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  • 1.
    Bohgard, Mats
    et al.
    Lunds Universitet.
    Karlsson, StigLuleå tekniska universitet.Lovén, EvaLinköpings universitet.Mikaelsson, Lars-ÅkeMittuniversitetet.Mårtensson, LenaKTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Work Science.Osvalder, Anna-LisaChalmers tekniska högskola.Rose, Linda M.KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.Ulfvengren, PernillaKTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
    Arbete och teknik på människans villkor2008Collection (editor) (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Bohgard, Mats
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Karlsson, Stig
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköpings universitet.
    Mikaelsson, Lars-Åke
    Mittuniversitetet.
    Mårtensson, Lena
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
    Osvalder, Anna-Lisa
    Chalmers tekniska högskola.
    Rose, Linda M.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Ulfvengren, Pernilla
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
    Designing work and technology on human terms2009In: Work and technology on human terms / [ed] Bohgard, M., Karlsson, S., Lovén, E., Mikaelsson, L.-Å., Mårtensson, L., Osvalder, A.-L., Rose, L., & Ulfvengren, P, Stockholm: Prevent , 2009, 1:1, p. 9-18Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 3.
    Bohgard, Mats
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Karlsson, StigLuleå tekniska universitet.Lovén, EvaLinköpings universitet.Mikaelsson, Lars-ÅkeMittuniversitetet.Mårtensson, LenaKTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Work Science.Osvalder, Anna-LisaChalmers tekniska högskola.Rose, Linda M.KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.Ulfvengren, PernillaKTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
    Work and technology on human terms2009Collection (editor) (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Bohgard, Mats
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Karlsson, Stig
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköpings universitet.
    Mikaelsson, Lars-Åke
    Mittuniversitetet.
    Osvalder, Anna-Lisa
    Chalmers tekniska högskola.
    Rose, Linda M.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Ulfvengren, Pernilla
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM).
    Att utforma arbete och teknik på människans villkor2008In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor / [ed] Bohgard, M., Karlsson, S., Lovén, E., Mikaelsson, L.-Å., Mårtensson, L., Osvalder, A.-L., Rose, L., & Ulfvengren, P., Stockholm: Prevent , 2008, 1:1, p. 9-17Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 5.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    A network organisation supporting innovative product design2009In: Organising Work for Innovation and Growth: Experiences and efforts in ten companies / [ed] Marianne Döös, Lena Wilhelmson, Stockholm: Vinnova , 2009, p. 129-143Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Forsman, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Yang, Liyun
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Eriksson, Andrea
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Barman, Linda
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Learning in Stem.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Systematic risk management with RAMP for riskassessment and adapted changes - an implementation study2022In: NES2022 WORK WELL Conference Proceedings Research / [ed] Österman & Lindblom, 2022, p. 156-157Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    RAMP (Risk Assessment and Management tool for manual handling – Proactively), is arisk management tool focusing on manual handling work. Since 2017 RAMP has beenspread to over 105 countries. More than other methods, RAMP supports the entire riskmanagement process. RAMP is based on risk factors documented in scientific literature,and it has been evaluated regarding usability and reliability. It is now used for MSDrisk management in many organisations. The feedback from RAMP users is positive,and there are indications of reductions in sick absence.The purpose of the ongoing project is to investigate a selection of effects thatimplementation entails and to examine the implementation of RAMP from a leadershipand system perspective. Specific questions are: What happens when a companyimplements RAMP? Are the risk factors reduced? What affects the change? Whatstrategies do companies use when implementing RAMP? Are the effects of whichstrategies companies apply when implementing affected? What are the facilitators andbarriers to the implementation of this risk management method?The project is carried out as an implementation study based on mixed methods incollaboration between researchers and four production companies and two FHV actors.The effects and implementation of RAMP will be evaluated by comparing risk levels,qualitative interviews, document analyses, questionnaires and structured observationsof work processes. For changes in risk factors, RAMP risk assessments, which includeobservations and objectivemeasurements of push-pull forces, carried out at baseline andat follow-up will be compared. If possible, in addition to the above data collection, thecompany's own data on sick leave, productivity and quality (eg quality deficiency data)will be included and monitored over time.Implementations and effects of RAMP will be summarized in so-called logicalmodels. These models will identify inputs (e.g. time and resources set aside forimplementation), activities (e.g. training and measures implemented), intermediate(short-term) outcomes (e.g. the extent to which RAMP is used in the systematic workenvironment work and in the entire process for risk management, how much of the highrisks have been reduced, what type of measures have been taken and how the riskawareness has developed among employees), long-term outcomes (e.g. employees'perception of the workload, perceived health and perceived problems), and possiblylong-term outcomes (e.g. changes in sick absence, quality and productivity as well assharing good examples within the organisation).157At this point in the project, the questionnaire has been designed, companies havebeen contacted, and data collection at the first company, that now has assigned animplementation strategy, is about to start.The project is expected to show what effects on the work environment (possibly alsohealth, quality and productivity) that systematic application of the RAMP method canhave, aswell aswhich of the studied factors affect the implementation and to what extentthey do so. The results are expected to lead to new knowledge in the area of systematicrisk management and implementation strategies.

  • 7.
    Franzon, Helena
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Praktikertjänst.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    A usability study of the SRA Index (Sustainable Risk Awareness Index)- a KPI for Management Support2022In: NES2022 WORK WELL Conference Proceedings / [ed] Österman & Lindblom, 2022, p. 147-154Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Companies use risk observations and work environment (WE) deviations such as occupationalaccidents and occupational illnesses to prevent injuries. There is no standard for how risks andoccupational injuries are reported. Praktikertjänst's management requests a standard as ameasure that can be used to work more proactively with health and safety and supportsustainable business development. Therefore, the SRA method was developed for calculatingand visualizing a work environment KPI related to the severity of WE deviations, the SRA Index.(Sustainable Risk Awareness Index for management support). Existing data (risk observations,near misses, work-related accidents and work-related illnesses) are used for calculating the SRAIndex. In this study the usability of the SRA Index was evaluated with a questionnaire amongwork environment experts. They assessed the SRA method to be easy to understand, to havehigh usability and to be valuable for assessing an organisation’s risk awareness.

  • 8.
    Franzon, Helena
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Praktikertjänst, Adolf Fredriks Kyrkogata 9, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    The SRA Index (Sustainable Risk Awareness Index): A New KPI for Management Support2021In: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Springer Nature , 2021, p. 457-466Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective with this project is to develop a key performance indicator (KPI) related to work environment deviations, such as risk observations, near misses and injuries. This as a support for managers decision making in steering companies towards higher risk awareness as well as to contribute to the development of safer and more sustainable work environments and jobs. In addition, the aim is to contribute to a work environment (WE) reporting standard with a KPI related to the severity of WE deviations. Based on a literature study an iterative development of such a KPI has resulted in the Sustainable Risk Awareness Index (the SRA Index) and a visualization of it and its components using the Risk Awareness Triangle, also developed in this project. The development of the SRA Index is described and the index is exemplified with data from the electrical installation sector, the healthcare industry and one of Sweden’s largest private health company. Also the Risk Triangle is exemplified. The need for and the advantages of standardized methods to report WE deviations in companies sustainability reports are discussed. It is concluded that initial use of this KPI, according to management, fills an identified gap, it provides the management with a usable tool for systematic work environment overview and it supports their informed decision-making.

  • 9.
    Hallén, Karin
    et al.
    ERAK, Ergonomi & Akustik HB.
    Orrenius, Ulf E
    ERAK, Ergonomi & Akustik HB.
    Rose, Linda M.
    ERAK, Ergonomi & Akustik HB.
    Ergonomisk utvärdering av rollatorprototyp ”Walker”2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport sammanfattar en jämförande studie av Trionics rollatorprototyp ”Walker” och två konventionella utomhusrollatorer. Studien har omfattat litteraturgenomgång, tekniska tester främst avseende forcering av hinder, samt användartester med tio rollatoranvändare som efter ett par veckors provanvändning av ”Walker” jämfört denna med sin ordinarie rollator. Vid användartesterna har främst intervjuer, subjektiva skattningar och EMG analys använts.

    Den ergonomiska analysen visar att Walker är överlägsen de konventionella rollatorerna vid passage av typiska hinder, såsom trottoarkanter och trädrötter. Kraftåtgången för att forcera en trottoarkant uppmättes till att vara 6-12 gånger större för de testade konventionella rollatorerna jämfört med Walker. I användarutvärderingen fick Walker högre betyg i alla testade utomhusmiljöer jämfört med användarnas ordinarie rollatorer. Den enda miljön där Walker bedömdes ha en sämre funktion än de medverkandes ordinarie rollator var i affärer. Dessutom uppskattas flera andra funktioner av användarna, såsom designen, bromsen och värdefickan. Däremot har Walker vissa brister gentemot konventionella rollatorer vad avser övrig hanterbarhet som hopfällning och smidighet vid passage genom dörrar etc. Speciellt de äldre användarna upplevde att Walker behöver vidareutvecklas i dessa avseenden. I rapporten ges förslag på förbättringar av Walker, såväl från författarna som från de medverkande i studien.  

    Efter avslutad testperiod fick de medverkande användarna svara på frågan om de ville behålla Walker i stället för sin ordinarie rollator. Av de nio som svarade ville sju hellre behålla Walker rollatorn. Samtliga fem medverkande som använde rollator pga. av funktionsnedsättning orsakad av handikapp eller sjukdom ville behålla Walker medan hälften av dem som använde rollator pga. åldersskäl ville behålla den.

    Huvudslutsatsen av studien är att Walker är ergonomiskt fördelaktig jämfört med konventionella utomhusrollatorer i flera avseenden, speciellt vid användning i terräng och vid hinderpassage. Den upplevs mycket positivt av de yngre medverkande i utvärderingen. Förbättringspotential har konstaterats för vissa funktioner, speciellt vad avser hantering i trånga miljöer och möjligheten att fälla ihop rollatorn.

  • 10.
    Hallén, Karin
    et al.
    ERAK, Ergonomi & Akustik.
    Rose, Linda M
    ERAK, Ergonomi & Akustik.
    Studie av pressmaskiner för VS-arbete2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I denna rapport redovisas resultaten av en studie om pressmaskiner på uppdrag av parterna VVS Installatörerna och Byggnads. Tidigare har det uppmärksammats att maskinen är tung och att arbete med den ofta sker i ogynnsamma arbetsställningar över axelhöjd. Målet med projektet har varit att göra en översiktlig kartläggning av vilka maskiner som används för att pressa ihop VS-rör samt att göra en bedömning av arbetsmiljöaspekterna av detta monteringsarbete. Det har genomförts med montörer från tre företag i Stockholmsområdet.

    En litteraturstudie har genomförts och sammanställts. Arbetsplatsanalyser har gjorts med tio medverkande montörer. Vid dessa har subjektiva metoder såsom intervjuer och skattningar med VIDAR och Borgs CR-10 skala använts och objektiva metoder såsom EMG-metoder, biomekaniska datorsimuleringar och beräkningar.

    Resultaten visar att det finns olika maskin- och kopplingstyper, men inte någon gemensam standard för maskiner, backar eller kopplingar. I rapporten ges en sammanställning av de maskintyper som de återförsäljare och rörföretag som medverkat anser vara vanligast. Den ergonomiska analysen visar att många av de arbetsmoment med pressmaskin i tak som analyserats är olämpliga ur ergonomisk synpunkt. Arbetsställningarna vid fogning av rör i tak leder till ogynnsamma belastningar. Man arbetar ofta med armarna över axelhöjd, med vridna och böjda arbetsställningar och leder nära eller i ytterläge vilket bidrar till detta. De hanterade maskinerna och backarna (käftarna) som påträffats i studien väger tillsammans mellan 2,5 och 9 kg.

    I hur stor omfattning pressfogar används har varit svårt att klargöra i studien. Kontaktpersonerna på rörföretagen och återförsäljarna samt montörerna som medverkat i studien bedömde att 40 % eller mer av alla rörfogar pressas. Detta motsägs dock av det faktum att det var svårt att hitta objekt i Stockholmsområdet där man använde pressfogning under den sexveckorsperiod som fältstudien genomfördes.

    Arbetet som utförs över axelhöjd med att iordningsställa rör inför fogning samt fogning uppskattas av montörerna utgöra ungefär en tredjedel av arbetstiden. Av denna tid utgör själva fogningen en liten del. Används pressning är den muskuloskeletala belastningen högre än vid svetsning/lödning, men fogningstiden är kortare vid pressning än vid svetsning/lödning.

    En slutsats av studien är att arbete med att pressfoga rör i tak är ergonomiskt sett olämpligt. De ogynnsamma arbetsställningarna i sig är en huvudorsak till detta. Å andra sidan medför de befintliga alternativa arbetsmetoderna också höga belastningar, främst genom att arbetsställningarna är likartade. Därför kan även de befintliga alternativa metoderna vara ogynnsamma, även om dessa inte varit i fokus i denna studie.

    I rapporten ges även förslag på fortsatt arbete, t.ex. utveckling av nya koncept för fogning av rör. Ett annat är en kartläggning av hur mycket man exponeras för ogynnsamma arbetsställningar och andra riskfaktorer vid olika fogningsmetoder, samt mer information om återhämtningstider efter sådant arbete. Det skulle ge ett bättre underlag för prioriteringar i arbetsmiljöarbetet, eftersom man i den ergonomiska bedömningen också bör väga in typ av arbete (statiskt/dynamiskt) och tidsaspekter (bl.a. exponeringstid).

  • 11.
    Insanic, Jasmina
    et al.
    KTH.
    Rose, Linda M
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH).
    Österman, Cecilia
    Kalmar Maritime Academy, Linnaeus University.
    Expert user perspectives of the Ergo-Index model for analysis of work tasks2017In: NES2017 Conference Proceedings: JOY AT WORK / [ed] Anna-Lisa osvalder, Mikael Blomé, Hajnalka Bodnar, 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate an updated beta version of Ergo-Index, a digital tool for ergonomic risk assessments. The evaluation was performed with 15 expert users who assessed type, distance, height and exposure time of certain work tasks, as well as the usability of the tool. In conclusion, the users find the present state of the Ergo-Index suitable as a first screening method. Assessments of lifting work have the greatest inter-rater reliability. Further development of the digitalized version of the tool is needed to improve accuracy assessing input regarding pushing and pulling work tasks, and to increase usability.

  • 12. Karlsson, Stig
    et al.
    Osvalder, Anna-Lisa
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Design processes2009In: Work and technology on human terms / [ed] M Bogard et al, Prevent , 2009Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 13. Karlsson, Stig
    et al.
    Osvalder, Anna-Lisa
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Odenrick, Per
    Utvecklingsprocesser2008In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor / [ed] M Bogard et al, Prevent , 2008Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 14.
    Lagerström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Prevent.
    Rose, Linda M
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköpings universitet.
    Arbetsmiljö och ekonomi2008In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor / [ed] Bohgard, M., Karlsson, S., Lovén, E., Mikaelsson, L.-Å., Mårtensson, L., Osvalder, A.-L., Rose, L., & Ulfvengren, P, Stockholm: Prevent , 2008, 1:1, p. 637-662Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 15.
    Lagerström, Gunnar
    et al.
    Prevent.
    Rose, Linda M
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Lovén, Eva
    Linköpings universitet.
    Work environment and economics2009In: Work and technology on human terms / [ed] Bohgard, M., Karlsson, S., Lovén, E., Mikaelsson, L.-Å., Mårtensson, L., Osvalder, A.-L., Rose, L., & Ulfvengren, P, Stockholm: Prevent , 2009, 1:1, p. 633-658Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 16.
    Lind, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    A practitioner model for assessing manual lifting and lowering operations: included in the RAMP tool2015In: The 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A recently developed model intended to be used by practitioners and ergonomists in themanufacturing and logistics industry for assessment of physical ergonomic risks related to manuallifting and lowering operations is presented. The model is constructed using the revised NIOSH liftingequation (RNLE) as a basis, but it has been modified to enhance its usability, regarding (1)simplifications of the existing factors in the RNLE, (2) adding new factors and (3) a more conservativejudgment of lifts performed at low and high vertical heights. In addition, a survey regarding theusability of the new lifting model including twenty-two ergonomists/physiotherapists is presented,

  • 17.
    Lind, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Forsman, Mikael
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Development and evaluation of RAMP I – a practitioner’s tool for screening of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in manual handling2019In: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE), ISSN 1080-3548, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 165-180, article id 10.1080/10803548.2017.1364458Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    RAMP I is a screening tool developed to support practitioners in screening for work-related musculoskeletal disorder riskfactors related to manual handling. RAMP I, which is part of the RAMP tool, is based on research-based studies combinedwith expert group judgments. More than 80 practitioners participated in the development of RAMP I. The tool consistsof dichotomous assessment items grouped into seven categories. Acceptable reliability was found for a majority of theassessment items for 15 practitioners who were given 1 h of training. The usability evaluation points to RAMP I beingusable for screening for musculoskeletal disorder risk factors, i.e., usable for assessing risks, being usable as a decision base,having clear results and that the time needed for an assessment is acceptable. It is concluded that RAMP I is a usable toolfor practitioners.

  • 18.
    Lind, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Forsman, Mikael
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Development and evaluation of RAMP I: a practitioner tool for screening for musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in manual handling2017Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    RAMP I is a screening tool developed to support practitioners in screening for work-related musculoskeletal disorder risk factors related to manual handling. RAMP I, which is part of the RAMP tool, is based on research based studies combined with expert group judgments. More than 80 practitioners participated in the development of RAMP I. The tool constitutes of dichotomous assessment items grouped in seven categories. Acceptable reliability was found for a majority of the assessment items for 15 practitioners who were given 1h training. The usability evaluation points to RAMP I being usable for screening for musculoskeletal disorder risk factors, i.e., usable for assessing risks, usable as a decision base, has clear results, and the time needed for an assessment is acceptable. It is concluded that RAMP I is a valuable tool for practitioners.

  • 19.
    Lind, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Forsman, Mikael
    Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SWEDEN.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Development and evaluation of RAMP II: a practitioner’s tool for assessing musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in industrial manual handlingManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Lind, Carl Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Forsman, Mikael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda Maria
    Development and evaluation of RAMP II - a practitioner’s tool for assessing musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in industrial manual handling2020In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 63, no 4, p. 477-504Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    RAMP II is an observation-based tool developed for assessing a wide range of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors related to industrial manual handling. RAMP II, which is part of the RAMP tool, is based on research studies and expert judgments. The assessment relies mainly on direct or video observations of the work being assessed, but additionally on measured push/pull forces and weights of handled objects, and on perceived workload and discomfort. Over 80 practitioners participated in the development of the tool. According to the evaluations, 73% of the assessment items evaluated had acceptable reliability, and the majority of the potential end-users reported that RAMP II is usable for assessing risks and as a decision base. It is concluded that this study provides support that RAMP II is usable for risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in industrial manual handling. Practitioner summary: RAMP II is an observation-based assessment tool for screening and assessing major musculoskeletal exposures in industrial manual handling jobs. Over 80 practitioners participated in the development of the tool. This study provides support that RAMP II is usable for risk assessment of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in industrial manual handling. Abbreviations: CTS: carpal tunnel syndrome; HARM: the Hand Arm Risk Assessment method; IMP: intramuscular pressure; κw: linearly weighted kappa; LBD: lower back disorders; LBP: lower back pain; MAWL: maximum acceptable weight of lift; MHO: manual handling operations; MSD: musculoskeletal disorder; MNSD: neck-shoulder disorder; NSP: neck-shoulder pain; OCRA: the Occupational Repetitive Action methods; OHS: occupational health and safety; PABAK: prevalence and bias adjusted kappa; p0: proportion of agreement; RAMP: Risk Assessment and Management tool for manual handling Proactively; ROM: range of motion; RPL: risk and priority level; RSI: the Revised Strain Index; RULA: the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment; SWEA: Swedish Work Environment Authority; UEMSDs: upper-extremity work-related musculoskeletal disorders; WMSD: work-related musculoskeletal disorder; WRMSD: work-related musculoskeletal disorder; workday8h: eight hours workday.

  • 21.
    Lind, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Facilitating improvement measures in manual handling using the RAMP-tool2016In: Preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders in a global economy - Book of Abstracts, 2016, p. 137-137Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Lind, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Shifting to proactive risk management: Risk communication using the RAMP tool2016In: Agronomy Research, ISSN 1406-894X, Vol. 14, no 2, p. 513-524Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ergonomic risk factors are major contributors to work-related musculoskeletaldisorders and quality deficiencies in the manufacturing industry. Due to lack of tools or systemsthat can support a systematic risk management of these production and health related factors, anew risk management tool (RAMP) was developed. In this paper, the risk communication system(the Results module) of this tool is presented along with a description of its development. Anexample of how it can be used, based on assessments performed in industry, is given. Anevaluation of its usability, which included twenty practitioners active in the industry, givessupport to the notion that the system is usable both for risk communication and as a decision base.

  • 23.
    Lind, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Franzon, Helena
    Arla Foods.
    RAMP - Development of a risk assessment tool2012In: NES2012 Ergonomics for sustainability and growth / [ed] Antonsson A-B, Vogel K & Hägg GM, Stockholm, 2012, p. 14s-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Manual Materials Handling (MMH) and working in awkward postures are still important causes of MSDs. Proper ergonomic conditions can contribute to reduce absence from work, and are important prerequisites to ensure high quality and productivity. Risk assessment can be used to improve the working conditions by identifying important risk factors and support communication between key stakeholders in order to improve the working conditions.

    This paper presents an ongoing project called RAMP (Risk management Assessment tool for Manual handling Proactively), reported e.g. at NES 2011. The aim of the project is to develop a freely accessible load ergonomic risk assessment tool and to gain knowledge of contributing factors for implementation and usability of such a tool. The RAMP-tool is developed for assessing risk of MSDs, support communication of the main risk factors among stakeholders and support effective interventions. The project, mainly financed by AFA Insurance, is conducted in collaboration between KTH and companies in the manufacturing industry, mainly Arla Foods and Scania CV.

    Methods

    This far an overview of risk assessment tools which can be used to assess MMH activities and potentially be used by companies or OSH personnel has been performed including e.g. KIM, QEC, ART Tool, SES and Washington State Checklist. Interviews with companies in the manufacturing industry have been performed to gain insight of the companies’ use of risk assessment tools and their perception of their usability.

    Results

    The tool consists of two levels, RAMP I and RAMP II. The first level is intended for quick screening of work stations of occurrence (or not) of risk factors. If the screening indicates an occurrence of a risk factor, a more thorough analysis with the second level could be performed. RAMP II can be used for a more detailed analysis of the exposure to risk factors and point out the direction of possible improvements in order to reduce the exposure.

    A first prototype of the RAMP I has been evaluated by users, including managers, health and safety representatives, OSH personnel and workers.The tool will be further evaluated and refined after feedback from users. A preliminary version of the RAMP I will be presented at the conference and also preliminary results from the user tests.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Lind et al. RAMP - Development of a risk assessment tool. Abstract_book_NES2012
  • 24.
    Lind, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Franzon, Helena
    W Global Employee Cooperation, GEC H&S manager, Arla Foods, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nord-Nilsson, Lena
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics. Safety, Health and Environment Global Support, Scania CV AB Södertälje, Sweden.
    RAMP: Risk Management Assessment Tool for Manual Handling Proactively2014In: HUMAN FACTORS IN ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT – XINORDIC ERGONOMICS SOCIETY ANNUAL CONFERENCE – 46 / [ed] O. Broberg, N. Fallentin, P. Hasle, P.L. Jensen, A. Kabel, M.E. Larsen, T. Weller, 2014, p. 107-110Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an IT-based risk management tool called RAMP, risk assessment management tool for manual handling proactively. The tool consists of a checklist (RAMP I) and an assessment tool (RAMP II) which can be used to assess physicalrisk factors associated with manual handling activities in the production industry. The tool provides guidance for action plans and evaluations to promote improvement of occupational health and safety work at company level. Examples of the tool, its development and evaluation are presented.

    Download full text (pdf)
    Lind et al., 2014 RAMP : Risk Management Assessment Tool for Manual Handling Proactively
  • 25.
    Mazaheri, Ava
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Forsman, Mikael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Haettel, Romain
    Atlas Copco, Sweden.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Reaction force exposure for tightening tool users: A psychophysical based experimental study of electric pistol-grip nutrunnersManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Mazaheri, Ava
    et al.
    Dept Biomed Engn & Hlth Syst, Div Ergon, Halsovagen 11C, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.;Atlas Copco Ind Tech AB, Sickla Industrivag 19, S-10523 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Forsman, Mikael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Haettel, Romain
    Atlas Copco Ind Tech AB, Sickla Industrivag 19, S-10523 Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Reaction force exposure for tightening tool users: A psychophysical based experimental study of electric right-angle nutrunners2022In: Applied Ergonomics, ISSN 0003-6870, E-ISSN 1872-9126, Vol. 103, article id 103776Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reaction forces from nutrunner tools constitute a risk of developing MSDs. However, recommendations for sustainable reaction force levels are lacking. The aim of this study was to inform recommendations regarding reaction load exposures from right-angle nutrunners. Through a psychophysics approach, experienced assembly workers subjectively assessed reaction loads when using a nutrunner in six combinations of tool tightening strategy, work-pace and screw-joint stiffness. Electromyography, tool and joint parameters were measured. Regardless of tightening strategy, joint stiffness and work-pace combinations, no large differences in acceptable tightening torque, peak reaction force, and handle displacement were observed. However, acceptable jerk and impulse differed substantially between the TurboTight (R) (high-acceleration) and QuickStep (R) (conventional) tightening strategies. Although the TurboTight (R) strategy overall showed reduced peak muscular activities compared to the QuickStep (R), the participant-rated acceptable torque levels were similar, plausibly due to TurboTights' high jerk levels. Jerk and impulse are hypothesized to influence the perception of reaction loads.

  • 27.
    Mazaheri, Ava
    et al.
    KTH.
    Forsman, Mikael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Haettel, Romain
    KTH.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Reaction Force Exposure for Tightening Tool Users: An Experimental Study on Nutrunners2021In: Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 2021, p. 423-431Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 28.
    Mazaheri, Ava
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Atlas Copco Industrial Technique AB.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Reaction load exposure from handheld powered tightening tools: A scoping review2021In: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, ISSN 0169-8141, E-ISSN 1872-8219, Vol. 81, article id 103061Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Assembly workers using handheld powered tightening tools are repetitively subjected to reaction loads resulting from the tool handle. Despite the vast amount of research, tool manufacturers and OSH practitioners still lack well-grounded recommendations and benchmarks for ergonomics evaluations of reaction loads. This review provides an overview of research investigating reaction loads and operator physical demand, and identifies gaps in current means of evaluating reaction load exposure from tightening tools. A scoping review was conducted, scanning for quantifications of reaction loads as well as reported indications of MSD risks following tightening tool use. Suggested maximum exposures for reaction loads were further identified. The most commonly investigated quantities among the 40 publications included, were peak reaction force/torque (70%) and handle displacement (70%), followed by impulse (23%). Pneumatic tools were studied at greater extent (65%) than electric tools (30%). Three studies presented a relationship between reaction load exposure and physiological changes, i.e. edema, tissue oxygenation and blood volume changes, indicating an elevated risk of developing MSDs. Four publications proposed values for maximum reaction load exposure, expressed as either reaction torque, handle displacement, or tightening torque. To conclude, strategies for developing recommendations for reaction load exposure are suggested. Less investigated reaction parameters, e.g. impulse, can carry additional relevant information regarding exposure. Exposure values should be expressed as physical quantities of the reaction load rather than tightening torque. Recommendations are further needed for various tool handle-configurations, emphasizing the increasingly used electric tools. Such recommendations can eventually contribute to reducing MSDs resulting from tightening tool use.

  • 29.
    Mazaheri, Ava
    et al.
    Atlas Copco Industrial Technique AB, Sickla Industriväg 19, 105 23, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Reaction Parameters Linked to Cumulative Trauma Disorders during Use of Powered Tightening Tools: A Literature Review2019In: PREMUS 2019. 10th International Scientific Conference on the Prevention of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders.: From research to evidencebased sustainable interventions and practices, 2019, p. 255-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The impact of physical reactions on human operators generated byhandheld powered tightening tools has been researched by evaluating variousparameters, here referred to as ‘reaction parameters’. The objective of this literaturereview is to investigate which reaction parameters commonly are assessed duringphysical load evaluations of tightening tools, as well as reported correlations betweenreaction parameters and risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). Anadditional aim is to map exposure limits established for reaction parameters and identifyknowledge gaps regarding tightening tool impact on operators, if any.Methods: A systematic approach was adopted to review relevant literature, followingthe PRISMA flow-diagram. Synonyms of defined keywords were combined for search in3 databases. 76 articles were read and evaluated against inclusion criteria, of which 47articles where included in a qualitative synthesis. An overview of the assessed reactionparameters was obtained, as well as suggested linkages between these parameters andrisk of injury development.Results: Main parameters studied in literature are reaction force/torque (79%) andhandle displacement (74%). Impulse and handle velocity are studied in 26% and 15% ofthe articles, respectively. 51% of the studies also report a correlation between assessedreaction parameters and risk of developing CTDs. Three studies present exposure limitsfor reaction parameters. 1/3 of the studies were conducted on electric tools, whereasapproximately 2/3 were performed on pneumatic tools.Conclusions: There is a knowledge gap concerning several reaction parametersand their implications for developing CTDs, especially regarding impulse, tool handlevelocity/acceleration and grip force. Their influence is suggested to be explored infurther studies. Establishing exposure limits related to the reaction parameters wouldtranslate the scientific knowledge into industrially applicable recommendations. Further,the need for studies on electric tools is evident, due to a shift in the industry frompneumatic to electric tools.

  • 30.
    Neumann, W. Patrick
    et al.
    Ryerson Univ, Mech & Ind Engn Dept, Human Factors Engn Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Motiwala, Mufaddal
    Ryerson Univ, Mech & Ind Engn Dept, Human Factors Engn Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    A comparison of work-rest models using a "breakpoint" analysis raises questions2020In: IISE TRANSACTIONS ON OCCUPATIONAL ERGONOMICS & HUMAN FACTORS, ISSN 2472-5838, Vol. 8, no 4, p. 187-194Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Designing sustainable cyclic work requires attention to both the workload amplitude as well as the duty cycle, the fraction of the work cycle with active workload, that therefore also defines the recovery phase of the cycle. A number of different approaches and models have been developed to calculate the required recovery time for a given load and duty cycle. We present a comparison of three types of models at the "breakpoint" that defines the boundary of load amplitude and duty cycle where fatigue begins to accumulate faster than recovery allows within the work cycle. This comparison shows considerable variation between models of the "allowable" load or duty cycle depending on the method used. Practitioners should thus be cautious applying these models indiscriminately in job design as their results can vary substantially. In particular, differences between the tasks used for model formulation and application may compromise validity, and model application in a given context should be verified before broad application. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Rationale: There is a need for tools to help design sustainable work in which muscular capacity and other human resources can recover at least as quickly as they are used. Purpose: In this brief report, three different approaches presented in the literature to determining work-rest schedules in cyclic work are compared. Methods: First, a set of five different muscular endurance models coupled with a recovery time model were considered, both with and without a dynamic work correction factor. Second, we examined a model of "resumption time", and third a psychophysically-based model of maximum duty cycle was included. These models were compared using the concept of a "breakpoint" in fatigue accumulation-the point at which a given load amplitude and duty cycle combination begins to cause accumulation of fatigue in each cycle and from which there is inadequate time to recover. Results: While the five endurance time models all behaved similarly, both with and without the static-to-dynamic correction factor applied, the three different types of modeling approaches provided substantially different response patterns. The psychophysically based model provided the most protective guideline among the models compared. Conclusion: These models should be applied with caution to particular work scenarios. Further research is needed to test accuracy and effectiveness when applying such models to a range of task scenarios to establish safe workloads and loading times in the design of repetitive work.

  • 31.
    Nilsson, Birgitta
    et al.
    Packforsk.
    Rose, Linda M.
    ERAK, Ergonomi & Akustik.
    Förbättrad arbetsmiljö för anläggningsmaskinförare2004Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Denna rapport sammanfattar resultatet av projektet ”Analys av personskaderisker och deras kostnader för företag med anläggningsmaskiner”. Det har genomförts på uppdrag av Prevent i samarbete med Maskinentreprenörerna (ME), Svenska Byggnadsarbetareförbundet (Byggnads) och Facket för Service och Kommunikation (SEKO) och har finansierats av AFA. Syftet med projektet har varit att

    i) få en översikt av personskadorna (arbetsolycksfall och arbetssjukdomar) och deras kostnader för företag och

    ii) systematiskt identifiera och bedöma riskerna med arbete i maskinerna och de kostnader de medför för företagen samt

    iii) undersöka och föreslå risksänkande åtgärder samt skatta riskerna och kostnaderna om dessa åtgärder genomförs.

    Resultaten baseras främst på arbetsplatsanalyser, intervjuer med maskinförare och företagsledare, litteraturstudier, statistikbearbetningar och analyser med riskhanteringsmetoderna SCA och MAWRIC. Resultaten visar att anläggningsmaskinförare har en påfrestande arbetsmiljö. Belastningsskada är den vanligaste och allvarligaste arbetssjukdomen och den vanligaste arbetsolyckan är att skada sig vid i- och urstigning (fallolyckor). Risken att skada andra runt maskinen upplevs som påfrestande och det sker såväl tillbud som olyckor där människor runt maskinen skadas.

    Ett viktigt resultat i projektet är en sammanställning av förslag på hur man kan minska personskaderiskerna, både genom att använda redan befintliga lösningar och genom att utveckla nya. Såväl organisatoriska som tekniska förändringar föreslås.

    Resultaten med SCA visar att de arbetsrelaterade personskaderiskerna medför kostnader för företaget som är i storleksordningen en tredjedel av företagets vinst. Detta är en väsentlig del av företagets resultat.

    MAWRIC-analysen visar att det finns möjligheter att förbättra arbetsmiljön och att sådana förbättringar bör minska personskaderiskerna. Investeringarna är kostsamma, men medför såväl färre skador som ekonomiska besparingar på sikt (här sett på en femårs-period). Kostnaderna för personskador skulle minska till att därefter utgöra motsvarande 1/8 av vinsten. Detta är en avsevärd sänkning.

    Förhoppningen är att företag och branschen drar nytta av resultatet från studien och inspireras till arbete med att förbättra arbetsmiljön. Det tjänar alla inblandade på.

  • 32.
    Nilsson, Birgitta
    et al.
    STFI-Packforsk.
    Rose, Linda M
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Förpackningsergonomi2005Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 33.
    Nilsson, Birgitta
    et al.
    STFI-Packforsk.
    Rose, Linda M
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Packaging Ergonomics2005In: The Ljungberg Textbook, Stockholm: KTH , 2005, 1Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 34.
    Nyman, Teresia
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Larsson, Ida
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    "Utvärdering av BuildSafe": Ett digitalt system för säkerhetsarbete i byggbranschen2016Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 35.
    Orrenius, Ulf E
    et al.
    ERAK, Ergonomi & Akustik HB.
    Rose, Linda M
    ERAK, Ergonomi & Akustik HB.
    Ergonomic evaluation of a new type of rollator2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A prototype of a novel rollator, named “Walker” on the Swedish market,was evaluated with respect to obstacle climbing, steering and generalusability. The prototype has a novel design with a triangular base and adouble front wheel on a lever arm arrangement to simplify passing acrossobstacles. Both technical tests and user tests were carried out.The main conclusion is that “Walker” is in several respectsergonomically advantageous compared to the traditional out-door rollators,especially in rough terrain and when passing obstacles. Suggestions forimprovements of certain functions of “Walker” are made, such as handlingin narrow environments and the ability to fold the rollator.

  • 36.
    Osvalder, Anna-Lisa
    et al.
    Chalmers tekniska högskola.
    Rose, Linda M
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Karlsson, Stig
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Methods2009In: Work and technology on human terms / [ed] Bohgard, M., Karlsson, S., Lovén, E., Mikaelsson, L.-Å., Mårtensson, L., Osvalder, A.-L., Rose, L., & Ulfvengren, P., Stockholm: Prevent , 2009, 1:1, p. 463-566Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 37.
    Osvalder, Anna-Lisa
    et al.
    Chalmers tekniska högskola.
    Rose, Linda M
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Karlsson, Stig
    Luleå tekniska universitet.
    Metoder2008In: Arbete och teknik på människans villkor / [ed] Bohgard, M., Karlsson, S., Lovén, E., Mikaelsson, L.-Å., Mårtensson, L., Osvalder, A.-L., Rose, L., & Ulfvengren, P, Stockholm: Prevent , 2008, 1:1, p. 463-566Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 38.
    Rodrigues Coutinho, Brenda
    et al.
    KTH.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Trask, Catherine M.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Meeting the Challenges of Home Care in Small Residential Bathrooms: Creation of the Bathroom Aid Inventory2022In: Conference Proceedings of the 51st NES Conference: Work Well - Ergonomics in an unpredictable world / [ed] Jessica Lindblom and Cecilia Österman, 2022, p. 176-177Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and purpose

    Our society is facing major demographic challenges in healthcare. The growing population of older people is outpacing the creation of residential care facilities like nursing homes, meaning that more and more people are ‘aging in place’. ‘Aging in place’ means continuing to reside in a private residence in the community even as care needs intensify. It is an economically efficient option and often preferred by aging people, but it also brings substantial challenges. Eventually people require support from home careworkers with the vital and personal tasks that take place in the bathroom: toileting and bathing. However, residential bathrooms are often small and not designed to accommodate a care recipient, care worker, and mobility aids such as a walker or wheelchair. There is a growing need to update residential bathrooms to meet the evolving needs of older residents. Although there exist several aids and assistive devices intended to facilitate bathroom tasks, this can be hard for users and caregivers to navigate. This project was undertaken as part of a larger study funded by AFA Försäkring. The goal of this portion was to develop an inventory of currently-available bathroom assistance devices for use by residents and their family members, health care organizations, insurance agencies, and other stakeholders. The primary research question was: What type of bathroom assistive devices are currently available, either commercially or in prototype form, intended to assist users with the tasks of toileting, bathing, and handwashing?

    Methodology

    The primary method was web search and document review across several domains: regulations, assistive devices, and residential bathroom renovation examples. The first set of searches investigated the legislation and guidelines on bathroom design both for residential and healthcare settings; consistent and conflicting specifications were noted. The second set of searches was for assistive devices that could be used to facilitate bathing and toileting tasks in residential bathrooms. Examples of renovated residential bathrooms were solicited through authors’ networks.

    Results

    When it came to guidelines and specifications for bathroom design, there was substantial tension between the regulations set out by the Swedish Work Environment Authority and the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning. The inventory includes images of assistive devices as well as their main features: target task (bathing, toileting, personal care, handwashing), dimensions, weight ratings, colors, materials, store, website address, accessibility, and price. Documented assistive device categories include shower benches, toilet aids, support handles, showers, washbasins, taps, alarm buttons, contrast marks, and others, with approximately 20 examples for each.

    Conclusions

    This project developed an inventory of currently-available bathroom assistance devices, intended to inform users’ selection of devices for growing care needs in realistic (i.e. nonideal) settings. However, it is not the intention for the inventory represent an assessmentof the quality, safety, effectiveness, or usability of the devices. While it is hoped this list will represent the variety of available devices, it is also not intended to be exhaustive. Together with an introduction that includes the examples of renovated bathrooms, the inventory will be disseminated as a searchable web-based resource.

  • 39.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM). KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Dept. of Human Factors Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.
    Endurance and fatigue in eye-level work with low loads2001In: Advances in Occupational Ergonomics and Safety - 4 / [ed] A.C. Bittner Jr. et al. (Eds), 2001, p. 377-384Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to investigate fatigue reactions in eye-level work with low loads. It consisted of two parts, each with eight men participating. A handle, placed at eye-level 0.5 m in front of the body, was pushed at three different loading levels, varying between 1 and 20 % of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Sustained contractions were performed a) until exhaustion at endurance time Tend during registra-tion of subjective ratings of discomfort/pain and resumption time Tres, and b) for two minutes during registration of mean power frequency, MPF, of the myoelectric signals (EMG) from the biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), trapezius (TZ) and deltoideus (DD) muscles and subjective ratings of discomfort/pain. These parameters were also studied during the following recovery period.The higher the load, the shorter were the Tend and the following recovery period. Also, the Tres decreased with increasing load. The MPF increased in some cases and de-creased in others during the sustained contractions. The levels of decrease/increase in MPF differed for the different loading levels and the different muscles. The largest fa-tigue indications in MPF were in BB while the discomfort/pain originated from TB. TZ showed the smallest fatigue reactions.The results indicate that caution should be taken when developing and using models for estimating physical strain and fatigue based on EMG indications in low loading situations.

  • 40.
    Rose, Linda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Financial effects of suggested work environment improvements: Examples from applied Masters students’ projects2022In: 51st Nordic Ergonomics and Human Factors Society Conference 2022 / [ed] Österman & Lindblom, 2022, p. 235-242Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It can be challenging to motivate decision-makers to invest in work environmentimprovements (WEIs). One success factor is to use the same vocabulary as companymanagement and express suggested WEIs in a way that management can understand and usein their decision-making. This paper has two objectives, to present: 1) examples of realorganisations’ ergonomics problems, suggestions for improvements and financial estimationsof effects of the suggested interventions, carried out by students in a Master’s course; 2)course-design features evaluated as important for this type of course. Results from six studentprojects, using several financial methods, are presented. The discussion focuses on the valueof increasing the availability of such a course, as well as competencies needed to be successfulinWEIs. In conclusion: by applied training as in this course, non-economists can rather rapidlylearn to assess ergonomics problems, and to develop, present and argue for suggestedsolutions, also with financial effect estimations.

  • 41.
    Rose, Linda
    Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Product abd Production Development, Division of Human Factors Engineering.
    Models and Methods for Analysis and Improvementof Physical Work Environments2001Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this thesis concerning work-related personal injuries was to obtain knowledge bases for two purposes. The first was to develop a model, the Ergo-Index, for use when comparing work situations regarding ergonomics and time aspects and choosing the most favourable working method. The second aim was to develop methods for managing personal injury risks at company level. Such tools can be used to motivate improvements in work environments, which will most likely decrease work-related injuries and human suffering, and at the same time increase efficiency.

    Five studies were carried out. For the Ergo-Index model, four laboratory studies of work situations were used to investigate 1) fatigue reactions such as endurance time, recovery time, resumption time and pain reactions in some awkward postures, 2) differences between women and men regarding endurance, recovery, pain and physical strength, and 3) differences between skilled and non-skilled persons regarding endurance, recovery and pain. Force measurement, EMG methods, and subjective ratings on the Borg CR-10 scale were used for studying static load levels in university students and staff, hospital staff and construction workers. In the fifth study a procedure consisting of two models for managing work-related injuries was developed. This was based mainly on injury statistics, semi-structured interviews with company managers, construction workers and other researchers; and on existing models and methods.

    Several interesting results were obtained e.g. that the same type of mathematical relations could describe the relation between load and endurance time for passive and active muscle loading situations, that pain from muscle tissue limited the endurance also in loading situations with joints near or at the end of their range of motion, that there were significant differences between skilled, experienced workers and non-skilled participants regarding endurance and resumption time, and that no significant differences between women’s and men’s endurance time and recovery time were found at the same relative load level. The results were used for developing the Ergo-Index. Further, the risk-management procedure enabled economic consequences of work-related injuries at company level to be estimated. This procedure consists of the statistically based cost analysis method (SCA) and the method for analysing work-related risks, improving work environment and estimating total cost (Mawric). In an example for a construction company, work-related personal injury costs constituted about 2 % of turnover. Further, the company’s total cost for work-related personal injury approximated its total profit. Only 6 % of such costs were accounted for traditionally as sick-leave salaries, social contributions and holiday pay. The rest, i.e. 94 % were indirect costs. Risk-reducing measures can lower both risks and costs. In the example given, the measures taken reduced company costs by about 75 %. 

    It is concluded that the models and methods presented can be used as tools for analysis and improvement of physical work environment and for increasing management’s awareness of work-related personal injuries, hence providing incentives for improvement of the working environment.

  • 42.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering.
    Beauchemin, Catherine A. A.
    Ryerson Univ, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada.;RIKEN, Interdisciplinary Theoret & Math Sci iTHES, iTHEMS, Res Grp, Wako, Saitama, Japan..
    Neumann, W. Patrick
    Ryerson Univ, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Human Factors Engn Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada..
    Modelling endurance and resumption times for repetitive one-hand pushing2018In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 61, no 7, p. 891-901Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study's objective was to develop models of endurance time (ET), as a function of load level (LL), and of resumption time (RT) after loading as a function of both LL and loading time (LT) for repeated loadings. Ten male participants with experience in construction work each performed 15 different one-handed repetaed pushing tasks at shoulder height with varied exerted force and duration. These data were used to create regression models predicting ET and RT. It is concluded that power law relationships are most appropriate to use when modelling ET and RT. While the data the equations are based on are limited regarding number of participants, gender, postures, magnitude and type of exerted force, the paper suggests how this kind of modelling can be used in job design and in further research.Practitioner Summary: Adequate muscular recovery during work-shifts is important to create sustainable jobs. This paper describes mathematical modelling and presents models for endurance times and resumption times (an aspect of recovery need), based on data from an empirical study. The models can be used to help manage fatigue levels in job design.

  • 43.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Nord Nilsson, Lena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Unit of Safety and Health, Scania CV AB, Södertälje, Sweden.
    RAMP – A comprehensive MSD risk management tool2019In: Proceedings of the 20th Congress ofthe International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2018): Volume III: Musculoskeletal Disorders / [ed] S. Bagnara et al., Springer, 2019, Vol. 820, p. 537-546Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this paper is to describe the development, dissemination and preliminary effects of the use of a new musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risk management tool for manual handling, RAMP (Risk Assessment and Management tool for manual handling Proactively). RAMP is research based and developed in close collaboration between researchers and practitioners with a participative iterative methodology. A broad strategy is used for the dissemination, including the use of professional networks, conferences, a specially developed homepage, and Massive Open Online Courses which also provide training on the tool use. The tool has been spread widely to about 45 countries since the release 2017. E.g. Scania CV uses RAMP as its global standard method for managing MSD risks at logistics and machining departments. Among the preliminary effects results show that at one department risk reduction measures had been taken for more than 2/3 of the work stations with assessments signalling elevated risk levels after 1.5 years. Further studies on RAMP are discussed. It is concluded that the development and the dissemination of RAMP can be seen as successful. Preliminary reports on the tool use effects indicate that the RAMP tool supports the MSD risk management process in the work to reduce MDS risks at workplaces.

  • 44.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Eklund, Jörgen
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Nord Nilsson, Lena
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Scania CV AB, Department of Safety and Health, Södertälje, Sweden.
    Barman, Linda
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Learning in Stem.
    Lind, Carl M
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics. Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Occupational Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
    The RAMP package for MSD risk management in manual handling – A freely accessible tool, with website and training courses2020In: Applied Ergonomics, ISSN 0003-6870, E-ISSN 1872-9126, Vol. 86, article id 103101Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper the RAMP Package is presented with the objective to facilitate the application of the RAMP tool to systematically manage MSD risks. The package consists of the RAMP tool (Risk Assessment and Management tool for manual handling Proactively), the RAMP website, and free, globally available online, training courses (MOOCs). An Action module used for managing identified MSD risks is introduced. The tool, encompassing a wide range of risks, is applicable to the whole risk management process. Furthermore, RAMP is openly available for download, and free to use. The RAMP tool and training materials were developed using a participative iterative methodology including researchers and practitioners. RAMP was downloaded in 86 countries in the first 26 months since its' launch and over 2400 learners from high-, middle- and low-income countries have joined the MOOCs. The RAMP Package meets organisations’ needs for an accessible, comprehensive risk assessment and management tool.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 45.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Ericson, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Ortengren, R.
    Endurance time, pain and resumption in passive loading of the elbow joint2000In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 405-420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated reactions in passively loaded, fully extended elbow joints in 13 men. Pain reactions during and after loading were studied, as were endurance time, T(end), and resumption time, Tr. The loading moment on the elbow joint, Mn, varied between 7 and 100% of maximum elbow moment. Discomfort/ pain was estimated with Borg's CR-10 scale. T(end) decreased with increasing load level. The opposite was found for the resumption time: the higher the load, held until T(end), the shorter the Tr. The pain limiting the working capability originated mainly from muscle tissue and not from the joint itself. It is concluded that the relation between load and endurance time for passively loaded, fully extended elbow joints resembles that for muscular loading in more 'normal' postures. Equations for estimation of endurance and resumption times (in minutes) for fully extended joints are proposed: T(end) = 20.6e(-6.04Mn) and Tr = 0.0167e(8.84/(1.46+0.346Mn)), respectively.

  • 46.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Forsman, Mikael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    The RAMP 2.0 project: Towards an enhanced MSD risk management tool2022In: Proceedings of the 51st NES Conference: Work Well - Ergonomics in an unpredictable world / [ed] Österman & Lindblom, 2022, p. 155-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In 2017 RAMP (Risk Assessment and Management tool for manual handling – Proactively), a risk management tool focusing on manual handling work, was launched with the objective to contribute to reducing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). RAMP has since then been spread to over 105 countries and is used as the standard method for MSD risk management in several organisations. Different usability, reliability and validity aspects of RAMP have been evaluated as being good. To enhance RAMP’s application range and to further increase its usability, the RAMP 2.0 project started in 2018. Results from this ongoing project have been reported at several conferences, e.g. IEA 2021.The objective of this conference-contribution is to provide an overview of the results of the project this far, whereas the objectives of the project are to: i) expand RAMP’s application range to include hand-intensive work, ii) in addition to the existing Excel-based version, provide RAMP in a system version, and iii) enable practitioners to use RAMP results in forming key performance indicators, KPIs, as a means to follow the results of systematic work environment progress at an organisation, and to provide managers with relevant data for informed decision making.The project is carried out with a participatory, iterative methodology. It is led by re-searchers at KTH, and carried out in a collaboration between researchers and practitioners from over a dozen organisations. Methods used include needs analyses, literature studies and iterative development of the three parts, where workshops with different types of experts are regarded as crucial.The results this far for each one of the three parts are: i) Enhanced application range. Based on a needs analysis among the participating organisations, the first version of RAMP’s “Hand model” has been developed. An evaluation study of this model in planned for the spring 2022 where usability and reliability are in focus; ii) Also a version of the RAMP system version has been developed, as well as iii) methods for forming KPIs, i.e. both KPIs formed by using only RAMP results data and KPIs formed by combining RAMP results and company data, as for example quality and sick-leave data.By the inclusion of hand intensive work in RAMP’s application range, a large part of commonly performed work tasks can be assessed and managed. However, limitations of the tool’s application range is discussed, as well as how adequate input data can and determined.

  • 47.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Ergonomics.
    Kluy, Lina
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH).
    RAMP 2.0 – Further Development of the RAMP Tool2021In: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems., Springer Nature , 2021, p. 182-189Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    RAMP (Risk Assessment and Management tool for manual handling – Proactively), a freely accessible MSD risk management tool for manual handling work, was launched 2017 to contribute to the reduction of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) risks for manual handling work-tasks. The tool is currently developed further, using an iterative participative methodology, to: i) enhance the RAMP tool’s application range, mainly to include hand-intensive work, ii) develop a system version of the tool, and iii) include key performance indicators (KPIs). A needs analysis resulted in 99 identified needs. Regarding i), six needs were assessed as “very important to include” to enhance the application range. A literature study focusing on relevant risk factors and how exposure to them is associated with MSD risks was carried out and first drafts of a model for assessing risks in hand-intensive work are iteratively developed, using feedback from intended users. Regarding ii), 50 needs and suggestions on what to consider when developing a databased system version of the RAMP tool were identified. Prototypes of parts of the system-version are iteratively developed, using intended users’ feedback. Regarding iii), the needs analysis resulted in 16 suggested KPIs, including KPIs based solely on RAMP results and KPIs which can be established combining RAMP results and company data. The project is ongoing. An enhanced RAMP tool, RAMP 2.0, with the abovementioned expansions could support MSD risk assessment and risk management in systematic MSD risks reduction work for a wide range of work tasks.

  • 48.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Larsson, Tore J
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    District Veterinaries Working Environment in and around the Car2007Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A survey and a field study were carried out to study the Swedish District Veterinarians (DV’s) working environment (WE) in the car. The results show that 47% have physical problems that they connect to the work in the car. All 12 DV’s participating in the field study suffered from pain and spent 2-4 hours a day in their car. Several very unfavourable postures in manual material handling situations and computer work, leading to high strain and increased injury risks, were identified,. It is concluded that improvements would decrease long-term injury risks. Suggestions for design criteria for improving the WE are presented.

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    District veterinaries working environment in and around the car
  • 49.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Ergonomics.
    Larsson, Tore J
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Centres, Centre for Health and Building, CHB.
    Distriktsveterinärer i Bil: Arbetsmiljöenkät, Fältstudie, Underlag till fordonsspecifikation2006Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Studien

    En studie av distriktsveterinärernas arbetsmiljö vid arbete i och runt bilen har genomförts vid KTH:s skola för teknik och hälsa i samarbete med Jordbruksverket och Svenska Distriktsveterinärföreningen och med finansiellt stöd från Utvecklingsrådet.

    Enkät

    En enkät om bilen som arbetsmiljö besvarades av 95% av distriktsveterinärerna. Av denna framgår att

    • endast fyra uppger att de ej kör bil i tjänsten,
    • 67% kör bil i jobbet dagligen, 60% av kvinnorna och 76% av männen,
    • 86% kör VW Passat,
    • 40% hoppar in och ut ur bilen mer än 10 ggr/dag,
    • uppgivna körsträckor varierar mellan 1000-8000 mil/år, medianen är 3000 mil,
    • 59% använder dator i bilen.

    Bilen får goda omdömen vad gäller väghållning, vinterkörning, säkerhet, klimat/ventilation, motorstyrka, instrumentering, sikt, sittkomfort vid körning, mindre bra omdömen om stiga i/ur, lastutrymmets rymlighet och tillgänglighet, hur utrustning transporteras och huruvida bilen är funktionell som arbetsfordon. Bilen får negativa omdömen för arbetsställningar vid lasthantering och mest negativt är arbetsställning vid datorarbete.

    Ungefär hälften av (47%) uppger att de har fysiska besvär som de sätter i samband med arbetet i bilen. Andelen kvinnliga distriktsveterinärer med kortare tid i yrket än 10 år (46%) är dubbelt så stor som motsvarande andel bland de manliga distriktsveterinärerna (21%). Bland de kvinnor som arbetat kortare än 10 år som veterinär är andelen som rapporterar besvär 47%. Motsvarande andel bland männen var 27%. 91% uppgav att de är mycket eller ganska nöjda med sitt arbete.

    Fältstudier

    Sex stationer besöktes och 12 veterinärer (8 kvinnor, 4 män) intervjuades, deras arbetsoperationer i och runt bilen filmades/analyserades och EMG registrering av belastningar i övre extremiteter/rygg/nacke genomfördes.

    Samtliga intervjuade angav att de hade besvär i form av smärta från muskler eller leder, 10 av 12 från rygg/nacke/axlar, de övriga från knä respektive höft.

    Arbetet i bilen upptar mellan 2-4 timmar av arbetsdagen, man kör ca 3000 mil/år. De arbetsoperationer som registrerades och analyserades inkluderade i och urstigning, telefonering, datoranvändning, lasthantering, samt användning av olika packsystem.

    Resultaten från analyserna indikerar sammanfattningsvis bl.a. att

    • insteget i bilen och förarstolens läge är lågt,
    • de som använder dator i bilen anser att arbetsställningen är olämplig,
    • arbetsbelysning i bilen är bristfällig, speciellt för telefon- och datorarbete,
    • bilen upplevs som trång och med otillräcklig lastkapacitet,
    • låg lastlucka hindrar upprätt arbetsställning för långa,
    • bilarna ofta har lös utrustning eller ej fixerat datorbord under färd,
    • kontorsutrustningen gör att batteriet ofta laddar ur,
    • det finns inte plats för passagerare/praktikant i bilen.

    Underlag till specifikation för nytt arbetsfordon

    Ett antal förslag till designkrav för ett nytt arbetsfordon för distriktsveterinärer inkluderar aspekter på trafiksäkerhet, komfort, datorarbetsplatsens förutsättningar, utformning och placering, belysningsergonomi, lasthantering, hygien och strömförsörjning.

    I rapportens bilagor redovisas enkätens frågor, intervjuschema för fältstudien, data och exempel från fältstudien samt slutligen sex möjliga designlösningar för ett arbetsfordon med datorarbetsplats.

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    Distriktsveterinärer i bil
  • 50.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Lind, Carl
    KTH, School of Technology and Health (STH), Health Systems Engineering, Ergonomics.
    Introducing RAMP: A Risk Assessment and Management tool for manual handling Proactively2015In: The 19th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, 2015Conference paper (Refereed)
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