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  • 1.
    Abdalla, H.
    et al.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Adam, R.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, UMR 7638,CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Aharonian, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany.;Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin, Ireland.;RAU, High Energy Astrophys Lab, Yerevan, Armenia..
    Benkhali, F. Ait
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Anguner, E. O.
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseilles, France..
    Arakawa, M.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan..
    Arcaro, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Armand, C.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Ashkar, H.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Backes, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Martins, V. Barbosa
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Barnard, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Becherini, Y.
    Linnaeus Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, Vaxjo, Sweden..
    Berge, D.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bernloehr, K.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Bissaldi, E.
    Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, Bari, Italy.;Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Bari, Italy..
    Blackwell, R.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Boettcher, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Boisson, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, PSL Res Univ, CNRS,LUTH, Paris, France..
    Bolmont, J.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LPNHE, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Bonnefoy, S.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Bregeon, J.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72, Montpellier, France..
    Breuhaus, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Brun, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Brun, P.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Bryan, M.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Buechele, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Bulik, T.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Warsaw, Poland..
    Bylund, T.
    Linnaeus Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, Vaxjo, Sweden..
    Capasso, M.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tubingen, Germany..
    Caroff, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LPNHE, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Carosi, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Casanova, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany.;Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Krakow, Poland..
    Cerruti, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LPNHE, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France.;Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICC UB, Barcelona, Spain..
    Chand, T.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chandra, S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Chen, A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Colafrancesco, S.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa.;Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany..
    Curylo, M.
    Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Warsaw, Poland..
    Davids, I. D.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Deil, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Devin, J.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, Gradignan, France..
    deWilt, P.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Dirson, L.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany..
    Djannati-Atai, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Dmytriiev, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, PSL Res Univ, CNRS,LUTH, Paris, France..
    Donath, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Doroshenko, V
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tubingen, Germany..
    Dyks, J.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw, Poland..
    Egberts, K.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Potsdam, Germany..
    Emery, G.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LPNHE, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Ernenwein, J-P
    Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS, IN2P3, Marseilles, France..
    Eschbach, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Feijen, K.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Fegan, S.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, UMR 7638,CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Fiasson, A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Fontaine, G.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, UMR 7638,CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Funk, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Fussling, M.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Gabici, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Gallant, Y. A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72, Montpellier, France..
    Gate, F.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Giavitto, G.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Giunti, L.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Glawion, D.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Glicenstein, J. F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Gottschall, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tubingen, Germany..
    Grondin, M-H
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, Gradignan, France..
    Hahn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Haupt, M.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Heinzelmann, G.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany..
    Henri, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France..
    Hermann, G.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hinton, J. A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hofmann, W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Hoischen, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Potsdam, Germany..
    Holch, T. L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany..
    Holler, M.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Horns, D.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany..
    Huber, D.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Iwasaki, H.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan..
    Jamrozy, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Krakow, Poland..
    Jankowsky, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Jankowsky, F.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jardin-Blicq, A.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Jung-Richardt, I
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Kastendieck, M. A.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany..
    Katarzynski, K.
    Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Torun, Poland..
    Katsuragawa, M.
    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan..
    Katz, U.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Khangulyan, D.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan..
    Khelifi, B.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    King, J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Klepser, S.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kluzniak, W.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw, Poland..
    Komin, Nu
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Kosack, K.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Kostunin, D.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Kreter, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Lamanna, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Lemiere, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Lemoine-Goumard, M.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, Gradignan, France..
    Lenain, J-P
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LPNHE, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Leser, E.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Potsdam, Germany..
    Levy, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LPNHE, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Lohse, T.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany..
    Lypova, I
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Mackey, J.
    Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin, Ireland..
    Majumdar, J.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Malyshev, D.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tubingen, Germany..
    Marandon, V
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Marcowith, A.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72, Montpellier, France..
    Mares, A.
    Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, Gradignan, France..
    Mariaud, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, UMR 7638,CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Marti-Devesa, G.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Marx, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Maurin, G.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Meintjes, P. J.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Mitchell, A. M. W.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany.;Univ Zurich, Phys Inst, Zurich, Switzerland..
    Moderski, R.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw, Poland..
    Mohamed, M.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Mohrmann, L.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Moore, C.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Moulin, E.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Muller, J.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, UMR 7638,CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Murach, T.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Nakashima, S.
    RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan..
    de Naurois, M.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, UMR 7638,CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Ndiyavala, H.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Niederwanger, F.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Niemiec, J.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Krakow, Poland..
    Oakes, L.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany..
    O'Brien, P.
    Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England..
    Odaka, H.
    Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan..
    Ohm, S.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Ostrowski, M.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Krakow, Poland..
    Oya, I
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Panter, M.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Parsons, R. D.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Perennes, C.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LPNHE, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Petrucci, P-O
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble, France..
    Peyaud, B.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Piel, Q.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Pita, S.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Poireau, V
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Noel, A. Priyana
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Krakow, Poland..
    Prokhorov, D. A.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Prokoph, H.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Puehlhofer, G.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tubingen, Germany..
    Punch, M.
    Linnaeus Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, Vaxjo, Sweden.;Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Quirrenbach, A.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Raab, S.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Rauth, R.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, A.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Reimer, O.
    Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, Innsbruck, Austria..
    Remy, Q.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72, Montpellier, France..
    Renaud, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72, Montpellier, France..
    Rieger, F.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rinchiuso, L.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Romoli, C.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Rowell, G.
    Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia..
    Rudak, B.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw, Poland..
    Ruiz-Velasco, E.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Sahakian, V
    Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan, Armenia..
    Sailer, S.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Saito, S.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan..
    Sanchez, D. A.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Santangelo, A.
    Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Tubingen, Germany..
    Sasaki, M.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Schlickeiser, R.
    Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, Inst Theoret Phys, Bochum, Germany..
    Schussler, F.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Schulz, A.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Schutte, H. M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Schwanke, U.
    Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Berlin, Germany..
    Schwemmer, S.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Seglar-Arroyo, M.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Senniappan, M.
    Linnaeus Univ, Dept Phys & Elect Engn, Vaxjo, Sweden..
    Seyffert, A. S.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Shafi, N.
    Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, Johannesburg, South Africa..
    Shiningayamwe, K.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Simoni, R.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Sinha, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Sol, H.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, PSL Res Univ, CNRS,LUTH, Paris, France..
    Specovius, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Spir-Jacob, M.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Stawarz, L.
    Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Krakow, Poland..
    Steenkamp, R.
    Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Windhoek, Namibia..
    Stegmann, C.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany.;Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Potsdam, Germany..
    Steppa, C.
    Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Potsdam, Germany..
    Takahashi, T.
    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan..
    Tavernier, T.
    Univ Paris Saclay, IRFU, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France..
    Taylor, A. M.
    DESY, Zeuthen, Germany..
    Terrier, R.
    Univ Paris Diderot, APC, AstroParticule & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3,CEA,Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris C, Paris, France..
    Tiziani, D.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Tluczykont, M.
    Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany..
    Trichard, C.
    Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, Inst Polytech Paris, UMR 7638,CNRS IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Tsirou, M.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72, Montpellier, France..
    Tsuji, N.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan..
    Tuffs, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Uchiyama, Y.
    Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan..
    van der Walt, D. J.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Eldik, C.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    van Rensburg, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    van Soelen, B.
    Univ Free State, Dept Phys, Bloemfontein, South Africa..
    Vasileiadis, G.
    Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72, Montpellier, France..
    Veh, J.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Venter, C.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Vincent, P.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, LPNHE, Sorbonne Univ,CNRS,IN2P3, Paris, France..
    Vink, J.
    Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, GRAPPA, Amsterdam, Netherlands..
    Voelk, H. J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Vuillaume, T.
    Univ Grenoble Alpes, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS,LAPP, Annecy, France..
    Wadiasingh, Z.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Wagner, S. J.
    Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany..
    White, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Wierzcholska, A.
    Inst Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, Krakow, Poland.;Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yang, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Yoneda, H.
    Univ Tokyo, UTIAS, Kavli Inst Phys & Math Universe WPI, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan..
    Zacharias, M.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    Zanin, R.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zdziarski, A. A.
    Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Warsaw, Poland..
    Zech, A.
    Univ Paris Diderot, Observ Paris, PSL Res Univ, CNRS,LUTH, Paris, France..
    Ziegler, A.
    Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erlangen, Germany..
    Zorn, J.
    Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Heidelberg, Germany..
    Zywucka, N.
    North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, Potchefstroom, South Africa..
    de Palma, F.
    Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, Turin, Italy..
    Axelsson, Magnus
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics. Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Roberts, O. J.
    Univ Space Res Assoc, Sci & Technol Inst, Huntsville, AL USA..
    A very-high-energy component deep in the gamma-ray burst afterglow2019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 575, no 7783, p. 464-467Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief flashes of gamma-rays and are considered to be the most energetic explosive phenomena in the Universe(1). The emission from GRBs comprises a short (typically tens of seconds) and bright prompt emission, followed by a much longer afterglow phase. During the afterglow phase, the shocked outflow-produced by the interaction between the ejected matter and the circumburst medium-slows down, and a gradual decrease in brightness is observed(2). GRBs typically emit most of their energy via.-rays with energies in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt range, but a few photons with energies of tens of gigaelectronvolts have been detected by space-based instruments(3). However, the origins of such high-energy (above one gigaelectronvolt) photons and the presence of very-high-energy (more than 100 gigaelectronvolts) emission have remained elusive(4). Here we report observations of very-high-energy emission in the bright GRB 180720B deep in the GRB afterglow-ten hours after the end of the prompt emission phase, when the X-ray flux had already decayed by four orders of magnitude. Two possible explanations exist for the observed radiation: inverse Compton emission and synchrotron emission of ultrarelativistic electrons. Our observations show that the energy fluxes in the X-ray and gamma-ray range and their photon indices remain comparable to each other throughout the afterglow. This discovery places distinct constraints on the GRB environment for both emission mechanisms, with the inverse Compton explanation alleviating the particle energy requirements for the emission observed at late times. The late timing of this detection has consequences for the future observations of GRBs at the highest energies.

  • 2. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Asano, K.
    Atwood, W. B.
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Ryde, Felix
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Ziegler, M.
    Conrad, Jan
    Mc Glynn, Sinéad
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Ylinen, Tomi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Moretti, Elena
    University and INFN of Trieste.
    A limit on the variation of the speed of light arising from quantum gravity effects2009In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 462, no 7271, p. 331-334Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A cornerstone of Einstein's special relativity is Lorentz invariance-the postulate that all observers measure exactly the same speed of light in vacuum, independent of photon-energy. While special relativity assumes that there is no fundamental length-scale associated with such invariance, there is a fundamental scale (the Planck scale, l(Planck) approximate to 1.62 x 10(-33) cm or E-Planck = M(Planck)c(2) approximate to 1.22 x 10(19) GeV), at which quantum effects are expected to strongly affect the nature of space-time. There is great interest in the (not yet validated) idea that Lorentz invariance might break near the Planck scale. A key test of such violation of Lorentz invariance is a possible variation of photon speed with energy(1-7). Even a tiny variation in photon speed, when accumulated over cosmological light-travel times, may be revealed by observing sharp features in gamma-ray burst (GRB) light-curves(2). Here we report the detection of emission up to similar to 31GeV from the distant and short GRB090510. We find no evidence for the violation of Lorentz invariance, and place a lower limit of 1.2E(Planck) on the scale of a linear energy dependence (or an inverse wavelength dependence), subject to reasonable assumptions about the emission (equivalently we have an upper limit of l(Planck)/1.2 on the length scale of the effect). Our results disfavour quantum-gravity theories(3,6,7) in which the quantum nature of space-time on a very small scale linearly alters the speed of light.

  • 3. Abdo, A. A.
    et al.
    Ackermann, M.
    Ajello, M.
    Axelsson, Magnus
    Johannesson, G.
    Johnson, A. S.
    Ryde, Felix
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Sikora, M.
    Ylinen, Tomi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    et al,
    A change in the optical polarization associated with a gamma-ray flare in the blazar 3C 2792010In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 463, no 7283, p. 919-923Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    It is widely accepted that strong and variable radiation detected over all accessible energy bands in a number of active galaxies arises from a relativistic, Doppler-boosted jet pointing close to our line of sight(1). The size of the emitting zone and the location of this region relative to the central supermassive black hole are, however, poorly known, with estimates ranging from light-hours to a light-year or more. Here we report the coincidence of a gamma (gamma)-ray flare with a dramatic change of optical polarization angle. This provides evidence for co-spatiality of optical and gamma-ray emission regions and indicates a highly ordered jet magnetic field. The results also require a non-axisymmetric structure of the emission zone, implying a curved trajectory for the emitting material within the jet, with the dissipation region located at a considerable distance from the black hole, at about 10(5) gravitational radii.

  • 4. Adriani, O.
    et al.
    Barbarino, G. C.
    Bazilevskaya, G. A.
    Bellotti, R.
    Boezio, M.
    Bogomolov, E. A.
    Bonechi, L.
    Bongi, M.
    Bonvicini, V.
    Bottai, S.
    Bruno, A.
    Cafagna, F.
    Campana, D.
    Carlson, Per
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Casolino, M.
    Castellini, G.
    De Pascale, M. P.
    De Rosa, G.
    De Simone, N.
    Di Felice, V.
    Galper, A. M.
    Grishantseva, L.
    Hofverberg, Petter
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Koldashov, S. V.
    Krutkov, S. Y.
    Kvashnin, A. N.
    Leonov, A.
    Malvezzi, V.
    Marcelli, L.
    Menn, W.
    Mikhailov, V. V.
    Mocchiutti, E.
    Orsi, Silvio
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Osteria, G.
    Papini, P.
    Pearce, Mark
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Picozza, P.
    Ricci, M.
    Ricciarini, S. B.
    Simon, M.
    Sparvoli, R.
    Spillantini, P.
    Stozhkov, Y. I.
    Vacchi, A.
    Vannuccini, E.
    Vasilyev, G.
    Voronov, S. A.
    Yurkin, Y. T.
    Zampa, G.
    Zampa, N.
    Zverev, V. G.
    An anomalous positron abundance in cosmic rays with energies 1.5-100 GeV2009In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 458, no 7238, p. 607-609Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Antiparticles account for a small fraction of cosmic rays and are known to be produced in interactions between cosmic-ray nuclei and atoms in the interstellar medium(1), which is referred to as a 'secondary source'. Positrons might also originate in objects such as pulsars(2) and microquasars(3) or through dark matter annihilation(4), which would be 'primary sources'. Previous statistically limited measurements(5-7) of the ratio of positron and electron fluxes have been interpreted as evidence for a primary source for the positrons, as has an increase in the total electron+positron flux at energies between 300 and 600 GeV (ref. 8). Here we report a measurement of the positron fraction in the energy range 1.5-100 GeV. We find that the positron fraction increases sharply overmuch of that range, in a way that appears to be completely inconsistent with secondary sources. We therefore conclude that a primary source, be it an astrophysical object or dark matter annihilation, is necessary.

  • 5.
    Alfvén, Hannes
    et al.
    University of California San Diego, Dept Applied Physics and Information Science, San Diego, CA 92093.
    Mendis, Asoka
    University of California San Diego, Dept Applied Physics and Information Science, San Diego, CA 92093.
    Interpretation of observed cosmic microwave background-radiation1977In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 266, no 5604, p. 698-699Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 6. Babaev, Egor
    et al.
    Sudbo, A.
    Ashcroft, N. W.
    A superconductor to superfluid phase transition in liquid metallic hydrogen2004In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 431, no 7009, p. 666-668Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Although hydrogen is the simplest of atoms, it does not form the simplest of solids or liquids. Quantum effects in these phases are considerable (a consequence of the light proton mass) and they have a demonstrable and often puzzling influence on many physical properties(1), including spatial order. To date, the structure of dense hydrogen remains experimentally elusive(2). Recent studies of the melting curve of hydrogen(3,4) indicate that at high (but experimentally accessible) pressures, compressed hydrogen will adopt a liquid state, even at low temperatures. In reaching this phase, hydrogen is also projected to pass through an insulator-to-metal transition. This raises the possibility of new state of matter: a near ground-state liquid metal, and its ordered states in the quantum domain. Ordered quantum fluids are traditionally categorized as superconductors or superfluids; these respective systems feature dissipationless electrical currents or mass flow. Here we report a topological analysis of the projected phase of liquid metallic hydrogen, finding that it may represent a new type of ordered quantum fluid. Specifically, we show that liquid metallic hydrogen cannot be categorized exclusively as a superconductor or superfluid. We predict that, in the presence of a magnetic field, liquid metallic hydrogen will exhibit several phase transitions to ordered states, ranging from superconductors to superfluids.

  • 7. Bar, N.
    et al.
    Korem, T.
    Weissbrod, O.
    Zeevi, D.
    Rothschild, D.
    Leviatan, S.
    Kosower, N.
    Lotan-Pompan, M.
    Weinberger, A.
    Le Roy, C. I.
    Menni, C.
    Visconti, A.
    Falchi, M.
    Spector, T. D.
    Vestergaard, H.
    Arumugam, M.
    Hansen, T.
    Allin, K.
    Hong, Mun-Gwan
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Schwenk, Jochen M.
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Affinity Proteomics.
    Häussler, Ragna S.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Affinity Proteomics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Dale, Matilda
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Affinity Proteomics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Giorgino, T.
    Rodriquez, M.
    Perry, M.
    Nice, R.
    McDonald, T.
    Hattersley, A.
    Jones, A.
    Graefe-Mody, U.
    Baum, P.
    Grempler, R.
    Thomas, C. E.
    Masi, F. D.
    Brorsson, C. A.
    Mazzoni, G.
    Allesøe, R.
    Rasmussen, S.
    Gudmundsdóttir, V.
    Nielsen, A. M.
    Banasik, K.
    Tsirigos, K.
    Nilsson, B.
    Pedersen, H.
    Brunak, S.
    Karaderi, T.
    Lundgaard, A. T.
    Johansen, J.
    Gupta, R.
    Sackett, P. W.
    Tillner, J.
    Lehr, T.
    Scherer, N.
    Dings, C.
    Sihinevich, I.
    Loftus, H.
    Cabrelli, L.
    McEvoy, D.
    Mari, A.
    Bizzotto, R.
    Tura, A.
    ’t Hart, L.
    Dekkers, K.
    Leeuwen, N.
    Slieker, R.
    Rutters, F.
    Beulens, J.
    Nijpels, G.
    Koopman, A.
    Oort, S.
    Groeneveld, L.
    Groop, L.
    Elders, P.
    Viñuela, A.
    Ramisch, A.
    Dermitzakis, E.
    Ehrhardt, B.
    Jennison, C.
    Froguel, P.
    Canouil, M.
    Boneford, A.
    McVittie, I.
    Wake, D.
    Frau, F.
    Staerfeldt, H. -H
    Adragni, K.
    Thomas, M.
    Wu, H.
    Pavo, I.
    Steckel-Hamann, B.
    Thomsen, H.
    Giordano, G. N.
    Fitipaldi, H.
    Ridderstråle, M.
    Kurbasic, A.
    Pasdar, N. A.
    Pomares-Millan, H.
    Mutie, P.
    Koivula, R.
    McRobert, N.
    McCarthy, M.
    Wesolowska-Andersen, A.
    Mahajan, A.
    Abdalla, M.
    Fernandez, J.
    Holl, R.
    Heggie, A.
    Deshmukh, H.
    Hennige, A.
    Bianzano, S.
    Thorand, B.
    Sharma, S.
    Grallert, H.
    Adam, J.
    Troll, M.
    Fritsche, A.
    Hill, A.
    Thorne, C.
    Hudson, M.
    Kuulasmaa, T.
    Vangipurapu, J.
    Laakso, M.
    Cederberg, H.
    Kokkola, T.
    Jiao, Y.
    Gough, S.
    Robertson, N.
    Verkindt, H.
    Raverdi, V.
    Caiazzo, R.
    Pattou, F.
    White, M.
    Donnelly, L.
    Brown, A.
    Palmer, C.
    Davtian, D.
    Dawed, A.
    Forgie, I.
    Pearson, E.
    Ruetten, H.
    Musholt, P.
    Bell, J.
    Thomas, E. L.
    Whitcher, B.
    Haid, M.
    Nicolay, C.
    Mourby, M.
    Kaye, J.
    Shah, N.
    Teare, H.
    Frost, G.
    Jablonka, B.
    Uhlen, M.
    Eriksen, R.
    Vogt, J.
    Dutta, A.
    Jonsson, A.
    Engelbrechtsen, L.
    Forman, A.
    Sondertoft, N.
    de Preville, N.
    Baltauss, T.
    Walker, M.
    Gassenhuber, J.
    Klintenberg, M.
    Bergstrom, M.
    Ferrer, J.
    Adamski, J.
    Franks, P. W.
    Pedersen, O.
    Segal, E.
    consortium, The IMI DIRECT
    A reference map of potential determinants for the human serum metabolome2020In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 588, no 7836, p. 135-140Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The serum metabolome contains a plethora of biomarkers and causative agents of various diseases, some of which are endogenously produced and some that have been taken up from the environment1. The origins of specific compounds are known, including metabolites that are highly heritable2,3, or those that are influenced by the gut microbiome4, by lifestyle choices such as smoking5, or by diet6. However, the key determinants of most metabolites are still poorly understood. Here we measured the levels of 1,251 metabolites in serum samples from a unique and deeply phenotyped healthy human cohort of 491 individuals. We applied machine-learning algorithms to predict metabolite levels in held-out individuals on the basis of host genetics, gut microbiome, clinical parameters, diet, lifestyle and anthropometric measurements, and obtained statistically significant predictions for more than 76% of the profiled metabolites. Diet and microbiome had the strongest predictive power, and each explained hundreds of metabolites—in some cases, explaining more than 50% of the observed variance. We further validated microbiome-related predictions by showing a high replication rate in two geographically independent cohorts7,8 that were not available to us when we trained the algorithms. We used feature attribution analysis9 to reveal specific dietary and bacterial interactions. We further demonstrate that some of these interactions might be causal, as some metabolites that we predicted to be positively associated with bread were found to increase after a randomized clinical trial of bread intervention. Overall, our results reveal potential determinants of more than 800 metabolites, paving the way towards a mechanistic understanding of alterations in metabolites under different conditions and to designing interventions for manipulating the levels of circulating metabolites. 

  • 8.
    Belonoshko, Anatoly B.
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Ahuja, Rajeev
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Stability of the body-centred-cubic phase of iron in the Earth's inner core2003In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 424, no 6952, p. 1032-1034Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Iron is thought to be the main constituent of the Earth's core(1), and considerable efforts(2-14) have therefore been made to understand its properties at high pressure and temperature. While these efforts have expanded our knowledge of the iron phase diagram, there remain some significant inconsistencies, the most notable being the difference between the 'low' and 'high' melting curves(15). Here we report the results of molecular dynamics simulations of iron based on embedded atom models fitted to the results of two implementations of density functional theory. We tested two model approximations and found that both point to the stability of the body-centred-cubic (b.c.c.) iron phase at high temperature and pressure. Our calculated melting curve is in agreement with the 'high' melting curve, but our calculated phase boundary between the hexagonal close packed (h. c. p.) and b.c.c. iron phases is in good agreement with the 'low' melting curve. We suggest that the h.c.p.-b.c.c. transition was previously misinterpreted as a melting transition, similar to the case of xenon(16-18), and that the b.c.c. phase of iron is the stable phase in the Earth's inner core.

  • 9.
    Bhowmick, Asmit
    et al.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Hussein, Rana
    Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Bogacz, Isabel
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Simon, Philipp S.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Ibrahim, Mohamed
    Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
    Chatterjee, Ruchira
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Doyle, Margaret D.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Cheah, Mun Hon
    Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry — Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Fransson, Thomas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry and Biology.
    Chernev, Petko
    Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry — Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Kim, In Sik
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Makita, Hiroki
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Dasgupta, Medhanjali
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Kaminsky, Corey J.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Zhang, Miao
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Gätcke, Julia
    Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Haupt, Stephanie
    Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Nangca, Isabela I.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Keable, Stephen M.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Aydin, A. Orkun
    Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry — Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Tono, Kensuke
    Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan; RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan.
    Owada, Shigeki
    Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan; RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, Japan.
    Gee, Leland B.
    Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
    Fuller, Franklin D.
    Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
    Batyuk, Alexander
    Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
    Alonso-Mori, Roberto
    Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
    Holton, James M.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
    Paley, Daniel W.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Moriarty, Nigel W.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Mamedov, Fikret
    Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry — Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Adams, Paul D.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Brewster, Aaron S.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Dobbek, Holger
    Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Sauter, Nicholas K.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Bergmann, Uwe
    Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
    Zouni, Athina
    Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
    Messinger, Johannes
    Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry — Ångström, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Kern, Jan
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Yano, Junko
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Yachandra, Vittal K.
    Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
    Structural evidence for intermediates during O2 formation in photosystem II2023In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 617, no 7961, p. 629-636Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In natural photosynthesis, the light-driven splitting of water into electrons, protons and molecular oxygen forms the first step of the solar-to-chemical energy conversion process. The reaction takes place in photosystem II, where the Mn4CaO5 cluster first stores four oxidizing equivalents, the S0 to S4 intermediate states in the Kok cycle, sequentially generated by photochemical charge separations in the reaction center and then catalyzes the O–O bond formation chemistry1–3. Here, we report room temperature snapshots by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography to provide structural insights into the final reaction step of Kok’s photosynthetic water oxidation cycle, the S3→[S4]→S0 transition where O2 is formed and Kok’s water oxidation clock is reset. Our data reveal a complex sequence of events, which occur over micro- to milliseconds, comprising changes at the Mn4CaO5 cluster, its ligands and water pathways as well as controlled proton release through the hydrogen-bonding network of the Cl1 channel. Importantly, the extra O atom Ox, which was introduced as a bridging ligand between Ca and Mn1 during the S2→S3 transition4–6, disappears or relocates in parallel with Yz reduction starting at approximately 700 μs after the third flash. The onset of O2 evolution, as indicated by the shortening of the Mn1–Mn4 distance, occurs at around 1,200 μs, signifying the presence of a reduced intermediate, possibly a bound peroxide.

  • 10.
    Cao, Lina
    et al.
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Liu, Wei
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Luo, Qiquan
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Yin, Ruoting
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Bing
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Weissenrieder, Jonas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI).
    Soldemo, Markus
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI).
    Yan, Huan
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Lin, Yue
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Sun, Zhihu
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Ma, Chao
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Zhang, Wenhua
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Chen, Si
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Wang, Hengwei
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Guan, Qiaoqiao
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Yao, Tao
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Wei, Shiqiang
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Yang, Jinlong
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Energy Mat iChEM, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Lu, Junling
    Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Chem Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Energy Mat iChEM, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China.;Univ Sci & Technol China, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China..
    Atomically dispersed iron hydroxide anchored on Pt for preferential oxidation of CO in H-22019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 565, no 7741, p. 631-635Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are attractive next-generation power sources for use in vehicles and other applications(1), with development efforts focusing on improving the catalyst system of the fuel cell. One problem is catalyst poisoning by impurity gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), which typically comprises about one per cent of hydrogen fuel(2-4). A possible solution is on-board hydrogen purification, which involves preferential oxidation of CO in hydrogen (PROX)(3-7). However, this approach is challenging(8-15) because the catalyst needs to be active and selective towards CO oxidation over a broad range of low temperatures so that CO is efficiently removed (to below 50 parts per million) during continuous PEMFC operation (at about 353 kelvin) and, in the case of automotive fuel cells, during frequent cold-start periods. Here we show that atomically dispersed iron hydroxide, selectively deposited on silica-supported platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, enables complete and 100 per cent selective CO removal through the PROX reaction over the broad temperature range of 198 to 380 kelvin. We find that the mass-specific activity of this system is about 30 times higher than that of more conventional catalysts consisting of Pt on iron oxide supports. In situ X-ray absorption fine-structure measurements reveal that most of the iron hydroxide exists as Fe-1(OH)(x) clusters anchored on the Pt nanoparticles, with density functional theory calculations indicating that Fe-1(OH)(x)-Pt single interfacial sites can readily react with CO and facilitate oxygen activation. These findings suggest that in addition to strategies that target oxide-supported precious-metal nanoparticles or isolated metal atoms, the deposition of isolated transition-metal complexes offers new ways of designing highly active metal catalysts.

  • 11.
    Cederström, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Cahn, R. N.
    Danielsson, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Physics.
    Lundqvist, M.
    Nygren, D. R.
    Focusing hard X-rays with old LPs2000In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 404, no 6781, p. 951-951Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 12.
    Cederwall, Bo
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Ghazi Moradi, Farnaz
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Bäck, Torbjörn
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Johnson, Arne
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Blomqvist, Jan-Erik
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Clément, E.
    Grand Accélérateur National d´lons Lourds, Cean Cedex, France.
    de France, G.
    Grand Accélérateur National d´lons Lourds, Cean Cedex, France.
    Wadsworth, R.
    Department of Physics, University of York, UK.
    Andgren, Karin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Lagergren, Karin
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Dijon, A.
    Grand Accélérateur National d´lons Lourds, Cean Cedex, France.
    Jaworski, G.
    Heavy Ion Laboratory, Univeristy of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Liotta, Roberto
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Particle and Astroparticle Physics.
    Qi, Chong
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Nyakó, B. M.
    Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary.
    Nyberg, J.
    Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Palacz, M.
    Heavy Ion Laboratory, Univeristy of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    Al-Azri, H.
    Department of Physics, University of York, UK.
    Algora, A.
    IFIC, CSIC University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
    de Angelis, G.
    Instituto Nazionael di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy.
    Atac Nyberg, Ayse
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Bhattacharyya, S.
    Grand Accélérateur National d´lons Lourds, Cean Cedex, France.
    Brock, T.
    Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
    Brown, J. R.
    Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
    Davies, P.
    Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
    Di Nitto, A.
    Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universitá di Napoli and Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Napoli, Italy.
    Dombrádi, Zs.
    Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Science, Debrecen, Hungary.
    Gadea, A.
    IFIC, CSIC, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
    Gál, J.
    Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Science, Debrecen, Hungary.
    Hadinia, Baharak
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Johnston-Theasby, F.
    Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
    Joshi, P.
    Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
    Juhász, K.
    Department of Information Technology, Universty of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
    Julin, R.
    Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
    Jungclaus, A.
    Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Madrid, Spain .
    Kalinka, G.
    Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary.
    Kara, S. O.
    Department of Physics, Ankara University, Tandogan Ankarar, Turkey.
    Khaplanov, Anton
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Kownacki, J.
    Heavy Ion Laboratory, Universty of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
    La Rana, G.
    Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universitá di Napoli and Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Napoli, Italy.
    Lenzi, S. M.
    Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universitá di Padova and Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy.
    Molnár, J.
    Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary.
    Moro, R.
    Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universitá di Napoli and Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Napoli, Italy.
    Napoli, D. R.
    Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Natzionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy.
    Nara Singh, B. S.
    Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
    Persson, Andreas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Physics.
    Recchia, F.
    Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universitá di Padova and Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy.
    Sandzelius, Mikael
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics.
    Scheurer, J. -N
    Université Bordeaux, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Gradignan, France.
    Sletten, G.
    The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Sohler, D.
    Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary.
    Söderström, P. -A
    Department of Physics and Astromony, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
    Taylor, M. J.
    Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
    Timár, J.
    Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary.
    Valiente-Dobón, J. J.
    instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy.
    Vardaci, E.
    Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universitá di Napoli and Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Napoli, Italy.
    Williams, S.
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
    Evidence for a spin-aligned neutron-proton paired phase from the level structure of 92Pd2011In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 469, no 7328, p. 68-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Shell structure and magic numbers in atomic nuclei were generally explained by pioneering work(1) that introduced a strong spin-orbit interaction to the nuclear shell model potential. However, knowledge of nuclear forces and the mechanisms governing the structure of nuclei, in particular far from stability, is still incomplete. In nuclei with equal neutron and proton numbers (N = Z), enhanced correlations arise between neutrons and protons (two distinct types of fermions) that occupy orbitals with the same quantum numbers. Such correlations have been predicted to favour an unusual type of nuclear superfluidity, termed isoscalar neutron-proton pairing(2-6), in addition to normal isovector pairing. Despite many experimental efforts, these predictions have not been confirmed. Here we report the experimental observation of excited states in the N = Z = 46 nucleus Pd-92. Gamma rays emitted following the Ni-58(Ar-36,2n)Pd-92 fusion-evaporation reaction were identified using a combination of state-of-the-art high-resolution c-ray, charged-particle and neutron detector systems. Our results reveal evidence for a spin-aligned, isoscalar neutron-proton coupling scheme, different from the previous prediction(2-6). We suggest that this coupling scheme replaces normal superfluidity (characterized by seniority coupling(7,8)) in the ground and low-lying excited states of the heaviest N = Z nuclei. Such strong, isoscalar neutron-proton correlations would have a considerable impact on the nuclear level structure and possibly influence the dynamics of rapid proton capture in stellar nucleosynthesis.

  • 13.
    Contreras, F.-Xabier
    et al.
    Heidelberg University.
    Ernst, Andreas M
    Heidelberg University.
    Haberkant, Per
    Heidelberg University.
    Björkholm, Patrik
    Stockholm University.
    Lindahl, Erik
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Theoretical & Computational Biophysics.
    Gönen, Başak
    Tischer, Christian
    Heidelberg University.
    Elofsson, Arne
    Stockholm University.
    von Heijne, Gunnar
    Stockholm University.
    Thiele, Christoph
    Heidelberg University.
    Pepperkok, Rainer
    Heidelberg University.
    Wieland, Felix
    Heidelberg University.
    Brügger, Britta
    Heidelberg University.
    Molecular recognition of a single sphingolipid species by a protein's transmembrane domain2012In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 481, no 7382, p. 525-529Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Functioning and processing of membrane proteins critically depend on the way their transmembrane segments are embedded in the membrane. Sphingolipids are structural components of membranes and can also act as intracellular second messengers. Not much is known of sphingolipids binding to transmembrane domains (TMDs) of proteins within the hydrophobic bilayer, and how this could affect protein function. Here we show a direct and highly specific interaction of exclusively one sphingomyelin species, SM 18, with the TMD of the COPI machinery protein p24 (ref. 2). Strikingly, the interaction depends on both the headgroup and the backbone of the sphingolipid, and on a signature sequence (VXXTLXXIY) within the TMD. Molecular dynamics simulations show a close interaction of SM 18 with the TMD. We suggest a role of SM 18 in regulating the equilibrium between an inactive monomeric and an active oligomeric state of the p24 protein, which in turn regulates COPI-dependent transport. Bioinformatic analyses predict that the signature sequence represents a conserved sphingolipid-binding cavity in a variety of mammalian membrane proteins. Thus, in addition to a function as second messengers, sphingolipids can act as cofactors to regulate the function of transmembrane proteins. Our discovery of an unprecedented specificity of interaction of a TMD with an individual sphingolipid species adds to our understanding of why biological membranes are assembled from such a large variety of different lipids.

  • 14. D'Alisa, Giacomo
    et al.
    Armiero, Marco
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History, History of Science, Technology and Environment.
    De Rosa, Salvatore Paolo
    Rethink Campania's toxic-waste scandal2014In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 509, no 7501, p. 427-427Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 15.
    Dubrovinsky, L.
    et al.
    Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth.
    Dubrovinskaia, N.
    Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth.
    Langenhorst, F.
    Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth.
    Dobson, D.
    Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth.
    Rubie, D.
    Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth.
    Gessgmann, C.
    Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz.
    Abrikosov, I. A.
    Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics, Uppsala University.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Baykov, Vitaly
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Vitos, Levente
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Le Bihan, T.
    European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble.
    Crichton, W. A.
    European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble.
    Dmitriev, V.
    Swiss-Norwegian Beam Lines at ESRF, Grenoble.
    Weber, H. P.
    Swiss-Norwegian Beam Lines at ESRF, Grenoble.
    Iron-silica interaction at extreme conditions and the electrically conducting layer at the base of Earth's mantle2003In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 422, no 6927, p. 58-61Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The boundary between the Earth's metallic core and its silicate mantle is characterized by strong lateral heterogeneity and sharp changes in density, seismic wave velocities, electrical conductivity and chemical composition(1-7). To investigate the composition and properties of the lowermost mantle, an understanding of the chemical reactions that take place between liquid iron and the complex Mg-Fe-Si-Al-oxides of the Earth's lower mantle is first required(8-15). Here we present a study of the interaction between iron and silica (SiO2) in electrically and laser-heated diamond anvil cells. In a multianvil apparatus at pressures up to 140 GPa and temperatures over 3,800 K we simulate conditions down to the core-mantle boundary. At high temperature and pressures below 40 GPa, iron and silica react to form iron oxide and an iron-silicon alloy, with up to 5 wt% silicon. At pressures of 85-140 GPa, however, iron and SiO2 do not react and iron-silicon alloys dissociate into almost pure iron and a CsCl-structured (B2) FeSi compound. Our experiments suggest that a metallic silicon-rich B2 phase, produced at the core-mantle boundary (owing to reactions between iron and silicate(2,9,10,13)), could accumulate at the boundary between the mantle and core and explain the anomalously high electrical conductivity of this region(6).

  • 16. Dubrovinsky, L. S.
    et al.
    Dubrovinskaia, N. A.
    Swamy, V.
    Muscat, J.
    Harrison, N. M.
    Ahuja, Rajeev
    Holm, B.
    Johansson, Börje
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Materials science - The hardest known oxide2001In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 410, no 6829, p. 653-654Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 17. Dujon, B
    et al.
    Albermann, K
    Aldea, M
    Alexandraki, D
    Ansorge, W
    Arino, J
    Benes, V
    Bohn, C
    BolotinFukuhara, M
    Bordonne, R
    Boyer, J
    Camasses, A
    Casamayor, A
    Casas, C
    Cheret, G
    Cziepluch, C
    DaignanFornier, B
    Dang, V
    deHaan, M
    Delius, H
    Durand, P
    Fairhead, C
    Feldmann, H
    Gaillon, L
    Galisson, F
    Gamo, J
    Gancedo, C
    Goffeau, A
    Goulding, E
    Grivell, A
    Habbig, B
    Hand, J
    Hani, J
    Hattenhorst, U
    Hebling, U
    Hernando, Y
    Herrero, E
    Heumann, K
    Hiesel, R
    Hilger, F
    Hofmann, B
    Hollenberg, P
    Hughes, B
    Jauniaux, C
    Kalogeropoulos, A
    Katsoulou, C
    Kordes, E
    Lafuente, J
    Landt, O
    Louis, J
    Maarse, C
    Madania, A
    Mannhaupt, G
    Marck, C
    Martin, P
    Mewes, W
    Michaux, G
    Paces, V
    ParleMcDermott, G
    Pearson, M
    Perrin, A
    Pettersson, B
    Poch, O
    Pohl, M
    Poirey, R
    Portetelle, D
    Pujol, A
    Purnelle, B
    Rad, R
    Rechmann, S
    Schwager, C
    Schweizer, M
    Sor, F
    Sterky, Fredrik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Biotechnology.
    Tarassov, A
    Teodoru, C
    Tettelin, H
    Thierry, A
    Tobiasch, E
    Tzermia, M
    Uhlen, Mathias
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Biotechnology.
    Unseld, M
    Valens, M
    Vandenbol, M
    Vetter, I
    Vicek, C
    Voet, M
    Volckaert, G
    Voss, H
    Wambutt, R
    Wedler, H
    Wiemann, S
    Winsor, B
    Wolfe, H
    Zollner, A
    Zumstein, E
    Kleine, K
    The nucleotide sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV1997In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 387, no 6632, p. 98-102Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Chromosome XV was one of the last two chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be discovered(1). It is the third-largest yeast chromosome after chromosomes XII and IV, and is very similar in size to chromosome VII. It alone represents 9% of the yeast genome (8% if ribosomal DNA is included). When systematic sequencing of chromosome XV was started, 93 genes or markers were identified, and most of them were mapped(2). However, very little else was known about chromosome XV which, in contrast to shorter chromosomes, had not been the object of comprehensive genetic or molecular analysis. It was therefore decided to start sequencing chromosome XV only in the third phase of the European Yeast Genome Sequencing Programme, after experience was gained on chromosomes III, XI and II (refs 3-5). The sequence of chromosome XV has been determined from a set of partly overlapping cosmid clones derived from a unique yeast strain, and physically mapped at 3.3-kilobase resolution before sequencing. As well as numerous new open reading frames (ORFs) and genes encoding tRNA or small RNA molecules, the sequence of 1,091,283 base pairs confirms the high proportion of orphan genes and reveals a number of ancestral and successive duplications with other yeast chromosomes.

  • 18. Egorov, A. V.
    et al.
    Hamam, B. N.
    Fransén, Erik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, NADA.
    Hasselmo, M. E.
    Alonso, A. A.
    Graded persistent activity in entorhinal cortex neurons2002In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 420, no 6912, p. 173-178Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Working memory represents the ability of the brain to hold externally or internally driven information for relatively short periods of time(1,2). Persistent neuronal activity is the elementary process underlying working memory but its cellular basis remains unknown. The most widely accepted hypothesis is that persistent activity is based on synaptic reverberations in recurrent circuits. The entorhinal cortex in the parahippocampal region is crucially involved in the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of long-term memory traces for which working memory operations are essential(2). Here we show that individual neurons from layer V of the entorhinal cortex-which link the hippocampus to extensive cortical regions(3)-respond to consecutive stimuli with graded changes in firing frequency that remain stable after each stimulus presentation. In addition, the sustained levels of firing frequency can be either increased or decreased in an input-specific manner. This firing behaviour displays robustness to distractors; it is linked to cholinergic muscarinic receptor activation, and relies on activity-dependent changes of a Ca2+-sensitive cationic current. Such an intrinsic neuronal ability to generate graded persistent activity constitutes an elementary mechanism for working memory.

  • 19.
    Erickson, Andrew
    et al.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept SurgicalSci, Oxford, England..
    He, Mengxiao
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Berglund, Emelie
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Marklund, Maja
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Mirzazadeh, Reza
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology.
    Kvastad, Linda
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology.
    Andersson, Alma
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Bergenstråhle, Ludvig
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Bergenstråhle, Joseph
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Larsson, Ludvig
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Galicia, Leire Alonso
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Thrane, Kim
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Maaskola, Jonas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lamb, Alastair D.
    Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept SurgicalSci, Oxford, England.;Oxford Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Urol, Oxford, England..
    Lundeberg, Joakim
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology.
    Spatially resolved clonal copy number alterations in benign and malignant tissue2022In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 608, no 7922, p. 360-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Defining the transition from benign to malignant tissue is fundamental to improving early diagnosis of cancer(1). Here we use a systematic approach to study spatial genome integrity in situ and describe previously unidentified clonal relationships. We used spatially resolved transcriptomics(2) to infer spatial copy number variations in >120,000 regions across multiple organs, in benign and malignant tissues. We demonstrate that genome-wide copy number variation reveals distinct clonal patterns within tumours and in nearby benign tissue using an organ-wide approach focused on the prostate. Our results suggest a model for how genomic instability arises in histologically benign tissue that may represent early events in cancer evolution. We highlight the power of capturing the molecular and spatial continuums in a tissue context and challenge the rationale for treatment paradigms, including focal therapy.

  • 20.
    Fuso Nerini, Francesco
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Energy Technology, Energy Systems Analysis.
    Shore up support for climate action using SDGs correspondence2018In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 557, no 7703Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Fälthammar, Carl-Gunne
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005).
    Akasofu, Syun-Ichi
    Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701 .
    Alfvén, Hannes
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005). University of California San Diego, Dept Applied Physics and Information Science, San Diego, CA 92093.
    Significance of magnetospheric research for progress in astrophysics1978In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 275, p. 185-188Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent in situ measurements have led to a substantial revision of our picture of the magnetosphere and parts of the heliosphere. This concerns the character and distribution of electric fields and currents, the ways in which charged particles are energised, and the chemical composition of the magnetospheric plasma. This revision reflects the fact that real cosmic plasmas behave in fundamentally different ways than predicted by the traditional, idealised models used in magnetospheric physics and in astrophysics. The new understanding of the general properties of cosmic plasma gives us an improved basis on which to interpret astrophysical observations.

  • 22.
    Glinos, Dafni A.
    et al.
    New York Genome Ctr, New York, NY 10013 USA.;Columbia Univ, Dept Syst Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Garborcauskas, Garrett
    Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Med & Populat Genet Program, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA..
    Hoffman, Paul
    New York Genome Ctr, New York, NY 10013 USA..
    Ehsan, Nava
    Scripps Res Inst, Dept Integrat Struct & Computat Biol, La Jolla, CA USA..
    Jiang, Lihua
    Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Gokden, Alper
    New York Genome Ctr, New York, NY 10013 USA..
    Dai, Xiaoguang
    Oxford Nanopore Technol, New York, NY USA..
    Aguet, Francois
    Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA..
    Brown, Kathleen L.
    New York Genome Ctr, New York, NY 10013 USA.;Columbia Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, New York, NY USA..
    Garimella, Kiran
    Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA..
    Bowers, Tera
    Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA..
    Costello, Maura
    Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA..
    Ardlie, Kristin
    Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA..
    Jian, Ruiqi
    Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Tucker, Nathan R.
    Masonic Med Res Inst, Utica, NY USA.;Broad Inst Harvard & MIT, Cardiovasc Dis Initiat, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Ellinor, Patrick T.
    Broad Inst Harvard & MIT, Cardiovasc Dis Initiat, Cambridge, MA USA..
    Harrington, Eoghan D.
    Oxford Nanopore Technol, New York, NY USA..
    Tang, Hua
    Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Snyder, Michael
    Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA..
    Juul, Sissel
    Oxford Nanopore Technol, New York, NY USA..
    Mohammadi, Pejman
    Scripps Res Inst, Dept Integrat Struct & Computat Biol, La Jolla, CA USA.;Scripps Res Translat Inst, La Jolla, CA USA..
    MacArthur, Daniel G.
    Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Med & Populat Genet Program, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA.;Garvan Inst Med Res, Ctr Populat Genom, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.;Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Ctr Populat Genom, Melbourne, Vic, Australia..
    Lappalainen, Tuuli
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. New York Genome Ctr, New York, NY 10013 USA.;Columbia Univ, Dept Syst Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA..
    Cummings, Beryl
    Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Med & Populat Genet Program, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA..
    Transcriptome variation in human tissues revealed by long-read sequencing2022In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 608, no 7922, p. 353-359Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Regulation of transcript structure generates transcript diversity and plays an important role in human disease(1-7). The advent oflong-read sequencing technologies offers the opportunity to study the role of genetic variation in transcript structure(8-)(16). In this Article, we present a large human long-read RNA-seq dataset using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform from 88 samples from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) tissues and cell lines, complementing the GTEx resource. We identified just over 70,000 novel transcripts for annotated genes, and validated the protein expression of 10% of novel transcripts. We developed a new computational package, LORALS, to analyse the genetic effects of rare and common variants on the transcriptome by allele-specific analysis of long reads. We characterized allele-specific expression and transcript structure events, providing new insights into the specific transcript alterations caused by common and rare genetic variants and highlighting the resolution gained from long-read data. We were able to perturb the transcript structure upon knockdown of PTBP1, an RNA binding protein that mediates splicing, thereby finding genetic regulatory effects that are modified by the cellular environment. Finally, we used this dataset to enhance variant interpretation and study rare variants leading to aberrant splicing patterns.

  • 23. Haas, Brian J.
    et al.
    Kamoun, Sophien
    Zody, Michael C.
    Jiang, Rays H. Y.
    Handsaker, Robert E.
    Cano, Liliana M.
    Grabherr, Manfred
    Kodira, Chinnappa D.
    Raffaele, Sylvain
    Torto-Alalibo, Trudy
    Bozkurt, Tolga O.
    Bulone, Vincent
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Fugelstad, Johanna
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans2009In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 461, no 7262, p. 393-398Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive pathogen of potato and a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes that are related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. As the agent of the Irish potato famine in the mid-nineteenth century, P. infestans has had a tremendous effect on human history, resulting in famine and population displacement(1). To this day, it affects world agriculture by causing the most destructive disease of potato, the fourth largest food crop and a critical alternative to the major cereal crops for feeding the world's population(1). Current annual worldwide potato crop losses due to late blight are conservatively estimated at $6.7 billion(2). Management of this devastating pathogen is challenged by its remarkable speed of adaptation to control strategies such as genetically resistant cultivars(3,4). Here we report the sequence of the P. infestans genome, which at similar to 240 megabases (Mb) is by far the largest and most complex genome sequenced so far in the chromalveolates. Its expansion results from a proliferation of repetitive DNA accounting for similar to 74% of the genome. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and extensive expansion of specific families of secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes that are induced during infection or are predicted to have activities that alter host physiology. These fast-evolving effector genes are localized to highly dynamic and expanded regions of the P. infestans genome. This probably plays a crucial part in the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to host plants and underpins its evolutionary potential.

  • 24. Han, L.
    et al.
    Wei, X.
    Liu, C.
    Volpe, G.
    Zhuang, Z.
    Zou, X.
    Wang, Z.
    Pan, T.
    Yuan, Y.
    Zhang, X.
    Fan, P.
    Guo, P.
    Lai, Y.
    Lei, Y.
    Liu, X.
    Yu, F.
    Shangguan, S.
    Lai, G.
    Deng, Q.
    Liu, Y.
    Wu, L.
    Shi, Q.
    Yu, H.
    Huang, Y.
    Cheng, M.
    Xu, J.
    Wang, M.
    Wang, C.
    Zhang, Y.
    Xie, D.
    Yang, Y.
    Yu, Y.
    Zheng, H.
    Wei, Y.
    Huang, F.
    Lei, J.
    Huang, W.
    Zhu, Z.
    Lu, H.
    Wang, B.
    Chen, F.
    Yang, T.
    Du, W.
    Chen, J.
    Xu, S.
    An, J.
    Ward, C.
    Pei, Z.
    Wong, C. -W
    Zhang, H.
    Liu, M.
    Qin, B.
    Schambach, A.
    Isern, J.
    Feng, L.
    Guo, X.
    Liu, Z.
    Sun, Q.
    Maxwell, P. H.
    Barker, N.
    Muñoz-Cánoves, P.
    Gu, Y.
    Mulder, Jan
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science.
    Uhlén, Mathias
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology.
    Tan, T.
    Liu, S.
    Yang, H.
    Wang, J.
    Hou, Y.
    Xu, X.
    Esteban, M. A.
    Liu, L.
    Cell transcriptomic atlas of the non-human primate Macaca fascicularis2022In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 604, no 7907, p. 723-731Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell–cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs. 

  • 25.
    Haniffa, Muzlifah
    et al.
    Newcastle Univ, Biosci Inst, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.;Wellcome Sanger Inst, Hinxton, England.;Newcastle Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Dermatol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England.;Newcastle Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, NIHR Newcastle Biomed Res Ctr, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    Lundeberg, Joakim
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology.
    Webb, Simone
    Newcastle Univ, Biosci Inst, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England..
    A roadmap for the Human Developmental Cell Atlas2021In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 597, no 7875, p. 196-205Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This Perspective outlines the Human Developmental Cell Atlas initiative, which uses state-of-the-art technologies to map and model human development across gestation, and discusses the early milestones that have been achieved. The Human Developmental Cell Atlas (HDCA) initiative, which is part of the Human Cell Atlas, aims to create a comprehensive reference map of cells during development. This will be critical to understanding normal organogenesis, the effect of mutations, environmental factors and infectious agents on human development, congenital and childhood disorders, and the cellular basis of ageing, cancer and regenerative medicine. Here we outline the HDCA initiative and the challenges of mapping and modelling human development using state-of-the-art technologies to create a reference atlas across gestation. Similar to the Human Genome Project, the HDCA will integrate the output from a growing community of scientists who are mapping human development into a unified atlas. We describe the early milestones that have been achieved and the use of human stem-cell-derived cultures, organoids and animal models to inform the HDCA, especially for prenatal tissues that are hard to acquire. Finally, we provide a roadmap towards a complete atlas of human development.

  • 26. Hudson, Thomas J.
    et al.
    Anderson, Warwick
    Aretz, Axel
    Barker, Anna D.
    Bell, Cindy
    Bernabe, Rosa R.
    Bhan, M. K.
    Calvo, Fabien
    Eerola, Iiro
    Gerhard, Daniela S.
    Guttmacher, Alan
    Guyer, Mark
    Hemsley, Fiona M.
    Jennings, Jennifer L.
    Kerr, David
    Klatt, Peter
    Kolar, Patrik
    Kusuda, Jun
    Lane, David P.
    Laplace, Frank
    Lu, Youyong
    Nettekoven, Gerd
    Ozenberger, Brad
    Peterson, Jane
    Rao, T. S.
    Remacle, Jacques
    Schafer, Alan J.
    Shibata, Tatsuhiro
    Stratton, Michael R.
    Vockley, Joseph G.
    Watanabe, Koichi
    Yang, Huanming
    Yuen, Matthew M. F.
    Knoppers, M.
    Bobrow, Martin
    Cambon-Thomsen, Anne
    Dressler, Lynn G.
    Dyke, Stephanie O. M.
    Joly, Yann
    Kato, Kazuto
    Kennedy, Karen L.
    Nicolas, Pilar
    Parker, Michael J.
    Rial-Sebbag, Emmanuelle
    Romeo-Casabona, Carlos M.
    Shaw, Kenna M.
    Wallace, Susan
    Wiesner, Georgia L.
    Zeps, Nikolajs
    Lichter, Peter
    Biankin, Andrew V.
    Chabannon, Christian
    Chin, Lynda
    Clement, Bruno
    de Alava, Enrique
    Degos, Francoise
    Ferguson, Martin L.
    Geary, Peter
    Hayes, D. Neil
    Johns, Amber L.
    Nakagawa, Hidewaki
    Penny, Robert
    Piris, Miguel A.
    Sarin, Rajiv
    Scarpa, Aldo
    van de Vijver, Marc
    Futreal, P. Andrew
    Aburatani, Hiroyuki
    Bayes, Monica
    Bowtell, David D. L.
    Campbell, Peter J.
    Estivill, Xavier
    Grimmond, Sean M.
    Gut, Ivo
    Hirst, Martin
    Lopez-Otin, Carlos
    Majumder, Partha
    Marra, Marco
    Ning, Zemin
    Puente, Xose S.
    Ruan, Yijun
    Stunnenberg, Hendrik G.
    Swerdlow, Harold
    Velculescu, Victor E.
    Wilson, Richard K.
    Xue, Hong H.
    Yang, Liu
    Spellman, Paul T.
    Bader, Gary D.
    Boutros, Paul C.
    Flicek, Paul
    Getz, Gad
    Guigo, Roderic
    Guo, Guangwu
    Haussler, David
    Heath, Simon
    Hubbard, Tim J.
    Jiang, Tao
    Jones, Steven M.
    Li, Qibin
    Lopez-Bigas, Nuria
    Luo, Ruibang
    Pearson, John V.
    Quesada, Victor
    Raphael, Benjamin J.
    Sander, Chris
    Speed, Terence P.
    Stuart, Joshua M.
    Teague, Jon W.
    Totoki, Yasushi
    Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko
    Valencia, Alfonso
    Wheeler, David A.
    Wu, Honglong
    Zhao, Shancen
    Zhou, Guangyu
    Stein, Lincoln D.
    Lathrop, Mark
    Ouellette, B. F. Francis
    Thomas, Gilles
    Yoshida, Teruhiko
    Axton, Myles
    Gunter, Chris
    McPherson, John D.
    Miller, Linda J.
    Kasprzyk, Arek
    Zhang, Junjun
    Haider, Syed A.
    Wang, Jianxin
    Yung, Christina K.
    Cros, Anthony
    Liang, Yong
    Gnaneshan, Saravanamuttu
    Guberman, Jonathan
    Hsu, Jack
    Chalmers, Don R. C.
    Hasel, Karl W.
    Kaan, Terry S. H.
    Knoppers, Bartha M.
    Lowrance, William W.
    Masui, Tohru
    Rodriguez, Laura Lyman
    Vergely, Catherine
    Cloonan, Nicole
    Defazio, Anna
    Eshleman, James R.
    Etemadmoghadam, Dariush
    Gardiner, Brooke B.
    Kench, James G.
    Sutherland, Robert L.
    Tempero, Margaret A.
    Waddell, Nicola J.
    Wilson, Peter J.
    Gallinger, Steve
    Tsao, Ming-Sound
    Shaw, Patricia A.
    Petersen, Gloria M.
    Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata
    DePinho, Ronald A.
    Thayer, Sarah
    Muthuswamy, Lakshmi
    Shazand, Kamran
    Beck, Timothy
    Sam, Michelle
    Timms, Lee
    Ballin, Vanessa
    Ji, Jiafu
    Zhang, Xiuqing
    Chen, Feng
    Hu, Xueda
    Yang, Qi
    Tian, Geng
    Zhang, Lianhai
    Xing, Xiaofang
    Li, Xianghong
    Zhu, Zhenggang
    Yu, Yingyan
    Yu, Jun
    Tost, Joerg
    Brennan, Paul
    Holcatova, Ivana
    Zaridze, David
    Brazma, Alvis
    Egevad, Lars
    Prokhortchouk, Egor
    Banks, Rosamonde Elizabeth
    Uhlén, Mathias
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Proteomics.
    Viksna, Juris
    Pontén, Fredrik
    Skryabin, Konstantin
    Birney, Ewan
    Borg, Ake
    Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise
    Caldas, Carlos
    Foekens, John A.
    Martin, Sancha
    Reis-Filho, Jorge S.
    Richardson, Andrea L.
    Sotiriou, Christos
    van't Veer, Laura
    Birnbaum, Daniel
    Blanche, Helene
    Boucher, Pascal
    Boyault, Sandrine
    Masson-Jacquemier, Jocelyne D.
    Pauporte, Iris
    Pivot, Xavier
    Vincent-Salomon, Anne
    Tabone, Eric
    Theillet, Charles
    Treilleux, Isabelle
    Bioulac-Sage, Paulette
    Decaens, Thomas
    Franco, Dominique
    Gut, Marta
    Samuel, Didier
    Zucman-Rossi, Jessica
    Eils, Roland
    Brors, Benedikt
    Korbel, Jan O.
    Korshunov, Andrey
    Landgraf, Pablo
    Lehrach, Hans
    Pfister, Stefan
    Radlwimmer, Bernhard
    Reifenberger, Guido
    Taylor, Michael D.
    von Kalle, Christof
    Majumder, Partha P.
    Pederzoli, Paolo
    Lawlor, Rita T.
    Delledonne, Massimo
    Bardelli, Alberto
    Gress, Thomas
    Klimstra, David
    Zamboni, Giuseppe
    Nakamura, Yusuke
    Miyano, Satoru
    Fujimoto, Akihiro
    Campo, Elias
    de Sanjose, Silvia
    Montserrat, Emili
    Gonzalez-Diaz, Marcos
    Jares, Pedro
    Himmelbauer, Heinz
    Bea, Silvia
    Aparicio, Samuel
    Easton, Douglas F.
    Collins, Francis S.
    Compton, Carolyn C.
    Lander, Eric S.
    Burke, Wylie
    Green, Anthony R.
    Hamilton, Stanley R.
    Kallioniemi, Olli P.
    Ley, Timothy J.
    Liu, Edison T.
    Wainwright, Brandon J.
    International network of cancer genome projects2010In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 464, no 7291, p. 993-998Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was launched to coordinate large-scale cancer genome studies in tumours from 50 different cancer types and/or subtypes that are of clinical and societal importance across the globe. Systematic studies of more than 25,000 cancer genomes at the genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels will reveal the repertoire of oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of the mutagenic influences, define clinically relevant subtypes for prognosis and therapeutic management, and enable the development of new cancer therapies.

  • 27. Jun, Chen
    et al.
    Ban, Yifang
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geodesy and Geoinformatics.
    Li, Songnian
    China: Open access to Earth land-cover map2014In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 514, no 7523, p. 434-434Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 28. Kaukua, Nina
    et al.
    Shahidi, Maryam Khatibi
    Konstantinidou, Chrysoula
    Dyachuk, Vyacheslav
    Kaucka, Marketa
    Furlan, Alessandro
    An, Zhengwen
    Wang, Longlong
    Hultman, Isabell
    Ahrlund-Richter, Larsa
    Blom, Hans
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Cell Physics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Brismar, Hjalmar
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Cell Physics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lopes, Natalia Assaife
    Pachnis, Vassilis
    Suter, Ueli
    Clevers, Hans
    Thesleff, Irma
    Sharpe, Paul
    Ernfors, Patrik
    Fried, Kaj
    Adameyko, Igor
    Glial origin of mesenchymal stem cells in a tooth model system2014In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 513, no 7519, p. 551-554Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Mesenchymal stem cells occupy niches in stromal tissues where they provide sources of cells for specialized mesenchymal derivatives during growth and repair(1). The origins of mesenchymal stem cells have been the subject of considerable discussion, and current consensus holds that perivascular cells form mesenchymal stem cells in most tissues. The continuously growing mouse incisor tooth offers an excellent model to address the origin of mesenchymal stem cells. These stem cells dwell in a niche at the tooth apex where they produce a variety of differentiated derivatives. Cells constituting the tooth are mostly derived from two embryonic sources: neural crest ectomesenchyme and ectodermal epithelium(2). It has been thought for decades that the dental mesenchymal stem cells(3) giving rise to pulp cells and odontoblasts derive from neural crest cells after their migration in the early head and formation of ectomesenchymal tissue(4,5). Here we show that a significant population of mesenchymal stem cells during development, self-renewal and repair of a tooth are derived from peripheral nerve-associated glia. Glial cells generate multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that produce pulp cells and odontoblasts. By combining a clonal colour-coding technique(6) with tracing of peripheral glia, we provide new insights into the dynamics of tooth organogenesis and growth.

  • 29. Kim, J. J.
    et al.
    Gharpure, A.
    Teng, J.
    Zhuang, Y.
    Howard, R. J.
    Zhu, S.
    Noviello, C. M.
    Walsh, R.M., Jr.
    Lindahl, Erik
    KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Biophysics. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
    Hibbs, R. E.
    Shared structural mechanisms of general anaesthetics and benzodiazepines2020In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 585, no 7824, p. 303-308Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Most general anaesthetics and classical benzodiazepine drugs act through positive modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors to dampen neuronal activity in the brain1–5. However, direct structural information on the mechanisms of general anaesthetics at their physiological receptor sites is lacking. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of GABAA receptors bound to intravenous anaesthetics, benzodiazepines and inhibitory modulators. These structures were solved in a lipidic environment and are complemented by electrophysiology and molecular dynamics simulations. Structures of GABAA receptors in complex with the anaesthetics phenobarbital, etomidate and propofol reveal both distinct and common transmembrane binding sites, which are shared in part by the benzodiazepine drug diazepam. Structures in which GABAA receptors are bound by benzodiazepine-site ligands identify an additional membrane binding site for diazepam and suggest an allosteric mechanism for anaesthetic reversal by flumazenil. This study provides a foundation for understanding how pharmacologically diverse and clinically essential drugs act through overlapping and distinct mechanisms to potentiate inhibitory signalling in the brain. 

  • 30.
    Larsbrink, Johan
    et al.
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Rogers, Theresa E.
    Hemsworth, Glyn R.
    McKee, Lauren S.
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Tauzin, Alexandra S.
    Spadiut, Oliver
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Klinter, Stefan
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Pudlo, Nicholas A.
    Urs, Karthik
    Koropatkin, Nicole M.
    Creagh, A. Louise
    Haynes, Charles A.
    Kelly, Amelia G.
    Nilsson Cederholm, Stefan
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    Davies, Gideon J.
    Martens, Eric C.
    Brumer, Harry
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience.
    A discrete genetic locus confers xyloglucan metabolism in select human gut Bacteroidetes2014In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 506, no 7489, p. 498-502Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A well-balanced human diet includes a significant intake of non-starch polysaccharides, collectively termed 'dietary fibre', from the cell walls of diverse fruits and vegetables(1). Owing to the paucity of alimentary enzymes encoded by the human genome(2), our ability to derive energy from dietary fibre depends on the saccharification and fermentation of complex carbohydrates by the massive microbial community residing in our distal gut(3,4). The xyloglucans (XyGs) are a ubiquitous family of highly branched plant cell wall polysaccharides(5,6) whose mechanism(s) of degradation in the human gut and consequent importance in nutrition have been unclear(1,7,8). Here we demonstrate that a single, complex gene locus in Bacteroides ovatus confers XyG catabolism in this common colonic symbiont. Through targeted gene disruption, biochemical analysis of all predicted glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate-binding proteins, and three-dimensional structural determination of the vanguard endo-xyloglucanase, we reveal the molecular mechanisms through which XyGs are hydrolysed to component monosaccharides for further metabolism. We also observe that orthologous XyG utilization loci (XyGULs) serve as genetic markers of XyG catabolism in Bacteroidetes, that XyGULs are restricted to a limited number of phylogenetically diverse strains, and that XyGULs are ubiquitous in surveyed human metagenomes. Our findings reveal that the metabolism of even highly abundant components of dietary fibre may be mediated by niche species, which has immediate fundamental and practical implications for gut symbiont population ecology in the context of human diet, nutrition and health(9-12).

  • 31.
    Laurell, Fredrik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Laser Physics.
    Margulis, W.
    Lesche, B.
    Imagingthe χ2 grating in a frequency doubling fibre1995In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 32.
    Li, Tian
    et al.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.;Univ Maryland, Ctr Mat Innovat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Chen, Chaoji
    Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.;Univ Maryland, Ctr Mat Innovat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Brozena, Alexandra H.
    Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Zhu, J. Y.
    USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA..
    Xu, Lixian
    Sappi Biotech, Maastricht, Netherlands..
    Driemeier, Carlos
    Brazilian Ctr Res Energy & Mat CNPEM, Brazilian BiorenewabLes Natl Lab LNBR, Campinas, Brazil..
    Dai, Jiaqi
    Inventwood LLC, College Pk, MD USA..
    Rojas, Orlando J.
    Univ British Columbia, Bioprod Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Univ British Columbia, Bioprod Inst, Dept Chem & Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada.;Aalto Univ, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst, Espoo, Finland..
    Isogai, Akira
    Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo, Japan..
    Wågberg, Lars
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
    Hu, Liangbing
    Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.;Univ Maryland, Ctr Mat Innovat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Developing fibrillated cellulose as a sustainable technological material2021In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 590, no 7844, p. 47-56Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, found in trees, waste from agricultural crops and other biomass. The fibres that comprise cellulose can be broken down into building blocks, known as fibrillated cellulose, of varying, controllable dimensions that extend to the nanoscale. Fibrillated cellulose is harvested from renewable resources, so its sustainability potential combined with its other functional properties (mechanical, optical, thermal and fluidic, for example) gives this nanomaterial unique technological appeal. Here we explore the use of fibrillated cellulose in the fabrication of materials ranging from composites and macrofibres, to thin films, porous membranes and gels. We discuss research directions for the practical exploitation of these structures and the remaining challenges to overcome before fibrillated cellulose materials can reach their full potential. Finally, we highlight some key issues towards successful manufacturing scale-up of this family of materials. Opportunities for the application of fibrillated cellulose materials-which can be extracted from renewable resources-and broader manufacturing issues of scale-up, sustainability and synergy with the paper-making industry are discussed.

  • 33.
    Mahdessian, Diana
    et al.
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Cesnik, Anthony J.
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Gnann, Christian
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Danielsson, Frida
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Stenström, Lovisa
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Arif, Muhammad
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology.
    Zhang, Cheng
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology.
    Le, Trang
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Johansson, Fredric
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology.
    Schutten, Rutger
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Bäckström, Anna
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Axelsson, Ulrika
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Thul, Peter
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Cho, Nathan H.
    Carja, Oana
    Uhlén, Mathias
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Mardinoglu, Adil
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Systems Biology.
    Stadler, Charlotte
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Lindskog, Cecilia
    Ayoglu, Burcu
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Leonetti, Manuel D.
    Ponten, Fredrik
    Sullivan, D. P.
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Lundberg, Emma
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Cellular and Clinical Proteomics.
    Spatiotemporal dissection of the cell cycle with single-cell proteogenomics2021In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 590, no 7847Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spatial and temporal variations among individual human cell proteomes are comprehensively mapped across the cell cycle using proteomic imaging and transcriptomics. The cell cycle, over which cells grow and divide, is a fundamental process of life. Its dysregulation has devastating consequences, including cancer(1-3). The cell cycle is driven by precise regulation of proteins in time and space, which creates variability between individual proliferating cells. To our knowledge, no systematic investigations of such cell-to-cell proteomic variability exist. Here we present a comprehensive, spatiotemporal map of human proteomic heterogeneity by integrating proteomics at subcellular resolution with single-cell transcriptomics and precise temporal measurements of individual cells in the cell cycle. We show that around one-fifth of the human proteome displays cell-to-cell variability, identify hundreds of proteins with previously unknown associations with mitosis and the cell cycle, and provide evidence that several of these proteins have oncogenic functions. Our results show that cell cycle progression explains less than half of all cell-to-cell variability, and that most cycling proteins are regulated post-translationally, rather than by transcriptomic cycling. These proteins are disproportionately phosphorylated by kinases that regulate cell fate, whereas non-cycling proteins that vary between cells are more likely to be modified by kinases that regulate metabolism. This spatially resolved proteomic map of the cell cycle is integrated into the Human Protein Atlas and will serve as a resource for accelerating molecular studies of the human cell cycle and cell proliferation.

  • 34.
    Margulis, Walter
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics. RISE Acreo, Dept Fiber Opt, S-16440 Kista, Sweden..
    Glowing fabrics communicate2018In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 560, no 7717, p. 170-171Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 35.
    Marklund, Göran T.
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Ivchenko, Nickolay V.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Karlsson, Tomas
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Fazakerley, A.
    Dunlop, M.
    Lindqvist, Per-Arne
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Alfvén Laboratory.
    Buchert, S.
    Owen, C.
    Taylor, M.
    Vaivalds, A.
    Carter, P.
    Andre, M.
    Balogh, A.
    Temporal evolution of the electric field accelerating electrons away from the auroral ionosphere2001In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 414, no 6865, p. 724-727Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The bright night-time aurorae that are visible to the unaided eye are caused by electrons accelerated towards Earth by an upward-pointing electric field(1-3). On adjacent geomagnetic field lines the reverse process occurs: a downward-pointing electric field accelerates electrons away from Earth(4-11). Such magnetic-field-aligned electric fields in the collisionless plasma above the auroral ionosphere have been predicted(12), but how they could be maintained is still a matter for debate(13). The spatial and temporal behaviour of the electric fields-a knowledge of which is crucial to an understanding of their nature-cannot be resolved uniquely by single satellite measurements. Here we report on the first observations by a formation of identically instrumented satellites crossing a beam of upward-accelerated electrons. The structure of the electric potential accelerating the beam grew in magnitude and width for about 200 s, accompanied by a widening of the downward-current sheet, with the total current remaining constant. The 200-s timescale suggests that the evacuation of the electrons from the ionosphere contributes to the formation of the downward-pointing magnetic-field-aligned electric fields. This evolution implies a growing load in the downward leg of the current circuit, which may affect the visible discrete aurorae.

  • 36. Miniati, Francesco
    et al.
    Beresnyak, Andrey
    KTH, Centres, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics NORDITA.
    Self-similar energetics in large clusters of galaxies2015In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 523, no 7558, p. 59-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Massive galaxy clusters are filled with a hot, turbulent and magnetized intra-cluster medium. Still forming under the action of gravitational instability, they grow in mass by accretion of supersonic flows. These flows partially dissipate into heat through a complex network of large-scale shocks(1), while residual transonic (near-sonic) flows create giant turbulent eddies and cascades(2,3). Turbulence heats the intra-cluster medium(4) and also amplifies magnetic energy by way of dynamo action(5-8). However, the pattern regulating the transformation of gravitational energy into kinetic, thermal, turbulent and magnetic energies remains unknown. Here we report that the energy components of the intra-cluster medium are ordered according to a permanent hierarchy, in which the ratio of thermal to turbulent to magnetic energy densities remains virtually unaltered throughout the cluster's history, despite evolution of each individual component and the drive towards equipartition of the turbulent dynamo. This result revolves around the approximately constant efficiency of turbulence generation from the gravitational energy that is freed during mass accretion, revealed by our computational model of cosmological structure formation(3,9). The permanent character of this hierarchy reflects yet another type of self-similarity in cosmology(10-13), while its structure, consistent with current data(14-18), encodes information about the efficiency of turbulent heating and dynamo action.

  • 37.
    Nerini, Francesco Fuso
    KTH.
    Use SDGs to guide climate action2018In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 557, no 7703, p. 31-31Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 38. Neugebohren, J.
    et al.
    Borodin, D.
    Hahn, H. W.
    Altschäffel, J.
    Kandratsenka, A.
    Auerbach, D. J.
    Campbell, C. T.
    Schwarzer, D.
    Harding, Dan J.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemical Engineering, Process Technology. University of Goettingen, Göttingen, German.
    Wodtke, A. M.
    Kitsopoulos, T. N.
    Velocity-resolved kinetics of site-specific carbon monoxide oxidation on platinum surfaces2018In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 558, no 7709, p. 280-283Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Catalysts are widely used to increase reaction rates. They function by stabilizing the transition state of the reaction at their active site, where the atomic arrangement ensures favourable interactions 1. However, mechanistic understanding is often limited when catalysts possess multiple active sites - such as sites associated with either the step edges or the close-packed terraces of inorganic nanoparticles 2-4 - with distinct activities that cannot be measured simultaneously. An example is the oxidation of carbon monoxide over platinum surfaces, one of the oldest and best studied heterogeneous reactions. In 1824, this reaction was recognized to be crucial for the function of the Davy safety lamp, and today it is used to optimize combustion, hydrogen production and fuel-cell operation 5,6. The carbon dioxide products are formed in a bimodal kinetic energy distribution 7-13 ; however, despite extensive study 5, it remains unclear whether this reflects the involvement of more than one reaction mechanism occurring at multiple active sites 12,13. Here we show that the reaction rates at different active sites can be measured simultaneously, using molecular beams to controllably introduce reactants and slice ion imaging 14,15 to map the velocity vectors of the product molecules, which reflect the symmetry and the orientation of the active site 16. We use this velocity-resolved kinetics approach to map the oxidation rates of carbon monoxide at step edges and terrace sites on platinum surfaces, and find that the reaction proceeds through two distinct channels 11-13 : it is dominated at low temperatures by the more active step sites, and at high temperatures by the more abundant terrace sites. We expect our approach to be applicable to a wide range of heterogeneous reactions and to provide improved mechanistic understanding of the contribution of different active sites, which should be useful in the design of improved catalysts.

  • 39.
    Newton, Phillip T.
    et al.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Pediat Endocrinol Unit, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Li, Lei
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Zhou, Baoyi
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Schweingruber, Christoph
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Hovorakova, Maria
    Czech Acad Sci, Inst Expt Med, Dept Dev Biol, Prague, Czech Republic..
    Xie, Meng
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Sun, Xiaoyan
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Biosci & Nutr, Huddinge, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Ctr Innovat Med, Huddinge, Sweden..
    Sandhow, Lakshmi
    Karolinska Inst, Ctr Hematol & Regenerat Med, Huddinge, Sweden..
    Artemov, Artem V.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Inst Regenerat Med, Moscow, Russia..
    Ivashkin, Evgeny
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Suter, Simon
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Dyachuk, Vyacheslav
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden.;Russian Acad Sci, Far Eastern Branch, Natl Sci Ctr Marine Biol, Vladivostok, Russia..
    El Shahawy, Maha
    Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Oral Biochem, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Gritli-Linde, Amel
    Univ Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Acad, Dept Oral Biochem, Gothenburg, Sweden..
    Bouderlique, Thibault
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Petersen, Julian
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Med Univ Vienna, Ctr Brain Res, Dept Mol Neurosci, Vienna, Austria..
    Mollbrink, Annelie
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lundeberg, Joakim
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology.
    Enikolopov, Grigori
    SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Dev Genet, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.;SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anesthesiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA..
    Qian, Hong
    Karolinska Inst, Ctr Hematol & Regenerat Med, Huddinge, Sweden..
    Fried, Kaj
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Kasper, Maria
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Biosci & Nutr, Huddinge, Sweden.;Karolinska Inst, Ctr Innovat Med, Huddinge, Sweden..
    Hedlund, Eva
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurosci, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Adameyko, Igor
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Med Univ Vienna, Ctr Brain Res, Dept Mol Neurosci, Vienna, Austria..
    Savendahl, Lars
    Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Womens & Childrens Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Pediat Endocrinol Unit, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Chagin, Andrei S.
    Karolinska Inst, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Stockholm, Sweden.;Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ, Inst Regenerat Med, Moscow, Russia..
    A radical switch in clonality reveals a stem cell niche in the epiphyseal growth plate2019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 567, no 7747, p. 234-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Longitudinal bone growth in children is sustained by growth plates, narrow discs of cartilage that provide a continuous supply of chondrocytes for endochondral ossification 1 . However, it remains unknown how this supply is maintained throughout childhood growth. Chondroprogenitors in the resting zone are thought to be gradually consumed as they supply cells for longitudinal growth 1,2 , but this model has never been proved. Here, using clonal genetic tracing with multicolour reporters and functional perturbations, we demonstrate that longitudinal growth during the fetal and neonatal periods involves depletion of chondroprogenitors, whereas later in life, coinciding with the formation of the secondary ossification centre, chondroprogenitors acquire the capacity for self-renewal, resulting in the formation of large, stable monoclonal columns of chondrocytes. Simultaneously, chondroprogenitors begin to express stem cell markers and undergo symmetric celldivision. Regulation of the pool of self-renewing progenitors involves the hedgehog and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathways. Our findings indicate that a stem cell niche develops postnatally in the epiphyseal growth plate, which provides a continuous supply of chondrocytes over a prolonged period.

  • 40.
    Nilsson, Måns
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering.
    Griggs, D.
    Visbeck, M.
    Erratum: Create a global microbiome effort (Nature (2015) 526 631-634))2016In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 534, no 7607Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Nilsson, Måns
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Environmental Strategies Research (fms). Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden.
    Griggs, Dave
    Visbeck, Martin
    Map the interactions between Sustainable Development Goals2016In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 534, no 7607, p. 320-322Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Nystedt, Björn
    et al.
    Stockholm University.
    Vezzi, Francesco
    KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Computational Biology, CB. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Alekseenko, Andrey
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Sahlin, Kristoffer
    KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Computational Biology, CB. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Hällman, Jimmie
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Käller, Max
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Rilakovic, Nemanja
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Arvestad, Lars
    KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Computational Biology, CB. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Lundeberg, Joakim
    KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    et, al,
    The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution2013In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 497, no 7451, p. 579-584Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Taxus baccata and Gnetum gnemon reveals that the transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. Expression of 24-nucleotide small RNAs, previously implicated in transposable element silencing, is tissue-specific and much lower than in other plants. We further identify numerous long (>10,000 base pairs) introns, gene-like fragments, uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs and short RNAs. This opens up new genomic avenues for conifer forestry and breeding.

  • 43.
    Ohlsson, Tommy
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Theoretical Particle Physics.
    Another collider is not the way forward2013In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 494, no 7435, p. 35-35Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Ohlsson, Tommy
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Theoretical Particle Physics.
    Don't let furore over neutrinos blur results2012In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 485, no 7398, p. 309-309Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 45.
    Ohlsson, Tommy
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Theoretical Physics, Theoretical Particle Physics.
    Preprint servers: Follow arXiv's lead2012In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 489, no 7416, p. 367-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 46.
    Olson, Jonas
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), Space and Plasma Physics.
    The magnetospheric clock of Saturn: a self-organized plasma dynamoIn: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 47. Percec, V.
    et al.
    Dulcey, A. E.
    Balagurusamy, V. S. K.
    Miura, Y.
    Smidrkal, J.
    Peterca, M.
    Nummelin, S.
    Edlund, Ulrica
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Polymer Technology.
    Hudson, S. D.
    Heiney, P. A.
    Hu, D. A.
    Magonov, S. N.
    Vinogradov, S. A.
    Self-assembly of amphiphilic dendritic dipeptides into helical pores2004In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 430, no 7001, p. 764-768Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Natural pore-forming proteins act as viral helical coats(1) and transmembrane channels(2-4), exhibit antibacterial activity(5) and are used in synthetic systems, such as for reversible encapsulation(6) or stochastic sensing(7). These diverse functions are intimately linked to protein structure(1-4). The close link between protein structure and protein function makes the design of synthetic mimics a formidable challenge, given that structure formation needs to be carefully controlled on all hierarchy levels, in solution and in the bulk. In fact, with few exceptions(8,9), synthetic pore structures capable of assembling into periodically ordered assemblies that are stable in solution and in the solid state(10-13) have not yet been realized. In the case of dendrimers, covalent(14) and non- covalent(15) coating and assembly of a range of different structures(15-17) has only yielded closed columns(18). Here we describe a library of amphiphilic dendritic dipeptides that self-assemble in solution and in bulk through a complex recognition process into helical pores. We find that the molecular recognition and self-assembly process is sufficiently robust to tolerate a range of modifications to the amphiphile structure, while preliminary proton transport measurements establish that the pores are functional. We expect that this class of self-assembling dendrimers will allow the design of a variety of biologically inspired systems with functional properties arising from their porous structure.

  • 48.
    Phan, T. D.
    et al.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Eastwood, J. P.
    Imperial Coll London, Blackett Lab, London, England..
    Shay, M. A.
    Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA..
    Drake, J. F.
    Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA..
    Sonnerup, B. U. O.
    Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA..
    Fujimoto, M.
    JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan..
    Cassak, P. A.
    West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV USA..
    Oieroset, M.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Burch, J. L.
    Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA..
    Torbert, R. B.
    Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA..
    Rager, A. C.
    Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA.;NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Dorelli, J. C.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Gershman, D. J.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Pollock, C.
    Denali Sci, Healy, AK USA..
    Pyakurel, P. S.
    Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA..
    Haggerty, C. C.
    Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA..
    Khotyaintsev, Y.
    Swedish Inst Space Phys, Uppsala, Sweden..
    Lavraud, B.
    Univ Toulouse, Inst Rech Astrophys & Planetol, Toulouse, France..
    Saito, Y.
    JAXA, ISAS, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan..
    Oka, M.
    Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA..
    Ergun, R. E.
    Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Retino, A.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Paris, France..
    Le Contel, O.
    Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Paris, France..
    Argall, M. R.
    Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA..
    Giles, B. L.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Moore, T. E.
    NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA..
    Wilder, F. D.
    Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA..
    Strangeway, R. J.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA..
    Russell, C. T.
    Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA..
    Lindqvist, Per-Arne
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Space and Plasma Physics.
    Magnes, W.
    Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, Graz, Austria..
    Electron magnetic reconnection without ion coupling in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath2018In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 557, no 7704, p. 202-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic reconnection in current sheets is a magnetic-to-particle energy conversion process that is fundamental to many space and laboratory plasma systems. In the standard model of reconnection, this process occurs in a minuscule electron-scale diffusion region(1,2). On larger scales, ions couple to the newly reconnected magnetic-field lines and are ejected away from the diffusion region in the form of bi-directional ion jets at the ion Alfven speed(3-5). Much of the energy conversion occurs in spatially extended ion exhausts downstream of the diffusion region(6). In turbulent plasmas, which contain a large number of small-scale current sheets, reconnection has long been suggested to have a major role in the dissipation of turbulent energy at kinetic scales(7-11). However, evidence for reconnection plasma jetting in small-scale turbulent plasmas has so far been lacking. Here we report observations made in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath region (downstream of the bow shock) of an electron-scale current sheet in which diverging bi-directional super-ion-Alfvenic electron jets, parallel electric fields and enhanced magnetic-to-particle energy conversion were detected. Contrary to the standard model of reconnection, the thin reconnecting current sheet was not embedded in a wider ion-scale current layer and no ion jets were detected. Observations of this and other similar, but unidirectional, electron jet events without signatures of ion reconnection reveal a form of reconnection that can drive turbulent energy transfer and dissipation in electron-scale current sheets without ion coupling.

  • 49. Phan, T. D.
    et al.
    Eastwood, J. P.
    Shay, M. A.
    Drake, J. F.
    Sonnerup, B. U. O.
    Fujimoto, M.
    Cassak, P. A.
    Oieroset, M.
    Burch, J. L.
    Torbert, R. B.
    Rager, A. C.
    Dorelli, J. C.
    Gershman, D. J.
    Pollock, C.
    Pyakurel, P. S.
    Haggerty, C. C.
    Khotyaintsev, Y.
    Lavraud, B.
    Saito, Y.
    Oka, M.
    Ergun, R. E.
    Retino, A.
    Le Contel, O.
    Argall, M. R.
    Giles, B. L.
    Moore, T. E.
    Wilder, F. D.
    Strangeway, R. J.
    Russell, C. T.
    Lindqvist, Per-Arne
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Space and Plasma Physics.
    Magnes, W.
    Electron magnetic reconnection without ion coupling in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath (vol 557, pg 202, 2018)2019In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 569, no 7757, p. E9-E9Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Qin, Yue
    et al.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat & Syst Biol Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Huttlin, Edward L.
    Harvard Med Sch, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Winsnes, Casper F.
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Gosztyla, Maya L.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Genom Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Wacheul, Ludivine
    Univ Libre Bruxelles ULB, RNA Mol Biol, Fonds Rech Sci FRS FNRS, Gosselies, Belgium..
    Kelly, Marcus R.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Blue, Steven M.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Genom Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Zheng, Fan
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Chen, Michael
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Schaffer, Leah, V
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Licon, Katherine
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Bäckström, Anna
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Vaites, Laura Pontano
    Harvard Med Sch, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Lee, John J.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Ouyang, Wei
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.
    Liu, Sophie N.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Zhang, Tian
    Harvard Med Sch, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Silva, Erica
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Park, Jisoo
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Pitea, Adriana
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Kreisberg, Jason F.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Gygi, Steven P.
    Harvard Med Sch, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Ma, Jianzhu
    Peking Univ, Inst Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, Peoples R China..
    Harper, J. Wade
    Harvard Med Sch, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA..
    Yeo, Gene W.
    Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat & Syst Biol Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Cellular & Mol Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Stem Cell Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Genom Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    Lafontaine, Denis L. J.
    Univ Libre Bruxelles ULB, RNA Mol Biol, Fonds Rech Sci FRS FNRS, Gosselies, Belgium..
    Lundberg, Emma
    KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. ;Stanford Univ, Dept Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.;Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA..
    Ideker, Trey
    Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Bioinformat & Syst Biol Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Genom Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.;Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Bioengn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA..
    A multi-scale map of cell structure fusing protein images and interactions2021In: Nature, ISSN 0028-0836, E-ISSN 1476-4687, Vol. 600, no 7889, p. 536-+Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The cell is a multi-scale structure with modular organization across at least four orders of magnitude(1). Two central approaches for mapping this structure-protein fluorescent imaging and protein biophysical association-each generate extensive datasets, but of distinct qualities and resolutions that are typically treated separately(2,3). Here we integrate immunofluorescence images in the Human Protein Atlas(4) with affinity purifications in BioPlex(5) to create a unified hierarchical map of human cell architecture. Integration is achieved by configuring each approach as a general measure of protein distance, then calibrating the two measures using machine learning. The map, known as the multi-scale integrated cell (MuSIC 1.0), resolves 69 subcellular systems, of which approximately half are to our knowledge undocumented. Accordingly, we perform 134 additional affinity purifications and validate subunit associations for the majority of systems. The map reveals a pre-ribosomal RNA processing assembly and accessory factors, which we show govern rRNA maturation, and functional roles for SRRM1 and FAM120C in chromatin and RPS3A in splicing. By integration across scales, MuSIC increases the resolution of imaging while giving protein interactions a spatial dimension, paving the way to incorporate diverse types of data in proteome-wide cell maps.

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