This paper presents the application of zero velocity detectors in the field of indoor positioning for industrial tightening tools particularly in tandem with an extended Kalman filter to achieve reliable estimates in position. Inertial measurement units are promising devices to use in positioning systems. Data has been collected from IMU while moving in a predefined trajectory on a tightening test rig and post-processed in MATLAB using the implemented algorithms and the results are presented. They indicate that the error accumulation can be effectively controlled to 25 cm/min for the commercial grade IMU and 15 cm/min for the navigation grade IMU. 

The adaptation of the fourth industrial revolution creates a big shift on how production systems operate today. This article aims to define metrics to help the implementation of a Cyber-Physical system approach. Data acquired from a tool in one of the test cells at Scania is investigated and built upon. The proposed solution in this study suggests an innovative way to approach data and process the identification. Key performance indicators (KPIs) metrics in shop floor and management environments are examined. The conclusion shows an effective system of investigation to use for the creation of KPIs in a Cyber-Physical environment.

Purpose - This paper introduces a schema for the product assembly feature data in an object-oriented and module-based format using Unified Modeling Language (UML). To link production with product design, it is essential to determine at an early stage which entities of product design and development are involved and used at the automated assembly planning and operations. To this end, it is absolutely reasonable to assign meaningful attributes to the parts' design entities (assembly features) in a systematic and structured way. As such, this approach empowers processes such as motion planning and sequence planning in assembly design. Design/methodology/approach - The assembly feature data requirements are studied and definitions are analyzed and redefined. Using object-oriented techniques, the assembly feature data structure and relationships are modeled based on the identified requirements as five UML packages (Part, three-dimensional (3D) models, Mating, Joint and Handling). All geometric and non-geometric design data entities endorsed with assembly design perspective are extracted or assigned from 3D models and realized through the featured entity interface class. The featured entities are then associated (used) with the mating, handling and joints features. The AssemblyFeature interface is realized through mating, handling and joint packages related to the assembly and part classes. Each package contains all relevant classes which further classify the important attributes of the main class. Findings - This paper sets out to provide an explanatory approach using object-oriented techniques to model the schema of assembly features association and artifacts at the product design level, all of which are essential in several subsequent and parallel steps of the assembly planning process, as well as assembly feature entity assignments in design improvement cycle. Practical implications - The practical implication based on the identified advantages can be classified in three main features: module-based design, comprehensive classification, integration. These features help the automation and solution development processes based on the proposed models much easier and systematic. Originality/value - The proposed schema's comprehensiveness and reliability are verified through comparisons with other works and the advantages are discussed in detail.

In order to remain competitive, more and more industries are embracing the concept of industry 4.0 and trying to improve their manufacturing systems. A modern manufacturing system is the one which provides the industry with flexibility to adopt to the constantly changing market demands. In order to be flexible, the manufacturing system should be able to make better use of the shop floor data. Data from the shop floor level should be available in real time to facilitate the decision making process. The process of implementation of an event driven architecture along with services in a real time production environment will be discussed in this paper. For this purpose, pedal car line at Scania Sodertalje is analyzed for the implementation of event driven architecture. The old hand held tools and controllers at the assembly stations were replaced with modern wireless power tools and the latest power focus 6000 controller. The data generated by the power tools was converted into a standard format so that it can easily be interpreted by a message broker. The messages were published on Kafka message bus where other systems were able to subscribe and consume the data. A couple of endpoints were created, one was a REST API that subscribed to the message bus and consumed the data from power tools and visualized key parameters for the operator at the shop floor in real time. Second service created was to calculate certain KPIs and visualize them in graphs form for the maintenance and production engineers. This implementation demonstrated that an event driven architecture such as LISA can be implemented on a real shop floor making real time data available to different systems.

This paper introduces the assembly feature data schema instance modeling to pre-examine the schema functionality and output- as the preliminary step for data modeling. In order to link assembly with product design, it is essential to determine which entities of product design are involved at the automated assembly planning and operations. It is possible to assign meaningful attributes (assembly features) to the part model entities in a systematic and structured way. Using object-oriented design, the assembly feature data structure and its relationships are modeled. As a part of the research on product and assembly system data integration within the evolvable production system platform, the instance models for proposed assembly feature data structure provide a deeper understanding and error reduction that might possibly occur at the development of the database. Moreover through instance modeling, the assembly feature data query output format from the database prototype is simulated. An industrial assembly model example with its 3DPart models is chosen to demonstrate the realized assembly feature data set with string data type. The models support the desired simplicity at the database prototype implementation. The output format envisions the interoperability factor between product models and the assembly planning systems.

Modern machineries are becoming complex cyberphysicalsystems with increasingly intelligent support for processautomation. For the dependability and performance, acombination of measures for fault avoidance, robust architecture,and runtime anomaly handling is necessary. These in turn callfor a formalization of knowledge across different system lifecyclestages and a provision of novel methods and tools for qualifiedsystem synthesis and effective risk management. This paperpresents a model-based approach to qualified process automationfor the operation and maintenance of production systems. Thecontribution is centered on the formalizations of a wide range ofsystem concerns, and thereby a consolidation of the rationalebehind the design of run-time process logic in BPMN2.0. Inparticular, the approach allows an integration of formal systemdescriptions, FTA and FEMA based anomaly analysis, andexecutable process models for effective anomaly detection andtreatment. The approach adopts mature modeling methods andtools through EAST-ADL. In this paper, a prototype tool-chainwith MetaEdit+ Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM) Workbench,HiP-HOPS Analysis Tool and Camunda BPM Platform is alsopresented.

Purpose: This paper addresses a comprehensive modeling and functionality evaluation of amodule-based quality system in production logistics at the highest domain abstract level ofbusiness processes.

Design/methodology/approach: All domain quality business processes and quality datatransactions are modeled using BPMN and UML tools and standards at the business process anddata modeling. A modular web-based prototype is developed to evaluate the models addressingthe quality information system functionality requirements and modularity in production logisticsthrough data scenarios and data queries.

Findings: Using the object-oriented technique in design at the highest domain level, theproposed models are subject further development in the lower levels for the implementing case.The models are specifically able to manipulate all quality operations including remedy and controlin a lot-based make-to-order production logistics system as an individual module.

Practical implications: Due to the specification of system as domain design structure, allproposed BPMs, data models, and the actual database prototype are seen referential if not asolution as a practical “to-be” quality business process re-engineering template. 

Originality/value: this paper sets out to provide an explanatory approach using differentpractical technique at modeling steps as well as the prototype implementation.

Modern machineries are often cyber-physical system-of-systems controlled by intelligent controllersfor collaborative operations on the productions of complex products. To assure theefficiency and effectiveness, a consolidation of concerns across managerial levels, product lifecyclestages, and product lines or families becomes necessary. This calls for a common informationinfrastructure in terms of ontology, models, methods and tools. For industrial manufacturerssubjected to increased cost pressure and market volatility, the availability of such an informationinfrastructure would promote their abilities of making optimized and proactive decisions andthereby their competitiveness and survivability. This paper presents a virtual environment thatconstitutes an information infrastructure for the management and development of evolvableproduction systems (EPS) in manufacturing. It adopts mature modeling frameworks throughEAST-ADL for an effective model-based approach. The contribution is centered on a meta-modelthat offers a common data specification and semantic basis for information management acrossproduct lifecycle, models and tools, both for resource planning and for anomaly treatment. Aprototype tool implementation of this virtual environment for validation is also presented.

This study proposes an object-oriented modelling for the quality information system as a module able to be integrated with other production logistics back office systems. Using the UML modelling tools such as component and class diagrams, the model addresses the highest level quality business processes and data structure as well as all identified providing and depending interfaces and the messaging system in a module-based framework design. The methodology and adopted procedures are explained in details of which provide a better understanding of the modelling and the possibility for the lower-levels quality data extensions following the same framework. The model is able to manipulate all quality control data for purchasing, production and remedy operation in a lot-based make-to-order production system within a defined module.

This paper evaluates the suitability of the workflow modeling tools through process-based materialworkflow perspective. A case example in inbound logistics system of “Resource Reception” workflow at thehighest domain abstract level is examined with four nominated workflow modeling standards of Data FlowDiagram (DFD), Event-based Process Control (EPC), Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) andUnified Modeling Language (UML) Activity Diagrams (AD). Focusing on the physical object diagramingsyntax and semantics, the essential factors of the flows, consumption pattern and states for physical objectsas well as readability, easiness and comprehensiveness of the modeling tools were discussed throughout themodeling development. The models and comparative evaluation results clearly demonstrates the superiorityand advantages of using UML Ads at the workflow modeling providing an extensive view of the whole systemfunctionalities and behavior fulfilling the necessity of capturing any undepicted entity that might hold the keyof improvement in Business Process Management (BPM).