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Publications (10 of 16) Show all publications
Haynes, A. C., Turmo Vidal, L., Lindegren, A., Zhou, R., Gómez Ortega, A., Park, J. Y., . . . Höök, K. (2026). Aesthetics of Felt Asymmetry. In: CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems: . Paper presented at 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2026, Barcelona, Spain, April 13-17, 2026. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Article ID 561.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Aesthetics of Felt Asymmetry
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2026 (English)In: CHI 2026 - Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2026, article id 561Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Our bodies mediate every interaction with technology, yet - as soma design and feminist HCI remind us - the body is not a neutral canvas. We introduce and examine felt asymmetries - somaesthetic experiences of difference in the body - as a site for generative and critical engagement in interaction design. Through an autobiographical design exploration, and a series of somatic explorations with nine designers including individual inquiries and workshops, we sensitised to, articulated, and shared personal experiences of asymmetry. We draw from these explorations to contribute: (1) Opening a design space exploring the aesthetics of felt asymmetries; (2) Reflections on engaging with asymmetry in design, e.g. as a design material, an estrangement activity or doorway into intimate experience; (3) Considerations for creating technologies that resonate with, rather than erase, the asymmetries of lived experience. We argue that bodily asymmetries are not only to be accommodated in design, but embraced as aesthetic resources - sources of joy, tension, and creativity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2026
Keywords
Asymmetry, Autobiographical Design, Autobiographical Methods, Body Plurality, Soma Design, Somaesthetics
National Category
Design Human Computer Interaction Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-382929 (URN)10.1145/3772318.3791749 (DOI)2-s2.0-105038714452 (Scopus ID)
Conference
2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2026, Barcelona, Spain, April 13-17, 2026
Note

Part of ISBN 9798400722783

QC 20260603

Available from: 2026-06-03 Created: 2026-06-03 Last updated: 2026-06-03Bibliographically approved
Zhou, R., Boer, L., Leithinger, D. & Balaam, M. (2026). Otherness as a Quality in Designing Expressive Robotic Touch. In: Proceedings of the 2026 Designing Interactive Systems Conference: . Paper presented at The 2026 Designing Interactive Systems Conference, DIS 2026, Singapore, June 13-17, 2026 (pp. 3316-3333). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Otherness as a Quality in Designing Expressive Robotic Touch
2026 (English)In: Proceedings of the 2026 Designing Interactive Systems Conference, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2026, p. 3316-3333Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Haptic technologies have advanced rapidly, yet exploration of robotic touch remains dominated by replicating realistic environmental cues or hand gestures, which narrows the design space and risks social resistance. This paper argues for alternatives: grounded in the notion of “otherness” from human-robot interaction (HRI), we propose treating robotic touch’s inherent otherness as a design quality. Instead of being a limitation in pursuing realism, otherness can be embraced to elicit ambiguity and provoke alternative interpretations, fostering expressive and evocative robotic touch design. To develop this perspective, we analyze inspirational art and design precedents and four design research cases through a reflective Research through Design (RtD) approach. Through this analysis, we articulate a set of design languages structured around why otherness matters for touch meaning-making, how it can be shaped through design strategies, and where it can be embedded within robotic touch systems. We conclude by reflecting on the tensions and risks involved in designing robotic touch with otherness in mind.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2026
Keywords
Otherness, Ambiguity, Expressive Robotic Touch, Touch Design, Haptics, Human-robot Interaction, Heuristic, Interpretation, Meaning-making
National Category
Human Computer Interaction Design Robotics and automation
Research subject
Human-computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-384864 (URN)10.1145/3800645.3812880 (DOI)2-s2.0-105042977900 (Scopus ID)
Conference
The 2026 Designing Interactive Systems Conference, DIS 2026, Singapore, June 13-17, 2026
Note

Part of ISBN 979-8-4007-2563-0

QC 20260706

Available from: 2026-07-05 Created: 2026-07-05 Last updated: 2026-07-06Bibliographically approved
Rauf, A. M., Zhou, R., Acome, E., Balaam, M., Follmer, S., Han, T., . . . Leithinger, D. (2026). Power from Potential: A Survey of Electrostatic Actuators for Haptics. IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Power from Potential: A Survey of Electrostatic Actuators for Haptics
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2026 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Haptics, ISSN 1939-1412, E-ISSN 2329-4051Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

As haptic interfaces integrate more seamlessly into wearables and everyday environments, they increasingly require actuators that are soft, thin, silent, and energy efficient. However, conventional motors and temperature-responsive polymers often struggle to deliver these properties due to their bulky form factors and high power consumption. High-Voltage Electrostatic Actuators (HVEAs), which generate force by applying an electric field to localized charge concentrations using high voltages and ultra-low currents, have recently emerged as a compelling alternative due to their fast, silent, and low-power operation within highly customizable and compliant form factors. This paper presents a focused review of HVEAs for haptics, examining four major classes: electrostatic switchable adhesives, dielectric elastomer actuators, soft electrohydraulic actuators, and electrokinetic pumps. For each class, we describe their mechanisms that enable haptic output; characterize their band widths, force densities, and spatial scalability; and evaluate their versatility for rendering cutaneous and kinesthetic feedback across wearable and world-grounded interfaces. Through this cross-technology analysis, we identify common design constraints and emerging strategies for improving ergonomics, streamlining fabrication, and integrating self-sensing. We conclude by out lining where HVEAs are uniquely positioned to advance haptic interaction and highlighting key research directions needed to translate these technologies into practical systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society, 2026
Keywords
electrostatic actuators, haptics, electroadhesion, dielectric elastomer actuators, soft electrohydraulic actuators, electro-kinetic pumps
National Category
Applied Mechanics Other Engineering and Technologies
Research subject
Computer Science; Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-384862 (URN)10.1109/toh.2026.3708136 (DOI)42371873 (PubMedID)
Note

QC 20260706

Available from: 2026-07-04 Created: 2026-07-04 Last updated: 2026-07-06Bibliographically approved
Lindegren, A., Zhou, R., Gamboa, M., Koleva, K. & Fernaeus, Y. (2026). Qualities of Physical, Everyday, Interactive Things: an Exploration of Keys. In: TEI 2026 - Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction: . Paper presented at 20th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI 2026, Hybrid, Chicago, United States of America, Mar 8 2026 - Mar 11 2026. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Article ID 55.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Qualities of Physical, Everyday, Interactive Things: an Exploration of Keys
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2026 (English)In: TEI 2026 - Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2026, article id 55Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Daily interactions with things are becoming increasingly virtual and hidden, tucked away in minimalist UI’s or dependent on clear voice commands. Motivated by a love for physical interactions, this work uses keys, a mundane, everyday technology, as our object of study, identifying what is being ‘designed away’ in the process of digitalization. This is achieved through a collection of found objects, material samples, and design probes. We present a visual exhibition in pictorial format, where each piece represents material qualities of physical, interactive artefacts. We conclude by discussing how the embodied qualities of these artifacts can be extended to the broader landscape of everyday physical things. Our work contributes to the TEI community through both the tangible artifacts and the identified qualities for designing future physical, everyday, interactive things.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2026
Keywords
collection, craft, fabrication, interaction design, Key, research through design, tangible interaction
National Category
Design Human Computer Interaction Information Systems, Social aspects Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-382401 (URN)10.1145/3731459.3774488 (DOI)2-s2.0-105037884424 (Scopus ID)
Conference
20th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI 2026, Hybrid, Chicago, United States of America, Mar 8 2026 - Mar 11 2026
Note

Part of ISBN 9798400718687

QC 20260601

Available from: 2026-06-01 Created: 2026-06-01 Last updated: 2026-06-01Bibliographically approved
Zhou, R., Ding, J., Gao, C., Qian, W., Erickson, B., Balaam, M., . . . Nakagaki, K. (2025). Demonstrating Shape-Kit: A Design Toolkit for Crafting On-Body Expressive Haptics. In: Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025: . Paper presented at CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025, Yokohama, Japan, 26 April 2025- 1 May 2025. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Demonstrating Shape-Kit: A Design Toolkit for Crafting On-Body Expressive Haptics
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2025 (English)In: Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Driven by the vision of everyday haptics, the HCI community is advocating for “design touch first” and investigating “how to touch well.” However, a gap remains between the exploratory nature of haptic design and technical reproducibility. We present Shape-Kit, a hybrid design toolkit embodying our “crafting haptics” metaphor. The Shape-Kit analog tool can transduce and amplify (or minify) human touch behaviors into dynamic pin-based haptic sensations through a flexible and long transducer, enabling free-form sensorial exploration of touch across the body. An ad-hoc tracking module captures and digitizes these patterns, while our graphical user interface includes real-time 3D visualization, recording, tuning, and playback functionalities. To showcase a full design cycle, we built a programmable shape display for tangible playback. This demonstration invites attendees to experience how the analog crafting method offers an intuitive entry point for collaborative touch prototyping while excelling at uncovering subtle nuances that shape touch quality and how touch digitization enables touch recording and playback while enhancing reflective creation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025
Keywords
Haptic Design Toolkit, Crafting Haptics, On-body Expressive Haptics, Design Research, Passive Shape Display, Computer Vision, Soma Design, Collaborative Haptic Design, Sensorial Exploration
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Human-computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-365763 (URN)10.1145/3706599.3721280 (DOI)001496972000902 ()2-s2.0-105005746172 (Scopus ID)
Conference
CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2025, Yokohama, Japan, 26 April 2025- 1 May 2025
Projects
ERC, Intimate Touch, 101043637Army Research Office contract number W911NF22C0082Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Administration (IARPA)
Note

QC 20250701

Available from: 2025-06-29 Created: 2025-06-29 Last updated: 2025-12-08Bibliographically approved
Zhou, R., Ding, J., Gao, C., Qian, W., Erickson, B., Balaam, M., . . . Nakagaki, K. (2025). Shape-Kit: A Design Toolkit for Crafting On-Body Expressive Haptics. In: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025: . Paper presented at The 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025, Yokohama, Japan, 26 Apr 2025- 1 May 2025. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Shape-Kit: A Design Toolkit for Crafting On-Body Expressive Haptics
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2025 (English)In: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Driven by the vision of everyday haptics, the HCI community is advocating for “design touch first” and investigating “how to touch well.” However, a gap remains between the exploratory nature of haptic design and technical reproducibility. We present Shape-Kit, a hybrid design toolkit embodying our “crafting haptics” metaphor, where hand touch is transduced into dynamic pin-based sensations that can be freely explored across the body. An ad-hoc tracking module captures and digitizes these patterns. Our study with 14 designers and artists demonstrates how Shape-Kit facilitates sensorial exploration for expressive haptic design. We analyze how designers collaboratively ideate, prototype, iterate, and compose touch experiences and show the subtlety and richness of touch that can be achieved through diverse crafting methods with Shape-Kit. Reflecting on the findings, our work contributes key insights into haptic toolkit design and touch design practices centered on the “crafting haptics” metaphor. We discuss in-depth how Shape-Kit’s simplicity, though remaining constrained, enables focused crafting for deeper exploration, while its collaborative nature fosters shared sense-making of touch experiences.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025
Keywords
Haptic Design Toolkit, Crafting Haptics, On-body Expressive Haptics, Design Research, Passive Shape Display, Computer Vision, Soma Design, Collaborative Haptic Design, Sensorial Exploration
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Human-computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363916 (URN)10.1145/3706598.3713981 (DOI)001501412600060 ()2-s2.0-105005758853 (Scopus ID)
Conference
The 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025, Yokohama, Japan, 26 Apr 2025- 1 May 2025
Projects
ERC, Intimate Touch, 101043637Army Research Office contract number W911NF22C0082Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Administration (IARPA)
Note

QC 20250701

Available from: 2025-06-29 Created: 2025-06-29 Last updated: 2025-12-08Bibliographically approved
Praveena, P., Sato, A. J., Koike, A., Zhou, R., White, N. & Nakagaki, K. (2024). HRI and UIST: Designing Socially Engaging Robot Interfaces. In: UIST Adjunct 2024 - Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology: . Paper presented at 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST Adjunct 2024, Pittsburgh, United States of America, October 13-16, 2024. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Article ID 115.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>HRI and UIST: Designing Socially Engaging Robot Interfaces
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2024 (English)In: UIST Adjunct 2024 - Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2024, article id 115Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) is a field of study that focuses on the understanding, design, and evaluation of interactions between humans and robots. This workshop aims to bring together researchers interested in exploring the intersection of UIST and HRI. Our goal is to provide attendees with a deeper understanding of the synergies between the two research communities and to inspire better alignment between technical advancements in UIST and their application to social HRI contexts. The workshop will feature interactive demos, prototyping sessions, and discussions to explore key HRI concepts and considerations for designing robot interfaces that facilitate social interactions with humans.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2024
Keywords
embodied agent, human-robot interaction, social robot, socially interactive robot
National Category
Robotics and automation Human Computer Interaction Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-357896 (URN)10.1145/3672539.3686705 (DOI)001336607900047 ()2-s2.0-85211496488 (Scopus ID)
Conference
37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST Adjunct 2024, Pittsburgh, United States of America, October 13-16, 2024
Note

Part of ISBN 9798400707186

QC 20241230

Available from: 2024-12-19 Created: 2024-12-19 Last updated: 2025-05-13Bibliographically approved
Zhang, Y., Han, R., Zhou, R., Gyory, P., Zheng, C., Shih, P. C., . . . Leithinger, D. (2024). Wizard of Props: Mixed Reality Prototyping with Physical Props to Design Responsive Environments. In: TEI '24 : Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI 2024, Cork, Ireland: . Paper presented at The Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI 2024, Cork, Ireland, Feb 11-14, 2024. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Wizard of Props: Mixed Reality Prototyping with Physical Props to Design Responsive Environments
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2024 (English)In: TEI '24 : Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI 2024, Cork, Ireland, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Driven by the vision of future responsive environments, where everyday surroundings can perceive human behaviors and respond through intelligent robotic actuation, we propose Wizard of Props (WoP): a human-centered design workflow for creating expressive, implicit, and meaningful interactions. This collaborative experience prototyping approach integrates full-scale physical props with Mixed Reality (MR) to support ideation, prototyping, and rapid testing of responsive environments. We present two design explorations that showcase our investigations of diverse design solutions based on varying technology resources, contextual considerations, and target audiences. Design Exploration One focuses on mixed environment building, where we observe fluid prototyping methods. In Design Exploration Two, we explore how novice designers approach WoP, and illustrate their design ideas and behaviors. Our findings reveal that WoP complements conventional design methods, enabling intuitive body-storming, supporting flexible prototyping fidelity, and fostering expressive environment-human interactions through in-situ improvisational performance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2024
Keywords
Responsive Environment Design; Design Tool, Rapid Prototyping; Mixed Reality; Embodied Interaction; Tangible Interaction; Haptics
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Human-computer Interaction; Human-computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-365764 (URN)10.1145/3623509.3633395 (DOI)2-s2.0-85185220322 (Scopus ID)
Conference
The Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI 2024, Cork, Ireland, Feb 11-14, 2024
Note

QC 20250701

Available from: 2025-06-29 Created: 2025-06-29 Last updated: 2025-07-01Bibliographically approved
Bae, S. S., Vanukuru, R., Yang, R., Gyory, P., Zhou, R., Do, E.-L. Y. & Szafir, D. A. (2023). Cultivating Visualization Literacy for Children Through Curiosity and Play. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 29(1), 257-267
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cultivating Visualization Literacy for Children Through Curiosity and Play
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2023 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, ISSN 1077-2626, Vol. 29, no 1, p. 257-267Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Fostering data visualization literacy (DVL) as part of childhood education could lead to a more data literate society. However, most work in DVL for children relies on a more formal educational context (i.e., a teacher-led approach) that limits children's engagement with data to classroom-based environments and, consequently, children's ability to ask questions about and explore data on topics they find personally meaningful. We explore how a curiosity-driven, child-led approach can provide more agency to children when they are authoring data visualizations. This paper explores how informal learning with crafting physicalizations through play and curiosity may foster increased literacy and engagement with data. Employing a constructionist approach, we designed a do-it-yourself toolkit made out of everyday materials (e.g., paper, cardboard, mirrors) that enables children to create, customize, and personalize three different interactive visualizations (bar, line, pie). We used the toolkit as a design probe in a series of in-person workshops with 5 children (6 to 11-year-olds) and interviews with 5 educators. Our observations reveal that the toolkit helped children creatively engage and interact with visualizations. Children with prior knowledge of data visualization reported the toolkit serving as more of an authoring tool that they envision using in their daily lives, while children with little to no experience found the toolkit as an engaging introduction to data visualization. Our study demonstrates the potential of using the constructionist approach to cultivate children's DVL through curiosity and play.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023
Keywords
Data visualization literacy, children, constructionism, informal learning
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Human-computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-365768 (URN)10.1109/tvcg.2022.3209442 (DOI)000901991800004 ()36155440 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85133374114 (Scopus ID)
Projects
National Science Foundation under Grant No. IIS-2040489, IIS-2046725, & STEM+C 1933915.
Note

QC 20250629

Available from: 2025-06-29 Created: 2025-06-29 Last updated: 2025-08-25Bibliographically approved
Zhou, R., Schwemler, Z., Baweja, A., Sareen, H., Hunt, C. L. & Leithinger, D. (2023). Demonstrating TactorBots: A Haptic Design Toolkit for Exploration of Emotional Robotic Touch. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2023: . Paper presented at The 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2023, Hamburg, Germany, Apr 23-28, 2023. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Demonstrating TactorBots: A Haptic Design Toolkit for Exploration of Emotional Robotic Touch
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2023 (English)In: Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2023, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , 2023Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Emerging research has demonstrated the viability of emotional communication through haptic technology inspired by interpersonal touch. However, the meaning-making of artificial touch remains ambiguous and contextual. We see this ambiguity caused by robotic touch's "otherness" as an opportunity for exploring alternatives. To empower designers to explore emotional robotic touch, we devise TactorBots. It contains eight plug-and-play wearable tactor modules that render a series of social gestures driven by servo motors. Our specialized web GUI allows easy control, modification, and storage of tactile patterns to support fast prototyping. Taking emotional haptics as a "design canvas" with broad opportunities, TactorBots is the first "playground" for designers to try out various tactile sensations, feel around the nuanced connection between touches and emotions, and come up with creative imaginations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2023
Keywords
Haptic Design Toolkit, Wearable, Emotional Robotic Touch, Design Research, Creativity Support
National Category
Human Computer Interaction
Research subject
Human-computer Interaction
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-365766 (URN)10.1145/3544549.3583897 (DOI)2-s2.0-85158127124 (Scopus ID)
Conference
The 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2023, Hamburg, Germany, Apr 23-28, 2023
Note

QC 20250701

Available from: 2025-06-29 Created: 2025-06-29 Last updated: 2025-07-01Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5309-056X

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