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  • 351. Avazkonandeh-Gharavol, M. H.
    et al.
    Haddad-Sabzevar, M.
    Fredriksson, Hasse
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Analysis of phase diagram and diffusion coefficient for modeling of microsegregation2017Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science, ISSN 0022-2461, E-ISSN 1573-4803, Vol. 52, nr 3, s. 1446-1460Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermodynamic description of phase diagram and diffusion data are required to model microsegregation during solidification of metallic alloys. Knowledge about non-equilibrium phase diagrams is essential for modeling of microsegregation in practical situations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to theoretically analyze phase diagram and diffusion data for calculation of microsegregation. For this purpose, aluminum-rich part of the Al-Cu phase diagram was recalculated under non-equilibrium conditions. Effect of excess vacancies formed during solidification was considered on both the phase diagram and diffusion coefficient. The results show that by modifying the phase diagram, the calculated results have better consistency with the experimental results, but there is still room for improvement. When the effect of excess vacancies on diffusion coefficient is considered, the modeling results show a much better correlation with the experimental results. The origin of discrepancies between the calculations and experiments are deeply discussed using current theories in solidification.

  • 352. Avazkonandeh-Gharavol, M. H.
    et al.
    Haddad-Sabzevar, M.
    Fredriksson, Hasse
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Metallernas gjutning.
    Effect of partition coefficient on microsegregation during solidification of aluminium alloys2014Ingår i: International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, ISSN 1674-4799, E-ISSN 1869-103X, Vol. 21, nr 10, s. 980-989Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In the modeling of microsegregation, the partition coefficient is usually calculated using data from the equilibrium phase diagrams. The aim of this study was to experimentally and theoretically analyze the partition coefficient in binary aluminum-copper alloys. The samples were analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), which were melted and quenched from different temperatures during solidification. The mass fraction and composition of phases were measured by image processing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) unit. These data were used to calculate as the experimental partition coefficients with four different methods. The experimental and equilibrium partition coefficients were used to model the concentration profile in the primary phase. The modeling results show that the profiles calculated by the experimental partition coefficients are more consistent with the experimental profiles, compared to those calculated using the equilibrium partition coefficients.

  • 353. Avazkonandeh-Gharavol, M. H.
    et al.
    Haddad-Sabzevar, M.
    Fredriksson, Hasse
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Experimental analysis of partition coefficient in Al-Mg alloys2016Ingår i: Iranian Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, ISSN 1735-0808, Vol. 13, nr 2, s. 62-72Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Because the partition coefficient is one of the most important parameters affecting microsegregation, the aim of this research is to experimentally analyse the partition coefficient in Al-Mg alloys. In order to experimentally measure the partition coefficient, a series of quenching experiments during solidification were carried out. For this purpose binary Al-Mg alloys containing 6.7 and 10.2 wt-% Mg were melted and solidified in a DTA furnace capable of quenching samples during solidification. Cooling rates of 0.5 and 5 KJmin were used and samples were quenched from predetermined temperatures during solidification. The fractions and compositions of the phases were measured by quantitative metallography and SEM/EDX analyses, respectively. These results were used to measure the experimental partition coefficients. The resultant partition coefficients were used to model the concentration profile in the primary phase and the results were compared with equilibrium calculations and experimental profiles. The results of calculations based on the experimental partition coefficients show better consistency with experimental concentration profiles than the equilibrium calculations.

  • 354. Avazkonandeh-Gharavol, M. H.
    et al.
    Haddad-Sabzevar, M.
    Fredriksson, Hasse
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Metallernas gjutning.
    On the microsegregation of Al-Mg alloys by thermal analysis and numerical modeling2014Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, ISSN 0925-8388, E-ISSN 1873-4669, Vol. 610, s. 462-471Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Knowledge about solid fraction versus temperature during solidification is crucial for the control of solidification processes. In the present paper solidification sequence and path of Al-Mg binary alloys containing 6.7 and 10.2 wt.% Mg was investigated by a series of DTA and quenching experiments and numerical modeling in 0.5 and 5 K min(-1) cooling rates. Experimental results show that at both cooling rates, Al-6.7 wt.% Mg solidifies with a single phase structure, but Al-10.2 wt.% Mg solidifies with a two phase structure. According to the results of numerical modeling, good agreement between calculated solidification curves and experimental solid fractions, but poor correlation with concentration profiles. The source of discrepancies is discussed according to different theories of microsegregation.

  • 355.
    Axelsson, Gary
    KTH. Skanska Teknik AB, Stockholm.
    Set-up of driven piles in sand - The effect of constrained dilatancy during loading2018Ingår i: ISRM International Symposium 2000, IS 2000, International Society for Rock Mechanics , 2018Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The increase in bearing capacity over time (i.e. set-up) of driven piles in non-cohesive soils is often substantial. However, the basic mechanisms behind the phenomenon are still not fully understood. In order to investigate the mechanisms related to set-up a comprehensive field test was performed involving a full-scale driven pile. The pile was instrumented with earth pressure cells and piezometers on the shaft, as well as a pressure cell at the pile toe. The pile was static load tested at different points in time during a period of almost two years. During the whole time period the long-term increase in the horizontal stress, due to stress relaxation, was monitored. However, during the actual loading of the pile a large increase in horizontal stress on the shaft was observed, as a result of confined dilatancy. The results showed that this mechanism had a major influence on the pile capacity and was clearly time-dependent. Furthermore, it was concluded that it was the predominant cause behind the observed set-up. The results provide a valuable insight into how piles behave during loading, as well as clarifying the basic mechanisms involved during set-up.

  • 356.
    Axelsson, Patrik
    et al.
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Pappers- och massateknik.
    Gellerstedt, Göran
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Pappers- och massateknik.
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Condensation reactions of lignin during birch Kraft pulping as studied by thioacidolysis2004Ingår i: Journal of Pulp and Paper Science (JPPS), ISSN 0826-6220, Vol. 30, nr 12, s. 317-322Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The influences of kappa number and ionic strength during birch kraft cooking on the extent of lignin condensation have been studied using thioacidolysis and size exclusion chromatography. Thioacidolysis degrades alkyl-aryl ether bonds in lignin while leaving carbon-carbon and diaryl-ether bonds relatively intact. Therefore, the lignin structures not cleaved during thioacidolysis can be considered as relatively stable and may account,, for example,for the slow residual phase delignification in the kraft cook and for differences in bleachability. It was shown that condensed lignin structures are formed in the residual lignin during birch kraft cooking. The relative amount of such structures increased with decreasing kappa number or with increasing sodium ion concentration in the cook. These structures were also found in a xylan-lignin complex isolated from a birch kraft pulp. The condensed structures were only partly reactive during oxygen delignification.

  • 357. Ayedh, H. M.
    et al.
    Bobal, V.
    Nipoti, R.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Integrerade komponenter och kretsar.
    Svensson, B. G.
    Formation and annihilation of carbon vacancies in 4H-SiC2016Ingår i: 16th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ICSCRM 2015, Trans Tech Publications, 2016, s. 331-336Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The carbon vacancy (VC) is a major point defect in high-purity 4H-SiC epitaxial layers limiting the minority charge carrier lifetime. In layers grown by chemical vapor deposition techniques, the VC concentration is typically in the range of 1012 cm-3 and after device processing at temperatures approaching 2000 °C, it can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. In the present contribution, we show that the cooling rate after high-temperature processing has a profound influence on the resulting VC concentration where a slow rate promotes elimination of VC. Further, isochronal annealing of as-grown and as-oxidized epi-layers protected by a carbon-cap was undertaken between 800 °C and 1600 °C. The results reveal that thermodynamic equilibrium of VC is established rather rapidly at moderate temperatures, reaching a VC concentration of only a few times 1011 cm-3 after 40 min at 1500 °C. Hence, the concept of eliminating VC’s by annealing at moderate temperatures under C-rich equilibrium conditions shows great promise and enables reannealing of high-temperature processed wafers, in contrast to the procedures commonly used today to eliminate VC. In-diffusion of carbon interstitials and out-diffusion of VC’s are discussed as the kinetics processes establishing the thermodynamic equilibrium.

  • 358. Ayedh, H. M.
    et al.
    Iwamoto, N.
    Nipoti, R.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Elektronik, Integrerade komponenter och kretsar.
    Svensson, B. G.
    Formation of D-Center in p-type 4H-SiC epi-layers during high temperature treatments2017Ingår i: 11th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ECSCRM 2016, Trans Tech Publications Inc., 2017, Vol. 897, s. 262-265Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The current work is devoted to studying the evolution of deep level defects in the lower half of the 4H-SiC bandgap after high temperature processing and ion implantation. Two as-grown and pre-oxidized 4H-SiC sets of samples have been thermally treated at temperatures up to 1950 °C for 10 min duration using RF inductive heating. Another set of as grown samples was implanted by 4.2 MeV Si ions at room temperature (RT) with different doses (1- 4×108 cm-2). The so-called “D-center” at EV+0.6 eV dominates and forms after the elevated heat treatments, while it shows no change after the ion implantations (EV denotes the valence band edge). In contrast, the concentration of the so-called HK4 level at EV+1.44 eV increases with the implantation dose, whereas it anneals out after heat treatment at ≥ 1700 °C.

  • 359. Ayedh, H. M.
    et al.
    Nipoti, R.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Integrerade komponenter och kretsar.
    Svensson, B. G.
    Controlling the carbon vacancy concentration in 4H-SiC subjected to high temperature treatment2016Ingår i: 16th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ICSCRM 2015, Trans Tech Publications, 2016, s. 414-417Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The carbon vacancy (VC) is the major charge carrier lifetime limiting-defect in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers and it is readily formed during elevated heat treatments. Here we describe two ways for controlling the VC concentration in 4H-SiC epi-layer using different annealing procedures. One set of samples was subjected to high temperature processing at 1950 °C for 3 min, but then different cooling rates were applied. A significant reduction of the VC concentration was demonstrated by the slow cooling rate. In addition, elimination of the VC’s was also established by annealing a sample, containing high VC concentration, at 1500 °C for a sufficiently long time. Both procedures clearly demonstrate the need for maintaining thermodynamic equilibrium during cooling.

  • 360.
    Ayedh, H. M.
    et al.
    Norway.
    Nipoti, R.
    Italy.
    Hallén, Anders
    KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), Elektroteknik, Elektronik och inbyggda system, Integrerade komponenter och kretsar.
    Svensson, B. G.
    Norway.
    Kinetics modeling of the carbon vacancy thermal equilibration in 4H-SiC2018Ingår i: International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ICSCRM 2017, Trans Tech Publications, 2018, s. 233-236Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The carbon vacancy (VC) is a major limiting-defect of minority carrier lifetime in n-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers and it is readily formed during high temperature processing. In this study, a kinetics model is put forward to address the thermodynamic equilibration of VC, elucidating the possible atomistic mechanisms that control the VC equilibration under C-rich conditions. Frenkel pair generation, injection of carbon interstitials (Ci’s) from the C-rich surface, followed by recombination with VC’s, and diffusion of VC’s towards the surface appear to be the major mechanisms involved. The modelling results show a close agreement with experimental deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) depth profiles of VC after annealing at different temperatures.

  • 361. Aygul, Mustafa
    et al.
    Al-Emrani, Mohammad
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Farkost och flyg. Khalifa University of Science Research and Technology, United Arab Emirates.
    Leander, John
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Byggvetenskap, Bro- och stålbyggnad.
    An investigation of distortion-induced fatigue cracking under variable amplitude loading using 3D crack propagation analysis2014Ingår i: Engineering Failure Analysis, ISSN 1350-6307, E-ISSN 1873-1961, Vol. 45, s. 151-163Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The distortion-induced fatigue cracks in the welded details of the Soderstrom Bridge are analytically and numerically investigated by performing 3D crack propagation analyses with variable amplitude fatigue loading. In the crack propagation analyses, the effects of bridge loading are defined on the basis of the field measurements in order to simulate crack growth and predict the residual fatigue life of the studied detail as accurately as possible. The effect of crack closure and crack direction while considering the most common criteria is also studied. The results are compared with those obtained from the crack propagation analyses with constant amplitude fatigue loading presented in Ayg l et al. [1]. The results of the crack growth simulations with variable amplitude fatigue loading have generally shown good agreement with the real crack formation and reveal that the crack growth rates are different in different directions. The crack behaviour in the damaged detail is mainly controlled by the loading and geometrical arrangement of the detail components. There is generally a significant difference between constant and variable amplitude fatigue crack growth analyses and the variable amplitude fatigue crack growth analyses yield more conservative results. The main reason for this difference is the bridge loading and the number of stress cycles defined in the analyses. The crack direction criteria studied in this investigation showed basically the same crack formation and crack growth rate.

  • 362. Aygül, M.
    et al.
    Al-Emrani, M.
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Farkost och flyg, Lättkonstruktioner.
    Leander, John
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Byggvetenskap, Bro- och stålbyggnad.
    Investigation of distortion-induced fatigue cracked welded details using 3D crack propagation analysis2014Ingår i: International Journal of Fatigue, ISSN 0142-1123, E-ISSN 1879-3452, Vol. 64, s. 54-66Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The behaviour of distortion-induced fatigue cracks in welded details in an existing bridge was studied analytically by performing crack propagation analysis based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. The real load history of the bridge was obtained from strain measurements. These loads were utilised to examine the crack growth rate and the residual service life of the cracked detail. Moreover, the effectiveness, accuracy and applicability of the crack propagation analysis on bridge structures were investigated by simulating a complex case of fatigue cracking using several crack propagation analyses. The results of the analyses revealed that the fatigue crack in the studied details had significantly different crack growth characteristics in different directions. In the thickness direction, for instance, the crack was seen to propagate at a certain rate, which increased with the propagated crack from the beginning and, as expected, the crack propagation rate decreased when the crack grew longer. The crack was subsequently arrested half way through the thickness of the plate. In the longitudinal direction, the crack was not, however, arrested in the same way as in the thickness direction and it continued to propagate at a reduced yet constant crack growth rate. The results also revealed that, even though distortion-induced fatigue cracking was usually caused by a mixed-mode condition (i.e. a combination of modes I, II and III), the governing propagation mode is still mode I. Furthermore, it was also observed that the contribution of modes II and III to crack propagation was very little and dependent on the location of the propagated crack front, as well as the geometrical configuration of the cross-beam.

  • 363.
    Aytekin, Kasim
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Characterization of machinability in lead-free brass alloys2018Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Ny lagstiftning har lagt fokus på den tociska naturen av bly som legeringselement I mässingsprodukter. Vattenförsörjningssystem är av största oro där misstänkt blyläckage från mässingsprodukter hotar människors hälsa, världen över.

    Denna studie har utförts i syfte att karaktärisera bearbetbarheten av blyfria mässingslegeringar för att förse industrin med nödvändig information och underlätta att ersätta dagens blyade alternativ. Karaktäriseringen har fokuserat på två specifika bearbetningsprocesser, nämligen svarvning och borrning där intresset har legat hos skärkraftsgenerering och spånbildning. Svarvtesterna riktade sig mot att jämföra tre olika legeringar, CW511L, AquaNordicÒ och CW625N. De två förstnämnda är blyfria och CW625N är en medelblyhaltig mässingslegering. Borrtesterna riktade sig mot att karaktärisera vilken effekt borrgeometrier har på skärkraftsgenerering och spånbildning. Huvudfokus lades på inverkan av spånvinkel och borrdiameter. Borrtesterna utfördes endast på AquaNordicÒ.

    Resultaten har visat att, signifikant högre skärkrafter genereras vid svarvning av blyfria legeringar jämfört med blyfria. Det fanns emellertid ingen signifikant skillnad mellan de båda blyfria legeringarna avseende skärkrafter, medan spånbildning förbättrades för AquaNordicÒ . Borrtesterna har å andra sidan visat att bearbetningen hos den blyfria AquaNordicÒ -legeringen kan förbättras genom att öka på spånvinkeln och minska borrdiameter.

    Baserat på resultaten från det här avhandlingsarbetet har man dragit slutsatsen att bearbetningen av blyfria mässingslegeringar är tillräckligt bra för att kunna antas av industrin. Förbättring är dock nödvändig för att ersätta de blyeade alternativen helt.

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    Master Thesis Work
  • 364.
    Azizi Samir, M. A. S.
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Farkost och flyg, Lättkonstruktioner.
    Alloin, F.
    Dufresne, A.
    High performance nanocomposite polymer electrolytes2006Ingår i: Composite interfaces (Print), ISSN 0927-6440, E-ISSN 1568-5543, Vol. 13, nr 4-6, s. 545-559Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Solid lithium-conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on poly(oxyethylene) (POE) were prepared using high aspect ratio cellulosic whiskers and lithium imide salt, LiTFSI. The cellulosic whiskers were extracted from tunicate - a sea animal - and consisted of slender parallelepiped rods that have an average length around 1 μm and a width close to 15 nm. High performance nanocomposite electrolytes were obtained. The filler provided a high reinforcing effect, despite the favorable cellulose/POE interactions that were expected to decrease the possibility of interwhisker connection and formation of a percolating cellulosic network, while a high level of ionic conductivity was retained with respect to unfilled polymer electrolytes. Cross-linking and plasticizing of the matrix as well as preparation of the composites from an organic medium were also investigated.

  • 365. Babonas, G. J.
    et al.
    Reza, A.
    Simkiene, I.
    Sabataityte, J.
    Baran, M.
    Szymczak, R.
    Karlsson, Ulf O.
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Materialfysik, Materialfysik, MF.
    Suchodolski, Arturas
    KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), Materialfysik, Materialfysik, MF.
    Optical properties of Fe-doped silica films on Si2006Ingår i: Applied Surface Science, ISSN 0169-4332, E-ISSN 1873-5584, Vol. 252, nr 15, s. 5391-5394Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Optical properties of Fe-doped silica films on Si were investigated by ellipsometric technique in the region 1-5 eV. Samples were produced by sol-gel method. Precursors were prepared by mixing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) solution in ethanol and water with aqueous solution of Fe-chloride or Fe-acetate. The coating solution was deposited on Si substrates by spin on technique. The size of Fe-containing nanometric-sized particles depended on technology and varied from 20 to 100 nm. Optical response of complex hybrid samples SiO2:Fe/Si was interpreted in a multi-layer model. In the inverse problem, the Maxwell equations were solved by transfer matrix technique. Dielectric function of Fe-doped silica layers was calculated in the model of effective media. Analysis of optical data has shown that various Fe-oxides formed. Experimental data for films obtained from precursors with Fe-acetate and annealed in hydrogen were well described by the model calculations taking into account a small contribution 1-5% of metal Fe imbedded in silica. The Fe/Fe-O contribution to optical response increased for samples grown from FeCl3-precursor. Ellipsometric data for Fe-doped silica films on Si were interpreted taking into account the structural AFM studies as well as the results of magnetic measurements.

  • 366.
    Babu, Karthik
    et al.
    Ctr Polymer Composites & Nat Fiber Res, Chennai 625005, Tamil Nadu, India..
    Rendén, Gabriella
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material.
    Mensah, Rhoda Afriyie
    Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China..
    Kim, Nam Kyeun
    Univ Auckland, Ctr Adv Composite Mat, Dept Mech Engn, Auckland 1142, New Zealand..
    Jiang, Lin
    Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China..
    Xu, Qiang
    Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China..
    Restas, Agoston
    Natl Univ Publ Serv, Dept Fire Protect & Rescue Control, H-1011 Budapest, Hungary..
    Neisiany, Rasoul Esmaeely
    Hakim Sabzevari Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Mat & Polymer Engn, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran..
    Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi, Polymera material.
    Forsth, Michael
    Luleå Univ Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Nat Resources Engn, Struct & Fire Engn Div, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden..
    Bystrom, Alexandra
    Luleå Univ Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Nat Resources Engn, Struct & Fire Engn Div, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden..
    Das, Oisik
    Luleå Univ Technol, Dept Engn Sci & Math, S-97187 Luleå, Sweden..
    A Review on the Flammability Properties of Carbon-Based Polymeric Composites: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends2020Ingår i: Polymers, E-ISSN 2073-4360, Vol. 12, nr 7, s. 1518-Artikel, forskningsöversikt (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Carbon based fillers have attracted a great deal of interest in polymer composites because of their ability to beneficially alter properties at low filler concentration, good interfacial bonding with polymer, availability in different forms, etc. The property alteration of polymer composites makes them versatile for applications in various fields, such as constructions, microelectronics, biomedical, and so on. Devastations due to building fire stress the importance of flame-retardant polymer composites, since they are directly related to human life conservation and safety. Thus, in this review, the significance of carbon-based flame-retardants for polymers is introduced. The effects of a wide variety of carbon-based material addition (such as fullerene, CNTs, graphene, graphite, and so on) on reaction-to-fire of the polymer composites are reviewed and the focus is dedicated to biochar-based reinforcements for use in flame retardant polymer composites. Additionally, the most widely used flammability measuring techniques for polymeric composites are presented. Finally, the key factors and different methods that are used for property enhancement are concluded and the scope for future work is discussed.

  • 367.
    Babu, Prasath
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
    Vamsi, K. V.
    Karthikeyan, S.
    On the formation and stability of precipitate phases in a near lamellar γ-TiAl based alloy during creep2018Ingår i: Intermetallics (Barking), ISSN 0966-9795, E-ISSN 1879-0216, Vol. 98, s. 115-125Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The formation, evolution and stability of metastable phases observed in the γ-TiAl based alloy Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb was studied under creep deformation with stress applied at two different hard orientations in a highly textured as-cast + HIPed material. Previously we have reported that the metastable phase Ti(Al,Cr)2 with C14 Laves phase structure forms at the γ-α2 interface which acts as sink for the alloying elements ejected from the dissolving α2 phase and also expected to effectively control the interface stresses through short range diffusion and modifications in the chemical composition [1]. Ab initio density functional theory based calculations were carried out to evaluate the effect of choice of lattice position and site occupancy of aluminium atoms in the Ti(Al,Cr)2 structure on the lattice parameter variation and thermodynamic stability. C14 with the composition 25 at. % Al was found to have lattice parameter values close to the inter-planar spacing of <110>γ and <10-10>α2 which would have a lower misfit with C14 across the interface. From the cohesive energy calculations, Laves phase C14 with a constrained lattice parameter due to the adjoining phases, exhibits higher stability than the B2 and L10 structures across a range of compositions studied. Electron diffraction simulations of C14 with a composition of 25% Al compared with the experimental data suggest that the structure C14 has taken up either a random site occupancy compared to a specific choice of ordering to minimize the interfacial stress. Though the experimental evidences do not strongly support a long-range ordering theory in C14, short-range ordering could be a tangible choice for alleviating interface misfits. The ability of C14 to assume different lattice parameters at and far from the α2-γ interface also suggest that the C14 acts as buffer layer between α2 and γ phases in the presence of local stresses, although this is not the thermodynamically expected phase at the temperature of creep experiment.

  • 368.
    Back, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Grevarp, Saga
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Pollet, Arthur
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Magnetic properties of a martensitic stainless steel powder: Investigation of magnetic properties for a metallic powder with different sizes and its possible correlation to flow properties2023Självständigt arbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen), 10 poäng / 15 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    För metallpulver är flödesegenskaper viktigt. Om pulvret inte rör sig ordentligt kan det resultera i problem vid den slutgiltiga produkten vid additiv tillverkning. Vissa av produkterna som skapas med denna tillverkningsmetod är komplexa och används till viktiga ändamål såsom vid medicinska verktyg och till flygindustrin. På grund av detta är det viktigt att flödesegenskaperna är bra och konsekventa.

    De magnetiska egenskaperna hos metalliskt pulver kan påverka flödesegenskaperna. Hur denna relation kan te sig undersöks i denna studie. De magnetiska egenskaperna mäts i en Vibrating Sample Magnetometer, där det är lätt att se ett materials susceptibilitet, koercivitet, demagnetiseringsfaktor och mättnadsmagnetisering. Pulvrets flödesegenskaper mäts i en rheometer som visar den totala energi som krävs för att flytta pulvret. En ytterligare aspekt som tas hänsyn till är storleken och sfäriciteten hos pulvret, vilket mäts med hjälp av ett partikelfördelningstest.

    Resultaten visar att koncentrationen av ett magnetiskt pulver inte verkar påverka de magnetiska egenskaperna men storleken på pulvret gör det. Flödesegenskaperna visar sig vara bättre för större pulver och magnetiserat pulver verkar ha en något förbättrande effekt på flödet. Partikelfördelningstestet visade att mindre pulver är mer sfäriskt och har en mer precis storleksdistribution. För att tydligare kunna se en relation mellan flöde och magnetism skulle ytterligare studier behövas.

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  • 369. Backstrom, Marie
    et al.
    Jensen, Anna
    Brännvall, Elisabet
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Influence of chip presteaming conditions on kraft pulp composition and properties2016Ingår i: Holzforschung, ISSN 0018-3830, E-ISSN 1437-434X, Vol. 70, nr 5, s. 393-399Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Presteaming is a well-established technique in pulp mills, which improves cooking liquor impregnation by removing air from within and between chips. The aim of the study was to investigate how conditions during steaming affect the subsequent kraft cook and properties of the obtained pulp. It was found that higher pressure and temperature during chip presteaming led to increased degradation and dissolution of hemicelluloses. Lower refinability and tensile index was obtained for pulps cooked after presteaming at high pressure and for a long time.

  • 370.
    Badal Tejedor, Maria
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Kemi, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Nordgren, Niklas
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Schuleit, Michael
    Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland..
    Millqvist-Fureby, Anna
    RISE Res Inst Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Rutland, Mark W.
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Kemi, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap. RISE Res Inst Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden..
    AFM colloidal probe measurements implicate capillary condensation in punch-particle surface interactions during tableting2019Ingår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, ISSN 0065-7727, Vol. 257Artikel i tidskrift (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
  • 371. Badia, J. D.
    et al.
    Reig-Rodrigo, P.
    Teruel-Juanes, R.
    Kittikorn, Thorsak
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi. Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.
    Strömberg, Emma
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Ek, Monica
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Karlsson, Sigbritt
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Ribes-Greus, A.
    Effect of sisal and hydrothermal ageing on the dielectric behaviour of polylactide/sisal biocomposites2017Ingår i: Composites Science And Technology, ISSN 0266-3538, E-ISSN 1879-1050, Vol. 149, s. 1-10Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The dielectric properties of virgin polylactide (PLA) and its reinforced composites with different weight amounts of sisal fibres were assessed at broad temperature (from −130 °C to 130 °C) and frequency ranges (from 10−2–107 Hz), before and after being subjected to accelerated hydrothermal ageing. The synergetic effects of both the loading of sisal and hydrothermal ageing were analysed by means of dielectric relaxation spectra. The relaxation time functions were evaluated by the Havriliak-Negami model, substracting the ohmic contribution of conductivity. The intramolecular and intermolecular relaxations were respectively analysed by means of Arrhenius and Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann-Hesse thermal activation models. The addition of fibre increased the number of hydrogen bonds, which incremented the dielectric permittivity and mainly hindered the non-cooperative relaxations of the biocomposites by increasing the activation energy. Hydrothermal ageing enhanced the formation of the crystalline phase at the so-called transcrystalline region along sisal. This fact hindered the movement of the amorphous PLA fraction, and consequently decreased the dielectric permittivity and increased the dynamic fragility.

  • 372.
    Bagampadde, Umaru
    et al.
    Makerere University, Kampala.
    Karlsson, R.
    KTH.
    Laboratory studies on stripping at bitumen/substrate interfaces using FTIR-ATR2007Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science, ISSN 0022-2461, E-ISSN 1573-4803, Vol. 42, nr 9, s. 3197-3206Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A technique based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) was developed and used to study movement of water into bitumen/substrate interfaces, as well as to characterize stripping. Bitumens from different sources were used and applied on various substrates (silicon, germanium and zinc selenide) as thin films. The influence of bitumen type, substrate type, temperature, film thickness and modification with amines, on water damage was studied. The technique gave information on water flow into interfaces and how stripping possibly occurs. It distinguished between stripping and non-stripping bitumens. At least one of three processes occurred, namely water diffusion, film fracture, and bitumen displacement by water, respectively. The diffusion of water did not obey Fick's law. Stripping was influenced by bitumen source when silicon and germanium substrates were used. Notching the films made the process of water entry almost occur immediately. Additives significantly reduced stripping in the moisture-sensitive bitumen on silicon and germanium substrates, even after film notching. Although, good agreement was observed between tests for the bitumens that did not strip, the tests on stripping bitumens showed poor agreement.

  • 373.
    Bagheri, Mehdi
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Byggvetenskap, Jord- och bergmekanik.
    Stille, Håkan
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Byggvetenskap, Jord- och bergmekanik.
    Investigation of model uncertainty for block stability analysis2011Ingår i: International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, ISSN 0363-9061, E-ISSN 1096-9853, Vol. 35, nr 7, s. 824-836Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The application of probabilistic design, such as FORM, is expanding rapidly in the design of geotechnical structures. The analytical solution proposed by Crawford and Bray for analyzing block stability can be used as a performance function to carry out probabilistic design. The solution benefits from considering both clamping forces and joint stiffness. However, imperfect assumptions and simplifications in the solution generate model uncertainties. The amount of model uncertainty must be considered in order to assess a reliable design. The purpose of this paper is to identify when the analytical solution is applicable and quantify the model uncertainty of the solution. The amount of model uncertainty for the analytical solution has been assessed for different conditions. The results show that at a shallow depth with a low value of in situ stress ratio (horizontal stress/vertical stress), the analytical solution predicts that the block is stable whereas DEM shows that the block is unstable. The results of the analyses indicate that in cases with low stress ratio, cases with high anisotropy of joint stiffness or the case of a semiapical angle close to the friction angle, the accuracy of the analytical solution is low. Neglecting key parameters, such as the absolute value of joint shear and normal stiffness, vertical in situ stress and its influence on joint relaxation generate model uncertainty in the analytical solution. The analyses show that by having more information about the key parameters, the model uncertainty factor could be identified more precisely.

  • 374.
    Bagherpour-Torghabeh, Hamed
    et al.
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Sch Engn, Dept Met & Mat Sci, JomhooriEslami Blvd, Kerman, Iran..
    Raiszadeh, Ramin
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Sch Engn, Dept Met & Mat Sci, JomhooriEslami Blvd, Kerman, Iran..
    Doostmohammadi, Hamid
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Sch Engn, Dept Met & Mat Sci, JomhooriEslami Blvd, Kerman, Iran..
    Removal of Bifilms from Al Melts by Stirring in Unbaffled and Baffled Crucibles2018Ingår i: Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science, ISSN 1073-5615, E-ISSN 1543-1916, Vol. 49, nr 6, s. 3456-3469Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The free surface of aluminum melt, during stirring under different rotation speeds in unbaffled and baffled crucibles, was simulated numerically using a RANS turbulence model coupled with a particle-tracking method. The effect of mechanical stirring of Al melts containing 0.3, 0.7, and 4.5 wt pct Mg in unbaffled and baffled crucibles on the rate of elimination of bifilms from the melt was also investigated using a reduced pressure test. The results showed that the stirring increased the rate of removal of bifilms from the melt due to an increase in the rate of formation of cracks on the bifilms. Using baffles in the crucible accelerated the rate of removal of bifilms by changing the pattern of movement of bifilms in the melt. The critical stirring speeds, above which the oxide layer on the Al melt could submerge into the bulk liquid, were determined by the simulation. It was confirmed by the experimental results to be about 158 and 420 RPM for the unbaffled and baffled crucibles, respectively.

  • 375.
    Bagherpour-Torghabeh, Hamed
    et al.
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman 7616914111, Iran.;Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Mineral Ind Res Ctr, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman 7616914111, Iran..
    Raiszadeh, Ramin
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman 7616914111, Iran.;Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Mineral Ind Res Ctr, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman 7616914111, Iran.;Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Sch Engn, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman, Iran..
    Doostmohammadi, Hamid
    Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Dept Met & Mat Sci, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman 7616914111, Iran.;Shahid Bahonar Univ Kerman, Mineral Ind Res Ctr, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman 7616914111, Iran..
    Role of Mechanical Stirring of Al-Mg Melt in the Healing of Bifilm Defect2017Ingår i: Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science, ISSN 1073-5615, E-ISSN 1543-1916, Vol. 48, nr 6, s. 3174-3184Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of mechanical stirring of aluminum melts containing 0.3, 0.7, and 4.5 wt pct Mg with a graphite rotor with different rotation speeds of 85 and 220 RPM on the behavior of bifilms was investigated using a reduced pressure test. The results showed that the mechanical stirring at 85 RPM accelerated the healing of the bifilms by increasing the rate of formation of cracks on the bifilms and hence accelerated the consumption of their atmosphere and provided enough Mg for the transformation of the alumina layers of the bifilms to spinel. Mechanical stirring with a high speed of 220 RPM caused aspiration of the surface oxide into the melt to form new bifilms which counteracted the healing of the previously presented bifilms.

  • 376.
    Baghous, Nareg
    et al.
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Digital & Addit Mfg ADAM Ctr, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Engn, Dept Mech Engn, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Barsoum, Imad
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Teknisk mekanik. Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Digital & Addit Mfg ADAM Ctr, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Engn, Dept Mech Engn, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Abu Al-Rub, Rashid K.
    Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Adv Digital & Addit Mfg ADAM Ctr, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.;Khalifa Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Engn, Dept Mech Engn, POB 127788, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates..
    Generalized yield surface for sheet-based triply periodic minimal surface lattices2023Ingår i: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, ISSN 0020-7403, E-ISSN 1879-2162, Vol. 252, s. 108370-, artikel-id 108370Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), which are a class of architected cellular materials, have attracted significant attention lately, due to their prevailing mechanical, electrical and chemical properties, to name a few, and due to the advancements in additive manufacturing technologies that make it possible to print such mate-rials. However, simulating the elastic-plastic mechanical behavior of structural systems (e.g., beams, plates, cores of sandwich panels, structural systems with various levels of geometric complexity) that are latticed with thousands of TPMS lattices are computationally expensive to model explicitly, and hence the need to develop accurate yield surfaces in order to capture their plastic behavior in a homogenized approach. In this work, a generalized initial yield criterion is proposed for sheet-based TPMS lattices, which incorporates the Lode parameter L. The initial yielding of five different sheet-based TPMS lattices are investigated in five different loading conditions. These lattices are Schoen's I-WP (IWP-s), Gyroid (GYR-s), Diamond (DIA-s), F-RD (FRD-s) and Primitive (PRIM-s). The proposed yield criterion accurately predicts the initial yielding of all these lattices in all the loading conditions considered, outperforming other yield criteria currently proposed in literature.

  • 377.
    Baghsheikhi, Saeed
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Metallografi.
    Spinodal Decomposition in the Binary Fe-Cr System2009Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 30 poäng / 45 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Spinodal decomposition is a phase separation mechanism within the miscibility gap. Its importance in case of Fe-Cr system, the basis of the whole stainless steel family, stems from a phenomenon known as the “475oC embrittlement” which results in a ruin of mechanical properties of ferritic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels. This work is aimed at a better understanding of the phase separation process in   the Fe-Cr system.

    Alloys of 10 to 55 wt.% Cr , each five percent, were homogenized to achieve fully ferritic microstructure and then isothermally aged at 400, 500 and 600oC for different periods of time ranging from 30min to 1500 hours. Hardness of both homogenized and aged samples were measured by the Vickers micro-hardness method and then selected samples were studied by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).

     It was observed that hardness of homogenized samples increased monotonically with increasing Cr content up to 55 wt.% which can be attributed to solution hardening as well as higher hardness of pure chromium compared to pure iron.  At 400oC no significant change in hardness was detected for aging up to 1500h, therefore we believe that phase separation effects at 400oC are very small up to this time. Sluggish kinetics is imputed to lower diffusion rate at lower temperatures. At 500oC even after 10h a noticeable change in hardness, for alloys containing 25 wt.% Cr and higher, was observed which indicates occurrence of phase separation. The alloy with 10 wt.% Cr did not show change in hardness up to 200h which suggests that this composition falls outside the miscibility gap at 500oC. For compositions of 15 and 20 wt.% Cr only a small increase in hardness was detected even after 200h of aging at 500oC, which could be due to the small amounts of α´ formed. However, it means that alloys of 15 wt.% Cr and higher are suffering phase separation. For compositions inside the miscibility gap, hardening effect is a result of phase separation either by nucleation and growth or spinodal decomposition. To distinguish between these two mechanisms, TEM studies were performed and we found evidence that at 500oC the Fe-25 wt.% Cr sample decomposes by nucleation  and growth  while that of 35 wt.% Cr  shows characteristics of the spinodal mechanism. For compositions inside the miscibility gap, with increasing Cr content up to 40% the change in hardness generally increased and for 45% and higher it always decreased. This suggests that the composition range corresponding to the spinodal region at 500oC is biased towards the Fe-rich side of the phase diagram. At 600oC only samples of 25, 30 and 35 wt.% Cr were studied because according to the previous studies, the spinodal boundary is most probably located in this composition range. However, no change in hardness was observed even up to 24h. We believe that this means the miscibility line lies below 600oC for alloys containing 35 wt.% Cr and lower. Further investigations are needed to confirm and explain this result. 

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  • 378.
    Bahari, Helma Sadat
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Material- och nanofysik. Univ Tehran, Coll Sci, Sch Phys, North Kargar St, POB 14395-547, Tehran, Iran..
    Fei, Ye
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Material- och nanofysik.
    Toledo-Carrillo, Esteban Alejandro
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Material- och nanofysik.
    Leliopoulos, Christos
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Material- och nanofysik.
    Savaloni, Hadi
    Univ Tehran, Coll Sci, Sch Phys, North Kargar St,POB 14395-547, Tehran, Iran..
    Dutta, Joydeep
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Material- och nanofysik.
    Chitosan nanocomposite coatings with enhanced corrosion inhibition effects for copper2020Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, ISSN 0141-8130, E-ISSN 1879-0003, Vol. 162, s. 1566-1577Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A biopolymer coating on copper was prepared based on chitosan nanocomposite and its corrosion inhibition efficiency was investigated. Inclusion of silica nanoparticles substantially reduces swelling ratio of chitosan coating while enhancing its thermal stability. The corrosion resistance of chitosan-based coatings is improved by introducing 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and silica in the matrix. It is found that upon crosslinking the chitosan coatings, a higher corrosion resistance could be achieved and the highest inhibition efficiency for chitosan nanocomposite coatings is calculated as 85%. The corrosion mechanism is found closely related to mass transition and diffusion process, and also the polarization resistance contributes to the impedance. Calculated impedance using Kramers-Kronig transformation shows good agreement with experimental values, thus validating the impedance measurements. This study exhibits the enhanced efficiency of nanocomposite and potential of chitosan coatings in corrosion prevention for copper.

  • 379.
    Bai, Haitong
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    A Study of the Swirling Flow Pattern when Using TurboSwirl in the Casting Process2016Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [sv]

    Tidigare studier visar att ett roterande flöde kan ge en mer likformig hastighetsfördelning och en lugnare fyllning i både göt- och stränggjutning av stål. De befintliga metoderna för att generera ett roterande flöde har vissa begränsningar. En ny metod för att generera det roterande flödet, en så kallad TurboSwirl, föreslogs nyligen. I detta arbete undersöktes ett konvergent munstycke med olika vinklar för att se hur detta påverkade det roterande flödet som genererades i anordningen. Resultaten visar att skjuvspänningen i systemet kan reduceras genom att ändra munstyckets vinkel mellan 40º till 60º. En lägre maximal axiell hastighet kan också uppnås med en mindre konvergent vinkel på munstycket. Det är även möjligt att påverka den maximala axiella hastigheten och skjuvspänningen i systemet genom att förflytta den vertikala kanalen i anordningen. Vattenmodellexperiment har utförts för att validera simuleringsresultaten. Det kraftigt roterande flödet kunde endast beskrivas väl av Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). Validering utfördes också genom att mäta den radiella hastigheten i den vertikala kanalen med en Ultrasonic Velocity Profiler (UVP). TurboSwirl-anordningen vändes och kopplades till gjutröret för att generera det roterande flödet. Detta studerades både med numeriska modeller och med vattenmodellering. Ett periodiskt asymmetriskt roterande flöde observerades både i numeriska modellerna och i vattenmodellerna. För att modellera detta periodiska flöde så användes detached eddy simulation (DES) modellen. Resultaten då denna modell användes stämmer väl med de experimentella mätningarna. Denna nya design med TurboSwirl kan uppnå liknande styrka på det roterande flödet som när elektromagnetisk omrörning användes. Det resulterande roterande flödet leder till en lägre axiell hastighet i gjutröret samt en lugnare yta och ett lugnare flöde i kokillen.

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    Doctoral thesis_Haitong Bai
  • 380.
    Bai, Haitong
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Ersson, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Jonsson, Par
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Effect of TurboSwirl Structure on an Uphill Teeming Ingot Casting Process2015Ingår i: Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, process metallurgy and materials processing science, ISSN 1073-5615, E-ISSN 1543-1916, Vol. 46, nr 6, s. 2652-2665Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    To produce high-quality ingot cast steel with a better surface quality, it would be beneficial for the uphill teeming process if a much more stable flow pattern could be achieved in the runners. Several techniques have been utilized in the industry to try to obtain a stable flow of liquid steel, such as a swirling flow. Some research has indicated that a swirl blade inserted in the horizontal and vertical runners, or some other additional devices and physics could generate a swirling flow in order to give a lower hump height, avoid mold flux entrapment, and improve the quality of the ingot products, and a new swirling flow generation component, TurboSwirl, was introduced to improve the flow pattern. It has recently been demonstrated that the TurboSwirl method can effectively reduce the risk of mold flux entrapment, lower the maximum wall shear stress, and decrease velocity fluctuations. The TurboSwirl is built at the elbow of the runners as a connection between the horizontal and vertical runners. It is located near the mold and it generates a tangential flow that can be used with a divergent nozzle in order to decrease the axial velocity of the vertical flow into the mold. This stabilizes flow before the fluid enters the mold. However, high wall shear stresses develop at the walls due to the fierce rotation in the TurboSwirl. In order to achieve a calmer flow and to protect the refractory wall, some structural improvements have been made. It was found that by changing the flaring angle of the divergent nozzle, it was possible to lower the axial velocity and wall shear stress. Moreover, when the vertical runner and the divergent nozzle were not placed at the center of the TurboSwirl, quite different flow patterns could be obtained to meet to different requirements. In addition, the swirl numbers of all the cases mentioned above were calculated to ensure that the swirling flow was strong enough to generate a swirling flow of the liquid steel in the TurboSwirl.

  • 381.
    Bai, Haitong
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Ersson, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Jönsson, Pär
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    The physical and mathematical modelling of swirling flow by turboswirl in an uphill teeming ingot casting process2015Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on the Science and Technology of Steelmaking, ICS 2015, Chinese Society for Metals , 2015, s. 473-476Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Ingot casting is widely used to produce some certain specialty steel grades. During the process of teeming the liquid steel from the ladle to the mould for a final solidification, the high velocity of the liquid steel can result in an uneven flow pattern either in the vertical and horizontal runners or in the mould. This can cause some serious problems, such as a high erosion of refractory walls or a mould flux entrapment. Here, some research indicate that a swirling flow is beneficial for making the flow pattern even and for reducing turbulence in the runners. Recently, a new swirling flow generation component, TurboSwirl, was applied to improve the flow pattern of the liquid steel as it flows into the mould so that a more stable flow could be obtained. The TurboSwirl is located on the intersection of the horizontal and vertical runners near the mould. It generates a tangential flow that can be used with an expanding nozzle with a flaring angle in order to decrease the vertical flow velocity. Moreover, a mathematical model has been developed to optimize the geometry of the physical model. The results shows that a much more beneficial flow pattern can be obtained by reducing the flaring angle or moving the vertical runner to an off-center position of the TurboSwirl, according to the numerical models. Therefore, a water modelling experiment was built, including the TurboSwirl, one mould and the runners. Tracers will be mixed into the water to detect the flow pattern and the velocity of the fluid would be recorded by a digital motion analysis recorder for later analysis. Firstly, different flaring angles of the expanding nozzle were simulated and compared. The results could supply a good support to the following water modelling experiments and to prove that the TurboSwirl setup produces a much calmer initial filling of the mould, compared to a conventional setup.

  • 382.
    Bai, Haitong
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Ersson, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Jönsson, Pär G.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    An Experimental and Numerical Study of Swirling Flow Generated by TurboSwirl in an Uphill Teeming Ingot Casting Process2016Ingår i: ISIJ International, ISSN 0915-1559, E-ISSN 1347-5460, Vol. 56, nr 8, s. 1404-1412Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A swirling flow has been demonstrated to be beneficial for making the flow pattern even and to reduce turbulence during filling in ingot casting. A new swirling flow generation device, TurboSwirl, was applied to improve the flow pattern of the liquid steel as it flows into the mold so that a more stable flow could be obtained. A water model was built including the TurboSwirl with different flaring angles of the divergent nozzle, according to a former numerical study indicating that a much more beneficial flow pattern could be obtained by reducing the flaring angle. To validate the mathematical model, the air-core vortex formed in the water model experiment was used, and the length of the vortex was measured and compared to the numerical predictions. Different turbulence models including the standard k-epsilon, realizable k-epsilon and Reynolds stress model were tested. It was found that only the Reynolds stress model could most accurately simulate the high swirling flow including a vortex. In addition, the radial velocity of the water around the vortex was measured by an ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP). The experimental results revealed a high turbulence of the swirling flow and strong fluctuations of the vortex. The radial velocity of the water around the upper part of the vortex could be predicted well compared to the experimental results by the UVP measurements.

  • 383.
    Bai, Haitong
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Ersson, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Jönsson, Pär G.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Experimental Validation and Numerical Analysis of the Swirling Flow in a Submerged Entry Nozzle and Mold by using a Reverse TurboSwirl in a Billet Continuous Casting Process2016Ingår i: Steel Research International, ISSN 1611-3683, E-ISSN 1869-344XArtikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    As an alternative to some traditional methods to generate a swirling flow in the continuous casting process, the use of a new swirling flow generator, TurboSwirl, was studied. Specifically, a reversed TurboSwirl device was designed as part of a submerged entry nozzle (SEN) for a round billet continuous casting process. Mathematical modelling was used to investigate this new design and a water model experiment was carried out to validate the mathematical model. The predicted velocities by the turbulence models: realizable k-ε model, Reynold stress model (RSM) and detached eddy simulation (DES) were compared to the measured results from an ultrasound velocity profile (UVP) method. The DES model could give the best prediction inside the SEN and had a deviation less than 3.1% compared to the measured results. Moreover, based on the validated mathematical model and the new design of the SEN, the effect of the swirling flow generated by the reverse TurboSwirl on the flow field of the SEN and mold was compared to the design of the electromagnetic swirl flow generator (EMSFG). A very strong swirling flow in the SEN and a stable flow pattern in the mold could be obtained by the reverse TurboSwirl compared to the EMSFG. 

  • 384.
    Bai, Haitong
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Ersson, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Jönsson, Pär G.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Numerical Study of the Application for the Divergent Reverse TurboSwirl Nozzle in the Billet Continuous Casting ProcessManuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The swirling flow is demanded from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) to the mold for the continuous casting process. A new design of the SEN is applied by using the reverse TurboSwirl. The TurboSwirl has been proved that it can provide a more stable flow pattern of the liquid steel in the mold. It also can supply a strong enough swirling flow compared to other swirling flow generation methods. Furthermore, a divergent nozzle is added to replace the bottom part of the straight SEN. This new divergent reverse TurboSwirl nozzle (DRTSN) could gain a more beneficial flow pattern in the mold compared to the straight nozzle. The numerical results reveals that a stronger swirling flow can be gained at the SEN outlet with a calmer flow field and active meniscus flow. It is also found that the swirl intensity in the SEN is independent of the casting speed. Lower casting speed is more desired due to a lower maximum wall shear stress. The DRTSN is connected to the tundish by an elbow and a horizontal runner. Longer horizontal runner can supply a more uniform velocity profile and symmetrical flow pattern in the mold. 

  • 385.
    Bai, Haitong
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Tillämpad processmetallurgi.
    Ni, Peiyuan
    Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimet Intergrown Ores, Educ Minist, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, Peoples R China.;Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat & Mfg Sci, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan..
    Ersson, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Zhang, Tingan
    Northeastern Univ, Sch Met, Key Lab Ecol Met Multimet Intergrown Ores, Educ Minist, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, Peoples R China..
    Jönsson, Pär
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap, Materialens processteknologi.
    Effect of swirling flow tundish submerged entry nozzle outlet design on multiphase flow and heat transfer in mould2019Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking, ISSN 0301-9233, E-ISSN 1743-2812Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    Effect of a swirling flow SEN (submerged entry nozzle) outlet design on the multiphase flow and heat transfer in a mould was investigated by using numerical simulation. It was found that different SEN outlet designs could form different flow patterns and temperature distributions on the upper of the mould. The enlarged outlet SEN design had an effect to decrease the horizontal velocity of liquid steel flowing out the SEN outlet, reducing the steel flow velocity towards the solidification front. Although a higher velocity was found near the slag/steel interface with the enlarged outlet SEN, but the turbulent kinetic energy was lower. The reason was that less circulation flows were formed in the region of the mould top. The weak horizontal flow towards the solidification front with the enlarged outlet SEN induced lower wall shear stresses, at the same time it also formed a lower temperature distribution near the solidified shell.

  • 386. Bai, Q.
    et al.
    Guo, Z.
    Cui, X.
    Yang, Xiaohu
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), Kemiteknik, Energiprocesser.
    Yanhua, L.
    Jin, L.
    Sun, Y.
    Experimental investigation on the solidification rate of water in open-cell metal foam with copper fins2018Ingår i: Energy Procedia, Elsevier Ltd , 2018, s. 210-214Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study focused on the effect of inserting fins into metal foam on the solidification rate. To this aim, a well-designed experimental system with solid-liquid interface visualization was built. Metal foam samples with different fin intervals were prepared for experiments. Solidification process of water saturating in finned metal foam under bottom cooling was experimentally investigated. Results showed that inserting fins into metal foam can make a promotional improvement on solidification rate of water. The solid-liquid interface became curved after inserting fins, compared with metal foam sample without fins. Besides, changing the interval has little effect on the solidification rate. 

  • 387. Bai, Q.
    et al.
    Guo, Z.
    Li, H.
    Yang, Xiaohu
    KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE).
    Jin, L.
    Yan, Jerry
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Kemiteknik, Energiprocesser.
    Experimental investigation on the solidification behavior of phase change materials in open-cell metal foams2017Ingår i: Energy Procedia, Elsevier Ltd , 2017, Vol. 142, s. 3703-3708Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study presented an experimental investigation on solidification behavior of fluid saturated in highly porous open-cell copper foams. Particular attention has been made on the effect of pore parameters (pore density and porosity) on the solidification behavior. A purposely-designed apparatus was built for experimental observations. Results showed that the copper foam had a great effect on solidification and the full solidification time can be saved up to 50%, especially preventing the decrease in solidification rate during the later stage of phase change. The smaller the porosity is, the faster the solidification rate will be. Pore density was found to have little influence upon the solidification rate. In addition, the local natural convection does exist but it has a slight effect on solidification, leading to the slant of the solid-liquid interface.

  • 388.
    Baig, Mehreen
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Investigation of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Inconel 718 by Using Conventional Cross-Sectioned (CS) Method and Experimental Extraction Metal-Surfaced (MS) Method2022Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [sv]

    Inconel 718 är en nickel-baserad legering som främst används inom olje- och gasindustrin, i flygplansmotorer samt i gasturbinmotorer. Den ger exceptionella egenskaper som hög hållfasthet, krypmotstånd, korrosionsbeständighet och lång utmattningslivslängd vid höga temperaturer såväl som i kryogena miljöer. Närvaron av icke-metalliska inneslutningar i metallmatrisen påverkar dessas egenskaper och minskar legeringens kvalitet. Därav är bestämningen av inneslutningsegenskaper som morfologi, kemisk sammansättning, antal och storlek mycket viktigt för att kontrollera produktkvaliteten. Syftet med denna studie är att hitta en effektiv metod för att undersöka icke-metalliska inneslutningsegenskaper på kort tid. Två undersökningsmetoder användes: i) Konventionell tvärsnittsmetod (CS) där provet slipas och poleras för metallografiska undersökningar av 2D-tvärsnitt med ett svepelektronmikroskop (SEM), ii) Experimentell extraktion av metallyta (MS), vilket är en elektrolysmetod där provet exponeras för en icke-vattenhaltig lösning under en kort tid. Detta följt av 3D-metallografiska undersökningar med ett svepelektronmikroskop (SEM). Karbider, sulfider/karbosulfider, karbonitrider/nitrider och intermetalliska karbider, var de fyra typer av icke-metalliska inneslutningar som observerades i de testade Inconel 718-legeringarna. Dessutom observerades det att medelstora och stora inneslutningar förekom mer frekvent på MS-prov och ger bättre precision av morfologi och storlek än CS-prov. Metoden är dock inte användbar för att hitta det totala antalet inneslutningar. Sammansättningsanalys av inneslutningar visade mycket liten eller ingen inverkan av metallmatris element på inneslutningar >6 μm i båda testmetoderna. Utgående från resultaten, rekommenderas MS-metoden för att analysera medelstora och stora inneslutningar. Men för att få bäst resultat bör metoderna kombineras.

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    fulltext
  • 389. Bakaev, A.
    et al.
    Terentyev, D.
    Chang, Zhongwen
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Reaktorfysik.
    Posselt, M.
    Olsson, Pär
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Reaktorfysik.
    Zhurkin, E. E.
    Effect of isotropic stress on dislocation bias factor in bcc iron: an atomistic study2018Ingår i: Philosophical Magazine, ISSN 1478-6435, E-ISSN 1478-6443, Vol. 98, nr 1, s. 54-74Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of externally applied stress on the dislocation bias factor (BF) in bcc iron has been studied using a combination of atomistic static calculations and finite element integration. Three kinds of dislocations were considered, namely, a0/2〈1 1 1〉{1 1 0} screw, a0/2〈1 1 1〉{1 1 0} edge and a0〈1 0 0〉{0 0 1} edge dislocations. The computations reveal that the isotropic crystal expansion leads to an increasing or constant dislocation bias, depending on the Burgers vector and type of dislocation. On the other hand, compressive stress reduces the dislocation bias for all the dislocations studied. Variation of the dislocation BF depending on dislocation type and Burgers vector is discussed by analysing the modification of the interaction energy landscape and the capture efficiency values for the vacancy and self-interstitial atom. 

  • 390.
    Balafendiev, Rustam
    et al.
    ITMO Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, St Petersburg 197101, Russia..
    Simovski, Constantin
    Aalto Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Dept Elect & Nanoengn, POB 13000, Aalto 0007, Finland..
    Millar, Alexander J.
    Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.;Nordita SU.
    Belov, Pavel
    ITMO Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, St Petersburg 197101, Russia..
    Wire metamaterial filled metallic resonators2022Ingår i: Physical Review B, ISSN 2469-9950, E-ISSN 2469-9969, Vol. 106, nr 7, artikel-id 075106Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this work we study electromagnetic properties of a resonator recently suggested for the search of axions-a hypothetical candidate to explain dark matter. A wire medium loaded resonator (called a plasma haloscope when used to search for dark matter) consists of a box filled with a dense array of parallel wires electrically connected to top and bottom walls. We show that the homogenization model of a wire medium works for this resonator without mesoscopic corrections, and that the resonator quality factor Q at the frequency of our interest drops versus the growth of the resonator volume V until it is dominated by resistive losses in the wires. We find that even at room temperature metals like copper can give quality factors in the thousands-an order of magnitude higher than originally assumed. Our theoretical results for both loaded and unloaded resonator quality factors were confirmed by building an experimental prototype. We discuss ways to further improve wire medium loaded resonators.

  • 391.
    Balieu, Romain
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Transportvetenskap, Väg- och banteknik.
    Lauro, F.
    Bennani, B.
    Matsumoto, T.
    Mottola, E.
    Non-associated viscoplasticity coupled with an integral-type nonlocal damage model for mineral filled semi-crystalline polymers2014Ingår i: Computers & structures, ISSN 0045-7949, E-ISSN 1879-2243, Vol. 134, s. 18-31Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A non-associated viscoplastic model coupled with nonlocal damage under finite strain framework is developed to simulate the non-isochoric deformation and the damage process exhibiting strain-softening of a 20% mineral filled semi-crystalline polymer. The logarithmic spin tensor properties linking the Eulerian Hencky strain with the Cauchy stress is used thanks to hypoelasticity assuming the additive decomposition of the stretching into elastic and viscoplastic parts. The constitutive model with its nonlocal formulation is implemented in an efficient manner in a commercial implicit finite element code. The proposed model exhibits mesh-independent responses and is in agreement with strain evolution observed experimentally.

  • 392.
    Ballesteros, Antonio
    et al.
    JRC Petten, Holland.
    Hein, Hieronymus
    AREVA Gmbh Germany.
    May, Johannes
    AREVA Gmbh Germany.
    Planman, Tapio
    VTT Finland.
    Todeshini, Patrick
    EdF France.
    Brumowski, Milan
    UJV Czech Republic.
    Roudén, Jenny
    Gillemot, Ferenc
    MTA Hungary.
    Chaouadi, Rachid
    SCK-CEN, Belgium.
    Efsing, Pål
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Hållfasthetslära (Inst.).
    Altstadt, Eberhard
    Forschung Center Rossendorff, Germany.
    Reactor Pressure vessel surveillance2014Ingår i: Nuclear Engineering International, ISSN 0029-5507, Vol. 59, nr 12, s. 19-20Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This publication summarizes techniques suitable for surveillance program for the objective of  long term operation (LTO) on European NPPs and provides recommendations on reactor pressure vessel (RPV) irradiation surveillance based on the work preformed in the work package 7 "Surveillance guidelines" of the LONGLIFE international project. The LONGLIFE project "treatment of long term irradiation embrittlement effects in RPV safety assessment" was 50% funded by the Euratom 7th framework programme of the European commision. The project coordinated by the Helmholtz-centrum Dresden Rossendorf successfully finalized in 2014.

  • 393.
    Bandekar, R.
    et al.
    NORAM Engn & Constructors Ltd, Pulp & Paper, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    Oldmark, A.
    BillerudKorsnäs AB, Solna, Sweden.
    Lindström, Mikael
    KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), Fiber- och polymerteknologi.
    Kallen, L.
    CleanFlow BLACK AB, Forshaga, Sweden.
    Liedberg, J.
    NORAM Int AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Foan, J.
    NORAM Engn & Constructors Ltd, Pulp & Paper, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    Wearing, J.
    NORAM Engn & Constructors Ltd, Pulp & Paper, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
    Crossflow filtration of green liquor for increased pulp production, improved green liquor quality, and energy savings2020Ingår i: TAPPI Journal, ISSN 0734-1415, Vol. 19, nr 10, s. 527-538Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    A new green liquor filtration system has been installed and commissioned at the Ence pulp mill in Pontevedra, Spain. The filtration system is based on microfiltration and was developed in collaboration with the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. The patented method for efficient purification of green liquor decreases the non-process element (NPE) content by providing more efficient solids/liquid separation, reducing energy and chemical consumption in pulp mills and increasing production capacity by eliminating certain capacity bottlenecks. The process has been continuously tested at the Aspa Bruk Mill outside Askersund, Sweden, since 2013. The technology has proven to create nearly particulate-free green liquor during the purification process. The technology can also be used to polish white liquor to provide higher pulp quality. To provide for a simple and cost-effective installation, the system was designed as a skid-mounted unit that is pre-piped, instrumented, and tested before shipment. The system is modular and allows for easy expansion of capacity. This paper discusses the process design, process integration, and startup of the new system, along with experi-ences from the first months of operation. Application: The patented and trademarked CleanFlow system is a technology designed to increase the capacity of a kraft mill recausticizing plant. Crossflow ceramic membranes are used to filter a portion of the green liquor, debottlenecking the existing green liquor clarifiers’ filters. The liquor quality is improved by reducing the buildup of NPEs. CleanFlow can also be implemented to filter white liquor, either the entire stream for improved pulp quality or just a portion, such as with preparing oxidized white liquor for pulp delignification after cooking, or for scrubbing of bleaching system vents.

  • 394.
    Banno, Yuki
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Teknisk mekanik. Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
    Kinoshita, K.
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Teknisk mekanik.
    Numerical investigation of crack opening-closing behavior on pre-fatigued welded joints repaired by HFMI2022Ingår i: Welding in the World, ISSN 0043-2288, E-ISSN 1878-6669, Vol. 66, nr 4, s. 767-781Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to understand crack opening-closing behavior on pre-fatigued welded joints repaired by High Frequency Mechanical Impact (HFMI). Detailed rat-hole specimen models inserting different depths of rectangle slit in the weld toes to simulate initial cracks were used in the HFMI treatment simulation. Induced compressive residual stress, change of slit geometry, and opening-closing behavior of the slit after HFMI treatment simulation were investigated numerically. The amount of induced compressive residual stress around the slit tip is reduced when slit depth becomes larger, and slit size of about 0.4 mm remains when the slit depth is 2.0 mm. The opening-closing behavior of HFMI treated slit was examined based on change of strains along the slit face. The slit is opened from the bottom side prior to its treated surface. Additionally, the crack opening-closing behavior was investigated experimentally using pre-fatigued out-of-plane gusset welded joints repaired by impact crack closure retrofit treatment. Phased array ultrasonic testing system was used to examine the change of echo height from cracks. It could be concluded that similar behavior as the numerical investigation is observed. From both investigations, experimentally and numerically, the behavior on pre-fatigue welded joints repaired by HFMI could be studied successfully. 

  • 395.
    Banno, Yuki
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Teknisk mekanik. Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
    Kinoshita, K.
    Barsoum, Zuheir
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Teknisk mekanik.
    Numerical investigation of influence of under- and over- treatment on residual stress state induced by HFMI2021Ingår i: Welding in the World, ISSN 0043-2288, E-ISSN 1878-6669, Vol. 65, nr 11, s. 2135-2146Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to investigate influence of under- and over-treatment on residual stress state induced by HFMI numerically. Finite element simulations were performed using a flat plate model considering S355 where feed rate and the number of hits were varied. To reduce computational time, the mass scaling method was adopted to the simulations. In addition, in order to survey influence of surface removal on residual stress state, electropolishing was conducted after the HFMI simulation. Additional simulations were performed on bead on plate model considering JIS-SM400 in order to investigate applicability of isotropic hardening model for residual stress estimation. From the results, the mass scaling method can result in reducing computational time more than 90% with reasonable good estimation of the residual stresses.The investigations regarding under- and over-treatment reveal that high feed rate mainly influences residual stress state on the treated surface and the number of hits is independent of amount of induced residual stress. Surface removal after the simulation can result in slightly improving the accuracy of the estimated residual stresses. The simulations to bead on plate model give reasonable results in a depth of around 0.2 mm even when the residual stresses due to welding is disregarded. 

  • 396.
    Banno, Yuki
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Teknisk mekanik.
    Kinoshita, K.
    Ishikawa, T.
    Anami, K.
    Influence of grid blast on the fatigue strength improvement by peening2021Ingår i: Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations - Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS 2020, CRC Press/Balkema , 2021, s. 3165-3173Konferensbidrag (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study, to evaluate the influence of grid blast following to the peening process on the fatigue strength improvement, residual stress measurement and fatigue tests have been conducted. Examined peening processes were UIT, PPP and HP with ICR apparatus. For the residual stress measurement, plate and on-bead specimens made of JIS-SM400, SBHS400, SBHS500 and SBHS700 were used, and X-ray diffraction method was applied to the measurement. The results concluded that the differences in the compressive residual stress distribution in the vicinity of peened area with and without blast are not so significant. For the fatigue tests, out-of-plane gusset welded joint specimens made of JIS-SM490 and SBHS500 were used. Fatigue tests were conducted under stress ratio R=0.0 and 0.5. Fatigue tests showed that fatigue strength of peened specimens with blast are almost the same as that of peened specimens without blast, and those results were observed independently of steel grade and of peening methods.

  • 397. Ban-Ya, S.
    et al.
    Hino, M.
    Hayashi, M.
    Sano, N.
    Fredriksson, Patrik
    KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Comments on "Evaluation of thermodynamic activity of metallic oxide in a ternary slag from the sulphide capacity of the slag"2005Ingår i: ISIJ International, ISSN 0915-1559, E-ISSN 1347-5460, Vol. 45, nr 11, s. 1754-1757Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
  • 398.
    Baradaran, Mohammad Ali
    KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Hållfasthetslära (Inst.), Hållfasthetslära (Avd.). KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), Materialvetenskap.
    Hydrogen Embirttlement in Weldox 1300 and Hardox 5002014Självständigt arbete på avancerad nivå (masterexamen), 20 poäng / 30 hpStudentuppsats (Examensarbete)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Upon trying to reach higher strengths, when designing steels, inevitably susceptibility to one

    type of cracking known as hydrogen cracking increases. In present work, this complexity with

    regard to high strength structural steel of Weldox 1300 and wear plate of Hardox 500 was

    studied.

    Effect of low temperature tempering (200 ) and hard leveling on hydrogen embrittlement was

    qualitatively explored by fracture toughness testing. Tests were performed on SENB specimens of two types of Weldox 1300 in air and 3.5% NaCl solution. In-situ testing of as-quenched Weldox caused K value for crack growth initiation to drop to almost 20% of that for reference specimen tested in air. However, Weldox 1300 in tempered and leveled condition exhibited considerably improved resistance against hydrogen cracking by almost 50% compared to asquenched condition.

    It is believed that formation of transit carbides acting as strong traps due to tempering, and alteration in dislocations’ structure and level of tensile residual stresses thanks to combined effects of tempering and leveling have considerable impact on crack growth kinetics which results in improved resistance. The influence of tempering and leveling was not investigated separately.

    Additionally, by using four-point-bending test it was attempted to screen a method suitable for study of hydrogen embrittlement. Test variables were tried to be adjusted to meet the failure criteria. Precharged samples were subjected to bending stresses and left in outdoor atmosphere. Hydrogen measurement after passing 41 days on one of the samples containing a stress concentrator showed that hydrogen had been trapped and still present into the sample. Although hydrogen measurement showed the effect of stress fields on hydrogen trapping, test results along with FEM simulation indicated that such a test method might not be practicable for this special combination of materials and expectations.

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    Hydrogen Embrittlement in Weldox 1300 and Hardox 500 (Cover page & Abstract)
  • 399.
    Barbier, Christophe
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Hållfasthetslära.
    On folding of coated papers2004Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
    Abstract [en]

    The mechanical behaviour of coated papers during folding has been investigated. This problem has been studied with experimental techniques and numerical analyses in order to give a better understanding of the folding properties of coated papers pertinent to the mechanical behaviour in general, and particularly cracking along the fold.

    A microscopy investigation has been performed. The surface of the folded paper has been carefully examined to study the event of fracture and related issues. The influence of the grammage on the cracking event has been studied and it was shown that the coating material would not fail if the paper sample was sufficiently thin. It was found that a stress or strain based criterion is sufficient to describe the cracking of the coating layers and that the anisotropy of paper should be taken into account when studying the folding process.

    The finite element method has been used for the numerical analyses remembering that the geometry of the problem is rather complicated, excluding a solution in analytical form. Using different constitutive models for the base stock, it has been shown that the deformation of the coated paper during folding is much governed by the paper substrate. The numerical results also suggested that particular forms of plastic anisotropy can substantially reduce the maximum strain levels in the coating. Furthermore, it has also been shown that delamination buckling, in the present circumstances, has a very small influence on the strain levels in the coating layer subjected to high tensile loading.

    Dynamic effects have also been studied and it has been shown that a quasi-static analysis of the problem is sufficient in order to describe many of the important features related to cracking. An attempt to model strong anisotropy of paper has been presented and the results indicate that the large anisotropy in the thickness direction of coated papers needs to be taken into account in order to fully understand the mechanics of folding.

    Finally, an experimental investigation has been presented in order to study if important mechanical properties of the coating material could be determined by microindentation techniques. The results presented indicate that microindentation can be a powerful tool for characterization of these materials, but only if careful efforts are made in order to account for the influence from plasticity as well as from boundary effects.

    KEYWORDS: folding, coated papers, finite element method, cracking, indentation, anisotropy, plasticity.

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    FULLTEXT01
  • 400.
    Barbier, Christophe
    et al.
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Hållfasthetslära.
    Larsson, Per-Lennart
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Hållfasthetslära.
    Östlund, Sören
    KTH, Tidigare Institutioner (före 2005), Hållfasthetslära.
    Experimental investigation of damage at folding of coated papers2002Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 17, nr 1, s. 34-38Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat)
    Abstract [en]

    An experimental investigation of damage occuring at folding of coated paper has been performed. For this purpose an experimental device was constructed in such a way that close resemblance with an industrial situation was achieved. During the experiments the influence on the damage levels in the coating from such features as delamination, humidity and paper thickness have been studied using an optical microscope. The behaviour of two different paper materials has been investigated. A stress (or strain) based fracture criterion is relevant for the present problem but biaxiality of stresses as well as in-plane anisotropy must be taken into account. It was observed that cracking of the coating would not lead to subsequent cracking of the paper substrate and that delamination occurred during folding, in the base stock and not at the paper/coating interface, but its quantitative influence as regards cracking could not be determined. The influence from sheet grammage was investigated and it was found that the only case when (visible) cracks did not appear was at low values. High humidity did not affect the cracking.

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