Background: The concept of distributed leadership has been addressed in previous research, but few studies link their analysis to current and comparative empirical studies on processes and conditions enabling or hindering the development of distributed leadership. This specific study aims to identify and analyze mechanisms that enable or hinder the development of distributed leadership among employees in eldercare.

Methods: This is a case study based on six specific workplaces in eldercare in Sweden in different ways aiming to work toward an organization that emphasizes trust and distribution of power. A realistic evaluation framework was used to understand the different workplace program theories regarding distributed leadership. Key mechanisms and how they interact with contextual factors in each case were analyzed. Comparative analyses were performed, identifying key processes in terms of realizing distributed leadership.

Results: Analyzing the program theories in the respective cases showed that they have different orientations influenced by different motives for distributed leadership, which also interact with how distributed leadership was manifested and realized. The results point specifically to the importance of the mechanism formalization processes, participatory approaches to implementation, vertical sense-making, and horizontal sense-making for the development of distributed leadership.

Conclusions: The result points to that regardless of the path for achieving distributed leadership adopted by the various workplaces studied, the common denominator for those succeeding in distributing leadership is the development of a relational agency based on shared visions, a shared understanding of roles, and responsibilities, a learning approach and a dialogue-oriented relationship between management and employees. Another critical aspect is having sufficient resources to make taking on more responsibilities attractive.

Background: Employees often change and adapt work to increase the fit of their own goals and needs, and resources and demands in work. Crafting a job in this manner can promote well-being at work.

Objective: This study aims to explore different job crafting strategies that healthcare employees engage in to increase their perceived well-being at work and the motives behind these strategies.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 healthcare employees, including one dental nurse, assistant and registered nurses, and occupational therapists. Interview data was analysed thematically.

Results: The informants in this study all engaged in crafting strategies that were derived from more than one of four emerging motives. These motives were to craft for their development, for a common good, for meaningfulness in work, and to craft for manageability. Crafting strategies within the different motives included adding tasks beyond the clinical work, developing relations for collaboration with colleagues from other healthcare professions, involving patients when planning their daily work, and developing templates to optimize work. One other strategy to make work more manageable was to choose, at times, to craft less or to not craft at all.

Conclusions: Job crafters engaged in different crafting strategies, derived from different motives, which seem to change depending on their current work-, and personal situation. Even though an inner drive for development seemed to overcome constraining working contexts, it is suggested that health-promoting job crafting should be organized through the promotion of ideas and employee-driven initiatives, as well as through cross-professional collaboration.

Purpose – This study aims to explore how teams adapt their work practices including identifying key factors influencing the team’s group learning process and exploring how team mangers adapt their strategies to support group learning processes during the rapid transition to new ways of working. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used a qualitative interactive design where researchers facilitated three workshops during 2021–2023 within seven selected work teams, where participants shared experiences related to the transition to remote work. Interviews with the team managers (n = 7) and a final cross-organizational workshop were held to summarize insights gained and potential changes in how the work was organized. Workshop field notes and interviews were analysed thematically using directed content analysis. Findings – Key factors influencing group learning processes were: adaptation to individual flexibility in time and space, restructuring of communication and relations and organizational culture for learning and continuous improvement. The first two themes reflected factors influencing the learning processes within the teams. Managers adapted strategies to facilitate socialization through individualized support and expectations in the first theme, while supporting the group learning processes and enabling externalization of the learning process in the second theme. The third theme reflects how the embedded strategies and policies by upper management shaped the learning conditions for both teams and their managers. Originality/value – This study contributes to how knowledge-creation processes are influenced and shaped within teams during times of radical change and unplanned changes. Additionally, it reveals how a culture of trust from upper management is essential to provide time and space for the cyclical development of knowledge-creation processes.

PURPOSE: As the group of technology-dependent children with long-term tracheostomy continues to expand, we aimed to explore parents' lived experience of everyday life with a child dependent on long-term tracheostomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six parents of four children were interviewed and the transcripts analyzed using Giorgi's descriptive phenomenology.

RESULTS: All aspects of everyday life, parent-child interaction, and interaction with the surrounding outside world were affected by technology dependency. Parents played an active role by acting both as a protective shield between the outside world and the child and as an enabling bridge to help the child interact with the outside world. The active and involved role of parents is interwoven in all aspects, levels, and directions of interaction and everyday life. The lived experiences can be described in four themes: caution and risk awareness due to technology, meeting the demands of technology dependence, strained and constrained by technology dependence, and conflicted feelings about technology dependence.

CONCLUSIONS: Long-term tracheostomy and technology-dependency affect and shape everyday life. Practical implications from the study suggest that re-design and co-design between all stakeholders involved are needed to support parental well-being, coping and enhance patient safety for this growing population and their parents.

In this article, work in Swedish pharmacies is examined. With the Nordic concept of co-workership as a frame, the aim is to examine how employees in pharmacies view and handle their work situations and the reasons behind them. Data were mainly collected with 20 qualitative semistructured interviews in five different pharmacies. The data were organized and analyzed by using the content analysis process. In the studied pharmacies, it can be summarized as work was carried out in a self-propelled way. Employees take an overall responsibility for the workplace, have ambition to help others and to be a part of a good team, while most of the work is carried out individually and independently.

In this article, work in Swedish pharmacies is examined. With the Nordic concept of co-workership as a frame, the aim is to examine how employees in pharmacies view and handle their work situations and the reasons behind them. Data were mainly collected with 20 qualitative semistructured interviews in five different pharmacies. The data were organized and analyzed by using the content analysis process. In the studied pharmacies, it can be summarized as work was carried out in a self-propelled way. Employees take an overall responsibility for the workplace, have ambition to help others and to be a part of a good team, while most of the work is carried out individually and independently.

BackgroundCommunity pharmacies in Sweden merge a state-funded professional community service with a retail business. While previous research has recognized its challenges, less attention has been paid to the potential conflict of interest it could result in regarding the work of pharmacists. This study aims to increase understanding of how pharmacists in Sweden combine their healthcare ambitions and obligations with those concerning being employees in a retail business.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 pharmacists employed by pharmacy chains in Sweden. The data were thematically analysed.ResultsIn the analysis, three themes were formulated: Different interests, The conflict between professional work & business work, and Strategies to manage the conflicts. The analysis of the data reveals that pharmacists in Sweden experience a conflict of interest. They grapple with balancing being healthcare professionals with a focus on patient care and being valued retail employees that also focus on financial results. This conflict manifests in various situations, such as time management, communication focus, preferred behaviours, and different tasks. The different strategies applied by individual pharmacists to manage the work are results of job crafting. Pharmacists employ strategies such as compromise, mandate stretching, avoidance, and acceptance to manage the conflict. However, these strategies lead to compromises in their work.ConclusionThis study aimed to understand how pharmacists combine their healthcare ambitions and obligations with those of being employees in a retail business. The study demonstrated that Swedish community pharmacists need to perform a juggling act to be both professional healthcare workers and viewed as valuable retail employees. In situations when the conflict of interest occurs, the pharmacists use different strategies when determining how to prioritize between the professional work and the business work. The conflict of interest in the pharmacists' work need to be taken into consideration when discussing pharmacists practices, the profession, or role it's in the healthcare system.

Introduction A growing number of parents are navigating parenthood influenced by medical complexity and technological dependency as the group of children with long-term tracheostomy grows. However, little is known regarding the parental experiences of parenthood for this heterogeneous group of children now surviving through infancy and intensive care.Objective This study aimed to analyze how parents of children who have received a tracheostomy adapted to parenthood.Methods Interviews were conducted and analyzed following a constructivist grounded theory approach. Ten parents of seven children living with a tracheostomy in Sweden were recruited via the long-term intensive care unit (ICU).Results The core variable of parenthood "Stuck in survival" was explained by two categories and six subcategories. The category "Unaddressed previous history" describes the experiences from being in the ICU environment and how the parents are not able, due to insufficient time and resources, to address these stressful experiences. The category "Falling through the cracks of a rigid system" describes how the parents found themselves and their children to be continuously ill-fitted in a medical system impossible to adapt to their needs and situation. Parents placed the starting point of parenthood with the birth of the child, whilst the tracheotomy only constituted a turning point and would lead to the loss of any previously held expectations regarding parenthood.Conclusion This study identified a previously undescribed period prior to tracheostomy placement, which may have long-lasting effects on these families. The care provided in ICUs following the birth of a child who will require tracheostomy may not be tailored or adapted to accommodate the needs of these families leading to long-lasting effects on parenthood.