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  • 51.
    Bekeris, Martin
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Lagelius, Philip
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Bolånetakets effekter på bostadsrättsmarknaden i Stockholm2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Priserna för bostadsrätter i Stockholms län har med undantag för finanskrisen 2008 stigit i en jämn takt. I oktober 2010 beslutade Finansinspektionen att införa ett nytt bolånetak med syfte att motverka en utveckling av osunda krediter, skydda konsumenterna och behålla förtroendet för kreditmarknaden.Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att utreda huruvida bolånetaket haft någon effekt på marknaden för bostadsrätter. I denna uppsats avgränsas de eventuella effekterna till de geografiska områdena Huddinge, Stockholm (innanför tullarna) och Täby kommun.Vi har valt att ta hänsyn till ett flertal värdebildande variabler i syfte att bryta ut dessa och för att på så sätt kunna se bolånetaket som en enskild faktor. De variabler som valts ut är Marknaden, Utbudet, Efterfrågan, Räntorna, Finansieringen och Förväntningar.Med bakgrund av vår frågeställning har vi inhämtat prisstatistik och utfört ett antal intervjuer med berörda personer. Dessa data har sedan legat till grund för vår slutsats.Vid en närmare analys av insamlad data, har vi konstaterat att bolånetaket har haft effekt men att denna är av olika omfattning beroende på geografiskt område.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 52.
    Belfrage, Linda
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Lind, Jennie
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Lagen om offentlig upphandling och dess påverkan på kommunala bostadsbolag: En studie om upphandling av stambyten2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med examensarbetet var att se på skillnader mellan kommunala och privata bostadsföretags upphandlingsprocess och om dessa kan kopplas till LOU. Ett annat syfte med arbetet var att undersöka om lagens syften uppfylls.

    Examensarbetet bygger på 10 intervjuer med fem kommunala bostadsbolag och fem privata bostadsbolag. Vidare gjordes en litteraturstudie kring områden som framkom vid intervjuerna. En genomgång och sammankoppling till lagen har utförts.

    De två hypoteserna som undersökts var om:

    1. det finns skillnader mellan kommunala och privata upphandlingar som är direkt uppkomna på grund av LOU
    2. att LOUs syften inte uppfylls genom dess tillämpning

    Resultatet av arbetet är att det finns stora skillnader mellan kommunala och privata upphandlingar. Upphandlingsprocessens delar är lika men hur de olika delarna utförs är olika.

    LOUs syften uppfylls till viss del genom att priset konkurrensutsätts på ett relativt effektivt sätt men att det är svårt att uppfylla affärsmässigheten på grund av transparensen samt regelverkets stelbenthet.

    Lagen om offentlig upphandling, LOU, detaljstyr den offentliga sektorns upphandlingar. Regelverket upplevs av både upphandlare och anbudsgivare som komplext och gammalmodigt. Syftet med LOU är att upphandlingen ska konkurrensutsättas på en öppen och icke-diskriminerande marknad samt ska utföras enligt affärsmässiga principer. Affärsmässigheten hänvisar till att upphandlingen ska bli kostnadseffektiv genom att göra en så "bra affär som möjligt".

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 53.
    Berggren, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans. KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    Edsbäcker, Göran
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    Fili, Andreas
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi. KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    Talia, Krim
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    Oskarshamnsprojektet - Slutrapport fas 12008Rapport (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 54.
    Berggren, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans. KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    Fili, Andreas
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi. KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    Entreprenörskap och tillväxt i Högsby och Mönsterås: En förstudie2013Rapport (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
  • 55.
    Berggren, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans.
    Fili, Andreas
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Homeownership and entrepreneurship A regional and industrial analysis of house prices and startups2019Inngår i: International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, ISSN 1753-8270, E-ISSN 1753-8289, Vol. 12, nr 3, s. 456-473Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between housing markets and new firm formation in six different industries in all 284 municipalities in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used data from Statistics Sweden and The Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth to develop a model to analyze the relationship between house prices and industry-specific new firm formation, with the interaction effect of financial infrastructure. Findings In the data, stable high house prices have no effect on entrepreneurship. However, a market with rising house prices has a positive effect on new firm formation, in retail, construction, business-to-business services and miscellaneous sectors, but produced no effect in either mining, agriculture and fishing or in manufacturing. The interaction between rising house prices and financial infrastructure does not change the positive effect on retail, business-to-business services and miscellaneous sectors, but within the construction industry, the positive effect on new firm formation disappears. In manufacturing, the authors observe the opposite - a positive effect, instead of no effect previously. Originality/value The contribution of this study is to provide evidence of how house prices are associated with entrepreneurship in different industries, as well as analyzing how the interaction between house prices and financial infrastructure is associated with entrepreneurship. By separating observations in time, endogeneity is controlled and a causal relationship where higher house prices is postulated, which leads to an increase in entrepreneurial activity in different industries. By using a spatial Durbin model, the authors control for spatial dependency.

  • 56.
    Berggren, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans.
    Fili, Andreas
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    The relationship between house prices and business start-ups: A research note2015Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 57.
    Berggren, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans.
    Fili, Andreas
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats Håkan
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Does the increase in house prices influence the creation of business startups?: The case of Sweden2017Inngår i: Region, ISSN 2409-5370, Vol. 4, nr 1, s. 1-16Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Entrepreneurs are at the core of economic development in that they start new businesses or make existing firms grow. To fulfill this important role, entrepreneurs need access to financing. Owing to information asymmetry and the relatively high risk associated with business startups, many financiers shy away from engaging in relationships with firms during the early stages of their development. Based on the existing body of knowledge on the financing of entrepreneurship, we know that insider finance is of paramount importance in the early stages of firms’ development. We expand this knowledge base by analyzing the influence of house prices on business startups across municipalities in Sweden. In our analysis, we include data from all municipalities in Sweden. Our data on house prices and control variables are collected in period one, and our data on the frequency of startups are collected in period two. We find that rising house prices in a municipality lead to a higher frequency of startups. In our spatial Durbin model, we find that a 1% increase in house prices leads to around 0.15% increase in startups. Our findings are in line with the limited international research that has been previously conducted, and therefore, our study might make a small but vital addition to this growing body of knowledge within the area of entrepreneurship and regional development.

  • 58.
    Berggren, Björn
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans.
    Hullgren, Maria
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Söderberg, Ingalill
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bank och finans.
    Housing finance in Sweden: The development of local PPP-solutions and the role of savings banks2015Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 59.
    Björk, Folke
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Byggvetenskap, Byggnadsteknik.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Kling, Rolf
    Larsson, Karl-Eric
    Vattenskador på bostäder – omfattning och kostnader: Slutrapport av ett uppdrag från Boverket2018Rapport (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [sv]

    Vattenskadorna kostar försäkringsbolag och fastighetsägare stora belopp varje år. I runda tal sker det varje år vattenskador i en lägenhet av 150 och varje skada kostar i snitt något över 100 000 kr.

    Bland företag med mer än 10 000 lägenheter anser 40% att det är ett stort problem. De mindre företagen bedömer inte att problemen är så stora, vilket kan hänga ihop med att de har bättre kontroll på sina fastigheter.

    Problem finns i alla delar av byggnaden där det finns vatten: badrum, kök, tvättstuga etc.

    Vissa småhusfabrikanter säljer enbart huset och ser VVS- och våtrumsfrågorna som entreprenörernas ansvar. Samordningen blir då lidande och man arbetar inte lika systematiskt som andra med att dra lärdomar och förebygga skador. Det kan sägas att den samordning som kan krävas mellan grundentreprenörer, byggentreprenörer och VVS-entreprenörer vid byggandet av ett småhus är ganska komplicerat. Även om många byggare aktivt arbetar med att förebygga skador, så kan informationsåterföring och koppling mellan drift och byggande förbättras.

    Många av vattenskaderiskerna handlar om detaljlösningar av tätskiktsutförande och utformning av VVS-installationer. Projekteringen kräver kunskaper om dessa lösningar. Här skulle kanske mer utbildning och information i dessa frågor kunna ge bättre lösningar. Vid byggandet finns det inte sällan flera led av underentreprenörer vilket gör att byggherren kan tappa kontrollen över kompetens, engagemang och yrkesskicklighet hos de som verkligen utför våtrum med tätskikt och VVS-installationer. Kanske skulle arbetet med elinstallationer kunna vara ett mönster, med tydliga formella krav på de som utför dessa arbeten.

    Det finns vissa konstruktioner som pekas ut som särskilt riskfyllda, t ex golvbrunnar och särskilt golvbrunnar i hörn och golvrännor. Problem finns även med våtrum utan tröskel eller då trösklar är för låga eller inte tillräckligt täta. Ett problem är att många bostadsrättsköpare av estetiska skäl vill ha inbyggda rör utan att kanske förstå de risker som det innebär.

    En intressant utveckling är att olika former av sensorer kan installeras för att upptäcka läckor tidigt och kopplas till vattenfelsbrytare som kan stänga av vattnet.

    Under förvaltningsskedet bör regelbundna inspektioner göras för att tidigt hitta fel. Här kan enskilda småhusägare och bostadsrättsföreningen behöva hjälp av försäkringsbolag som vet var fel brukar uppstå, t ex att korrosionsskador är relativt vanliga. Kanske särskilt i bostadsrättsföreningar kan sådana inspektioner vara viktiga eftersom den enskilda bostadsrättshavaren inte alltid vet vad denne får och inte får göra.

    Försäkringsbolagen kan även ställa högre krav på att bostadsrättsföreningar har genomarbetade underhållsplaner med förebyggande underhåll på centrala komponenter som kan leda till vattenskador och att underhållsplanerna följs upp. Man kan också kräva att renovering utförs i ”rätt” ordning. Genom att genomföra stambyte innan ytskikt i våtrum renoveras finns en del att spara och det kan ge ett mer vattensäkert resultat.

    När det gäller flerfamiljshus kan branschorganisationerna vara mer aktiva med att samla och sammanställa information som kan leda till att de enskilda fastighetsägarna blir mer vaksamma och vet vad de särskilt ska hålla koll på. Det finns skäl att motivera flerbostadshusförvaltare att registrera och systematisera fakta om vattenskador. Detta skulle medföra bättre kunskaper om vattenskaderisker och vara till hjälp för framtida utformning av krav och rekommendationer. Det skulle också kunna ingå i utbildning för arkitekter, ingenjörer och fastighetstekniker.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Vattenskador på bostäder – omfattning och kostnader
  • 60.
    Björklund, Kicki
    et al.
    John Mattson Fastighets AB, Lidingö, Sweden.
    Dadzie, John Alex
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Offer price, transaction price and time on the market 2006Inngår i: Property Management, ISSN 0263-7472, E-ISSN 1758-731X, Vol. 24, nr 4, s. 415-426Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether or not the offer price affects the transaction price and the number of days the property is on the market. Specifically, is it possible for the broker to use the offer price as an instrument for obtaining a higher transaction price? Design/methodology/approach - To test the hypothesis the general hedonic model is used, where the deviation of the transaction price and expected price from the offer price is a function of time on the market. Findings - The results indicate that a high offer price is more likely to result in a high ratio of transaction price to expected price compared to a low offer price. Research limitations/implications - However, the overall conclusion is affected by the state of the market, that is, whether the market is static, rising or falling. Practical implications - The best selling strategy in a rising market seems to be set a high offer price compared to the expected sale price. Originality/value - The main contribution is that the paper not only analyzes the relationship between offer and transaction price, but also its relationship to expected price. It also tests for the existence of spatial autocorrelation, which is unique in this type of study.

  • 61.
    Björklund, Kicki
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Klingborg, Kerstin
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Correlation between negotiated rents and neighbourhood quality: A case study of two cities in Sweden2005Inngår i: Housing Studies, ISSN 0267-3037, E-ISSN 1466-1810, Vol. 20, nr 4, s. 627-647Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper is to analyse whether or not differentiated rents reflect differences in neighbourhood quality in housing of similar quality and age in two target cities in Sweden. The system for rent setting in Sweden is partly based on a process of negotiation in which the annual change in actual rents is an outcome of negotiations between the local branch of the Swedish Union of Tenants and local municipal housing companies. One possible outcome of these negotiations could be change to the rental structure in the different neighbourhoods within the municipality. By allowing differences in negotiated rent outcomes in different neighbourhoods, a better relationship of rent level to tenant perception of neighbourhood quality can be achieved. It is the understanding of the authors that in a number of local-housing-market rent negotiations over the last decade, the parties involved have agreed on the need for and have consciously aimed towards making such adjustments. In this paper, regression analysis has been used to analyse data about rent levels for residential units from two cities in Sweden, namely Gothenburg and Lulea. It can be concluded that differentiated rents are indeed present, hence the existing rent-setting system in Sweden can be used to improve the relationship between rental structure and neighbourhood quality.

  • 62.
    Björklund, Kicki
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Söderberg, Bo
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    An investigation of Property Price Studies2002Inngår i: Real Estate Valuation Theory / [ed] Ko Wang, Marvin L. Wolverton, Boston, MA: Springer , 2002, Vol. 8, s. 63-93Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Several delicate issues are connected to the question of how to compose scientific papers. A number of rules and guidelines apply — some interdisciplinary, others common for all sciences. The scientific policies of the academic journals, but also their space constraints, play an important role in forming the rules. Still, in several situations the question regarding what should be explained and interpreted explicitly and what may be left for the been discussed above, that can explain why it is reasonable not to find only “yes” answers to the questionnaire. In light of these objections, we find the overall result to be reasonably good. However, in two respects we found the results surprisingly poor, taking into account the emphasis that has been put on the topics in standard textbooks and earlier reviews.

  • 63.
    Blomé, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Corporate Social Responsibility in housing management: Is it profitable?2012Inngår i: Property Management, ISSN 0263-7472, E-ISSN 1758-731X, Vol. 30, nr 4, s. 351-361Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the context of real estate management. Different operation cost indicators are identified and related to the estates' social condition. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical material was collected from the company's accounts and by interviews with the staff and is based on a comparison between two similar areas that mainly differed in how much resources the company invested in social projects and maintenance. Findings: The results indicate that CSR leads to approximately 4.5 percent lower annual operating and maintenance costs, which improved the company's profitability, especially if higher maintenance standards made higher rents possible. Other advantages were improved goodwill, which led to new business opportunities. Research limitation/implications: The primary issue of the study is to identify consequences of CSR. However, more research is needed about landlord incentives and economic effects of initiated landlord investments. The evaluation method also needs to be further developed and refined. Originality/value: From a practical perspective, the paper gives a deeper insight into the possible economic advantages of CSR. From the perspective of the scientific community, the paper shows the possibilities in using a comparative evaluation model together with detailed company data in order to identify important indicators and effects.

  • 64.
    Blomé, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Economic Evaluation of Renovation in Socially Deprived Housing Estates: a case study from MalmöManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of this study, is to analyse the profitability of a strategy to increase the quality of housing in socially disadvantaged large housing estates. The primary issue is to identify costs affected by poor management and the estates‟ social condition. Based on case study material from a socially deprived area, detailed economic data is discussed and analysed. The empirical data indicates that it is profitable to have a clear and active housing management strategy. The results also show that dedicated landlords‟, need to spend more resources on property management as this has a very positive impact on the local community as whole. Although the future estimated company value after the renovation process were profitable, from an optimistic assumption there are difficulties in justifying large scale investment purely from a business perspective. These findings give a better understanding of possible issues and the housing company's work process to improve an area. The value of the study, from a practical perspective, is a deeper financial knowledge of problems and possibilities to stabilize these housing areas and to find sustainable work methods. From a research perspective, this provides economic information which can be used for comparative management studies.

  • 65.
    Blomé, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi. Department of Urban Studies, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
    Local housing administration models for large housing estates2010Inngår i: Property Management, ISSN 0263-7472, E-ISSN 1758-731X, Vol. 28, nr 5, s. 320-338Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate three different models of how to organise services to tenants in municipal housing companies. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical data used in this study are gathered from a detailed two-year case study. Findings: Three different functions are identified: customer service (e.g. reporting of faults); the letting process; and caretaking (day-to-day activities and control over in- and outdoor areas). The three models for local administration differ as to which functions are decentralised to a local group and which are centralised, and are evaluated from several different perspectives. The models where more decisions are decentralised leads to better information about the local conditions, makes it easier to coordinate work in an area, creates more motivation for the staff and makes it easier to involve the tenants. The main problem with the decentralised models is moral hazard problems, e.g. that the local team create their own agenda, are pressured by certain tenants to give them advantages and that the result is lack of control and an inconsistent policy in the company. Research limitation/implications: The primary issue of the study is how housing companies can organise their resources in order to create an efficient local administration in large housing estates. Further research is needed to decide if the economic profitability differs between different organizational models in relation to tenants' perceived service quality. Originality/value: The research identifies and analyses different organisation models for local administration in large housing estates more thoroughly than earlier research.

  • 66.
    Blomé, Gunnar
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Organizational and economic aspects of housing management in deprived areas2011Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This dissertation consists of five papers with different objectives. The overall objective is to improve knowledge of effective policies regarding socially deprived large housing estates. All studies deal with the real estate context from a housing company decision-making perspective. The first two papers focus on organisational issues and the following three papers deal with economic issues related to the development of a specific housing area. The research is based on case studies which involve specific methodologies such as interviews, direct observation and collecting data from company accounts.

    The main message of this thesis is that landlord policies and resources spent on operation and maintenance contribute to local area development. It is also underlined that there is a need for a paradigm shift in Swedish housing, since the regulatory framework appeared to be inadequate. The experience from this study shows that many problems can be solved within the existing laws and through efficient customised property management, but landlords need more effective incentives to improve their policies further.

    The first two papers address issues about how to organise local management resources in large housing estates. Three different functions were identified: customer service, (e.g. fault-reporting); the letting process; and caretaking (day-to-day management and control over indoor and outdoor areas). The models where more decisions are decentralised lead to better information about the local conditions, make it easier to coordinate work in an area, create more motivation for the staff and make it easier to involve the tenants. This was particularly valuable for socially deprived estates, but the decentralised model raised some moral hazard problems, e.g. the local team create their own agenda, are pressured by certain tenants to give them advantages and that the result is lack of control and consistent housing policy in the company.

    The third paper deals with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in housing management. Different types of costs are identified and related to the estates’ social condition. The results indicate that a CSR-based management policy leads to approximately 4.5 percent lower annual operation and maintenance costs which improved the company’s profitability, especially if the higher standard of maintenance, made higher rents possible. The study also identified three other benefits of CSR; improved tenant relationship, goodwill and business opportunities and the study is a first step towards a better understanding of the economic consequences of CSR in a real estate-context.

    The fourth paper analyses the return of the Swedish slumlords, with a focus on a specific area in Malmö. The tenants stayed even though the rent was higher and the quality was lower than in neighbouring areas because of a combination of three factors; rents were paid by different forms of welfare payment, lack of alternatives because of queues to other areas and because some tenants saw an advantage in the “no questions” asked policy that the slumlord followed. It is further argued that the property owners found this slum strategy as profitable either because they hoped to find a “bigger fool” to sell to or because the decision makers in the company had not invested their own money. The study concludes that both tenants and investors were in the end losers, but not the company managers.The fifth paper is an economic evaluation of renovation in socially deprived housing estates. The empirical data indicates that it is profitable to use a clear and active housing management strategy, especially if the rent levels are affected by the standard of management by the landlord. The results also show that the landlord’s policy had positive social effects, both in the form of tenant welfare and in the form of lower costs for Police and the Fire department. The study also indicates that it can be difficult to justify large scale investment purely from a business perspective.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 67.
    Blomé, Gunnar
    et al.
    Malmö Högskola, Urbana studier.
    Annadotter, Kerstin
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Uthyrningspolicys och förmedlingsstrategier i kommuner och bostadsföretag2015Inngår i: Social hållbarhet med fokus på bostadsrenovering. En antologi: Uthyrningspolicys och förmedlingsstrategier i kommuner och bostadsföretag / [ed] Hans Lind och Kristina Mjörnell, Sustainable Integrated Renovation, Rapport 2015:4 , 2015, 1, s. 151-168Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Antologin om social hållbarhet har skrivits inom ramen för den starka forskningsmiljön om hållbar integrerad renovering, SIRen. De som bidragit till antologin kommer både från akademi, institut och näringsliv och representerar olika discipliner och aktörer. Vi vill främst tacka alla författare som har varit med och bidragit med sin värdefulla kunskap och sina perspektiv på vad social hållbarhet kan innebära. Vi vill också passa på att tacka de deltagande företagen och organisationerna som aktivt deltar med sin kompetens, erfarenhet och egen tid. Sist men inte minst vill vi tacka Forskningsrådet Formas för värdefullt stöd som gjorde det möjligt att författa bidragen, redigera texter och trycka antologin. Hans Lind, professor på KTH och Kristina Mjörnell, senior forskare på SP och adjungerad professor på LTH har ansvarat för redigering och sammanställning av antologin. Margareta Widegren har lagt in texterna i en gemensam form och Louise Quistgaard och Jenny Lööf på SP har gjort framsidan så att antologin har fått en fin layout.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 68.
    Blomé, Gunnar
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    The return of the Swedish slumlord: Analysis of a recent caseInngår i: International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, ISSN 1753-8270, E-ISSN 1753-8289Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The article tries to explain how long-term mismanagement of a housing estate could arise in a country with a strong legal framework aimed at preventing such situations.

    Approach: Assuming that both tenants and landlord are rational, the article presents a set of hypotheses that is consistent with the information available.

    Findings: It is argued that the tenants stayed even though the rent was higher and the quality was lower than in neighboring areas because of a combination of three factors: Rents was paid by different forms of welfare payments, lack of alternatives because of queues to other areas and because some tenants saw an advantage in the “no-question“ asked policy that the slumlord followed. It is further argued that the property owner found this slum-strategy as profitable either because the hoped to find a “bigger fool” to sell to and because the decision makers in the company had not invested their own money. Both tenants and investors were in the end losers, but not the company managers.

    Practical and social implications: The Swedish legal framework is to a large extent based on the idea that tenants should take action when there are problems. For several reasons the tenants in the area did not do that and it indicates that a more active role for the local authorities is necessary.Originality: The article focus on an interesting case that most people thought could not occur and tries to explain this within a framework of rational actors.

  • 69.
    Bohman, Mats
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Klingborg, Kerstin
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Natural Vacancies under Monopoly on Local Submarkets for Rental Housing2009Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 70.
    Boldyreva, Daria
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Hotel Development Project Valuation Techniques: Case study of the Hotel development project2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    The previous century changed the life in terms of increasing volume of travelling both business and tourist. All innovations as far as new roads led to a high demand for new hotels.

    In hospitality business valuation is one of the main parts in strategy of hotel development. The purpose of valuation is to determine potential Market Value of operating hotel (Nick French, 2004). Appraisers use different valuation techniques according to the type of property or combined methods.

    The object of the thesis is to find out the most appropriate Valuation Method for the new development project appraisal.

    The thesis research methodology is based on the literature review of different scientific articles and student books; interviews conducted with the directors of Valuation Departments in the leading consulting company CBRE in Paris and Moscow, CBRE Hotel Valuation Department in Paris; HVS Moscow and the case study of new hotel development project in one of the Paris airports.

    During the research it was founded that there are five general valuation methods (comparison, investment, profits, residual, contractors methods), but only four of them are appropriate for Hotel Valuation. Moreover, the appraisers always use several methods to provide accurate assessment of the project.

    For the assessment of Market Value in the case study the profits and investment methods were used. These approaches are very common for Hotel Valuation in CBRE office in Paris and HVS office in Moscow. 

  • 71.
    Bonde, Magnus
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Difficulties in changing existing leases - one explanation of the "energy paradox"?2012Inngår i: Journal of Corporate Real Estate, ISSN 1463-001X, E-ISSN 1479-1048, Vol. 14, nr 1, s. 63-76Artikkel, forskningsoversikt (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate if a green lease could eliminate the splitincentive problem in two office buildings located in Stockholm, Sweden. It aims to provide a theoreticaloverview concerning the “energy paradox” and to describe a case study in which a green lease was tobe implemented in the legal framework for two office buildings in the Stockholm region.

    Design/methodology/approach – This paper documents a case study, in which a green lease wasto be implemented in the legal framework for two office buildings, to promote a more activeengagement in the buildings energy performance. In order to accomplish this, a project group wasformed which consisted of representatives from the building owners, tenant, property manager,energy consultants and KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.

    Findings – This paper reveals that it is very hard to alter already legally binding agreements.Furthermore, it shows that the separation of ownership and usage of a building may not be optimalfrom an energy efficiency point of view.

    Originality/value – The paper gives an empirical explanation as to why at times energy efficiencymeasures are not undertaken, even though the investments themselves bring about a positive netpresent value. In addition, the paper analyses the situation where property maintenance is outsourcedto a property management firm, which is a common but seldom discussed situation in the literature.

  • 72.
    Bonde, Magnus
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Economic studies of Green Commercial Buildings in Sweden2013Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Climate change has risen to become one of our most critical global issues to resolve. Greenhouse gas emissions have been identified as one of the main causes for increased global temperature. As most energy production causes emission of greenhouse gases, a more energy efficient real estate sector could reduce the global greenhouse gas emissions. This reduction could be dramatic, as the real estate sector accounts for quite a large share of the society’s total energy usage. However, it is argued that even economically profitable investments are not being conducted to the full extent, leaving an “energy efficiency gap”. From an economic perspective there are multiple hinders that hampers environmental and/or energy efficiency investments (e.g. transaction costs, split incentives, capital constraints).

    This licentiate thesis studies environmental issues from an economic point of view in the commercial built environment in Sweden. The main purpose is to illustrate how different real estate actors respond to building environmental and/or energy performance, with focus on barriers, actions and economic outcome/impact. The thesis consists of an introductory essay and two articles.

    The first article studies the implementation of green leases. The study showed that complex contract structure involving different parties easily create so called “split incentives”, which can be very hard to resolve by additional agreements. This could be one explanation to why some profitable energy efficiency investments are not being realized. Furthermore, the study showed that the building owners were quite risk averse, in the sense that they were reluctant to conduct energy efficiency investments with longer pay-off periods than the current lease term. As Swedish commercial leases have a short contract length, this myopic view hampers energy efficiency investments with longer pay-off periods. An additional result from the study was the emotional aspect, from the tenant’s point of view, to invest in somebody else’s property. In general, the tenant considered building improvements to be the landlord’s responsibility. All in all, a conclusion that could be drawn is that the separation of building ownership and usage may have a negative impact on the leased commercial building stock’s energy performance.

    The second article studies whether energy performance affects the appraised value of office buildings. The overall result was that the energy performance rating had no impact on the commercial office buildings’ market values. The study indicated that rents, “time of valuation”, changes in vacancy rates, location and “low building age” had the greatest impact on assessed market values. This result could be due to that the correlation between energy usage and maintenance costs is low. Further explanation could be that the specified model suffers from multicollinearity, as the effect of improved energy efficiency cannot be separated from the building age or rent.

    The including studies support the notion that energy efficiency measures are difficult to implement and appraise to the full extent. Hence, future research is going to focus on how “green” features better could be incorporated into real estate valuation practices as well as evaluation of how environmental certified buildings are actually performing (concerning rents, energy usage, user satisfaction etc.).

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Kappa
  • 73.
    Bonde, Magnus
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Green Buildings: Exploring performance and thresholds2016Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The overall aim of this research project is to study green/energy-efficient real estate from an economic perspective. The thesis summarizes the results from five different studies with a connection to green/energy-efficient real estate.The aim of the first paper (paper A) is to study how tenants perceive the indoor environment in green-rated premises, and to compare these results with tenants’ perception of a conventional building’s indoor environment. The main result is that the tenants in the green-rated building are more satisfied with the indoor environment than the tenants in the conventional building.Papers B and C assess whether energy efficiency has an impact on buildings’ income and market values using Swedish real-estate data. The key result is that although there is a small impact on building-related income, this does not seem to translate into a higher market value.The last two papers included in this thesis study hindrances to a more energy-efficient building sector. In paper D, two office buildings are used as baseline cases to provide insights into the difficulties that can arise when trying to upgrade a building to make it more energy efficient. The results indicate that changing existing leases is a prohibitive process and that it is often difficult to evaluate the final impact of an energy upgrade. The last paper focuses on why it may be rational to postpone green refurbishments even if they are profitable. The main result is that it may be rational to postpone such refurbishments. However, by introducing different financial penalties and/or subsidies, these investments could be triggered today.To sum up, the results indicate that green buildings are preferred by tenants, but that there still appear to be economic barriers to a greener building sector.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 74.
    Bonde, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Ramirez, J.
    A post-occupancy evaluation of a green rated and conventional on-campus residence hall2015Inngår i: International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, ISSN 2212-6090, Vol. 4, nr 2, s. 400-408Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Green buildings increasingly attract attention in the real estate sector, and the United States is no exception. Studies indicate that green rated buildings may bring higher rents and sales prices. One reason for this inequity is that the indoor environment of these buildings may outperform conventional buildings. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) to compare the indoor environment in a LEED certified, on-campus residence hall with a similar, non-green rated residence hall. Results are evaluated to determine if green buildings really outperform. The results suggest that the green rated building outperformed the conventional building in the majority of the indoor environmental aspects, but not all. These results can inform a cost-benefit analysis of green features for new construction and refurbishments.

  • 75.
    Bonde, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Ramirez, Jill
    A Post Occupancy Evaluation of a green rated and conventional residence hall2015Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Green buildings increasingly attract attention in the real estate sector, and the US sector is no exception. Studies indicate that green rated buildings may bring higher rents and sales prices.   One reason for this inequity is that the indoor environment of these buildings may outperform conventional buildings. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) to compare the indoor environment in a LEED certified, on-campus residence hall with a similar, non-green rated hall. Results are evaluated to determine if green buildings really outperform. The results suggest that the green rated building outperformed the conventional building in the majority of the indoor environmental aspects, but not all.  These results can inform a cost-benefit analysis of green features for new construction and renovation.   

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 76.
    Bonde, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Does greater energy performance have an impact on real estate revenues?2013Inngår i: The Journal of Sustainable Real Estate, ISSN 1949-8276, E-ISSN 1949-8284, Vol. 5, nr 1, s. 174-185Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 77.
    Bonde, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    "Green" refurbishments under uncertainty2015Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    It is often argued that great energy savings can be accomplished by upgrading existing energy-inefficient building stock. However, even if these investments are profitable at the time, it might be even better to postpone these measures as even better investments can be realized later on. Such behavior can be analyzed by applying the real options analysis (ROA) framework. In addition, the retrofit scenario differs from the new development case, as the former is affected by the value of the already existing building, since this value must be "surrendered" in order to acquire revenues from the retrofitted building. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate green refurbishments using the real options methodology. In doing so, we are able to accurately estimate the "embedded" real option values of deferring green refurbishments, thereby adding to current explanations of the energy-efficiency gap. This paper also discusses policy suggestions to reduce the value of waiting and thus trigger these refurbishments today.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Working paper
  • 78.
    Bonde, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Is energy performance capitalized in office building appraisals?2013Inngår i: Property Management, ISSN 0263-7472, E-ISSN 1758-731X, Vol. 31, nr 3, s. 200-215Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Since 2009, all commercial buildings in Sweden should have undergone an energy performance rating in accordance with the European Union directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings. The main purpose of this rating is to illustrate a building's energy performance in an easy, straightforward manner. In doing so, it becomes easier for the actors on the real estate market to assess the building's energy performance, which in the end should be reflected in the capital value of the property. The aim of this paper is to study the EU Energy Performance Certificates' impact on office buildings' capital values. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper an econometric approach is used to estimate the energy performance impact on buildings' capital values. A panel data set was constructed using economic data from IPD Nordic and Energy Performance Certificates from the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning. Findings: This study shows that a building's energy performance has no impact on its capital value. Research limitations/implications: There may be a selection bias in the sample as the study is dependent on data from IPD Nordic. Originality/value: This is one of the first papers that study the EU Energy Performance Certificates' impact on office buildings' capital values in Sweden.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 79.
    Bonde, Magnus
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    The impact of Energy Performance Certificates on Office Rents2013Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 80.
    Borg, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Contract types in the Swedish construction sector  : framework and arguments for using design-bid-build contractsRapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 81.
    Borg, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Good and bad innovations in the housing sector: General background and a policy proposalManuskript (preprint) (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose – The purpose is to propose a classification system for techniques to increase awareness of the uncertainties and risk connected to new techniques and materials, especially when the buyer is a non-professional client. The new classification system should increase information flow and decrease the problem occurring in principal-agent relationships in terms of moral hazard. The aim is also to shift the focus of the discussion from the quantity of innovations to how incentives can be created to further "good" innovations and to reduce the risk of "bad" innovations. The paper explores how housing firms in Sweden, municipal and private firms, are positioning themselves to implement new techniques and contracts in the construction sector.

    Design/methodology/approach – The paper combines a literature review with an on-line questionnaire in combination with three face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The key data were collected from actors that build for their own management.

    Findings – The paper reports two main findings. First, actors that build for their own management are risk-averse. Second, it seems that a classification system could be a good way to handle the uncertainties and risk connected to innovations in the housing construction sector. The study also underlines the need for an active public sector which takes responsibility for helping the sector to open up for more firms that will invest in the right kind of innovations.

    Originality/value – The paper is one of the few that focus on discussing the potential of shifting the focus from the quantity of innovations to how incentives can be created to further "good" innovations and to reduce the risk of "bad" innovations. Also, it proposes a two-step classification system for new technical innovation to achieve increased transparency and reduced information asymmetry in the construction sector.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 82.
    Borg, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Incentives and choice of construction technique2011Licentiatavhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 83.
    Borg, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Ownership, contract form and choice of construction techniqueRapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 84.
    Borg, Lena
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Procurement Contracts, Innovation and Productivity in the Construction Sector: Five Studies2015Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    With its size, large number of actors, and its impact on everyday life, the construction sector plays an important role in every nation’s economy and in the improvement of the built environment. The recognition of this fact by the sector, in combination with the reputation for being conservative, problematic, having low productivity growth, and low pressure for change leads to a focus on different strategies that can be used to improve of the sector. Suggestions to improve the productivity in sector have been many during the years. One example is enhanced procurement contracts that encourage long-term orientations to improve the performance outcome and increase innovations.

    This thesis consists of five studies with specific objectives. The overall objective is, however, to increase the understanding of how to enhance the conditions to improve the construction sector. This is a response to the concerns that the actors on the market have difficulties carrying out necessary measures to make improvements in the construction sector. Procurement contracts were studied in two ways; bundled procurement contracts with service as a key to create incentives for innovations (Paper II) and the difficulty in evaluating the effects of different procurement contracts because of unclear concepts (Paper I). Innovations were also studied in two ways: the importance for creating incentives for “good” innovations and how to open up for more transparency with respect to innovation (Paper III), and the direct and indirect effects a specific innovation have in the design choices of construction in profit-maximising firms (Paper IV). Policies are based on data and misleading data can lead to mistaken recommendations. Indications of measurement errors in the calculations of productivity have been reported which leads to an interest to increase the reliability of productivity calculations (Paper V).

    The first paper has the focus to make the evaluation process easier, for the scholar, the actors on the market as well as for governmental institutions which formulate policies, by trying to make the relation between different contract types clearer with a new framework for structuring procurement contracts. The second papers are showing that bundling construction with service will not automatically increase profit for firms in the sector, rather that it might be an alternative way to transfer the risk in construction projects. Moral Hazard problems can also reduce the potential positive effects.

    Paper III wants to shift the focus from the quantity of innovations to how incentives can nourish “good” innovation and suggests a new classification system for technical innovations. The objective is to achieve increased transparency and reduced information asymmetry in the construction sector. Paper IV takes it starting point in an indicated shift in developers’ planning and construction practices for laundry facilities in owner-occupied multi-family buildings. The mapping of the shift shows that a change in regulations can have an effect on how we build, and that developers are using spaces in innovative ways, which in turn can have unforeseen external effects. The finding indicates that even though the number of appliances has increased since the 1990s, the energy consumption has not necessarily increased during the usage phase, depending on the energy performance of the appliances and on user behaviour.

    Paper V highlights the effects of including more rigorously and detailed gathered indicators of characteristics in the calculations of productivity development figures in the sector. By including more cost-driving characteristics, it should be easier to distinguish pure price changes from price changes related to increase in quality. 

    It is, important to bear in mind that there are several projects yearly that are delivered on time, within budget, with good quality and where innovations have been used. Seen against the background of this thesis, it can indeed be stated that improvements are needed if we intend to create an innovative friendly work environment that will contribute to productivity growth. However, the contribution here is also a warning that the evaluation tools that are used to describe the sector might not measure what we intend to measure.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Thesis
    Download (pdf)
    Spikblad
  • 85.
    Borg, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Hans, Lind
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Framework for Structuring Procurement Contracts2014Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper is to propose a new structure for classifying contract types and paymentmethods. Concerning the procurement contract types the first important feature is the stepwisestructure with three main steps in the contract design: (1) should the contract only includeconstruction or both construction and operation/maintenance? (2) Who should do the detaileddesign of the premise? (3) How many contractors should the client use? An important newfeature of the structure is that in both step 2 and step 3 there is a continuum of alternatives.Concerning the payment methods the structure is primarily based on how the project specificrisks are shared.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 86.
    Borg, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Högberg, Lovisa
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Organization of Laundry Facility Types and Energy Use in Owner-Occupied Multi-Family Buildings in Sweden2014Inngår i: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 6, nr 6, s. 3843-3860Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The way in which we plan and produce buildings today will influence our energy consumption in the future. This paper explores how the types of laundry facilities provided in owner-occupied multi-family buildings in Sweden have changed since the 1990s and seeks to draw attention to how this may impact energy consumption for laundry. Three factors are analyzed that influence energy consumption: the number of laundry appliances, energy performance in laundry appliances and user demand for laundry. The results indicate that there has been a change in building practices, from the domination of communal laundry rooms towards in-unit laundry facilities. The findings imply that the changes in provision of laundry facilities increase the number of appliances but do not necessarily increase energy consumption during the usage phase depending on energy performance and user behavior. Thus, developers should consider laundry facility organization when designing multi-family buildings in order to optimize the use of space and resources, given user demand and building regulations. This paper is exploratory in nature and indicates a shift in building practices that up until now has been undocumented in a research context which in turn opens up for many new research questions related to resource use but also related to the economics of developers, housing firms and households.

  • 87.
    Borg, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Framework for Structuring Procurement Contracts2014Inngår i: Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, ISSN 1835-6354, E-ISSN 1837-9133, Vol. 14, nr 4, s. 71-84Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this paper is to propose a new framework for structuring contract types and payment methods. Concerning procurement contracts, the first important new feature of this framework is a stepwise structure with three main steps in the contract design: (1) what will be procured—should the contract only include construction, or should it include both construction and operation/maintenance (2) who will do the detailed design of the premise and (3) how many contractors will the client use? The second important new feature of this framework is that both step 2 and step 3 include a continuum of alternatives. Concerning payment methods, the new framework is primarily based on how the specific risks of the project are shared. These frameworks can be useful for policy formulation in that they can help to avoid some problematic ways of formulating policies.

  • 88.
    Borg, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Service-led construction: is it really the future?2010Inngår i: Construction Management and Economics, ISSN 0144-6193, E-ISSN 1466-433X, Vol. 28, s. 1145-1153Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 89.
    Borg, Lena
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Quality Change and Implications for Productivity Development: Housing Construction in Sweden 1990–20102015Inngår i: Journal of construction engineering and management, ISSN 0733-9364, E-ISSN 1943-7862, Vol. 141, nr 1, s. 05014014-Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Current procedures for computing building price indices do not adequately account for changes in the quality of new residential construction. This has resulted in an upward bias when it comes to price changes, which causes published productivity changes to be too low because of overdeflation. The aim of this study is to estimate productivity figures that take quality changes into account. Knowledge about the size of quality changes is important to quantify the true level of cost increases in the residential construction sector to obtain more reliable productivity development figures. This paper shows that productivity in the residential construction sector has been underestimated since the 1990s. The findings indicate that data collection for productivity calculations should be more detailed and rigorous to measure quality changes. The paper highlights potential improvements in the calculations of productivity changes.

  • 90.
    Brandt, Annika
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Karlsson, Frida
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Hur presenterar olika aktörer risk?: Exemplet premiepensionsfonder2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Pensionen består av den allmänna pensionen, tjänstepensionen och i många fall ett privat pensionssparande. Den allmänna pensionen utgör den absolut största delen av den totala pensionen och innehåller premiepensionen och inkomstpensionen. Premiepensionen är den del i den allmänna pensionen, det vill säga den som alla tar del i, som man kan påverka själv med aktiva val. Premiepensionen är det som behandlas och analyseras utifrån de 5 största aktörerna, staten, Nordea, SEB, Svenska Handelsbanken och Swedbank, i denna uppsats.

    Det pensionsanknutna sparandet utgör en allt större del av det sammanlagda fondsparandet i Sverige. Pensionssparandets del i fondförmögenheten har ökat från cirka 25 % år 2000 till cirka 50 % år 2010. Trots detta har studier från Konsumentverket och Magnus Dahlquist, professor i finansiell ekonomi på Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, tillsammans med José Martinez uppmärksammat att spararnas kunskap och engagemang i sitt sparande är otillräckligt, trots att pensionssparandet får en allt viktigare roll i och med att vi nu lever längre, vilket betyder att pensionspengarna ska räcka längre. Konsumentverket har också konstaterat att de stora aktörerna på pensionsmarknaden, där ibland aktörerna vi behandlar i denna uppsats, vilseleder sina sparare vad gäller risk. Man använder ofta termer som är svåra att förstå, termer på andra språk och riskinformationen placeras ofta undanskymd. Detta till trots att Fondbolagens Förening tillsammans skapat riktlinjer på hur man ska presentera risk för konsumenter. Alla aktörerna som vi har behandlat, förutom staten, är medlemmar i Fondbolagens Förening och ska därför följa riktlinjerna.

    I vår undersökning av storbankernas och pensionsmyndighetens(statens) hemsidor märker vi snabbt att dessa till stor del trotsar mot riktlinjerna dem själva varit med och utvecklat och framställt. Riskinformationen är ofta undanskymd, svårlokaliserad och skriven i en mindre storlek med en annan färg än resterande text. Vi har också konstaterat att man använder ett språk och terminologi som för premiepensionssparare, som enligt rapporterna från Konsumentverket och Magnus Dahlquist har otillräcklig kunskap, är svår att förstå.

    Detta fenomen förstärks ytterligare av att storbankerna och staten använder sig av olika riskklassificeringar för sina fonder. Detta innebär att det uppstår tolkningsproblem vad gäller risk för konsumenterna eftersom riskklassificeringarna inte betyder samma sak hos olika aktörer. Sättet man klassificerar på skiljer sig också åt, vilket betyder att jämförelser av fonder hos de olika

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 91.
    Bredberg, Sofia
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Ek, Sara
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    How to apply microfinance activities in the developed world: a case study in New York City2011Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [en]

    This study strives to examine how microfinance activities can be successfully applied in the developed world. This is done through a field study in New York City. Throughout interviews and observations with three of the largest actors in New York: Acción USA, Grameen America and Project Enterprise, as well as interviews with their clients, the lending processes and key characteristics of the organizations have been mapped. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has been interviewed on the general opinion of microfinance in the US.

    Previous theory elaborates on some of the major challenges with implementing microfinance activities in the developed world, such as lack of funding and cultural differences hindering the lending processes to be carried out as they are in the developing world. Henceforth, problems regarding regulation, awareness and outreach are discussed. Throughout the observation of the institutions we can confirm that some of the challenges brought up in theory actually are apparent. We do, however, question the criticism towards the use of group-based lending programs in the developed world. Our study does, in contrast to previous research, imply that the concept does work as well in the US as it does in developing countries.

    Since this is a case study based on the observations of only a few organizations, it is precarious to draw any general conclusions based upon the findings. Indications of key success factors are, though, group-based lending programs, non-financial services, creating awareness, financial sustainability, savings as funding, standardized regulations and increased transparency. Finally we advocate focus on job creation to obtain acknowledgement.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 92.
    Broström, Oscar
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Göransson, Mårten
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande.
    Kreditmarknadens avreglering: En förklaring till fastighetsprisökningen?2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 poäng / 15 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Avregleringen av kreditmarknaden inleddes redan på 1970-talet, men det är främst på 1980- talet som de viktigaste avregleringarna gjordes. Då syftas det på avregleringen av utlåningsränta och avregleringen utlåningstaket. Dessa avregleringar utlöste en kraftig utlåningsexpansion till företag och privatpersoner. Utvecklingen ledde till en finansiell kris i Sverige på 1990-talet med kraftigt prisfall på fastigheter och inflation. Riksbanken gjorde sitt bästa för att skydda växelkursen med diverse räntehöjningar. 1992 blev det en övergång från fast växelkurs till rörlig växelkurs. Detta hjälpte till att stimulera Sveriges ekonomi i positiv riktning och i och med den rörliga växelkursen så kunde riksbanken föra en effektivare penningpolitik med en så kallad reporänta. I detta arbete kommer vi att undersöka om kreditmarknadens avreglering har påverkat fastighetspriserna och för att få svar på detta vill vi undersöka om det finns något samband med den ökade utlåningen som skapades efter avregleringarna. Från 1985 steg det svenska folkets skuldkvot i takt med att det hade blivit lättare att få lån från banker och kreditinstitut. Dock så har räntekvoten sjunkit på grund av att räntorna har sjunkit. Fastighetspriserna har ökat i samband med kapitalökningen. Sammanfattningsvis kunde vi sammanlänka avregleringen av kreditmarknaden till den ökade utlåningen och därmed analyserat huruvida utlåningen har påverkat fastighetsprisutvecklingen.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 93.
    Brunes, Fredrik
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Essays on behavioural economics and cost overuns2015Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    This dissertation consists of five essays, four on cost overruns and one on behavioral economics witha focus on real estate investments. The main aim of the thesis was to answer the questions:

    • Is it common with cost overruns in infrastructure projects?

    • What explains the cost overruns?

    • What can be done to prevent cost overruns?

    This thesis contributes to the current state of knowledge within the field:

    • It is yet another evidence that cost overruns are a significant problem.

    • Optimism bias is an explanation of cost overruns. However, the thesis adds, by Article two, arationality explanation.

    • Dismisses in part the Successive method as a tool to reduce cost overruns.

    • Provide recommendations on how action against cost overruns can be systematized.

    The first article, which is a result of my Licentiate thesis deals with real estate investments and the fact that investors sometimes are influenced by behavioral aspects that make them deviate fromwhat is rational. The result is some what uncertain but shows that investors in these cases were influenced by myopic behaviour.

    The second article deals with cost overruns and rationality. The question is whether it can be rational in a procurement, using a unit‐price contract, to expect cost overruns. The result shows that it is possible in situations where the decision maker has to take renegotiation costs and monitoring costs into account.

    The third article examines how well the successive method can pvents cost overruns. Established results in research on cost overruns indicated that strategic factors, psychological factors (optimism bias) and technical factors are important to explain cost overruns. The review suggests that the Successive method has limitations as a method to reduce cost overruns because it cannot deal with strategic and psychological factors.

    The fourth article focus on why cost overruns incurred. The article presents a new framework based on microeconomic cost theory and also results based on a survey to project managers in infrastructure projects, suggesting that cost overruns are common and that cost overrun mainly aredue to the optimism bias.

    The issue addressed in the fifth article is what can be done to prevent cost overruns. The conclusion, based on questionnaire survey and literature review, suggests that a variety of policy measures are needed at different levels such as (1): Organizational macrostructure where e.g. cost overruns in a project in one region leads to less projects in that region.(2) Organizational quality: improved transparency within organizations to see where and when cost overruns occur. (3) Organizational processes: e.g. the use of external reviewers.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Thesis
  • 94.
    Brunes, Fredrik
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Forskningsprocessen2014Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 95.
    Brunes, Fredrik
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Hermansson, Cecilia
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi. KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Fastighetsekonomi och finans.
    Han-Suck, Song
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    NIMBYs for the rich and YIMBYs for the poor: analyzing the property price effects of infill development2020Inngår i: Journal of European Real Estate Research, ISSN 1753-9269, E-ISSN 1753-9277, Vol. 13, nr 1, s. 55-81Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose This paper aims to analyze how nearby property prices are affected by new construction projects in Stockholm. If there is an impact on property prices, the authors endeavor to investigate whether the effects vary among different areas within the municipality, for different groups of inhabitants and for different types of housing (i.e. public versus private housing). Design/methodology/approach The authors use a difference-in-difference specification in a hedonic model, and the sample consists of more than 90,000 observations over the period 2005-2013. Findings The results are robust and indicate that house prices in nearby areas increase following the completion of infill development. The results also indicate that infill development has a positive spillover effect on nearby dwelling prices only in areas with lower incomes, more public housing units and more inhabitants born abroad. Originality/value It provides an analysis on how nearby property prices are affected by new construction projects by creating a restricted control area, so as to make the treatment group and the control group more homogeneous. Thus, it mitigates any potential problems with spatial dependency, which can cause biased standard errors.

  • 96.
    Brunes, Fredrik
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Hermansson, Cecilia
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin. KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Fastighetsekonomi och finans.
    Song, Han-Suck
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Wilhelmsson, Mats
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi. KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för bank och finans, Cefin.
    NIMBYs for the rich and YIMBYs for the poor: Analyzing the property price effects of infill development2016Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    A combination of strong urbanization and shortage of land in many European city areas prompts an impetus of infill development, with current residents often raising concerns that infill development leads to lower nearby property prices. The aim of this paper is to analyze how nearby property prices are affected by new construction projects in Stockholm, Sweden. We use a difference-in-difference specification in a hedonic model, and our sample consists of more than 40,000 observations over the period 2005–2013. Our results are robust and indicate that house prices in nearby areas increase following the completion of infill development. Our results also indicate that infill development only has a positive spillover effect on nearby house prices only in areas with lower incomes, more public housing units and more inhabitants born abroad.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Working paper
  • 97.
    Brunes, Fredrik
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Lind, Hans
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Explaining cost overruns in infrastructural projects: A newframework with applications to Sweden2014Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 98.
    Caesar, Carl
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Fastighetsvetenskap.
    Kopsch, Fredrik
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Municipal land allocations: a key for understanding tenure and social mix patterns in Stockholm2016Annet (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    A socially mixed population is a politically stated ambition in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. By providing a variety of tenure alternatives – i.e. rental and ownership housing – throughout all neighborhoods it is presumed this objective could be at least partially fulfilled. Since current tenure proportions display a weak balance in many neighborhoods it could consequently be assumed that governing politicians – by primarily utilizing Stockholm’s vast landownership and municipal housing developers – attempt to bridge observed gaps. Distribution of new rental- and ownership apartments in municipal land allocations should accordingly acknowledge the existing tenure composition in a neighborhood. Methodically this article focuses on all (nearly 50 000) apartments channeled through Stockholm’s land allocation system between the years of 2002 to 2012. After classification of all apartments based on tenure, location, year and developer (private or municipal) this information is merged with yearly housing stock characteristics for 128 neighborhoods. The outcome is a unique data set allowing for a statistical assessment of whether Stockholm’s tenure (and in extension social) mix ambition is reflected in practice, and moreover the role played by the municipality’s own housing developers. The present article thereto aims to highlight the crucial importance of landownership in every Swedish municipality with an aspiration to achieve or maintain a balanced tenure mix. While the findings indicate Stockholm is complying fairly well with its stated ambition, the results do reveal some contradicting signs. Looking beyond the tenure mix focus it could moreover be questioned whether Stockholm fully utilizes its (landownership) capacity to stimulate a socially mixed population – especially one capturing more than solely socio-economical aspects.

  • 99.
    Ceccato, Vania
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö, Urbana och regionala studier.
    Näsman, Per
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Centra, Centrum för trafikforskning, CTR. KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Langefors, Linda
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Samhällsplanering och miljö.
    Sexual violence on the move: An assessment of youth’s victimization in public transportation2021Inngår i: Women & Criminal Justice, ISSN 0897-4454, E-ISSN 1541-0323, Vol. 31, nr 4, s. 294-312Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Informed by principles of environmental criminology, this study assesses patterns of sexual victimization among young riders of rail-bound public transportation using a sample of 1,122 university students in Stockholm, Sweden. Exploratory data analysis and logistic regression models underlie the methodology of the study. Findings indicate that the physical and social characteristics of transit environments have an impact on the likelihood of sexual victimization after controlling for individual factors. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 100.
    Ceder, Henrik
    et al.
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Leksell, Martina
    KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), Fastigheter och byggande, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi.
    Effektivare informationshantering hos fastighetsbolag genom ett utökat nyttjande av IT-stöd2012Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 poäng / 30 hpOppgave
    Abstract [sv]

    Konceptet Building Information Modeling, tillsammans med den snabba IT-utvecklingen ger företag i bygg- och fastighetssektorn möjlighet att utveckla och effektivisera sin verksamhet. Vi tror att det finns utrymme för fastighetsbolag att förbättra och effektivisera sin verksamhet. Ett sätt att utvecklas och nyttja nyare teknologi ser vi i digitalisering av fastigheter där all relevant information ska finns samlad, tillgänglig och ständigt uppdaterad.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
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