This thesis analyzes BTPX 305, a biotech separator developed by Alfa Laval. It focuses on a problem found in the vertical drive where the machine's vibration absorber and damper take place. Today the machine is experiencing vibration above the normal levels, and the product that the machine usually separates is very sensitive to vibration. Therefore, the damping mechanism in the machine needs to be serviced often because of wear in the damping mechanism. In the report, a variety of methods are used, TIPS (the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) for example are used to model and describe the problem in more detail, and internal/external research is done to possibly find inspiration from other machines that have solutions to similar problems. Solution ideas were generated in brainstorming sessions that were mostly inspired by the information gathered from both the internal and external sources. The concepts were then adapted to then become a solution proposal to the problem. With the help of a priority matrix, it was decided which of the concepts should be considered reasonable as a solution proposal. A couple of experiments were conducted on the concepts that were further taken from the priority matrix to ensure that the theory works in practice.

Värmevärden AB is an energy company that distributes district heating. One of their challenges today is to reduce the energy losses and wear that occur in the plant's scrapper conveyor unit. The conveyor belt is in constant motion whether it is transporting fuel or going unloaded at idle. An understanding of the module's energy flow needs to be mapped.

An energy flow behavior model for the scrapper conveyor unit is presented. The energy flow in the startup sequence when the belt runs at idle and at full load is simulated. The simulations visualize the velocity and acceleration of the belt as a function of time and the current flow in the engine when getting started. The model allows changes on various parameters such as engine velocity, current limitations, work efficiency and enables the calculation of necessary material to achieve a desired power delivery.

With a current-limited engine of 140 [A], a lower acceleration is obtained as the belt transports the fuel masses. Energy losses are also reduced as the belt is started by their own mass when transportation is needed. This means that the wear on the components of the plant decreases as transportation takes a more controlled form.

A study of the perceived need to introduce digital locks on a unit in Södertälje municipality, a quality house is used to select a system of three. Then calculates what investment would cost and finally, a calculation will be presented which shows what an introduction could generate in monetary terms.

Investing in a pilot plant with 77 users would cost about SEK 50,000, this is a truth with modification - all costs are included, but only software and hardware licenses. If you count in 20 minutes, 100,000 kronor if you count 10 minutes and 120,000 kronor if you count in 12 minutes.

Today, the municipality uses traditional (physical) keys and stores users' keys in both larger and smaller cabinets at the units. According to the routine, the keys should be returned to the key cabinet in the event of a change, which means that there will be a lot of running with the keys.

If a security alarm is triggered, the operator has a 30-minute setting for the user. Problems can occur if the keys are not properly registered in the system, as well as during the day that staff have handed the keys to someone else in the staff and did not return the keys to the key box between the handover. It can also be that keys disappear, which must then be replaced by the municipality. The biggest time thieves are: in case of alarm, morning routine, and change of day. It happens a lot during a working day, which means that the staff needs to change keys with each other and staff solve this in the best way for the moment and not always according to the routine.

In the reports investigate which system the executives use and the conclusion is that it is appropriate to use a system that fits smoothly into existing systems so that there is no additional system. It is also important for a possible introduction to thinking about how the municipality intends to organize: installation, maintenance, and management - which the municipality has either a central unit, decentralized out of the units or use external contractors, such as a locksmith.

The performers are positive and feel that the need is to introduce digital locks, while the property owners do not see a direct benefit from the solution. Much depends on how the municipality for the dialogue and invites to talks at an early stadium and explains what you are planning for a solution.

This written summary includes an account of the thesis project “dimensioning of finished goods inventory”. The work has been carried out at Scania DT in Södertälje within the department for transmission and axles. The central part of the work has been to study how today's finished goods inventory for transmission should be able to face the future production-related challenges. In conjunction with the fact that higher production volumes were forecasted for the next few years and that a completely new article program would be introduced in parallel with today’s assortment concludes that the overall current capacity would be exceeded.

In order to secure the capacity of the finished goods inventory before the future changes, the area would be reviewed so that solutions could be proposed on a number of points in order to increase the capacity of the finished goods inventory. Primarily the focus was on reviewing the dimensions of the inventory and building simulation models to be able to present proposals for necessary dimensions that could handle the increased production volumes.

Scania also requested that the simulation models could be applied to their other finished goods inventories so the model could be used to present similar dimensional proposals for future scenarios in other inventories. The work was limited to look at three time horizons that were of crucial importance for the inventories capacity. The horizons included the current volumes of today as well as two future stages of increase in production with a reduction of the system's cycle times, which would generate larger volume flows of products. Data for the simulation models were collected with the solution methods, semistructured interviews, construction of simulation models, observations and data sources.

The model's first step was to mirror to today's finished goods inventory, in order to validate the model against confirmed data. Then future production data would be generated based on the current input and output flows to correspond to future production increases. The production data of the future was generated by reducing today's output and input data with the differences between the new and old cycle times.

The Excel data tool was used to manage the large amounts of data, while the simulation program Extendsim9 was used for the construction of the model. The data in the programs were then linked together and generated the future volume flows that the inventory would be dimensioned for. These results would be the basis for the solutions that would be proposed on how the aspects of working methodology and inventory layout could be reworked to increase the storage capacity of the inventory.

These two aspects were examined in addition to the proposals for dimensioning, since the only solution proposal that was applicable on the aspect of dimensioning was expansion in height or width to give room for more stalls. This solution was very costly and not a first choice for Scania, which requested other solution methods to the problem. After the simulations were completed, the results of the various components of the model were examined. The results indicated that the next production increase would result in a product flow that exceeds today's storage capacity. In addition the capacity of the trucks in the finished goods inventory would be overloaded in conjunction with reduced cycle time, which would mean regular production stoppages when the conveyor belts were overloaded with articles.

Solution proposals were presented in order to ensure the future capacity of the finished goods inventory, where the solutions were aimed against the bottlenecks that had been identified in parallel with the changes. The proposals included the implementation of high bay warehouse, added truck and transport capacity, reduced lay time for the inventory´sarticles and revised time slots to enable a sufficiently wide outflow for the new volumes. This results in an overall increase in capacity for todays finished goods inventory, so that it can meet the future capacity requirements.

This report describes a project concerning the area within industrial technology and sustainability. The research investigates the possibility to apply a renewable energy source utilizing solar energy through solar cells. The energy that extracts shall, to a certain extent, be applied as an energy source to the establishment Rosendals Trädgård. Rosendals Trädgård was chosen as a hypothetical example of how an implementation of an organization can be successful. The company HP solartech was a leading hand during the study since they attain professional knowledge within this subject. In order to make the study accurate, HP solartech supported the data by sharing the ground theories about solar energy, the difficult calculations and the implementation of solar cells. With their guiding and support, valuable facts and results was attained. The aim to this project is to present a proposition to Rosendals Trädgråd with support from HP solartech. The result for Rosendal turned out to a production of solar energy that covers 24% of their current energy consumption and an economical saving of SEK 160 900 annually.

The manufacturing industri is a trade in constant development. The development has forced many companies to apply different philosophies and principles to make sure that they stay side by side with their competitors. One of these philisophies is Lean Production. Scania is one of the companies early on, decided to implement Lean. They ended up interpreting it in their own way which formed the Scania Production System. A department that unfortunately does not optimaly apply Scania’s way of working with Lean is Fo1:3 in the chassis facotory. There are many deficiencies here that do not meet the Lean principles that Scania strives for.

The layout of the department has many problems. There is a lot of waste that goes on in the area. Workload, walking time and well-being are just some of the examples of what is lacking quality in the department. Because of all this there is a will from Scania to implement a new layout and therefore a task was given to firstly map the internal and external flow to identify exactly where the deficiencies existed. The task after the deficiencies were mapped out and identified was to come up with some suggestions for a new layout. The suggestions of layouts that were given were all in some way based on Lean. There were however different priorities in each suggestion of layout such as reducing the walking time or improving the social aspect.

Five different suggestions of layouts were given. Two of these suggestions suggested moving the entire department closer to the line. This is because it was considered the best alternative when looking at it from the perspective of Lean. These were also the options that Scania considered the best. However, it became clear that these proposals were also the most difficult to implement because a transfer of an entire department is both resource and time consuming. Proposal 5 was seen unanimously as the optimal option. It was coincidentally the option that would require most work since not only does the station need to to be moved, it would also require the assemblers to learn a whole new standard of work because new stations would be introduced.

Ultimately, everyone was in agreement that option 5 would in the best of worlds also give the best result. There are however many obstacles that have to be overcome in order for it to become reality.

The underwater machine YT-800 is one of Weda AB's largest cleaning robots sold and used today. To succeed in selling and marketing this product in the best possible way, Weda thinks that the more data they have for the product, the more attractive it will be to future potential customers. Therefore, one of Weda's goals was to compile a CAD model of the underwater machine with associated drawings. Since Weda's staff lacks this knowledge, the documentation assignment was offered as a thesis project to two students at KTH in Södertälje. During this process, information on the selection of material, tolerance, drawing format and CAD assembly procedure was gathered to obtain the necessary recourses to perform the documentation. With an update of the product drawings, it is possible to order products without the need of other companies.

The aim with this project was to increase the amount of used scrap in the remelt of aluminum alloys by using linear programming, which was successfully done. A status analysis about the average use and characteristics of aluminum has been described, as well as a mapping of the todays industry within the company. This is followed by a theoretical chapter containing references from previous work solved with linear programming, and a description of LP including the mathematical model. The attempt to solve this problem is carefully shown in the forthcoming chapters together with the different approaches that were used. The results are presented with analysis of each optimization, followed by a discussion and a conclusion including future recommendations. The model is used with two different objective functions to get perspective, volume to maximize the amount of used scrap and price to increase use of high valued alloys in order to decrease capital accumulation within the non-used scrap. The remelt process of today consumes about 30 % of the total scrap produced during one year. This model shows that it is possible, by having 17 out of 72 recipes, to use 90 % of all scrap. One optimization for a single recipe also proved that it is possible to produce an alloy consisting of basically scrap.

Research orchestration (RO) perspective argues that resource orchestration actions are needed to develop unique set of capabilities to effectively implement strategies at different hierarchies. This study sets out to provide a resource orchestration perspective to provide capabilities-based explanation as to why firms having “similar” resources could differ in obtaining competitive performance based on existing empirical studies. The initial part of the study with review of literature indicates that: (i) RO provides a relevant view to explain relationship of resilience and sustainability in manufacturing, and (ii) creating fit rather than linear benefit, should be the aim of resource investments.

DHL Parcel has an old model for notification to their customers. The purpose of the assignment was therefore to investigate how new or alternative methods can be used in a new model. The new model should be reliable and profitable.

Research and interviews were conducted to get an understanding of the present situation and to find ideas for a new model. Notifications by mail is the largest cost in the current model. Research and meetings with LINK Mobility showed that “Facebook Messenger” is the most developed method to use as a new notification method.

The new model presented in the results suggested that the mail being sent on day 7 should instead be sent on day 3. This by reading the list of deliveries of SMS and only send mail to customers not reached by SMS‐notification. The new model is calculated to reduce the yearly cost by 3 million SEK and high level of reliability.

At the end of the report, reflections on the work are presented. Recommendations to DHL for continued work on implementation plans and other necessary steps before an implementation of the new model are presented.

This thesis was performed in a production company with the aim of calculating the manufacturing capacity of a product flow to see if they can manage to produce according to a large forecast demand and according to customer requirements. The work also involved identifying bottlenecks in the process flow and propose different flow optimizations. To attain a good picture of the production the project began with observations in the workshop and then an interview with the company CEO was conducted in order to get a better understanding of the problem.

Appropriate methods and tools were chosen to achieve the goals. The used data consisted of primary data such as interviews, observations and data information from the company. Secondary data consisted of literature studies and the data tool Microsoft vision was carried out to map and simulate the flow.

The results of the calculations showed that the current production system can produce according to the customer requirements and demand. The takt time turned out to be less than the cycle time for each process. When identifying the bottleneck, it was found that the bottleneck is the first station in the process, which is the cutting machine. Suggestions on flow optimizations were that the company should manufacture according to batch sizes instead of order sizes. A proposal on an improvement on the process flow was made so to increase the flow efficiency. The proposal means that the business needs to invest in two new machines, which will result in an increase of 80% in their output.

Our recommendations for continued work are to carry out a deeper analysis on developing the cycle times for the various processing processes by taking times for each process and seeing how long it takes to produce. We also see a need to make a cost estimation analysis when it comes to acquiring new equipment which will be able to help decide if the investments are profitable for the company.

The main purpose with this rapport is to analyze the production flow at Saltå Kvarn. While analyzing the flow it became clear that the focus with this work is to be on the two products raisins 500 g and red lentils 500 g. The narrowing down to the two products took the most time. The importance of the two products for Saltå Kvarn is because they are the two items that are sold the most. With the help of theoretical models and theories it was possible to identify the problems and solve them. Through the data gathering and mapping the flow of the two product it enabled to identify the problems. The data gathering was done through various interviews and meetings with various departments. The flow that is to be analyzed are the two flows that lead directly to the inventory of finished goods from the manufacturer. When identifying the products main problem, it became clear that the product with the most problems was the red lentils 500 g. The solution of the problems with the red lentil product was presented as recommendations. One of these recommendations was to give the company that had an intermediary role more responsibility.

The objective for this thesis came from Swepart's operations in Liatorp. The aim of the thesis was to investigate how the manufacturing process of Swepart's power take-off can be improved in terms of: capacity, measurement in number of products and investment costs and operator salaries, by using the simulation program ExtendSim. A survey of today's current assembly line was made to get a clear picture of the assembly process, process times and number of operators, in order to then simulate a realistic version of the current assembly line. A literature study of simulation, discrete event-controlled simulation, ExtendSim and choice of truth distribution were made to deepen the knowledge in the subject of simulation. When the current assembly line was simulated and verified, the selected nine scenarios were simulated. The first five scenarios were experimented with different numbers of operators, division of stations and number of test machines. The remaining three were merged PTO lines with different numbers of operators and test machines. These were analyzed with a number of indicators: number of products after eight hours, average queue and waiting time in front of the test machine and the utilization rate ofoperators. The result of the simulations showed that the third scenario gave the most products after eight hours with two test machines and four operators. Followed by the second scenario, with three test machines and five operators. The result in terms of investment costs and operator salaries after 15 years was best for the eight scenario, with combined PTO line with two test machines and three operators. The fourth scenario was came in second, with two test machines and three operators.

Green Kaizen, AstraZeneca’s version of Green Performance Map, is a new Lean-tool designed to reduce the environmental impact from industrial manufacturing. Waste is one of the environmental aspects that the tool promotes and manages. This is initially done by reducing the amount of generated waste, and then by maximizing the amount of waste that is recycled or reused. This report is a case study which has followed the application of Green Kaizen on seven different manufacturing processes that are part of the biopharmaceutical company AstraZeneca’s operations in Södertälje. AstraZeneca decided to use the tool because of their ambition to reduce the amount of waste produced through manufacturing.

The purpose of this study is to exhibit how the tool works as an improvement process in a pharmaceutical company, and how reducing environmental impact entails reduced financial costs. To prove this, earlier research that links reduced environmental impact with economic benefits is compiled. The tool, Green Performance Map, is described and its prior development is presented. Green Kaizen has been analysed by compiling, comparing and evaluating the results from the seven different cases. The focus of the results lies on identified waste that could be prioritized and managed.

By creating a simple cost model, potential financial savings have been estimated for different improvement measures in waste management. Improvement measures for identified environmental aspects that have been implemented or started being investigated are accounted for in the results. The results indicate that the tool both leads to environmental improvements along with financial savings. The cost model has been beneficial for effectively estimating savings from recurring waste management action proposals. Furthermore, the results display that the tool can be adapted to AstraZeneca’s operations and can successfully reduce emissions and eliminate waste in manufacturing processes. Thus, Green Kaizen complements AstraZeneca’s work with Lean manufacturing and should be further developed as a Lean-tool to be integrated with the current Lean-structure.

This report describes the development of a product concept that’s supposed to replace Weda's SD-System. The SD-System suction nozzle is scalable from 1 𝑚 up to 10 𝑚 wide out of bent sheet metal and is installed to a driving unit. The new pool cleaner attachment concept is supposed to be more modular to fit different basins and be cheaper in manufacturing.

Based on customer requirements, the problems description and the development process, five concepts were developed. All the concepts are supported by basic facts, theoretical manufacturing and assembly aspects as well as flow simulations.

These five concepts were opposed to each other in a screening matrix and then proceeded with a concept that was further developed using project tools such as QFD and DFA. Finally, a laboratory exercise was performed with a prototype and the purpose of investigating and strengthening the project's calculations.

Finally, the results that are set against the project's objectives and customer requirements are analyzed to evaluate whether the project has succeeded or not.

In order to contribute to research on implementing business sustainability, this study aims to explore the distribution of decision-making authority related to economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Sustainability objectives between different organizational levels in multinational manufacturing enterprises (MMEs) are investigated. The research is fundamentally exploratory. We conducted a multiple case study endeavor with nine participating case organizations. The study identified five different decision-making approaches to sustainability in multinational manufacturing enterprises. The findings showed that there was no consistent way of deciding upon sustainability issues. Some case organizations seemed to regard sustainability as a global concern, while others regarded it as a more local concern. In general, the economic sustainability dimension was regarded as more of a global concern, while the environmental dimension was more of a local concern, and the social dimension more of an integrated concern. The findings of this study can act as guidance for managers when implementing or improving sustainability strategies. The findings will also serve as a map to navigate and understand what should be given the strongest priority in different situations concerning decision-making relating to sustainability in manufacturing processes and networks.

The digital industry does not need a huge investment and the advantages are many for companies that wants to gain competitiveness. With the implementation of a digital factory you can develop each process or the whole factory and at the same time monitor the production with greater precision.

The reason for this study is how a digital factory can improve their competitiveness, what resources are necessary and which problems are likely to occur and how to solve them. The study has taken place at a specific small industry with an already established prototype that was further developed and installed in a created network system with purpose to communicate the status of the factory or each single machine. The study's main focus has been to compare manually taken key performance indicators through a form, and automatically taken key performance indicators from the digital system with the help of the prototype which included a RAPID SCADA implementation. This is for practical enlightenment over the difference between a manually and an automatic system and which one to prefer.

The KPI:s are based on OEE, but it also highlight that the development to other measurement tools can easily be achieved from this base. The system that has beencreated are flexible and adaptable to be used as a tailor fit solution that most SME can use. The study shows that an implementation of a digital solution does not necessarily need huge means of investments or high personal competence. The worrying part from the perspective of a smaller company is the time it takes to learn why and how the system should be built.

Waste to energy concept is one of the best methods, which not only consider the environment but alsogenerate energy from municipal solid waste (MSW). Generation of MSWs at Mekelle city, Ethiopia, hasgrown steadily mainly due to migration of people from rural areas. However, the waste has not beenmanaged and utilised as a useful resource due to lack of awareness and proper technology in the city.The objective of this study was to measure the heat content of solid waste generated in the city.Measurement of heating value was performed on collected samples using bomb calorimeter andDulong’s formula. The average heating values obtained from the experimental analysis were 17,001kJ/kg. The energy content obtained from the elemental composition of waste using Dulong’s formulawas 16,853 kJ/kg. These results indicate that it could be possible to generate 8.7 MW of power from thesolid waste composition represented by the sample; it is a good potential to alleviating the powershortage and interruption problems in the city. The results of this study could be used for designconsiderations in the selection and establishment of waste to energy technology in Mekelle city.

There are a lot of different discharge regulations that ships have to follow but there is no general way to collect this information for the cruise ship companies. One company, Holland American Group, have created a matrix where they have stored all information regarding dispatch regulations, which they collect manually. As regulations have become stricter and more specific for different areas at sea it has caused the matrix to grow vastly, making working with the matrix tedious. The project aims to investigate how the information in the matrix is presented to the user. The ambition is to find alternative ways to work with the matrix to improve efficiency in order to reduce the time it takes to work with it. While also being able to create dispatch schedules for itineraries which prevent non-compliant discharges from the vessels.

The problem is to present information in a different manor, today the information lays inside an Excel spreadsheet which has grown significantly and is therefore no longer manageable in its present format. A solution, to create a planning tool which assists crew members who work with planning each itinerary’s dispatches, has been suggested. Two different designs are presented, one with inspiration from apps and another inspired by traditional computer programs. The work process and solutions are based on concepts and theories from large industrial systems and sustainability as the main perspective. Therefore, the solutions are motivated with methods commonly used in creating, developing and maintaining industrial production with the aim to create a new sustainable system from such perspective.

The aim with this thesis work has been to evaluate a simulation tool for 1D-analysis of tolerancechains,

followed by a comparison with the current method to calculate tolerance-chains in 1D

with spreadsheets in Excel. The simulation tool is named EZtol and has existed for one and a half

year. The thesis work has been carried out on assignment from Scania CV AB. The company

wanted us to evaluate if the software could replace the current method. The thesis work has

been carried out during 10 weeks and was divided in three main sections: Education in terms of

a web-course and internal course, simulation of different tolerance-chains in the software as

well as calculations in the spreadsheet and finally make a scientific report based on the thesis

work.

The essay is divided in six chapters. The first chapter describes the background, aim and

purpose of the thesis work. The second chapter describes how the situation of tolerance-chain

calculations looks today, which has shown that there is a certain need of a software. The

designers were interviewed so that the thesis workers could establish what the spreadsheet

could not fulfill, which was graphic visualization of tolerance-chains and also a list with the

contributions of all tolerances. The third chapter describes the theories that have been used for

this thesis work. The theories are Tutorial in EZtol, Fundamental facts about tolerances and

tolerance‐chains and Simulation and CATIA V5.

In the fifth chapter the results of this thesis work are featured, which are presented as

advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages with the software are graphic visualization

of the tolerance-chains as well as a list that shows the contributions of every tolerance. The

primary disadvantage though is that the software cannot handle long and more complicated

tolerance-chains. Which has led to the conclusion that the thesis workers do not recommend the

software to Scania at present time. Scanias requirements cannot be fulfilled with the software

because it has not been able to handle all of Scanias tolerance-chains. But since the EZtol concept

is good the software is estimated to potentially fulfill Scanias needs in a few years. A

recommendation is that the software ought to be reexamined in the future.

Due to Internet, the IT industry have seen rapid changes and to compete in the digital work, the organizations need more vigilance than ever before to respond to market changes and customer needs. Some organizations have opted to go agile to be more efficient in their software development but still deploying agile methodology and reaping its fruits further needs more research and empirical evidence.This research is a case study to evaluate the deployment of agile methodology in Easypark and explore its efficiency focusing on their structure and organization. Certain criterions are chosen to evaluate software development efficiency against that and to analyse what the deployment in the organization has led to.The method chosen for this study is a case study, where the empirical data is gathered through semi structured, and qualitative interviews from five senior employees in Easypark. The responses were analysed and reviewed under the light of theoretical background to elaborate the research question.The results of this case study revealed that efficiency in general have greatly been improved after adopting agile methods in Easypark and the core contributor is the permanent teams for different projects. There have been quite a few complications to deploy agile and that must be taken into consideration when other organizations plan to adopt agile methodologies.

There is an ongoing, extensive move towards renewable energy sources in order to reduce negative effects caused by greenhouse gases. Sweden aims to be completely fossil free by 2045. Bio jet fuel, jet fuel produced from biomass, is the only plausible renewable alternative for aviation with today's technology. Sweden has a good supply of potential feedstock for production of bio jet fuel from its forest industry.

Five certified production routes were charted and analysed through literature studies and interviews with experts from the aviation and fuel field. Prerequisites, opportunities, challenges and drivers associated with bio jet fuel production were identified. The production routes were analysed with the help of a Pugh-matrix, they were compared to each other by factors that were deemed relevant. The analysis indicated that the routes Alcohol to Jet and Fischer Tropsch were most suitable for Swedish conditions, in large part due to the possibility of using forest products as feedstock.

Certification processes and certified bio jet fuel were identified. New bio jet fuels have go through arigouros certification process and meet high set standards in order to be certified by the standard ASTM D7566. The certification process for bio jet fuels turned out to be an internationally agreed upon process that a coalition of OEM (Original Equipment Manufactures), airlines, authorities etc. agreed upon to be the standard for certification of future bio jet fuel.

Which steps are required to approve aircraft in Sweden's armed forces for use with bio jet fuel were investigated. It was found that it is up to the OEM to decide if an aircraft is approved to run on bio jet fuel.

Due to higher costs associated with production of jet fuel from biomass than from crude oil, clear policies and long term legislation are fundamental for success. Access too sufficient sustainable feedstock and effective supply chains are example of challenges that need to be addressed. The possibility of using damaged forest that would otherwise go to waste is one opportunity with bio jet fuel production.

This is a report that aims to map qualified suppliers to Aqua‐Nova. The company's organization is small and consists of five employees. It is therefore a challenge to sell new projects, monitor production and care for customer relations and at the same time conduct development projects. The work is based on a technical report obtained by Aqua‐Nova. The report investigates a possible optimization of the distillation process using ejector technology.

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the most suitable subcontractor of ejectors for Aqua‐Nova. The purpose was to also answer the four detailed objectives.

• What advantages and disadvantages are created by introducing an ejector into the system?

• What customer benefits does an ejector provide?

• What requirements are placed on the technology to work together with Aqua‐Nova's current system?

• What requirements are placed on suppliers in terms of competence, delivery ability and price?

Through Google searches, examination of Achema industrial fair and through interviews, eleven suppliers were found who met the requirements specification. With Pugh and Kesselring matrices, a two‐step screening process was performed. The British company Transvac Systems Ltd. got the highest score in both screenings and is thus considered the most suitable supplier. 

The screening process was supplemented by a competition analysis, a risk analysis and an interview to answer the detailed objectives. The competition analysis aims to investigate the pros and cons of the development project and shows that Aqua‐Nova can increase its market share by differentiating the product. The focus should be on the markets where cooling water is a scarce commodity and the companies that suffer from space shortages. The customer benefits become a more environmentally friendly and profitable product. The risk analysis shows whether there is a risk of implementing new technology in Aqua‐Nova's system. Based on the result, the risk of the ejector causing a downtime is minimal. The interview shows that a supplier must be able to deliver tailor‐made ejectors and how the ejector should be designed to work in the Aqua‐Nova system.

The result can be considered credible since the screening process was performed in two steps. The risk and competition analysis give a representation of the challenges the company can face with the development project.

The result ought to be supplemented by a cost analysis and developing of a test facility to ensure profitability and a functional product.

A focus on continuous improvement has led Scania to review the degree of automation of their quality controls in their transmission department. According to the theory, an automated inspection should increase reliability and reduce the number of deviations that go on to the customer. In the thesis work it was investigated whether it is possible to automate today's quality controls and what the possible risks and consequences will be as a result of replacing the current manual inspection. With these conditions it was decided to collect data using a qualitative method including interviews, company contact, literature search and study visits. The data collection resulted in contact with four companies, where one of whom could meet the quality requirements that were set.

Processes make up the foundation for a company’s capability of producing, whether it is physical products or services. For IVL Swedish Environmental Institute AB to be able to optimize itself internally, process control needs to be implemented instead of traditional line control. Therefore, this project had the goal to research KPIs and control forms that are applicable within the processes from aquality-, time- and cost perspective.

Primary data for this report was collected using interviews with Group Managers and members of the Management, while secondary data was collected using literature studies. For the interviews, reliability and validation were considered. Literature studies have taken publication dates-, relevance and subjectareas into account upon studying.

The project processes at IVL Swedish Environmental Institute AB consists of three main processes: ”Sales Process”, ”Accomplishing and Delivering” and ”Concluding and Evaluating”. Results from the primary data show that all KPIs and forms of control occur on a general level. However, for process control there is a need for KPIs and forms of control on a subprocess-level.

It is possible to achieve process control on a subprocess-level with assistance from the newly implemented CRM-System Salesforce, within the Sales-process and Concluding and Evaluating process. It was also discovered that the Accomplishing and Delivering process is lacking an unambiguous Project Management System. From a quality-, time- and cost perspective, such a system delivers increased internal project efficiency and a basis for data-collection for KPIs and understanding for the processes. In-total, 17 KPIs and 2 forms of control were recommended, which act as a foundation for improved customer relations, continuous improvement and as tools within decision models.

Final recommendations for further studies are to initialize a pilot study for an unambiguous Project Management System. Furthermore, the topic of frequency of measurement is a matter that needs to bediscussed internally, where a recommendation is made for IVL Swedish Environmental Institute AB toset a target value to measure and control on a weekly basis.

Arvid Nordquist HAB roasts, grinds and package coffee in their factory in Solna, Stockholm. It has come to light, following the installation of software (RS production) for production and operation management, that the number of short stops (“Mikrostopp”, lasting for 2 minutes or less) sometimes is very high. The main goal of this project was therefore to examine what the most frequent causes for stops in the “Mikrostopp” category and to try to produce solutions and action plans. Another goal was to examine if the categories for stops in RS Production are relevant. To reach the goals following questions were asked:

• Can the operators describe the reality with the categories that are available in RS Production today?
• What are the main causes for stops in the category “Mikrostopp”?
• What measures can be taken to reduce the downtime related to causes for stoppages in the categories “Mikrostopp”, “Felorsak okänd” and “Orsak Övrigt”?

Data was collected from RS Production, observations, a survey and discussions with operators and technicians. The three most common causes for stops are change of silo and packets getting stuck or falling. The analysis shows that stops are evenly distributed over the working shifts. The weekend shifts had fewer stops when the total number of stops for each type of shift was compared. When number of stops per working hour was calculated, the night shift had the highest number. Eco, Kok and Festivita had the highest number of stops when number of stops per kind and tonne of packaged coffee was analysed. The downtime related to micro stops can be reduced with the help of buffers. In addition to the Mikrostopp category, the categories named Felorsak okänd and Orsak övrigt were studied. These categories were used in an analogous way, and the survey showed that how and when Felorsak okänd were to be used was perceived differently between operators. Both “Felorsak okänd” and “Orsak övrigt” were used even though there were other fitting categories in RS Production for the stop. One reason for this could be that the operator did not categorize the stop until later. Another reason could be that they did not know where to find a more suitable categoryor did not care to look. The solution to this problem is simply to merge these two categories and use as one

The components of shipyard production systems can be classified into products, processes, facilities, space, humans, and schedules. The production capacity of a shipyard may vary depending on how they are operated. Particularly in the case of ships, it is important to efficiently utilize the limited space because they have large blocks, which are semi-finished products made during the shipbuilding process. To efficiently utilize the space, the locations of blocks must be determined taking various factors into consideration when arranging them in the workshop or stock area. This problem can be described as a spatial arrangement problem. However, as the items with fixed arrival dates and departure dates occupy the space for certain periods before being released from shipyards, this problem must be approached from the perspective of a spatial arrangement planning problem for certain periods and not as a simple spatial arrangement problem. In this study, various shipyard spatial arrangement planning problems are classified and defined based on arrangement areas, arrangement items, algorithms, and evaluation factors. In addition, taking the increasing sizes of shipyard blocks into consideration, evaluation factors and algorithms are proposed so that the shape of the free space and the characteristics of unplaced blocks can be considered in the spatial arrangement planning problems of large blocks. The performances of the proposed evaluation factors and algorithms were verified using block data generated by analyzing existing shipyard data product information. The proposed algorithm performed better than the existing algorithm for spatial arrangement planning problems of large blocks. However, the performance of the proposed algorithm was not significantly different from the existing algorithm when the size of the arrangement item was relatively small compared with the arrangement area.

In recent years, shipyards have conducted various studies to accurately investigate their production capacities and improve the accuracy of their production plans. Nevertheless, frequent delays in schedules inevitably occur at production sites. Simulation-based techniques are used in various fields to solve similar problems, especially those related to predicting loads on facilities and upgrading production planning by considering various constraints. Process-centric simulation modeling techniques are used in shipyards because the shipbuilding process has different characteristics from the general manufacturing process. Conventional resource-oriented modeling techniques are inadequate to construct a simulation model to analyze the logistical behavior of shipyards. In this study, a process-oriented simulation modeling method is applied and improved through the identification and development of additional modules needed to simulate the behavior of shipyard logistics. The core of the simulation is improved using a logistic token that can analyze the physical movement effected by each process. Moreover, such process modeling modules as the geographic information system, the route search module, and the spatial arrangement module are developed and integrated into one solution.

The aim of this project is to calculate the maximum capacity and limitations with AstraZeneca's waste water system for their facility in Snäckviken, Södertälje. The project group chose to calculate both the maximum capacity for material strength as well as the maximum capacity for the flow in the pipe system. In order to calculate the maximum flow capacity, the project group used data that included pipe sections between wells in the pipe system as well as pump data. To obtain the maximum capacity for the material strength, the group compared the worst possible scenario, meaning the standard that corresponded to the case when the wall thickness were the thinnest for the pipes. This was compared to the theoretical yield strength of the pipe material with a safety factor to see if the material strength of the pipe system would be a limiting factor for Astrazeneca's pipe system. The result was that pump station 385 at present is not a bottleneck for the flow in the system according to Appendix 1. The pump in this station has a capacity of 27.8 liters per second. Thus, no higher flow than this can get into the buffer pool for longer than it takes to fill the pool. The first well has previously been problematic and, according to the group's calculations, can handle 42.1 liters per second. It is thus important to stay strictly below this and to include a safety margin so as not to risk the well overflowing. This is the maximum capacity for the flow out of the first well according to the calculations made based on the group's assumptions and delimitations. In building 334, the flow is pressurized with a pump that pumps out the liquid into the system. At present, normalflow from this building is 13.1 liters per second. Given the flow in this building, the ivtension built up in steel pipes (1) is 1.24%, steel pipes (2) is 4.38% and PE pipes (3) is 47.6% of the respective pipe material yield strength. In the gravity based pipes, the pressure in the worst scenario is 24.5 kPa which is asignificantly lower pressure than what is built up at the beginning of pipe section 3 (PEpipe) which was 120 kPa. For this reason, the gravity based pipes are not considered a risk factor for material strength. The conclusion of this is that the material strength ofthe pipes are not considered to be a limiting factor for AstraZeneca's pipe system.

Early simulations focused mainly on virtualizing the shipyard itself and the approach in terms of production management that focuses on improving productivity was hardly sufficient. For systematically approaching shipyard production problems, to which the dynamics between various factors are applied, this study uses the shipyard simulation information model to explain the six factors, which are the input variables of the shipyard production system simulation. Then, the objective or output variable is set up as the key performance index (KPI) by aligning the interests from an enterprise perspective. The output variable, KPI, is generally expressed as a function of functions of the input variables, namely a functional. To evaluate the value of the functional, a computational method in the form of a simulation is used. The process-centric simulation is adopted as it is appropriate for the shipyard production system simulation, which is an engineered-to-order industry, and it is easy to implement the concept of dynamic resolution. According to this methodology, we present a simulation application that focuses on the fabrication shop of a shipyard.

The productivity of a shipyard depends on how efficiently and systematically its limited resources are managed and used. Korean shipyards, the most competitive in the world, have developed and operate their own production management systems to attain high productivity, each of which reflects the unique characteristics of a specific company. Recently, research on simulation methods to enhance production management systems has been gaining popularity. Production management based on simulations rejects decision-making based on experience and intuition and values the establishment of improvement methods based on quantitative and concrete data. In this article, simulation is applied to the work plan as part of the production planning in shipyards. To this end, the work planning processes and planning systems are analyzed. Based on this analysis, a simulation model and application system are suggested. By using the results obtained in this study, it is expected that shipyards can construct cycles for establishing, simulating, and analyzing work plans, enabling the establishment of more precise production plans.

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze how small and medium sized enterprises, SME, from Sweden worked with industrialization of new products in their production systems and how SME worked with digitalization and sustainability in connection to the industrialization process. A qualitative study was conducted which included nine interviews with respondents from seven companies. Simultaneously a literature study on industrialization was conducted and the results from the interviews were compared and analyzed with the theory. The results showed that all the studied companies worked with industrialization in a similar fashion, that the companies had a similar approach to sustainability, and that there were differences in how the companies worked with digitalization. Some of the studied companies saw great opportunities, and some described that digitalization were not particularly useful. The study concluded that there were areas of improvement and gave suggestions on how to improve the industrialization process.

The ways of coping with the complexity of implementing lean production in Multinational Corporation diverge. Successful knowledge transfer within corporations’ network of production plants is of major importance. One way to roll out programs with changes rapidly is through top management commitment. The paper reports from an industrial case study exploring the characteristics, as well as issues and success factors, of a roll-out program to implement a standard. Important factors were identified, such as early involvement of stakeholders, type of knowledge transferred, involvement at both group and individual level, and to secure external deliveries prior to initiation of the program.

In human-robot collaborative manufacturing, industrial robot is required to dynamically change its pre-programmed tasks and collaborate with human operators at the same workstation. However, traditional industrial robot is controlled by pre-programmed control codes, which cannot support the emerging needs of human-robot collaboration. In response to the request, this research explored a deep learning-based multimodal robot control interface for human-robot collaboration. Three methods were integrated into the multimodal interface, including voice recognition, hand motion recognition, and body posture recognition. Deep learning was adopted as the algorithm for classification and recognition. Human-robot collaboration specific datasets were collected to support the deep learning algorithm. The result presented at the end of the paper shows the potential to adopt deep learning in human-robot collaboration systems.

Measuring how efficiently activities and processes are performed to identify improvement pointsis both difficult and complex for a research and development department. The possibilities of improvement are related to how well the employees are inclined to convey experiences of the processes, what could have been done differently to shorten the sub-processes within the department but also cross-functional.

The execution of the thesis project has been based at Scania Technical Center’s department for transmission development. The focus has been on, by mapping the test process and its activities, carrying out a case study between previously performed documentation and an ongoing case to see if similar problems are repeated and thus pointing out that no improvement have been implemented since the previous version of gearboxes.

By analyzing causes that determine test objects not being used effectively, the authors evaluated whether a common work method was lacking and whether implementing standardized working methods could lead to reduced lead times and ensure that information would not disappear in the process.

A current situation survey was carried out through interviews and observations in order to analyze and clarify during the processing how approaches in equal activities between groups differ.

The result of the case study formed a framework to define the relations to the test objects value added-, non-value-added but necessary- and non-value-added activities. This is to enable future measurability of the test objects effective utilization when the definition has not previously been completed. The definitions are in relation to the theory of waste but are adapted to the test objects in consultation with Scania employees. From the study, the authors could, with the help of dedicated staff, point out deficiencies in and between the test process activities.

This thesis degree project has been submitted for the degree program in Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Business Administration and Manufacturing, at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Sustainable Production Development. The study has been carried out on behalf of Alfa Laval AB, Business Unit GPHE, during the spring term 2019.

The goal of this thesis has been to perform a survey of interests in the digital ecosystem, identify customer needs and market players in the field of predictive maintenance and connected products, along with suggesting on possible business models. Alfa Laval’s expectations have been to receive anover view of the currently emerging digital ecosystem and that the project should support the fulfillment of customer needs.

Interviews and research of stakeholders have been central methods during the implementation. In the project an investigation was made of different companies to design a mapping model. The study included in-person interviews with market players and end customers to support the survey on cases in which connectivity creates customer value and also to get an overview of strategies used by different market players in digitization. The literature studies have covered topics regarding Internet of Things, Connectivity, Industry 4.0, predictive maintenance and business modelling.

The result has shown that the most common customer needs are asset status monitoring, predictive maintenance, higher productivity and others, all of which are related to the customer’s desire of achieving cost reduction. For the digital ecosystem, it can be stated that the current situation is fragmented and that there is a constant emergence of new solutions with quick implementations and new players trying to position themselves in the market. The study also shows that connectivity contributes to the development of new types of services, thus causing an increased need of implementation of new service-oriented business models with new revenue streams based on subscriptions.

The aim of this thesis was to develop a concept for a furniture-set that fits in with the preschools of the future, as well as to deliver CAD models and manufacturing documentation. According to a quantitative definition, this furniture should be able to promote the learning ability of the user, regarding function, safety, and accessibility.

The task was started at Furnea's initiative to enter the furniture market in central Sweden and the Stockholm area with a new product that can meet the needs that are characterized by future sustainable preschools.

The work was done in four different phases; planning, fact collection, implementation, and analysis.

During the planning phase, structuring and methodology of the entire work was established.

In the fact-finding phase, literature studies were conducted regarding educational orientations, environment, safety, ergonomics, and materials. Interviews of pre-school educators regarding the current use of tables in the preschool, and on companies concerning furniture manufacturing and preschools, were also conducted.

The implementation phase uses the collected data to create a functional analysis and requirement specification for the furniture design, and then come up with a concept on the furniture. The phase also includes constructing the concepts with CAD and 3D printing.

Analyses were used to bring out the concept that best meets the user's needs and modify the concept to the result. For this purpose, screening matrices, simulation programs for making strength calculations, and DFMEA, an error cause analysis for product development, were used.

The result of this work is presented with figures and descriptions of the furniture.

Dosis® is a digital pill box from Victrix AB which has a built in computer unit that can be set to remind patients of when it’s time to take their medicine through alarm, voice messages and vibrations. To adapt Dosis® for patients with cognitive dysfunctions Victrix AB wants to implement an automated locking system. The locking system is supposed to prevent patients from opening pill compartments outside of the pre-set time for medication. By doing this Victrix AB hopes to decrease the risk of these patience overdosing.

This work is focused on producing a basis from which an automated locking system could be designed. The function of the locking system was broken down into sub functions, making it possible to strategically develop new solutions. Through a morphological schedule chosen concept fragments where combined from all sub functions to finally produce six potential solutions.

Digitalization has gained increased attention in society as well as in various industries as a consequence of the development of new technology that drives growth ahead. Today’s technology has an impact in people’s everyday life and will also affect corporations that operate in all sorts of industries, but especially the manufacturing industry whose industry is undergoing a digital transformation called Industry 4.0. This paper investigates the challenges and opportunities that exist with the introduction and implementation of 5G technologies in manufacturing industries. The method in this study is a qualitative study where four interviews have been held with two companies form the user side, Scania and AstraZeneca,and two companies from the development side, Ericsson and H&D Wireless. In addition to this, a literature search was made to develop a theoretical foundation as well as an observation at Scania Smart Factory Lab to examine the development environment and to see the potential use of the technology.

The results from the qualitative study and the literature search showed that there is an opportunity of a more stable availability with cellular technology. It is expected to deliver a high and even level, and is thus more reliable compared to Wi-Fi, which can have high peaks and low bottoms. Furthermore, there is the possibility of a better data flow in form of higher speed as well as a larger amount of data that can be handled. For the RTLS application that H&D Wireless has developed, there is a possibility of improved precision location with 5G. The interviewees see similar challenges when it comes to development and implementation, including the adaption of equipment and tools, a knowledge gap between developers and users, and the development of a 5G standard.

The results show that companies that develop services and applications are far ahead in the value chain and are dependent on the users investments in the technology and infrastructure, while these are not involved in constructing the 5G standard. In addition, improved availability means that the technology has great use in monitoring equipment and critical processes, but may be competing with new versions of Wi-Fi if the technology acquires performance improvements.

Skaltek develops and manufactures equipment for cable management. One of their product segments concerns the unwinding and take-up of cable on reels used in manufacturing and rewinding lines. Cables can be everything from thin single conductors in electronics to ocean cables between continents. The production of cables is made in several stages where each step consists of rolling the cable from a reel and after the process taking it up on a new one for the next step in the production or for further rewinding to smaller customized reels.

In order to accommodate as much cable as possible on the reel and avoid crossing that can create problems in further handling; a structured dense lay is sought. Due to reasons mainly dependent on the characteristics of different cables, it is difficult to obtain this structured arrangement without the risk of the cable climbing up on previous turns. The solution is then to lay the cable with a couple of mm distance (gap) between the turns and accept an unstructured layering. Accepted will then be that the desired length of cable will fit and lie reasonably flat over the drum.

Skaltek's interest lies in offering functions that improve the possibility of a structured laying for the customer. The work has been aimed at mapping errors, its causes and the effect of them and, on this basis, developing a concept that can improve the laying of cables on reels by reducing the number of errors that occur during the take-up.

This report is the result of a bachelor thesis within the area of mechanical engineering, management and production at the Royal Institute of Technology. The study was conducted at the defense and security company BAE Systems Hägglunds AB in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. The study has been conducted on location which has been essential for the feasibility of the study. The assignment and the goals of which it should accomplish, as well as within which boundaries has been assigned by the section for Prototype and Hulls (Swedish P & S). Set goals include mapping the fault effects which occurs when process times doesn’t match that of which has been planned and assigned for specific work orders, methods for feedback between the workshop and ERP-systemfor more accurate future processes. As well as methods for calculation of process times for all components in a batch since the first ones tend to require more time.

The section of Prototype and Hulls produce and delivers hull components for all of BAE Systems Hägglunds families of vehicles. It’s necessary for the vehicles to continuously being developed due to customers’ demands for them to be able to compete on the global market. As a result the manufacturing of prototype components is essential for the company’s ability to gain customers, which is why it’s up most important to beingable to deliver prototype components for R & D rapidly. The section for Prototype and Hulls lacks standardized methods for the production preparing and planning. This results in components that are too expensive and late. In a long term this means that employees doesn’t trust the ability of the business and in some cases, develops local improvements, putting the company at risk of developing sub optimizations.

The study discusses the fault effects discovered by the mapping process, which is being described as a result of not using standard methods. The study recommends BAE Systems Hägglunds to implement a standardized method towards the NC-programming where the programming is conducted before the preparer creates a work order. Since BAE Systems Hägglunds wants to calculate the required time for all componentsin a work order the study recommends intercommunication between different sections to exchange experience and work methods with each other.

This report covers the concept production of the mounts for a rear wing of a Formula Student racecar. A structural analysis was also executed of the whole wing. KTH Formula Student’s aerodynamical group requested that this would be done since this part would be better done if it was to be done by someone who inherits better mechanical knowledge.

The first part of the development process was to study the mounts for different types of racecars, and to later do an evaluation matrix to find the best suitable concept. A further development of the chosen concept was later done, by also performing more evaluation matrix’s that covered material, attachment and manufacturing. Studying literature was essential for this process.

Finally, the mounts for the rear wing was designed whilst also performing numerous structural analyses in order to optimize the results. It was essentially the results of the analyses that shaped the final design of the whole wing.

During recent years Sweden has seen a significant increase in the number of newly registered companies. This trend is also evident in the manufacturing industry. Concurrently, a significant part of these manufacturing start-ups file for bankruptcy within three years. Due to the challenges the ramp-up process, completing this phase is sometimes compared to crossing “the Valley of Death”. A common strategy for the ramp-up process is to use a contract manufacturer for the company’s production. These contract manufacturers are often located abroad and this results in consequences for the company, as well as lost production opportunities for Sweden.

This study aims at identifying the main reasons why companies decide to locate their production abroad and to examine the current situation on the Swedish start-up scene. Furthermore, the purpose of this study to identify the challenges that start-ups face inrelation to ramping up their hardware production. An examination of how start-ups can tackle these challenges and which support they need in order to facilitate the ramp-upprocesses will be made. The method used in this study has a qualitative approach where several in-depth interviews has been carried out in order to collect data. Both start-ups and experts with documented experience in the hardware production area has been interviewed.

The result of this study shows that a central challenge in the ramp-up process is a lack of production-related knowledge. This deficit is evident in numerous of the additional challenges that has been identified. These challenges are categorised as finance, marketan alysis and pilot study, competence within production and building a team, prototype development, understanding of the production processes and supplier and manufacturers. These challenges were handled with some variation between the different companies. The study provides a number of solutions and suggestions of actions that can facilitate the rampup process for hardware start-ups. The development of a support function with the purpose to pass on knowledge and work as a sounding board in production-related questions will help start-ups tackle many of the identified challenges. Furthermore, engineering students may provide support in the development and later become a source for recruitment to the company. Finally, a service that clarifies available capacity in existing manufacturing and supplier resources would shorten the gap between the manufacturers or the suppliers andthe start-up.

This thesis evaluates the product to product changeover process of the line S10 at the Coca-Cola European Partners manufacturing plant in Jordbro, Sweden. The target has been to propose improvements to reduce the total planned downtime by 10%. The total planned downtime in March of 2019 was 4449 minutes. Secondary data has been used to identify the current situation. A study visit took place at the Coca-Cola European partners manufacturing facility in Dongen, the Netherlands, to serveas inspiration. Single Minute Exchange of Dye (SMED) methodology was applied to improve the most frequent planned downtime event (PDT event), which was performed 22 times during March of 2019 at an average of 72,8 minutes. The theoretical improvement for PDT event CIP programme 1, by applying SMED methodology, is estimated to roughly 16 minutes. This theoretically saves 8% of the total planned downtime for March of 2019. The same solutions from the SMED methodology could be applied to other PDT events, which would increase the number of events from 22 to 27. This would theoretical save 9,6 % of planned downtime for March of 2019.

The process flow between Stålverket (Steelwork) and Valsverket (Rolling mill) at SSAB in Oxelösund has been mapped and analysed over the liability and delivery limit. A clear picture of the total process flow was missing at the start of the work. The purpose of the work is to contribute to a more efficient flow by examining the possibilities available to streamline production flow. The approach has been to identify the current process flow and describe possible alternatives for a more efficient flow, considering quality, capacity and energy consumption. The focus has been on describing possibilities and potential in proposed options without describing the technical implementation. The work process of carrying out the assignment has meant spending time at SSAB where round trips, meetings, interviews and studies have helped to create a clear picture of the current situation. Data has been analysed and given lessons about how reality looks and what effects proposed solutions will give.

During the process of the study, it has been found that there is already a problem that tends to become increasingly serious, namely the cutting of the fracture-sensitive substances. This problem became the focus area in this report where proposals for possible solutions are presented and discussed. One conclusion that can be drawn is that a parallel flow with are placed/ automated process would contribute to a more efficient flow.