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  • 301.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Sustainability and Industrial Dynamics.
    Jonsson, Sara
    Department of Finance, Business School, Stockholm University, Kista, Sweden.
    Snickare, Lotta
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Banking and Finance.
    The transaction-relationship paradox2019In: Managerial Finance, ISSN 0307-4358, E-ISSN 1758-7743, Vol. 45, no 9, p. 1253-1271Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to apply a capability perspective to investigate the shift from relationship lending to transaction lending in a bank’s corporate segment. The authors investigate the impact of three operational capabilities: assisting corporate clients in funding and business operations, management of customer relationships and internal cooperation on performance in relationship and transaction lending. Design/methodology/approach: The primarily empirical material comprises longitudinal survey data, collected on three occasions during the period 1998 throughout 2001 from one of Sweden’s largest banks. Data are analyzed using factor analysis and OLS regression. Findings: Results show that the effects of the three capabilities are contingent on the type of lending strategy: In relationship lending, assisting corporate clients has no significant direct effect on performance; however, it has an indirect effect on performance via the management of customer relationships. In transaction lending, assisting corporate clients has a direct effect on performance, and this effect becomes stronger as the transaction strategy is further implemented. The results also show that the direct effect of the management of customer relationships and cooperation on performance is significant in both strategies; however, the relation is stronger in relationship lending compared with transaction lending. Originality/value: The findings indicate that the choice of lending strategy is more complex than a choice between a strict relationship strategy and a strict transaction strategy and that a strategy that leads to competitive advantage includes elements of both strategies.

  • 302.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Centres, Centre for Banking and Finance, Cefin.
    Mannervik, Ulf
    The innovation platform: enabling balance between growth and renewal2009Report (Other academic)
  • 303.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Centres, Centre for Banking and Finance, Cefin.
    Mannervik, Ulf
    Värdeskapande innovationsmiljöer2005Report (Other academic)
  • 304.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Centres, Centre for Banking and Finance, Cefin.
    Movin, Staffan
    Ett tredelat ledarskap: ägares, styrelsers och ledningars ansvar för att skapa utvecklingsorienterade företag2004Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 305.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Centres, Centre for Banking and Finance, Cefin.
    Normann, Richard
    People as care catalysts: from being patient to becoming healthy2006Book (Other academic)
  • 306.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Centres, Centre for Banking and Finance, Cefin.
    Ohlsson, Lennart
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Centres, Centre for Banking and Finance, Cefin.
    Sörmlands kapitalinfrastruktur: kartläggning av kapitalmarknadens aktörer och marknadsbrister2009Report (Other academic)
  • 307.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Centres, Centre for Banking and Finance, Cefin.
    Ramirez, Rafael
    University of Oxford.
    Aesthetics of business innovation: experiencing "internal process" versus "external jolts"2005In: Innovation: management, policy & practice, ISSN 1447-9338, Vol. 7, no 4, p. 373-388Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper summarizes findings of a research project on business innovation. It contrasts two forms of innovation - those of 'internal process' and 'external jolt'.

    We propose that their deployment depends on how managers responsible for business innovation in large firms feel about, and sense and make sense of innovation. The felt-sensed form of innovation that they find appealing or with which they are comfortable, makes a big difference on what type of innovation process is actually put in place, and is sometimes manifested in the actual business model.

    Our ambition is to highlight these so-called 'non-rational' aspects in innovation decision-making that, we propose, complement - and sometimes shape - rational analyses determining managerial efforts to innovate.

  • 308.
    ASGHARI, Mina
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Supply chain visibility in the last mile of delivery: A case study of the National Family Planning Supply Chain in Zimbabwe2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    During the last decade, the role of supply chains has increasingly been articulated to be a key issue when it comes to universal health coverage. Humanitarian organization, donors and governments have started to realize that strong supply chains, in particular increased supply chain visibility, is imperative to ensuring proper availability of, and access to, health commodities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding the processes at every stage of the supply chain allows for mitigation of risks, forward optimization and identification of best practices. More importantly, it ensures the availability of commodities at the last mile of distribution.

    During the course of this study, it was shown that the notion of supply chain visibility is an ambiguous concept, which makes it challenging for organizations to know how and what to address when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility. The best way of measuring the level of supply chain visibility was considered as being through measuring the quantity, accuracy and freshness of the information (status information, transactional information and master data) that is shared throughout the supply chain. By assessing the three attributes of the information that is shared within a supply chain, organizations and governments in LMICs, in this case the national family planning supply chain of Zimbabwe, can assess the current level of supply chain visibility and understand what there is that affects its levels.

    The findings showed that there are many areas that can be addressed when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility - many of which are not related to sophisticated information technology (IT) solutions. However, people tend leap from supply chain visibility to sophisticated IT solutions, when discussing how the level of supply chain visibility can be improved. The belief that investments in IT solutions will increase the level of supply chain visibility has shown to be an error of perception. When framing a problem solely as a technological issue, the risk is that other critical factors that can improve the quantity, accuracy and freshness of the information, thus also the supply chain visibility, are overlooked. Instead, this study suggests that organizations and governments should address two parameters; system maturity and capacity. Together, they capture the full spectrum of factors that can be addressed when aiming to increase the level of supply chain visibility in LMICs. System maturity refers to the way in which the supply chain is designed to facilitate for superior information sharing, such as frequency of resupply intervals, choice of push- or pull-system, the number of tiers or design of the logistics management and information system. The capability refers to the aggregated of the system ability, including; workload, training, education, competence, experiences and will of individuals working within the supply chain. By using the two parameters as a guideline, the idea is that organizations and governments in LMICs will be able capture a broader spectrum of possible areas that can be addressed when aiming to improve the level of supply chain visibility.

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  • 309. Asheim, G. B.
    et al.
    Voorneveld, M.
    Weibull, J. W.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.).
    Epistemically robust strategy subsets2016In: Games, E-ISSN 2073-4336, Vol. 7, no 4, article id 37Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We define a concept of epistemic robustness in the context of an epistemic model of a finite normal-form game where a player type corresponds to a belief over the profiles of opponent strategies and types. A Cartesian product X of pure-strategy subsets is epistemically robust if there is a Cartesian product Y of player type subsets with X as the associated set of best reply profiles such that the set Yi contains all player types that believe with sufficient probability that the others are of types in Y-i and play best replies. This robustness concept provides epistemic foundations for set-valued generalizations of strict Nash equilibrium, applicable also to games without strict Nash equilibria. We relate our concept to closedness under rational behavior and thus to strategic stability and to the best reply property and thus to rationalizability.

  • 310. Ask, U.
    et al.
    Magnusson, J.
    Enquist, H.
    Juell-Skielse, Gustaf
    KTH, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Computer and Systems Sciences, DSV.
    Applied business intelligence in the making: An inter-university case from swedish higher education2009In: Business Information Systems Workshops, Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2009, p. 226-230Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There has long been a debate regarding the inclusion of IT into the curriculum for business students. With IT being a natural part of their coming working environment, the under-developed use of for instance Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Business Intelligence (BI) solutions has suffered much critique. As a response to this, the Centre for Business Solutions and the Scandinavian Academic Network for Teaching Enterprise Systems (SANTE) have created a joint initiative together with the industry. Through making the full accounts from a medium-sized manufacturing company available to the students through a specially designed BI solution, the students are given the task to identify potential problems with the accounts. The assignment is intended to be run in the form of a competition, where the students from different Swedish universities compete in analyzing the company in a given time-frame. The purpose of this case is to present the outline and outset for the competition, together with some initial reflections on the setup-phase.

  • 311.
    Askari, Pavell
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Norström, Matthew
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    The Emergence of the Dominant Design in Socio-Technical Transitions: A Case Study of Electric Aviation in Sweden2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There is currently an ongoing transition into more sustainable aviation. One of the sustainable alternatives to the conventional fossil-fueled aircraft is electric aviation. The research aim of the study could be divided into two parts. The first part was to identify the barriers to the development of electric aviation in Sweden. The second part was to ascertain if and, in that case, how the process to reach dominant design can be affected by the actors. Empirical data was mainly gathered through semi-structured interviews. In order to address the research aim, a theoretical framework built upon theories from both multi-level perspective and dominant design theory was used. There were barriers arising from Financial, Regulatory & Political, Business Model & Legitimacy, and Technical conditions. The theoretical analysis implied the existence of two socio-technical gates. These gates consist of collaboration and legitimacy aspects. Metaphorically passing through these gates would make overcoming the relevant barriers much easier. This would also align all elements of the transition, which makes it possible for the actors to affect the process of achieving dominant design.

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  • 312.
    Aslaksen Jonasson, Alexander
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Wahlforss, Alfred
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Diagnosis of Dementia using Transformer Models2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Dementia is a syndrome of illnesses resulting in cognitive decline, severely impacting the lives of those afflicted as well as their loved ones. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease, with roughly 10 million new cases each year. In this study we examine different machine learning models and approaches aimed to aid healthcare professionals in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, potentially automating parts of the diagnostic process. We evaluate our models on the Pitt corpus of the Dementia Bank dataset, using 10-fold cross validation. We compare the BERT and RoBERTa transformer models, and find that both models achieve high accuracy, precision, and specificity. The highest accuracy is achieved by RoBERTa, reaching an accuracy of 86.72%, a precision of 90.69% and a specificity of 90.53%. Furthermore, we explore the viability of using automated speech recognition for automatic transcription of audio samples from patient meetings. RoBERTa achieves an accuracy of 83.59% using transcripts generated by Google's automatic speech recognition, suggesting such methods may be viable for automating certain parts of the diagnostic process.

    In addition to the exploration of transformer models and their viability for dementia diagnostics, this paper provides a market analysis of a potential automated diagnostics tool utilizing transformer models. The analysis is based on a literature study and on two interviews; one with the CEO of a start-up providing automated dementia tests for healthcare professionals, and one with a psychologist researching dementia as well as potential methods of early diagnosis of dementia. With the interviews and literature study as a basis, we use the SWOT framework, and PEST analysis along with Porter's five forces framework to analyse the current market potential for such an automated tool. Despite detecting several obstacles and difficulties prior to market entry, we find significant potential for such a product given the current state of the market.

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  • 313.
    Asmar, Christian
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Nikolic, Rade
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Barriers and Driving Forces that Affect Potential Adopters of BECs in Sweden: How the Transition to Battery Electric Cars can be Accelerated2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The transport industry makes up a significant portion of the carbon dioxide emissions and theg reenhouse effect. Although the transition to electric cars is already happening, the transition is not happening fast enough to meet the EU targets. Because of this, our study has the aim to investigate how the transition to electric cars can be accelerated in Sweden. The study has the goal to identify driving forces and barriers to the adoption of electric cars. Our study starts with a literature review used to gather insight into the research area and construct the data collection, which is done using a survey and interviews. Based on the empirical data, identified aspects are presented. The data from the survey and interviews are combined to label each aspect as a driving force or barrier. Multiple driving forces for electric cars were identified. One of them was the driving experience. Another was the low operational cost, which the potential adopters expected to remain low in the future. It was also found that the potential adopters have good faith in the future development of the charging infrastructure. Lastly, the visibility of electric cars in information channels and media was found to be prominent. With these aspects already being considered relatively good for potential adopters in Sweden, the focus should instead be put on the barriers. However, multiple barriers of significance were found. Most of these stem from limited range, slow recharging, and insufficient infrastructure. It was found that the slow charging and low density of fast charging stations made electric cars impractical except for shorter distances. Also, these factors create range anxiety for the drivers. To solve these issues, the government should incentivize the expansion of the fast-charging network. The purchase cost and total cost of the electric car were also found to be barriers. This is mainly due to the cost of the battery, which is significant. One suggestion is to remove the VAT for electric cars, such economic incentives have proven efficient in other places globally and will also be efficient in Sweden.

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  • 314.
    Asplund, Fredrik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Mechatronics.
    Björk, Jennie
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Magnusson, Mats
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Knowing too much?: On bias due to domain-specific knowledge in internal crowdsourcing for explorative ideas2021In: R&D Management, ISSN 0033-6807, E-ISSN 1467-9310Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Internal crowdsourcing utilizes a firm’s employees, of which many have a strong understanding of the domains in which the firm operates, for contributing with, developing and evaluating ideas. On the one hand, these employees can use their domain-specific knowledge to identify the value of what may seem a far-fetched solution to the average employee. On the other hand, previous research has shown that employees typically evaluate ideas in their domains less favorably if they do not align with ongoing exploitation activities. Hence, this study focuses on whether a higher degree of relevant domain-specific knowledge makes employees participating in internal crowdsourcing prefer exploitative solutions when evaluating ideas. An empirical study of an online platform for firm-internal innovation in a multinational engineering company showed that employees who only infrequently participated in internal crowdsourcing mostly contributed to and evaluated ideas within their own domain. Employees who frequently participated also contributed to and evaluated ideas outside their own domains. By statistically analyzing group differences during idea evaluation, we show that employees participating infrequently favor exploitable solutions, whereas employees participating frequently are more uncertain. The former difference is only seen concerning ideas that require domain-specific knowledge to understand, but the latter is observed for all types of ideas. This study makes three substantial contributions. First, employees with domain-specific knowledge, through their preference for exploitative solutions, bias the outcome of internal crowdsourcing when idea evaluation requires domain-specific knowledge. Second, this bias is aggravated by the overall higher level of uncertainty displayed by employees participating frequently in internal crowdsourcing and thereby tend to reach out to other domains. Third, in order to mitigate this, bias management can build engagement in internal crowdsourcing through idea challenges that do not require domain-specific knowledge and consider avoiding employees with a strongly associated domain knowledge for idea evaluation.

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  • 315.
    Asplund, Fredrik
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Mechatronics.
    Björk, Jennie
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Magnusson, Mats
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.), Integrated Product Development.
    Patrick, Adam J.
    Rolls-Royce plc.
    The genesis of public-private innovation ecosystems: Bias and challenges2021In: Technological forecasting & social change, ISSN 0040-1625, E-ISSN 1873-5509, Vol. 162, article id 120378Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The emergence of technology increasingly depends on innovation ecosystems and frequently involves actors from both industry and academia. However, value creation may experience challenges due to bias formed during public-private innovation ecosystem genesis.

    This empirical study of bias in a new pan-European public-private initiative provides results regarding innovation ecosystems and the individuals typically active during their genesis: value creation is biased towards the selection of incumbent firms and complement challenges, and participation is biased towards engineers with knowledge of exploitation from multiple domains and researchers with knowledge of exploitation from single domains.

    This suggests that the implications of the loose coupling emphasised by the innovation ecosystems discourse and the knowledge of the different contexts in which firms capture value are more complex than previously acknowledged. The practical implications are that the ability of public innovation ecosystem leadership to act early on novel technology might be offset by the inability of involved firms to commit to bringing the technology to market and that individuals typically active during public-private innovation ecosystems genesis are not ideal for handling this challenge. In fact, increasingly connected public leadership could smother the innovation ecosystem unless well-connected and multidisciplinary researchers are brought in as brokers.

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  • 316.
    Asplund, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport and Economics.
    Eriksson, Rickard
    Strand, Niklas
    Price Discrimination in Oligopoly: evidence from regional newspapers2008In: Journal of Industrial Economics, ISSN 0022-1821, E-ISSN 1467-6451, Vol. 56, no 2, p. 333-346Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent theoretical work has shown that the incentive to target rival firms' customers with low prices can increase price discrimination, and that the strength of the incentive depends on a firm's market position. Using data on Swedish newspaper subscriptions, we find strong support for these predictions. Newspapers with a local competitor sell a larger part of their circulation at a discount than monopoly newspapers. Moreover, in competitive markets, the use of discounts is inversely related to the newspaper's market share. We find no evidence that price discrimination based on observable and exogenous characteristics is influenced by the market structure.

  • 317.
    Asplund, Marcus
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Transport and Economics, Economics.
    Friberg, Richard
    Wilander, Fredrik
    Demand and Distance: Evidence on Cross-Border Shopping2007In: Journal of Public Economics, ISSN 0047-2727, E-ISSN 1879-2316, Vol. 91, no 1-2, p. 141-157Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An important issue for commodity taxation is the extent to which changes in foreign taxes affect the extent of cross-border shopping and thereby, domestic tax revenue. We use data from Swedish municipalities to estimate how responsive alcohol sales are to foreign prices, and relate the sensitivity to the location's distance to the border. Typical results suggest that the elasticity with respect to the foreign price is around 0.3 in the border region; moving 150 (400) km inland reduces the cross-price elasticity to 0.2 (0.1). Our estimates suggest that a recent Danish cut in the spirits tax reduced Swedish tax revenues from spirits sales by more than 2%, and that an attempt by Sweden to cut taxes in response would reduce tax revenues further.

  • 318. Assent, I.
    et al.
    Domeniconi, C.
    Gionis, Aristides
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Theoretical Computer Science, TCS.
    Hüllermeier, E.
    Introduction to the special issue of the ECML PKDD 2020 journal track2020In: Machine Learning, ISSN 0885-6125, E-ISSN 1573-0565, Vol. 109, no 9-10, p. 1697-1698Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 319.
    Astbury, Marc
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
    Lux, Marius
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
    Foreign Market Entry Strategies: A Study of Born Global B2B SME’s2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The global market place is becoming ever more accessible. Internet and communication technologies are opening up new opportunities for firms of all configurations. Based on that, this research will focus on Born Global business-to-business (B2B small, medium enterprises (SME) entering in the German market. The aim is to answer the following two research questions: ‘What does a Born Global B2B SME’s internationalization process look like?’ and ‘Which adaptations should a Born Global B2B SME make to acquire customers in the German market?’ A review of internationalization literature, complemented by company participation and interviews furthers the body of academic research in this subject area.

    Qualitative research is applied through a company case study and primary interviews are conducted. A case study is employed to further understand and practically apply adaptations a firm can make to increase its chance of success in a foreign market environment, once internationalizing.

    The conclusions drawn that a Born Global B2B SME entering a foreign market should make adaptations in its online presence to cater to the new market. Specifically, language adaptations are required to the native tongue. This research concludes with both practical and theoretical suggestions. The key findings from the interviews show that the Born Global B2B SME’s studied have taken an ‘accidental’ internationalization process. 

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  • 320.
    Astebro, Thomas
    et al.
    HEC Paris, Entreprneurship, Dept Econ & Decis Sci, Paris, France..
    Braguinsky, Serguey
    Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.;Univ Maryland, Dept Econ, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.;Osaka Univ, ISER, Osaka, Japan.;NBER, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA..
    Braunerhjelm, Pontus
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Broström, Anders
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Accounting, Finance & Changes.
    Academic Entrepreneurship: The Bayh-Dole Act versus the Professor's Privilege2019In: Industrial & labor relations review, ISSN 0019-7939, E-ISSN 2162-271X, Vol. 72, no 5, p. 1094-1122Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Is the Bayh-Dole intellectual property regime associated with more and better academic entrepreneurship than the Professor's Privilege regime? The authors examine data on US PhDs in the natural sciences, engineering, and medical fields who became entrepreneurs in 1993-2006 and compare this to similar data from Sweden. They find that, in both countries, those with an academic background have lower rates of entry into entrepreneurship than do those with a non-academic background. The relative rate of academics starting entrepreneurial firms is slightly lower in the United States than in Sweden. Moreover, the mean economic gains from becoming an entrepreneur are negative, both for PhDs originating in academia and for non-academic settings in both countries. Analysis indicates that selection into entrepreneurship occurs from the lower part of the ability distribution among academics. The results suggest that policies supporting entrepreneurial decisions by younger, tenure-track academics may be more effective than are general incentives to increase academic entrepreneurship.

  • 321.
    ASZTALOS, RICHARD
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial marketing.
    GIERTZ, MATHIAS
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial marketing.
    Market Orientation in Professional Service Firms: A Framework for Market Oriented Practices2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This report combines theoretical and empirical findings to create a holistic framework for market oriented practices within professional service firms. Changes in the business environment of technology consultancy firms, has developed a need to adopt more structured procedures in assessing the market place and in responding, both through external activities as well as through internal optimization. An assumption was made that the market orientation concept was of relevance in addressing this need.

    A qualitative empirical investigation was conducted at a large professional service firm mainly operating within the construction consulting industry in Sweden.

    The result provides a conceptual framework for practising market orientation, based largely on empirical findings, which in the conclusion is summarized into a model to visualize the interconnection of the different parts of market orientation.

    The framework developed is ‘The Market Orientation Model’ which is made up four stages; (1) ‘Assess Current State’ in which the goal is to understand the current state of the firm; current market, current services and current competences. (2) ‘Collect Intelligence’ where the collection of market intelligence, using a set of different processes, about the needs and demands of current, new and internal customers should be gathered. (3) ‘Create Insight’ which is the process of identifying the Market Potential or the Market Demand through processes of organization wide dissemination and analysis of the gathered intelligence. (4a) ‘Create Response Initiative’ where the aim is to create new, or develop existing service offerings to meet the demand or need of the market. (4b) ‘Create Sales Initiative’ which is the initiation of a sales attempt of existing services to new or existing customers.

    The model creates a summarized picture of what constitutes market orientation and how it can be adapted to an organization. It can be used to create a standardized approach for an entire organization in building a market oriented firm. By continuously following this model in a market oriented firm, greater alignment with market should be achieved.

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  • 322.
    ATTAR, ANDRÉ
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial marketing.
    Cloud Service Selection for Startups: Identifying how Swedish startups prioritize when selecting their Cloud services2016Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A startup’s ability to make correct decisions regarding their Cloud choices is essential if they intend to stay competitively relevant in their business. Choosing the Cloud solutions that allow for an optimal level of production can give startups that operate in most industries a competitive advantage. However, new startups have a plethora of factors to consider when choosing a Cloud provider, which is the basis of the thesis.

    The purpose of the study is to explore and gain insight regarding how new startups can make suitable decisions when selecting different Cloud services. The study’s main data collection method is a set of interviews that were conducted with CTOs from some of Sweden’s most promising startup companies.

    The study thoroughly discusses the three largest Cloud providers (Amazon Web Services, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform), and attempts to reveal how these Cloud services are positioned in the eyes of the customers that use them on a daily basis.

    A main finding of the study was that the most important factors to consider when selecting a Cloud provider is its compatibility with your company’s IT-environment, the quality and quantity of its services, how well managed it is, if it offers data protection compliances, and ultimately, the prices of the services it offers. Furthermore, information derived from the interviews imply that new startups ought to make their IT-solution as simple as possible in order to reduce the chances of running into integration problems with different Cloud solutions. The author intends for the study to be a guideline for new startups to better understand what factors they ought to prioritize when selecting Cloud providers.

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  • 323.
    Atterhög, Mikael
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Building Sciences and Engineering.
    Effekter av förändringar i konkurrenssituation på bostadshyresmarknaden: Del I: Förändringar i hyresnivåer2003Report (Other academic)
  • 324.
    Atterhög, Mikael
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Building Sciences and Engineering.
    Effekter av förändringar i konkurrenssituation på bostadshyresmarknaden: Del II: Förändringar i boendekvaliteten2003Report (Other academic)
  • 325.
    Atterhög, Mikael
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Importance of government policies for home ownership rates: an international survey and analysis2005Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Home ownership rates increased in most countries after World War II. In a sample of 13 industrializedeconomies, home ownership rates increased from 56 percent in 1970 to 65 percent in 1990. However,in most countries analysed for this article it appears that home ownership rates have not changedsignificantly after 1990. Most governments have supported the home ownership sector with variouspolicy measures such as interest subsidies, building grants, income support, etc. This article presents aunique compilation of data on home ownership rates for the majority of the more industrializedcountries, presents a model of the determinants of home ownership rates and attempts to explain theincrease in home ownership rates, especially the role of government support. Data on governmentsupport policies has been collected by questionnaires completed by researchers in a large number ofcountries. A panel data set consisting of thirteen developed countries was developed and analysed withand without a fixed-effect model. The results indicate that there may be a positive correlation betweenhome ownership rates and government support systems. Moreover, it appears that government policiesto support home ownership implemented in non-anglophone countries may have been more effectivethan policies in anglophone countries. However, the sample size only allowed a preliminary evaluationof any patterns between the included variables.

  • 326.
    Atterhög, Mikael
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Increased competition in the Swedish housing market and its effect on rents and quality of housing services for households2005In: Housing, Theory and Society, ISSN 1403-6096, E-ISSN 1651-2278, Vol. 22, no 1, p. 32-49Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There has been a general trend in society during the last two decades towards privatization. Although privatization has been discussed for many years in Western Europe, the rental housing sector has not yet been affected very much, with the exception of the UK. This article utilizes empirical data to explore the effects on rents and quality of housing services of the privatization of apartments by municipal housing companies located outside metropolitan areas in Sweden. Quasi-experimental methodology has been used, partly as a test of this methodology and partly because it was expected to yield better results in this context than traditional multiple regression methods. The development of the apartment stock in one town/city is compared with that in carefully selected comparison town(s). It appears that 2-5 years after privatization, rent development was lower in areas where apartments had been privatized. There are also indications that the development of the quality of housing services during the period investigated was dependent more on the specific housing company than on the type of owner (private or public). These data therefore indicate that public authorities should probably not be too worried about the short- and medium-term effects of privatization if the buyer is carefully selected. However, data availability was limited and the results therefore need to be verified.

  • 327.
    Atterhög, Mikael
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Building Sciences and Engineering.
    Konkurrens och hyresnivå på bostadsmarknaden: en statistisk analys2000Report (Other academic)
  • 328.
    Atterhög, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Superseded Departments (pre-2005), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    How does increased competition on the housing market affect rents?: an empirical study concerning Sweden2004In: Housing Studies, ISSN 0267-3037, E-ISSN 1466-1810, Vol. 19, no 1, p. 107-123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the study is to investigate if more competition leads to lower rents on the housing market. Data about the rent level for similar apartments in 30 cities in Sweden were available. Three hypotheses were formulated: (H1) Increased 'internal' competition, measured by the market share of the municipal housing company (that dominates the market and is price-leader according to the Swedish system of rent regulation), leads to lower rents. (H2) Increased 'external' competition measured by the price level on the market for single-family owner occupied housing, leads to lower rents. (H3) Lower capital expenditure in the municipal housing company leads to lower rents. The statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the rent level and the level of external competition, but no relation was found for the level of internal competition and the level of capital expenditure. A possible conclusion is that policies that make it easier for households to leave the rental market are important for increasing the pressure on the firms in the rental sector and reducing rents.

  • 329.
    Atterhög, Mikael
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    A survey of policies that may increase access to home ownership for low income households2009In: Housing, Theory and Society, ISSN 1403-6096, E-ISSN 1651-2278, Vol. 26, no 4, p. 248-270Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This review article presents a systematic overview of strategies that may make home ownership affordable to more low-income households. Home ownership has been regarded as the preferred choice of tenure by most OECD countries for many decades and has often been supported with a wide range of methods that make ownership economically attractive. There are four distinct time periods of a typical “housing career”: (1) down payment accumulation stage, (2) transaction stage, (3) ownership stage and (4) selling stage. Although home ownership rates have been on the increase globally since the Second World War, recent signs indicate that this trend has been halted. However, it is argued that little is known on the actual effectiveness of most of the described policies and that a set of policies, focusing on at least the first three stages above, is needed should a government wish to encourage home ownership. Moreover, direct subsidies and grants are probably not very interesting considering the weak financial situation of most governments. Thus, selected policies would probably focus on the ability of the households to signal their characteristics and on strengthening various insurance markets so that they become open to more households at a reasonable price.

  • 330.
    ATTERSTRÖM, VICTOR
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    THEORIN, HENRIC
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    Continuous Improvements – The Key to Industrial Construction in Practice?: A case study at a large Swedish construction firm2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The  construction  industry  has  during  a  long  time  suffered  from  poor  development  in  productivity compared to other industries, especially the manufacturing industry. Many initiatives for industrialization have been made during the past decade in order to benefit from standardized products and processes, in Sweden most notably through "Miljonprogrammet" in the 1960s. This era was heavily influenced by the prevailing production philosophy in the manufacturing industry at the time - mass production. Today the industrialization  initiatives  are  based  on  concepts  from  lean  production  where  the  focus  is  upon eliminating all forms of waste through what is related to as industrial construction.

    This report is based on the purpose to, using lean philosophies and tools, investigate how concepts from industrial construction is applied in the production of residential buildings using prefabricated concrete elements. The perspective of lean production is chosen because it is suitable for the study of value flows, especially in a production environment. One of the largest  Swedish construction firms  - NCC  AB, currently deploys technical platforms and conceptual products in order to industrialize the processes used to construct rental housing with production cost and time reduction in focus. One of the key components used are prefabricated concrete elements which means the company is suitable as a case study.

    Some of the main results extracted through this research is that the studied company and in extension the entire construction industry performs poorly in terms of continuous improvements. This could be a main explanation for the industry’s productivity development in comparison with other industries, especially the manufacturing industry. Further, three areas of particular importance are derived from the case study and compared to theory within industrial construction. These areas are, in this report, labeled pillars for industrialization and it  is  argued for  that  these pillars  needs  to be considered  in order  to  enable a successful industrialized construction process.

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  • 331.
    Avdeitchikova, Sofia
    et al.
    Oxford Research.
    Nyström, Kristina
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Access to Informal Venture Capital and Ambitious Entrepreneurship - Cross Country Evidence2016In: International Review of Entrepreneurship, ISSN 2009-2822, Vol. 14, no 4, p. 469-482, article id 1545Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Many empirical studies have emphasized the importance of institutional venture capital for enabling high growth entrepreneurship and innovation. Yet, there are reasons to believe that provision of informal venture capital will have as significant, if not more significant effect on entrepreneurship. Based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data for 33 countries for the years 2001-2010, we study the relationship between the presence of informal investors in a country and the levels of general and ambitious entrepreneurship, defined as entrepreneurs that have intentions to grow their business, internationalize and/or innovate. Some of the main findings are that the overall level of access to informal venture capital is positively related to general entrepreneurship and ambitious entrepreneurship in terms of innovativeness, while access to arms-length money (i.e. informal investments made by work colleagues or strangers) appears to be positively related to ambitious entrepreneurship in terms of job growth expectations. The relationship between availability of arms-length money and the innovativeness of the entrepreneurial activities appears however to be negative.

  • 332. Ax, Christian
    et al.
    Johansson, Christer
    Kullvén, Håkan
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Management Control.
    Den nya ekonomistyrningen2009 (ed. 4)Book (Other academic)
  • 333.
    Axelson, Elisabeth
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    How the Nordic countries approach CSR and MSI: A study of firms’ CSR actions. The Nordic model.2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    There is an increasing demand for the private sector to include corporate social responsibility in their business and everyday work. This thesis has studied the corporate responsibility of firms in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden), compared with firms in 18 other OECD countries. The results are then analysed by referring to the institutional framework that firms operate in; national and international institutions. In particular, the thesis aims at examining whether there is a distinctive Nordic approach towards CSR. The Nordic countries are argued to operate in a specific national business system, influenced by the welfare state model which also impact firms’ approach towards CSR. Furthermore, the role of multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) is emphasized. National institutions are, due to increased globalization and awareness of global governance gaps, increasingly challenged by international institutions. To address this issue variables are collected from the MSI UN Global Compact (UNGC) Implementation Survey from 2017, the main variable being overall CSR actions the companies take, and more specifically with regard to human rights (HR), labour rights (LR), environment (EN) and anti-corruption (AC). A simple OLS with robust standard errors was performed to define the relationship between the variables. The result show both similarities and differences between the Nordic and OECD companies, but also differences to a larger extent than expected between the Nordic countries. The main contribution of this study is thus to highlight factors that influences companies’ CSR, with possible implications for policy makers as well as managers on a national and international level. Further research should elaborate and expand the CSR actions and compare on a cross-country level instead of a Nordic and OECD level and include companies in other MSIs.

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  • 334.
    AXELSSON, ALEXANDER
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Sustainability and Industrial Dynamics.
    Cost Reduction through Strategic Sourcing of Matured Products Designed for a Subsea Environment2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The overall objective of this thesis is to analyse the economies and diseconomies of moving the production of standardized parts, i.e. parts which are used in matured products, to low cost countries whilst looking at improvements that could be done to the current supply chain strategy.

    The research conducted in this report has shown that Company A has a potential to cut the cost for product X by outsourcing Component 1 to a low cost country in Eastern Europe where the labour costs are low enough that the main cost driver for the component becomes the raw material as opposed to labour cost. There is also a possibility that a larger storage could be used to  reduce both cost and problems stemming from the volatility of the demand which was experienced by the Buyer of Company A. The argument for keeping a larger amount of stock would be the results from the interviews held for the Smith matrix analysis, where all of the interviewees agreed that the component rarely ever had any changes made to its specification and no changes are believed to be done to the technology. If the yearly demand is set, Company A could therefore plan a purchase of larger batches which would lower the cost.

    The risks associated with outsourcing can according to the literature be lowered through the use of a multi sourcing strategy that would secure the delivery in the event that the non-local company would fail to deliver an order. The downside to this tactic is that the batch sizes ordered from the internationally located supplier would be smaller and thus increasing the cost per part. The balance of orders to the two suppliers must therefore be considered and planned in great detail to keep both price and risk at an appropriate level.

  • 335.
    Axelsson, Birger
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.
    US Equity REIT Returns and Digitalization2023Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This licentiate thesis is a collection of two essays that utilize time-series econometric methods in real estate finance. The first essay applies econometric modelling on Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) index returns, focusing on estimating the effect of the quantitative easing (QE) and quantitative tightening (QT) programmes on U.S. equity REIT index returns, while controlling for several other important macro-financial factors. The second essay instead focuses on forecasting U.S. equity REIT index returns empirically, where the performance of a traditional econometric model (ARIMA) is compared to a modern state-of-the-art deep learning-based model (LSTM).

    Digitalization, which encompasses a broad range of technological advancements, is the main factor that we study for its impact on REIT investments. One perspective on the impact of digitalization on REITs is its effect on inflation. Digitalization has the potential to increase productivity and reduce costs, which could help to keep inflation low. This, in turn, has in the recent decades provided a supportive environment for REIT investments through lower interest rates, which we partly investigate in the first essay.

    Another perspective is that digitalization has not only led, but is also expected to lead, to significant innovations in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), including deep learning (DL), which is a subset of ML. Many researchers and market practitioners are currently working to develop models that can use large amounts of data to make better forecasts and investment decisions. If successful, these models could significantly improve the performance of REIT investments. Can DL models be trained to make better forecasts for making investments? This is a question we ask ourselves in the second essay.

    The study of digitalization and its effects on inflation has been a growing area of interest in recent years, with researchers exploring the potential impact of technological advancements on macroeconomic trends, which founded the base to our studies. However, recent developments in the global economy have shifted the focus of this research, as inflation levels have unexpectedly risen from what was previously believed to be a low and stable environment. As a result, the setting and framework for our research on digitalization and inflation have been significantly altered, as we have tried to adapt to this changing landscape.

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  • 336.
    Axelsson, Birger
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.
    The effect of quantitative easing and quantitative tightening on U.S. equity REIT returnsManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Federal Reserve (the Fed) has implemented several quantitative easing (QE) programmes to stimulate the U.S. economy and increase the inflation rate after the great financial crisis (GFC) and the COVID-19 crisis. However, when the inflation rate started to increase steeply in 2021, the Fed instead begun to implement quantitative tapering (QT) to cool down the U.S. economy and bring back inflation to it target rate. This study seeks to estimate the effect of the QE and QT programmes on the U.S. equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) index returns, while controlling for several other important macro-financial factors. The estimations show that the QE programmes significantly contributed to a long period of positive REIT returns, while the recent 2022 QT efforts has contributed significantly to the recent period of negative REIT returns. We also find that the increases in the key macro-financial factors Baa Corporate Bond Yield ad the CBOE volatility index of the U.S. stock market (VIX) result in lower REIT returns, while increases in total bank equity capital of FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions contribute to positive REIT returns. We also find that the negative initial REIT return reaction to the COVID-19 outbreak was likely outperformed by the positive impacts of the large combined monetary (QE) and fiscal stimulus packages implemented after the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis.  The findings of this study show that REIT returns are highly sensitive to profound QE and QT programmes through important monetary transmission mechanisms channels such as the interest rate, asset price and risk-taking channels. This research supports REIT investors to understand how the Fed's monetary policy actions, particularly QE and QT programmes, impact the returns of the REIT index, and to adjust their investment strategies accordingly based on their expectations of future monetary policy actions and macro-financial conditions.

     

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  • 337.
    Axelsson, Birger
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Real Estate Economics and Finance.
    Univariate Forecasting for REITs with Deep Learning: A Comparative Analysis with an ARIMA ModelManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to investigate whether the newly developed deep learning-based algorithms, specifically Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), outperform traditional algorithms in forecasting Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) returns. The empirical analysis conducted in this research compares the forecasting performance of LSTM and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models using out-of-sample data. The results demonstrate that in general, the LSTM model does not exhibit superior performance over the ARIMA model for forecasting REIT returns. While the LSTM model showed some improvement over the ARIMA model for shorter forecast horizons, it did not demonstrate a significant advantage in the majority of forecast scenarios, including both recursive multi-step forecasts and rolling forecasts. The comparative evaluation reveals that neither the LSTM nor ARIMA model demonstrated satisfactory performance in predicting REIT returns out-of-sample for longer forecast horizons. This outcome aligns with the efficient market hypothesis, suggesting that REIT returns may exhibit a random walk behavior. While this observation does not exclude other potential factors contributing to the models' performance, it supports the notion of the presence of market efficiency in the REIT sector. The error rates obtained by both models were comparable, indicating the absence of a significant advantage for LSTM over ARIMA, as well as the challenges in accurately predicting REIT returns using these approaches. These findings emphasize the need for careful consideration when employing advanced deep learning techniques, such as LSTM, in the context of REIT return forecasting and financial time series. While LSTM has shown promise in various domains, its performance in the context of financial time series forecasting, particularly with a univariate regression approach using daily data, may be influenced by multiple factors. Potential reasons for the observed limitations of our LSTM model, within this specific framework, include the presence of significant noise in the daily data and the suitability of the LSTM model for financial time series compared to other problem domains. However, it is important to acknowledge that there could be additional factors that impact the performance of LSTM models in financial time series forecasting, warranting further investigation and exploration. This research contributes to the understanding of the applicability of deep learning algorithms in the context of REIT return forecasting and encourages further exploration of alternative methodologies for improved forecasting accuracy in this domain. 

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  • 338.
    Aydede, Cem
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
    Turkoglu, Tunca
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Marketing and Entrepreneurship.
    How to utilize a value-based pricing strategy in service contracts: A descriptive case study of how a Swedish pricing consultancy company optimizes pricing of services for its customers2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This paper’s aim is to analyze value-based pricing strategies in service contracts and how they help companies generate sustainable advantages. Scoop of the analysis will be service contracts in manufacturing industry. A service contract could be defined as an intangible value proposition that includes but not limited to maintaining client’s machines continuously for a negotiated amount of time.

    By working with a Swedish pricing consultancy firm Navetti AB, a descriptive research was conducted in an effort to answer the research question: “How to utilize a value-based pricing strategy in service contracts?”. By trying to answer this question, authors of this paper wanted to contribute to the developing framework of value-based pricing phenomena.

    Results of this study indicates that certain steps need to be followed by service providers in manufacturing industry in order to utilize a value-based pricing strategy. Obscure perceived value of customers need to be realized and their value drivers need to be extracted, quantified and analyzed.

    Findings of this study have implications both in theoretical and industrial perspective. From industrial aspect, service providers need to communicate with their customers deeply and analyze their value drivers, they also need to take cost-based and competition-based pricing strategies into consideration while utilizing a value-based pricing strategy. From the theoretical perspective this study contributes to the field of pricing and price optimization part of industrial management. 

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  • 339.
    Azasu, Samuel
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Incentive Plans and Real Estate Firms: A Literature Review2010Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
  • 340.
    Azasu, Samuel
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management, Building and Real Estate Economics.
    Reward Management in Swedish Real Estate Firms: Five essays2011Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
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  • 341.
    Baalsrud Hauge, Jannicke
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM). Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
    Forcolin, M.
    Haase, F.
    Meyer-Larsen, N.
    Thoben, K. -D
    Development of a framework and an online tool for measuring the innovation capabilities among small companies in the logistics and transport industry2016In: 2016 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation/IEEE lnternational Technology Management Conference, ICE/ITMC 2016 - Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents an online tool developed in order to support the undertaking among small and medium sized enterprises in measuring and monitoring their innovation capabilities. The tool is based on a framework which can be seen as an adaption of the existing Innovation Scoreboard, an instrument used by the European commission in order to measure the innovation among its member states. This framework has been adapted to better fit the needs of the SMEs in logistics and transport. It is a part of a set of actions and tools developed within an European project. 

  • 342.
    Baalsrud Hauge, Jannicke
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Production engineering, Advanced Maintenance and Production Logistics. Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik GmbH an der Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
    Kalverkamp, Matthias
    Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, 65183, Wiesbaden, Germany.
    Report on Integrating a COTS Game in Teaching Production and Logistics2023In: Advances in Production Management Systems. Production Management Systems for Responsible Manufacturing, Service, and Logistics Futures - IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2023, Proceedings, Springer Nature , 2023, p. 433-445Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The experiential learning principle has a long tradition in engineering education. Within production & supply chain management as well as logistics, a primarily learning goal is connected to the complexity of decision making and how the same decision may impact differently depending on the context. Such decisions are complex and difficult to understand, and serious games have proven to contribute to this understanding. Many of the games used for teaching the relevant topics are typically applied in a workshop setting and are often been specifically made for a specific course. However, not all educational institutions have the possibility to develop tailored games since the development requires multi-disciplinary knowledge, are costly and time consuming. The usage of commercial off-the-shelf games might be a solution. We know from existing work that this requires that the game can be modded or adapted to fit the intended learning outcomes in the course it may be used. This article takes previous work on the integration of commercial off-the-shelf games into logistics, engineering and supply management education one step further, and reports on the first results of full implementation.

  • 343.
    Bach, Claire Marie Valérie
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies.
    Planning an academic cluster to achieve social inclusion – is it possible?: An exploration about young residents’ perceptions of Paris-Saclay, France2022Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The development of a mega project in relation with its local proximity is a major challenge in urban planning. This study explores young residents’ perceptions of Paris-Saclay, France, an academic mega cluster in the south of Paris. The intent is to understand the role an academic mega project can play in the reduction of social inequalities at a local scale, among young residents. Research about mega projects and academic clusters in relation to the local environment is a growing research field in planning research. To explore young residents’ perceptions is however an underexplored issue, but of high relevance considering that young French people face growing inequalities reflected in the urban fabric. An empirical study has been carried out to explore young people’s perceptions and attitudes towards the project by conducting focus group discussions in high schools inside and nearby the area of the academic cluster. The results show that the geographical proximity does not influence the respondents’ perceived connection to the academic cluster to a greater extent, rather, it is the respondents’ personal social relations that are the key point to create a sense of connection to the academic cluster. Future planning actions may be oriented towards improving the communication of the project and to offer various networks between the academic cluster and the young population. Such initiatives will not "solve" social segregation but are seen as measures to improve the situation for young residents within the planner's responsibilities.

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  • 344.
    Back, Anna
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Hedblom, Jenny
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.).
    Cooperative Platforms for Improved Environmental Sustainability in Logistics2021Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores the overlapping of platform technology and cooperative processes in logistics and how this can be of interest to make the industry more environmentally sustainable. It examines the literature regarding platform technology, horizontal collaboration, and environmental sustainability in logistics. Data was collected through interviews with experts in the logistics industry, representatives from logistics companies and a software solutions provider, to obtain a nuanced image from the industry. A framework was created to provide answers to how digital platforms can better be utilized for cooperation in logistics to improve environmental sustainability. In order to fulfill this, incentives and challenges for small- and medium-sized enterprises to cooperate through platform technology were identified. The incentives that were found were classified into driving and pushing. The driving incentives refer to evident benefits for small- and medium-sized enterprises of joining cooperative logistics platforms, while pushing incentives are based on external factors and current issues that potentially could be solved through a cooperative platform. The identified challenges to cooperating through digital platforms are related to cooperative processes, technology and digitalization, and environmental sustainability. These were analyzed from a systems perspective to understand how these affect the problem on several levels in the industry of logistics. Together, the incentives and challenges form the final framework and illustrate how platforms for cooperation can be realized in the logistics industry.

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  • 345.
    BACK, WILHELM
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    THULIN, JOHAN
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    Investeringar i Innovationsverksamhet: Utveckling av mätsystem för bedömningar av rigginvesteringar2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The R&D department is a necessity for manufacturing companies in the creation of competitiveness and to gain knowledge for developing new products. Investments in R&D are there for very important and it is also vital to assess whether the investment proposal has a value for the company. It is often difficult to see the direct effects of an investment when the investment is done at an early stage in the value chain and the issues around the investment and the added value to the organization as a whole may remain unanswered.

    This study was conducted to examine how the contextual conditions combined with the Performance Measurement System literature affects the design of the measurement system. This master thesis is performed at UTT, a part of Scania's R&D department that is responsible for the construction of the test beds. It is in these test beds tests are performed to measure and verify components or products. The tests have different characteristics and have a great variety, everything from trying new developed concept to verifying final test for a product

    that is supposed to go into production. UTT has requested a model that will stand as a decisions tool for test bed investments, where the decisions is made in an early stage and includes taking into account the added value for R&D as a whole. A case study has been conducted by the authors in accordance with the theories revolving Performance

    Measurement Systems and the focus has been on examining the specific context that the R&D department at Scania provides. The reasoning of the report and the result and analysis buildup is based on three research questions that take on the contextual problems, together with the Performance Measurement System theories, creating a tool for UTT that helps them evaluate test bed investments in an early stage.

  • 346.
    BACKELIN, DIANA
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    Improving KM strategies in SMEs: A case study of a medium-sized Swedish consultancy firm2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This research covers an analysis of the Swedish consulting firm Centigo. This is a continuously growing medium-sized company where one of the challenges has been to understand how and when to improve and update their working methods and knowledge sources in order to stay competitive. After a few years of fast growth the point where change is needed has been coming closer. Parameters such as company size, choice of strategy, company core values and existing sources of knowledge have been taken into account, and the aim has been for the company to continue the delivery of profitable and well-conducted projects to its customers.

    The study has been carried out by looking closely at the company’s knowledge management system (KMS) in general, and knowledge sharing between projects in particular. Empirical data has been gathered through both interviews as well as a questionnaire; in an attempt to answer how smaller knowledge intensive firms, the chosen subset of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) manage and reuse their knowledge. In addition, main areas of improvement are discussed together with suggestions on possible development of the existing KMS.

    The results show that, as an enterprise becomes larger, demands on codification increase. Today, in the research company, employees rely almost exclusively on the personalization strategy based on face-toface communication rather than on codification. A balance between the two strategies is a requirement to stay competitive and should fit the organization when it comes to culture, firm size, values and the degree of similarities between projects.

    Moreover, demands on better structural capital as exemplified by frequently used document templates and enhanced working processes have been found to be two of the areas of improvement. Junior consultants were found to support this point to a larger degree, whereas managers and other more experienced consultants were more content with the way things were managed. This phenomenon is likely to derive of; to what extent the employees know “who knows what”. As such, this is one of the weaknesses with the existing KMS, and a feature to further develop for the system to better support its intended purpose.

    The contribution of this case study to the existing body of knowledge and KM theories fills a knowledge gap, since most studies are made on larger companies in other fields and focuses on detailed methods and means of codification. In addition, many studies are made on American companies with a larger focus on IT rather than management itself. Delimitations of this study include smaller management consultancy firms in Sweden and do not cover larger or foreign companies as many factors differ and consequently affect both the KM strategy and KMS.

  • 347.
    BACKLUND, LISA
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    BERGSTRÖM, MARIA
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Industrial Management.
    Development of a categorization modelwith strategic actions for theSupplier Base Tail2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Strategic Sourcing has gained great importance over the last few decades and during this era researchers have presented several theories and methods within the area. For instance, Purchasing Portfolio Management including analyzing the purchasing portfolio and egmenting suppliers are common in order to find and direct suitable strategies towards different groups of suppliers with similar characteristics. Until now Strategic Sourcing has focused on handling the top 20 % of the suppliers, although an upcoming trend is to focus on the remaining 80 % of the suppliers. The phenomenon is called Tail Spend Management and the aim is to achieve lower administrative costs, lower prices and increased efficiency etc. To use traditional categorization models in order to manage this part of the supplier base (the Supplier Base Tail) is improper partly because the models focus on top suppliers. They also provide actions that are too costly and time consuming to use for managing Tail Spend. Further, the categorization criteria for traditional models do not correspond to the characteristics of Tail Spend. The purpose of the study is thus to develop a categorization model with corresponding strategic actions for the Supplier Base Tail. The model is based on traditional categorization frameworks. By a case study including qualitative interviews and quantitative data, causes to Tail Spend were found, which were linked to Tail Spend categories found in modern theories. The categories were fit into the categorization framework and corresponding strategic actions were also developed from the theoretical framework and complementary interviews. The study aims to contribute to theory by extending earlier research about Purchasing Portfolio Management in order to be applicable for Tail Spend. The empirical contribution lies in the developed categorization model that aims to manage the  upplier Base Tail and address the causes to Tail Spend found in the unit under study.

  • 348. Backman, Mikaela
    et al.
    Palmberg, Johanna
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, CESIS.
    Contextualizing small family firms: How does the urban-rural context affect firm employment growth?2015In: The Journal of Family Business Strategy, ISSN 1877-8585, E-ISSN 1877-8593, Vol. 6, no 4, p. 247-258Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper studies the effects of family governance and ownership on firm employment growth, extending existing knowledge by including in the analysis the regional context in which firms are located. We create a regional taxonomy to capture the urban-rural dimension and combine this with the corporate governance structure of the firm. Our results show that, being a family firm per se does not influence employment growth. However, when corporate governance structure and regional context are combined, the urban-rural context influences family firm and nonfamily firm employment growth differently, with family firms exhibiting greater employment growth, compared with nonfamily firms, in rural areas.

  • 349.
    Backteman, Richard
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Sustainability, Industrial Dynamics & Entrepreneurship.
    Capturing the Tacit: Knowledge Sharing via ICT in Industrial ServicesManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper explores knowledge sharing using ICT in firms offering highly industrialized manual services based on standardized routines to B2B customers. Theoretically, socialization is the generally recognized way of sharing tacit knowledge, but technological advancements are changing the outlook on this. Our study builds on qualitative data from two Scandinavian service firms: the first one involved in facility management and the other one in power and telecom maintenance. These services are characterized by a high degree of somatic tacit knowledge, relating to motor skills, which puts specific demands on knowledge sharing where ICT plays an important role. Our paper underlines that: (1) in addition to apprenticeship, ICT can act as a way of knowledge sharing similar to socialization; (2) relatedly, it becomes necessary to differentiate between different types of tacit knowledge; and (3) that knowledge as a digital artefact overcomes the difficulty of sharing tacit knowledge in large, geographically dispersed firms. The paper’s contribution provides a new perspective on ICT and tacit knowledge by empirically exploring how ICT can help transfer tacit, and strategically important, knowledge, and thereby provide opportunities and a systematic complement to socialization in firms.

  • 350.
    Backteman, Richard
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Industrial Economics and Management (Dept.), Sustainability, Industrial Dynamics & Entrepreneurship.
    Industrialization of Services: Technology and Routinization in the 21st Century2022Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden has a long tradition of process improvements, productivity increments, waste reduction in manufacturing, continuing a mode of industrialization that helped achieve prosperity. With growing urban centers, mechanization of agriculture, outsourcings by manufacturing and the public sector with subsequent acquisitions, large service firms have appeared in an ever-growing service sector. Some firms with a previously simple operation have become employers of hundreds of thousands of people in what can be described as a Nordic phenomenon in its origin when looking at the roots of the largest firms.

    With this development in mind, the aim of the thesis is to explore the factors that can be found in the case study of industrialization of services in Nordic based firms. Using an abductive approach and mixed methods, the theoretical focus has been on the organization, routines, and knowledge. The data used in this thesis originates from three embedded contexts ranging from power and telecom infrastructural services, facility management, and a payment service provider. Summarily, the research questions touch upon (1) tacit knowledge and its transfer; (2) technology adoption; and (3) the grander implications of technology and industrialization in services.

    The thesis has four main contributions. First, the first paper provides a unique empirical insight into firms that rarely see any academic attention, a domain dominated by craftmanship to some degree, and with that an environment saturated with tacit knowledge. Secondly, the results indicate that while tacit knowledge is a significant part of service firms, recent technological advancement can overcome difficulties of transferring certain somatic aspects it. Capturing tacit knowledge digitally and transforming it into rich data, turns it into a crystallized artifact that is separated from time and space. High bandwidth enables the transfer of these crystallized artifacts of rich data, to any place, at any time. Thirdly, looking at the adoption of automation technology in various firms, it becomes clear that firm leadership has the pivotal role when it comes to technology adoption in contrast to the user. Depending on firm characteristics the readiness varies. Furthermore, technology itself may provide more opportunities than it originally intended. However, there are further dimensions that come into play such as network effects. Finally, the thesis can summate that technology has an incredible importance in industrializing services, but also posits that it may change the concept of what services truly are.

    For practitioners it is important to appreciate that technology has an increasingly important role in Services. Service firms that are geographically dispersed, or plan to become so via growth, do not necessarily need to be constrained in terms of knowledge transfer. However, adoption of technology requires a deliberate strategy from an enabling and proactive senior leadership.

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