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  • 101.
    Lööf, Hans
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    The Knowledge Production Function: Evidence from New Micro Data2002Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    This doctoral thesis consists of five self-contained essays.Common themes that unify the essays are the conditions for innovative engagements and the effort to endogenize innovations into the explanation of profitability, productivity and growthin manufacturing and service production. The purpose is to explore the importance of innovation in explaining heterogeneity in the performance of firms. The traditional analysis of the relationship between research and developmentand productivity is extended and developed by using, on the onehand, firm-level data not previously available and, on theother, a modern state-of-the-art econometric framework.

    Essay I. Methods and results are reviewed and stylized facts presented regarding the return on innovation. The limitations of the data and methods used in mainstream literature are discussed. A set of firm-level observations recently made available and a multiple knowledge production function analysis have been used to clarify the role of innovation in explaining performance heterogeneity among manufacturing firms inSweden.

    Essay II. The relationships between innovation and productivity among manufacturing firms in Finland, Norway and Sweden are studied. The main purpose is to investigate the contributions of firm-level innovation in creating the large observed differences in aggregated productivity growth between Norway on the one hand and Finland and Sweden on the other.

    Essay III. The focus of this essay is threefold. One, since innovation has been found to be a major contributor to productivity growth in manufacturing, we seek to find whether there is any evidence for the notion that service industrie shave a lower propensity to be innovative or that they are less efficient in deriving benefits from innovations. Second, we consider what real productivity growth does, and what the measurement methods do to produce the reported weak growthrates in services. Third, given that intermediate services have been found to be one of the fastest growing input factors inmanufacturing, largely reflecting the replacement of internally provided activities by externally produced outputs, we examine what the impact of outsourcing is on productivity growth in manufacturing. The essay brings a comparative perspective to these issues by analyzing the firm-level data on innovativeactivities and economic performance in knowledge-intensive manufacturing and service firms in Sweden.

    Essay IV.This essay investigates the sensitivity of estimated relationships between innovation and firm performance. The essay compares the sensitivity of results with regards to different types of models, estimation methods, measures of firm performance, classification of firms, type of innovations and data sources. The analyses are performed on both the level and growth rate of firm performance, and theinfluence of outliers is explored.

    Essay V. The role of capital structure and external financing in innovation and production is studied. Results from different model specifications are explored. A preferred dynamic model with flexible adjustment is used for an inter-country and an intra-country comparison of the determinants of the optimal mix between debt and equity as wellas the rate of change towards an optimal capital structure.

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  • 102.
    Lööf, Hans
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Heshmati, Almas
    Knowledge capital and performance heterogeneity: A firm-level innovation study2002In: International Journal of Production Economics, ISSN 0925-5273, E-ISSN 1873-7579, Vol. 76, no 1, p. 61-85Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is an empirical analysis of knowledge capital and performance heterogeneity at the firm level. We apply new econometric methods to extensive data on innovation and innovative activities in Swedish manufacturing. A number of interesting results emerge. First, the results show that knowledge capital, defined as the ratio of innovation sales to total sales, is found to be a significant factor contributing to performance heterogeneity among firms. This relationship holds even when we control for human capital, type of output, firm size. and the entry. merger., partial closure or exit of firms. Second. knowledge capital rises with innovation input. the firm's internal knowledge for innovation, and co-operation on innovation with domestic universities. Third, when controlling for differences in innovation investments and human capital, knowledge-intensive firms are not more innovative than labor-intensive or capital-intensive firms. Fourth, organizational rigidities in innovation projects and a lack of appropriate investment sources for innovative activities are found to have a negative impact on productivity. Finally, we find a positive association between an outspoken aggressive innovation strategy, customers and a firm's internal resources for innovation and the size of innovation investment.

  • 103.
    Lööf, Hans
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Heshmati, Almas
    Asplund, Rita
    Nåås, Svein-Olav
    Innovation and Performance in Manufacturing Industries: a Comparison of the Nordic Countries2001In: SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance, ISSN 1402-9928, Vol. Aug, no 457Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The availability of new internationally-harmonized innovation survey data collected from OECD countries has created some interesting opportunities for studying the following two key areas: (1) the determinants of innovation behavior at firm level, and (2) innovation as an important factor contributing to the economic growth. This paper looks at the relationship between innovation and productivity in Finland, Norway and Sweden at the firm level.

    Although these countries enjoy a high degree of political, social and cultural similarities, they differ largely from one another in their productivity growth and national innovation systems.

    The main objective here has been to examine how an identically-specified econometric model might work when the survey sampling and questionnaire are identical but the national data sets are estimated separately. Findings from the micro-based data in Europe known as Community Innovation Survey (CIS) data were subsequently investigated to see whether or not they contributed to explaining the presence of cross-country differences in aggregated productivity growth. Results reveal major discrepancies between the estimated firm-level results and the aggregated figures. Differences in the country regression results were investigated to see whether they were due to data errors, the econometric model, model specifications, estimation methods or unobservable country-specific effects. The tentative conclusion is that the representativeness of the respondent firms, the model specification and unobservable country specific effects may partly account for the deviations between macro and micro levels.
  • 104.
    Lööf, Hans
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Peters, Bettina
    Janz, Norbert
    Innovation and Productivity in German and Swedish Manufacturing Firms: Is there a common story?2004In: Problems & Perspectives in Management, ISSN 1727-7051, E-ISSN 1810-5467, Vol. 2, p. 184-204Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent studies have documented extensive heterogeneity in firm performance within countries, and innovation has been found as an important determinant. This paper addresses the issue of innovation firm performance across countries. A growing number of national firm level studies on the innovation-productivity link have been conducted using new internationally harmonized survey data, known in Europe as Community Innovation Survey (CIS). Mainly due to confidentiality reasons cross-country comparisons of CIS data are still rare. The contribution of this paper is its unique approach of pooling original firm observations from Germany and Sweden. Applying a knowledge production function that gives the relationship between innovation input, innovation output and productivity, we find to a very large extent a common cross-country story for knowledge intensive manufacturing firms. Some interesting country-specific effects are reported as well.

  • 105.
    Niss, Camilla
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Knowledge brokering across the boundaries of organisations: an interactionist interpretation of a temporary "mirror-organisation"2002Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
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  • 106.
    Nuur, Cali
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    An Exploratory Case Study of Call Centers Firms in Ljusdal2002In: The Third International Congress of the Work & Labour Network "Labour, Globalisation and The New Economy", 2002Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 107.
    Nuur, Cali
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Business Networking Between Information Technology Companies in Söderhamn2002In: Forskningssamverkan och nya former av kunskapsbildning / [ed] Kjell Eriksson, Halmstadsförag , 2002Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 108.
    Olofsson, Barbro
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Kvinnor och men i byggyrken2000Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
  • 109.
    Orre, Inger
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Reporterskap: äventyr, irrbloss, dygder2001Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other academic)
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  • 110.
    Packendorff, Johann
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    The Temporary Society and its Enemies: Projects from an Individual Perspective2002In: Beyond project management: New perspectives on the temporary-permanent dilemma / [ed] K. Sahlin-Andersson & A. Söderholm, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press , 2002, p. 39-58Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    From the perspective of the individual, projectisation of society has implied important consequences for work and life. In increasing number of people spend their working days in different kinds of project organisations, and even more people are involved in projects as a part of their otherwise routine-based employments. Besides being organised into all kinds of projects during work hours, there is also a tendency to perceive processes at work and in life in general in terms of projects. Given this position, the aim of the paper is to critically analyse the consequences of project work for individuals – both at work and in life in general. From a classification of project work situations into four different types (project-based work, renewal project participation, temporary work an independent entrepreneurship), project work is discussed in terms of time limits, creativity, careers and personal development. It is also investigated what kind of life form consequences the project work form might have; projects imply flexible work hours, which in its turn has reshaped the conditions for family life in contemporary society. It appears that projectisation implies increased self-responsibility and individual risk, and that stability (rather than flexibility) is what many individuals try to achieve through conscious action. In many ways, the enemies of the temporary society are the individuals that construct it – the very same individuals that we thought to be its proponents and its beneficiaries. 

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  • 111.
    Palm, Kristina
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Revolutionen som kom av sig2003Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [sv]

    This thesis is based on a case study of an organizationalchange-project within Civil Engine at Volvo Aero Corporation.The changeproject was aimed to create an organization built oncollaboration, which differs radically from traditionalindustrial work. Existing boundaries between the blue- andwhite-collar workers were meant to be erased and work would beperformed and decisions thereby be taken by that or thosepersons who are most appropriate. The co-workers demand on workshould be satisfied as well as the enterprises demand onefficiency and longterm competitiveness. The projects goalswere not fulfilled, but it could have been a first step towardsa radical transformation of how work can be organized. As theproject did not come out as expected effects of a verticalintegrated organization cannot be concluded. The discussion istherefore mainly about possibilities and obstacles in work ofradical changes.

    The main topic is to analyse what a vertical integratedorganization can be and what meaning it has for the employeesand the enterprise. This thesis contributes to a tentativemodel with four types of difficulties, to be noticed toincrease the possibilities for successful radical changes:

    •obstacles of first order•obstacles of second order•resistances of first order•resistances of second order

    Further on this thesis contributes to define a supposedorganization built on collaboration according to Volvo AeroCorporation and to relate it to the conceptions onpost-bureaucratic and post-Tayloristic organizations.

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  • 112.
    Palm, Kristina
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Bjerlöv, Monica
    Arbetslivsinstitutet.
    Erfarenheter från en dialogmetod som stöd vid participativ organisationsutveckling2004Report (Other academic)
  • 113.
    Palmberg, Christopher
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Turning opportunities into innovations2003Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
  • 114.
    Parmbro, Anders
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Approaches of Aftermarket Services for Successful Customer Relations: A Study of Volvo Trucks de México S.A. de C.V.2004Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    It has for many businesses, especially on competitive markets, become fundamental to offer augmented services around the core product, with the aim of building lasting and mutually beneficial relationships with the customers. The author of this thesis has investigated such services offered on the Mexican truck aftermarket.

    The art of creating successful customer relations requires theoretical insight. Research applicable on aftermarket services has therefore been studied, and the reader will go into theories of service management, relationship marketing, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty, to better understand the contexts in which aftermarket activities can be placed.

    The empirical research has been carried out at Volvo Trucks in Mexico through interviews with employees and dealers of its aftermarket organization, but also through interviewing and surveying its truck customers. The main objective of the project was to identify gaps between the aftermarket services offered and the actual needs of the customers, and to address them. Another objective was to find appropriate ways of monitoring customer satisfaction- and loyalty in the future.

    The lack of spare parts at the dealers was found to be the most urgent problem for the moment. In addition, spare parts availability was evaluated to be the most important area among the surveyed customers.

    Financial problems of the dealers were found to provoke the lack of spare parts in many cases. In turn, evidence of poor management was identified as possible causing factors to the financial problems. The main general flaw in this sense would be a questionable dealer business focus.

    The research identified the following issues as possible areas of improvement, based on the theoretical approach chosen:

    • A financial renovation of the Volvo Trucks dealer net, excepting the dealers that are not fully committed to its role. Those are to be phased out.
    • Initiation of IT-solutions to support automatic replenishment of spare parts at the dealerships. Forcing the usage of a common CRM database.
    • Introduction of corporate key performance indicators based on customer relations’ metrics.
    • Altering dealer business focus towards relationship marketing thinking.
    • Improve dealer management business vision and business knowledge.

    In addition to these findings of possible areas of improvement, the following future methods of customer satisfaction research and customer loyalty metrics are recommended:

    • Yearly one-to-one interviews with core customers performed by the aftermarket organization, and continuous close follow-up actions performed by the dealers, to monitor customer satisfaction.
    • Customer defection rate metrics to monitor customer loyalty.
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    Approaches of Aftermarket Services for Successful Customer Relations
  • 115.
    Pineiro, Erik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    The aesthetics of code: on excellence in instrumental action2003Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Software systems form an essential part of Western society,serving as tools to uphold institutions, processes andservices. It is understandable, therefore, that the mostfundamental aspects of programs are their function and utility.But they are not, however, the only things programmers areconcerned with when writing them.

    On the contrary, programmers also discuss about many otheraspects of software, including the beauty of code. Theydistinguish between different programming styles and expresstheir personal preferences, often by way of admiring andvilifying other people's code. Programmers' identification withaesthetic preferences may give rise to vanity, to disagreementsso entrenched that they deserve the name of 'holy wars' and toother similar phenomena.

    This thesis describes and analyses these phenomena, whichultimately originate in the human faculty to create andappreciate nuances, to become attached to them and to engage indisputes because of them - even infields as standardised ascomputer programming. Its aim is to expose the aesthetics ofcode, and in doing so, to discuss the symbolic aspects ofinstrumental action at large.

    Keywords:aesthetics, code, instrumental action,internet discussion fora, programming, symbolic action

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  • 116.
    Ratkic, Adrian
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Avvikelsens konst: metod och analogiskt tänkande2004Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
  • 117.
    Rehn, Alf
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Electronic Potlatch: A study concerning new technologies and primitive economic behaviors2001Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Economy - the very idea. In an age where the market economy seems to have achieved a total and omnipresent hegemony, there would seem to be little to discuss anymore. Going against this, the book argues for a sensitivity to other forms of economies,and the hybrids existing in our postindustrial society.Concentrating specifically on gift economies, and presenting a very vibrant and alive version of such an economy existing today, the book tries to widen the perspective of what economy is, and at the same time present a case for a 'new primitivism' in the study of such.

    Based on an ethnographic study of 'warez' and the community around these, the book analyzes competitive giving and what happens in networked economies where normal economic restrictions no longer apply. In this sense it is a study of economy in a general sense, although thoroughly studied in a very particular case.

  • 118.
    Rehn, Alf
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    The politics of contraband - The honor economies of the warez scene2004In: The Journal of Socio-Economics, ISSN 1053-5357, E-ISSN 1879-1239, Vol. 33, no 3, p. 359-374Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lodged within the Internet's increasingly commercialized webs there exists a thriving subculture that has developed an economy all its own. Specifically, a modern gift economy, a consistent and internally rational structure of actively anti-economic behavior that presents an interesting juxtaposition to our contemporary notions of economy. Based on an extended ethnography, this subculture is analyzed as a society ordered by agonistic play and gift-giving as economy. The contribution can best be described as adding ethnographic data from the post-industrial phase in Western economic development to the discussion of gift economies, a discourse that has usually dealt only with archaic communities.

  • 119.
    Rehn, Alf
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Taalas, S.
    'Znakomstva I Svyazi' - (Acquaintances and connections) - Blat, the Soviet Union, and mundane entrepreneurship2004In: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, ISSN 0898-5626, E-ISSN 1464-5114, Vol. 16, no 3, p. 235-250Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The discussion regarding entrepreneurship and society has often presupposed that this society by necessity will be one that embraces the market economy as a guiding principle. This paper questions this assumption by discussing a command economy, namely the Soviet Union, as a fundamentally entrepreneurial society. By introducing the case of the blat, 'Russia's economy of favours', the paper illustrates how mundane individual economies can be a part of entrepreneurship, and how flexible opportunity networks can support the rigidity of a command economy. Continuing from this, the exclusion of such irregular economies is discussed from an ideological rather than an analytic standpoint. The paper further presents some inferences that can be drawn from the case of the blat and which problematizes common assumptions in entrepreneurship studies.

  • 120. Roed-Larsen, S
    et al.
    Valvisto, T
    Harms-Ringdahl, Lars
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Kirchsteiger, C
    Accident investigation practices in Europe - main responses from a recent study of accidents in industry and transport2004In: Journal of Hazardous Materials, ISSN 0304-3894, E-ISSN 1873-3336, Vol. 111, no 1-3, p. 7-12Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Europe has during recent, years been shocked by disasters from natural events and technical breakdowns. The consequences have been comprehensive, measured by lost lives, injuries, and material and environmental damage. ESReDA wanted in 2000 - by setting up a special expert group on accident investigation - to clarify the state of art of accident investigation practices and to map the use of thoroughly accident investigation in order to learn lessons from past disasters and prevent new ones. The scope was to cover three sectors in the society: transport, production processes and storage of hazardous materials, and energy production. The main method used was a questionnaire, which was sent in 2001 to about 150 organisations. About 50 replies were analysed. The replies showed great variations but also similarities, among others in definition of accident and incident, the objectives of the investigation team, criteria used to start an investigation, the status of the investigation organisation, the flow of information, the composition of the investigation team, and the use of internal or international procedures or rules. Several methods (in total 14 different methods were mentioned) were used for carrying out accident/incident investigations. Most of the respondents were willing to co-operate in one or another way with ESReDA. Although there are important biases in the material, the results from questionnaire are important inputs to the future work of ESReDA Expert group in this field. 3 safety approaches have been identified.

  • 121.
    Rose, Linda
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Ericson, Mats
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Ortengren, R.
    Endurance time, pain and resumption in passive loading of the elbow joint2000In: Ergonomics, ISSN 0014-0139, E-ISSN 1366-5847, Vol. 43, no 3, p. 405-420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated reactions in passively loaded, fully extended elbow joints in 13 men. Pain reactions during and after loading were studied, as were endurance time, T(end), and resumption time, Tr. The loading moment on the elbow joint, Mn, varied between 7 and 100% of maximum elbow moment. Discomfort/ pain was estimated with Borg's CR-10 scale. T(end) decreased with increasing load level. The opposite was found for the resumption time: the higher the load, held until T(end), the shorter the Tr. The pain limiting the working capability originated mainly from muscle tissue and not from the joint itself. It is concluded that the relation between load and endurance time for passively loaded, fully extended elbow joints resembles that for muscular loading in more 'normal' postures. Equations for estimation of endurance and resumption times (in minutes) for fully extended joints are proposed: T(end) = 20.6e(-6.04Mn) and Tr = 0.0167e(8.84/(1.46+0.346Mn)), respectively.

  • 122.
    Rosenberg, Tommy
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Risk and quality management for safety at a local level1998Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
  • 123.
    Samuelson, Olle
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    IT-användning i byggande och förvaltning2003Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [sv]

    The development of information technology, IT, has resultedin big changes in the last decade. Personal computers, mobilephones andaccess to the Internet have been widely spread, andthe development of software and systems has contributed to newways of working and new possibilities for communication. Inmany industries, the use of IT has lead to increasedeffectiveness and productivity. In the construction industrymuch effort has been made to improve processes with the help ofIT, but the industry has not achieved increased productivity tothe same extent as others. The aim of this research is tocreate a better understanding of how different parts of theSwedish construction industry make use of IT and how theyjustify their investments in IT. The work has been carried outusing surveys. Postal questionnaires as well as interviews havebeen used. The research project started with the design anddevelopment of a questionnaire, which has been used twice inSweden. The same questionnaire has also been used in Denmarkand Finland on the same occasions. The results of the postalsurveys have, to some extent, been compared with similarsurveys regarding other industries in Sweden, as well as theconstruction industries in other countries. The findings fromthe postal surveys have also been used as a basis for aninterview study with twelve companies in the Swedishconstruction industry, with the purpose of explaining theexisting level of IT use. The conclusions that were reachedwere that the access to IT is widespread in the industry, andthat the use is concentrated in the areas of: administration,communication and design. There is a lack of use and investmentin advanced systems such as product models, virtual reality andelectronic trading. The contractors use IT to the least extentin the industry. The reasons for adopting and using IT, or notdoing so, have been divided into five areas ¡V economical,organisational, knowledge based, practical and cultural ¡Vwhich are discussed in the thesis. The practical benefits forthe individuals in each profession seem to be the mostimportant reason for adopting IT. Economical factors are thegreatest obstacles to using IT, and few companies are preparedto invest venture capital in advanced systems even if thepotential benefit is great.

    KEYWORDS:Construction industry, information technology,surveys, CAD, communication

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  • 124.
    Sandberg, Thomas
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Bidrar elcertifikatsystemet till att öka den förnyelsebara elproduktionen?2004Report (Other academic)
  • 125.
    Sandberg, Thomas
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Green certificates as a way to promote sustainable power - The Swedish case.2004In: Proceedings from the 8th International Conference on Small Hydropower., Brussels: European Small Hydropower Association , 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 126.
    Sandström, Mattias
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Lundberg, Ted
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Vilka faktorer påverkar framgången i CRM-satsningar2015Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study is intended to identify which factors that influence the success of initiatives in Customer Relationship Management, usually abbreviated as CRM. In the course of this study we have been in contact with forty-two companies operating in Sweden within eleven different sectors in order to find out how they operate regarding CRM initiatives, particularly initiatives within marketing and promotions. 

    Against the data collected during the study it was concluded that the companies working with CRM believed that the CRM initiatives resulted in higher profitability and created more loyal customers. At the same time it was evident that the companies had different views on CRM as a method and its benefits. The majority of the companies could not present any tangible results from CRM-initiatives. It was also revealed that decisions regarding CRM initiatives were based on subjective assessments and without theoretical foundation. Based on the data collected nine factors were identified to affect the success of CRM initiatives. By placing the identified factors in a theoretical context a model could be developed which demonstrates the complexity that needs to be considered when applying CRM.

    Our hope is that the developed model can be used by companies before deciding on new investments in CRM initiatives or when evaluating existing initiatives. Future studies will have to show if this work contributed to a better understanding of CRM initiatives potential and impact.

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  • 127.
    Schroeder, Jonathan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    The art firm: Aesthetic management and metaphysical marketing from Wagner to Wilson2004In: Organization Studies, ISSN 0170-8406, E-ISSN 1741-3044, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 1052-1056Article, book review (Refereed)
  • 128.
    Sjunnesson, Jan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Spindeln i nätet2003Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
  • 129.
    Sjögren Källqvist, Anna
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Projektledning från ovan - Beroenden och kopplingar i en industriell multi-projektverksamhet2002Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [sv]

    This licentiate thesis discusses management and control ofan industrial business that implements several projects at thesame time, a so-called multi-project business. The questionthat will be answered is: What distinguish the management of amulti-project business and what is crucial for the managementto focus on? The thesis is based on a case study at a companycalled Adtranz Signal in Sweden. Adtranz Signal develops,designs and delivers signal and safety systems for the railway.They are a perfect example of a modern company that operatesthe main part of their business with projects.

    The discussion will take us beyond the single project andabove the project manager. This is necessary because projectmanagement literature, by tradition, emphasizes on theindividual project, and the complexity of problems when aproject is executed isolated from the ordinary business. Todaythere are only a few empirical and theoretical studies ofmulti-project businesses, especially those that focuses on howindustrial companies use projects and lead project work.

    The scientific contribution in this thesis consists of twoparts. The first part is a profound empirical description ofhow management, control and realization of a multi-projectbusiness work. The second part is a further development of theliterature considering management problems in a multi-projectbusiness. Finally there are three important conclusions pointedout:

    •It exists dependencies and connections between theprojects in the companys multi-project business•Thedifferent dependencies can be categorized•Thedependencies and connections are important and must be handledsince they effect the management of the multi-projectbusiness

    Keywords:Management and control of a project business,industrial projects, multi-project business, multi-projectenvironment, project-based company, project management

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  • 130.
    Sohlenius, Ulrika
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Different objectives and various views on the early design process in real estate development2004In: International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, ISSN 0146-6518, Vol. 28, no 3, p. 201-213Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Business success is often connected to continuous improvement concerning factors such as quality, time and cost. In the Swedish construction sector, including housing, there is a need to improve quality, as well as shorten lead times and lower costs. A recently conducted case study in Stockholm points to differences, as well as similarities, between how various actors describe the early design process in real estate development. The actors' descriptions include the objectives for the work and views on customer value, which here is directly connected to quality. The actors in the study can be divided mainly into two separate groups: architects and project managers. The majority of the project managers are engineers. Architects and engineers are two different occupational groups for which the knowledge base has been formed during their education and practical training, i.e. the exercise of their profession. These differences affect how they prefer to work, including how they cooperate with others and which expressed (and non-expressed) objectives and interests are considered during the process. A different knowledge base is probably the main reason for the differences and discrepancies found in the study. The results point at possible improvements according to organizational issues in addition to those connected to the structure of decision-making for housing development.

  • 131. Steen, P
    et al.
    Åkerman, J
    Dreborg, Karl H.G.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Infrastructure.
    Henriksson, G
    Höjer, Mattias
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Infrastructure and Planning.
    Hunhammar, Sven
    Rignér, Johan
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    A sustainable transport system for Sweden in 20401999In: World Transport Research: Selected Proceedings from the 8th World Conference onTransport Research / [ed] H. Meersman, E. van de Voorde & W. Winkelmans, 1999, p. 667-677Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 132.
    Storm, Per
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Perspektiv på processutveckling1999Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
  • 133.
    Sörling, Stig
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Construction of the academic discipline ekonomistyrning2002Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [sv]

    The purpose of this text is to contribute to theunderstanding of a specific academic discipline (in Swedishcalled Ekonomistyrning). Another purpose is to contribute to arenewal of this field. Theoretical bases are theories from thesociological field like new institutional theory and theoriesof social constructions. The text consists of two parts. Thefirst part is about the academic discipline and the second isabout newer practices and a renewal of the discipline. In thefirst part twelve prominent academics give their views ofdifferent aspects of the discipline. The images are groupedtogether in different categories and also discussed from aninstitutional theory point of view. The second part puts focuson the pragmatic orientation in theory and on two kinds ofnewer production in practice. Two companies that producetelevision programmes and four biotech-companies are described.Interpretations are made regarding the nature of theirmanagement and control activities. Contributions from the firstpart are that (1) there are two aspects of the discipline. Thefield has first of all a strong pragmatic orientation but alsosmall and growing academic influence. The limit (2) for what isconsidered ekonomistyrning are wider and not so obvious asbefore. Traditional parts of the discipline (3) like budgetinghave been questioned and reconsidered. Consultants (4) havecreated room for new concepts like JIT, BPR, TQM, BSC and SCMinside the discipline. Contributions from the second part arethat (1) individuals are self managed and guided by theirknowledge and that these companies use (2) a "new" kind ofmanagement systems like e.g. milestones. These kinds of newpractices give vital contributions to the discussion about arenewal of the discipline. Arguments are given (3) forregarding management and control as human activities ratherthan technical questions. This calls for an extended use of newmodels, of a different language and of new images based onsocial sciences.

    Keywords:Ekonomistyrning, Management Accounting,Management Control, Social Construction, Institutional theory,Images taken-for-granted.

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  • 134.
    Thorén, Kent
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Realizing a fast growth strategy - A case study of the evolution of management control systems in a fast growing firm2004Licentiate thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    Growth has received considerable interest from researchersduring the past two decades. Some of this research focuses onorganizational issues as firms grow, proposing that thisprocess involves considerable formalization of structures,pro-cedures and systems. However, until recently, fewsubstantial research contri-butions have been made thatinvestigate the specific influence of growth on con-trol systemdevelopment. To address this gap in knowledge, this thesisexplores control system development in a fast-growing casefirm. Using a lever-of-control framework, it examines whichcontrol mechanisms that have been introduced, at what pointduring the growth process and why. This study also investigateshow these mechanisms were used during the period studied. Theempirical material was coll-ected through a number ofinterviews that were supplemented with internal docu-ments andobservations of organizational practice. In order to capturethe links between the control system changes and growth,special attention was paid to participants' intentions forthese changes. The focus on intentions is motivated by theassumption that participants' responses to their subjectiveperception of situ-ations are decisive for the emergence ofobservable organizational practices.

    The findings illustrate the importance of including anddistinguishing between dif-ferent growth measures, since bothorganizational growth (number of employees) and business growth(sales and profit) influenced the patterns observed in thiscase. Furthermore, the intentions behind the investigatedchanges involve both the achievement of goals and the handlingof consequences of the two types of growth. More specifically,business growth was related to the introduction of diagnosticcontrol systems and the formalization of work processes. Thesechanges were in-itiated by high-level managers striving toenhance firm performance and reduce risks. Organizationalgrowth, on the other hand, was associated with systems forintegration that were primarily initiated by employees. Inparticular, the geographi-cal differentiation of sub-unitsseemed to be associated with problems concerning motivation,confusions and coordination, because of communicationdifficulties between units that are spatially separate. Theseproblems were solved by providing distant units with additionalchannels for rich information. However, the interpre-tation andprecise classification of organizational practices also dependon which group's perspective one considers, as severalpractices could be interpreted in alt-ernative ways. Forinstance, when primarily considering the managers' perspective,one of the integrating information channels mentioned abovecould also be inter-preted as an interactive controlmechanism.

    The thesis also presents implications for theory andpractice and points out sev-eral promising areas for furtherresearch. Some findings highlight limitations in thetheoretical control framework and open for an extension of thelevers-of-control model. This case demonstrates that controlscan be used interactively not only to support innovation andstrategic maneuvering, but also for other purposes relevant tofirms operating in more stable environments that pursuestrategies with a relatively fixed business scope.

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  • 135.
    Thorén, Kent
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Brown, Terrence
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Development of management control systems in fast-growing small firms2004Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 136.
    Thorén, Kent
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Brown, Terrence
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Die entwicklung von managementkontrollsystemen in einer rasch wachsenden kleinfirma2004In: Zeitschrift für Klein -und Mittelunternehmen, ISSN 0020-9481, Vol. 52, no 4, p. 251-276Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [de]

    Bei der Entwicklung von Wachstumfirmen zeigt sich eine bedeutende Formalisierung von Strukturen, Prozessen und Systemen. Unter Verwendung eines "Lever-of-Control"-Frameworks untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag in eime Wachstumunternehmen über den Zeitraum von 4 Jahren, welche Kontrollmechanismen wann und warum eingeführt wurden. Bei der Untersuchung der Voraussetzungen des Wechsels der Systeme wurden sowohl Interviews wie auch Beobachtungen eingesetzt, um das Zusammenspiel zwischen Wachstum und Kontrolle darzustellen.Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung, zwischen verschiedenen Wachstumsmassnahmen zu unterscheiden, nachdem das Wachtum vielfältigen Einfluss auf die zeitliche Entwicklung aufweist. Diagnostische Kontrollen wurden vorwiegend eingesetzt, um das Wachstum zu steuern und die Risiken zu vermindern. Der Einsatz von Systemen zur Integration hing vom Wachstum im Bereich der Mitarbeiteranzahl ab. Die Implikationen zeigen, dass interaktive Kontrollen nicht nur von innovativen Firmen eingesetzt werden können, wie zuerst angenommen.

  • 137.
    Tsimiklis, Georgios
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Offshore location decision and economic crisis (The case of Greece)2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 15 credits / 22,5 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Outsourcing is a trend that has penetrated many industries over the last years taking the form of offshore outsourcing in many cases. However the location decision that follows the offshore outsourcing or the offshoring decision is quite complex and almost impossible to be answered through a linear model. A series of frameworks have been developed attempting to facilitate the process above.The focus of this work is the analysis of the location decision making through the reflection of the existing literature and the example of a specific country, Greece. Greece is chosen as a dynamic environment where the recent economic crisis has provoked structural reforms at the country, affecting the attractiveness of the location. The analysis of country is based on an OECD recent survey while the comparison is made with the assistance of a specific location decision model.Based on the findings of this study, it can be claimed that the case of Greece is quite different compared to other countries at the past which have faced similar situations. Further the reforms that take place need more time in order to be projected and trigger the attractiveness of the location.

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    Offshore location decision and economic crisis (The case of Greece)
  • 138.
    Uggla, Henrik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Brand Portfolio Metaphors2004 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
  • 139.
    Uggla, Henrik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Creating Strategic Brand Alliances2004 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
  • 140.
    Uggla, Henrik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Organisation av Varumärken: För kapitalisering och affärsutveckling2003 (ed. 2)Book (Other academic)
  • 141.
    Uggla, Henrik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Positionering: Teori, Strategi & Kritik2004 (ed. 1)Book (Other academic)
  • 142.
    Uggla, Henrik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    The Brand Association base: A conceptual model for leveraging partner brand equity2004In: Journal of Brand Management, ISSN 1350-231X, E-ISSN 1479-1803, Vol. 12, no 2, p. 105-123Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 143.
    Uggla, Henrik
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Varumärkesstrategi för Säljare2004 (ed. 1)Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 144.
    Ulfvengren, Pernilla
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Design of Natural Warning Sounds in Human-Machine Systems2003Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
    Abstract [en]

    The goal of this research is increased safety in aviation. Aviation is a highly automated and complex, as well as, safety critical human-machine system. The pilot communicates with the system via a human-machine interface in cockpit. In an alerting situation this interface is in part an auditory alerting system. Human errors are often consequences of actions brought about by poor design. Pilots complain that they may be both disturbed and annoyed of alerts, which may affect performance, especially in non-normal situations when the mental workload is high. This research is based on theories in ergonomics and cognitive engineering with the assumption that improved human performance within a system increase safety. Cognitive engineering is a design philosophy for reducing the effort required by cognitive functions by changing the technical interface, which may lead to improved performance. Knowledge of human abilities and limitations and multidisciplinary interrelated theories between humans, sounds and warnings are used. Several methods are involved in this research, such as literature studies, field studies, controlled experiments and simulations with pilots. This research defines design requirements for sounds appropriate in auditory alerts as Natural Warning Sounds. For example, they have a natural meaning within the user’s context, are compatible with the auditory information process, are pleasant to listen to (not annoying), are easy to learn and are clearly audible. A design process for auditory alerting systems is suggested. It includes methods of associability and sound imagery, which develop Natural Warning Sounds, and combines these with an appropriate presentation format. Associability is introduced and represents the required effort to associate sounds to their assigned alert function meaning. An associable sound requires less effort and fewer cognitive resources. Soundimagary is used to develop sound images. A sound image is a sound, which by its acoustics characteristics has a particular meaning to someone without prior training in a certain context. Simulations of presentation formats resulted in recommendations for cancellation capabilities and avoiding continuously repeated alerts. This research brings related theories closer to practice and demonstrates general methods that will allow designers, together with the users of the system, to apply them in their own system.

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  • 145.
    Uppvall, Lars
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Kaulio, Matti
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Work Science.
    Critical Incidents in R&D Alliances: Identifying Key Operative Issues2004In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Product Development Management. (EIASM), 2004Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 146.
    Wadström, Pontus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Management & Technology.
    Angelis, Jannis
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Kaulio, Matti A.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    How participation in strategizing shapes strategy contentManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the strategy literature regarding how participation shape strategy content by investigating different dimensions of participation in strategizing and their influence on performance measures chosen.

    Design. An immersed case study design was employed to explore fine-grained data gained through unique privileged access.

    Findings. Overall, the study showed that when organizations manage participation in strategizing, several dimensions need to be considered as they influence strategy content differently. First, senior and experienced participants decrease alignment, while less senior but experienced participants increase alignment. Second, relatively inexperienced and senior participants are more likely to change existing strategy content. A larger organizational span of the participants sets performance measures with a higher accuracy than otherwise would be the case. When strategizing participants are equally balanced between line and staff, more perspectives are taken into account.

    Limitations. Case studies provide in-depth insights and ‘thick’ descriptions. Although serving as examples in other contexts, generalizability is limited. Future research is encouraged to refine the results presented.

    Practical implications. Managerial implications include insights regarding participation in strategizing and its influence on strategy content.

    Originality. This paper fills a gap regarding participation in strategizing, and the effects such participation has on strategy content.

  • 147.
    Wadström, Pontus
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Management & Technology.
    Kaulio, Matti A.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management. KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Renewing strategizing in large established firms: how selecting and employing ‘known’and ‘new’ strategy tools enable stability and changeManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This article explores how sets of strategy tools, formed by known and new tools, are employed

    in the strategy process to renew strategizing and form strategy content. We draw on an in-depth

    case study describing a strategizing process in one of the world’s ten largest engineering,

    construction and real estate groups where balanced scorecard, business model canvas, activity

    systems and strategy maps where used to craft the organization’s new strategy. Findings show

    that the selection and combination of strategy tools into sets of tools is a strategic choice on its

    own merit and should be managed accordingly. Strategy tools help organizations develop

    unique solutions to their strategy challenges in a process referred to as particularization. From

    a theoretical standpoint, strategy processes therefore also need to be analyzed as sets of tools,

    not as single detached units.

  • 148.
    Wikström, Per-Arne
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    To Produce Change. Market-orientation and IT in property management firms.2002Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
  • 149.
    Wormbs, Nina
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management. KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Philosophy and History of Technology, History of Science and Technology.
    Who loved Tele-X? Conflicts on Satellites in the Nordic Countries 1974-19892003Doctoral thesis, monograph (Other scientific)
    Abstract [sv]

    This historical dissertation describes and analyses thesatellite projects Nordsat and Tele-X. A guiding question ishow a large public project on new technology, marred withconflicts, is carried out. the actor-network method (Callon,Latour&Law) is used because it takes complexity anduncertainty into consideration, because it avoids a prioridivisions and distinctions, and because it usefully stresseshow the relation between content and context is continuallyformed and changed.

    Nordsat began as a cultural project, aiming partly atstrengthening Nordic identity by means of direct broadcastingtelevision. However, it met severe criticism for facilitatingthe flow of cheap foreign (read American) programmes and forcosting too much. As the Nordsat project was delayed by anumber of commissions, issued by the Nordic Council, theSwedish Space Corporation managed to launch a Swedishtelecom-satellite project–Tele-X, using mainlyindustrial-policy arguments. During the 1980s these twoSwedish/Nordic projects evolved in parallel and in conflict. Bythe end of the decade Nordsat died and Tele-X was launched.

    The study points to a number of areas in which large publictechnological projects can meet challenges and cause conflicts.the strong interpretive flexibility was characteristic for theprojects and played out in differing views among users andproducers of the satellites, for example between the NordicTelecom Administrations and the Swedish Space Corporation. thesevere conflicts were of great importance for the outcome andpoints to the power of emotional engagement in technologicalprojects.

    Key words:History of technology, history of ideas,media studies, direct broadcasting satellite, DBS, Tele-X,Nordsat, Nordic cooperation, technology policy, industrialpolicy, cultural imperialism, media imperialism, SwedishTelecom Administration, Swedish Space Corporation, Televerket,Rymdbolaget, 20thcentury.

  • 150.
    Åteg, Mattias
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Hedlund, Ann
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Industrial Economics and Management.
    Pontén, Bengt
    Attraktiv arbete: från anställdas uttalanden till skapandet av en modell2004In: Arbetsliv i omvandling, ISSN 1404-8426, Vol. 1, p. 63-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to create a deeper knowledge and understanding ofwhat makes work attractive, and to create a model and to test the possibility togeneralize the model. The study had a qualitative approach, with a starting pointin a mapping method.The results of the study are put in relation to prior research, constituted bytheories on organization and motivation, and in relation to literature on attractivework and adjacent concepts. An establishment was that the prior literature onattractive work is not adequate to give an understanding for what makes workattractive, due to unsuitable starting points.Three different categories have been identified in the analyses of the empiricalmaterial. Attractive work contents include dimensions that deal with what andhow the employee is doing during the performance of the job. Examples areworking speed, freedom of action and variation. Work satisfaction includesdimensions that deal with what the employee think he or she gets out of doing thejob. Examples are acknowledgement, status and stimulation. Attractive workingconditions deal with dimensions that are common for every employee within acompany or organization. These dimensions are not dependent on the specificwork tasks of how the employee thinks about what he or she gets out of doing thejob. Examples are working hours, physical work environment and leadership.The model of attractive work represents an overall picture about what makeswork attractive and it can form a base for continued research or developmentwork. The contents of the model corresponds to what prior research has shown isimportant. But at the same time there is a need to de-learn some of the old structuresof thought, since they include features that in some cases constitutes theopposite to an attractive work.

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