an InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot. Using a robust phonon–assisted excitation scheme we measurea concurrence of 91.4% and a fidelity of 95.2% to Φ+ . On–demand generation of polarization entangled photons will enable secure quantum communication in fiber–based networks.Furthermore, applying this excitation scheme to several remote quantum dots tuned into resonance will enable first on–demand entanglement distribution over large distances for scalable real–life quantum applications.

1 - 31 of 31
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